Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

Southwest Florida Water Management District Geohydrologic Data Section Revised March 2019 Cover Photo: Permanent monitor wells at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida. In order from left to right: SURF AQ MONI- TOR, U FLDN AQ MONITOR. Photograph by Julia Zydek Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

By Julia Zydek

Revised March 2018

Southwest Florida Water Management District Geohydrologic Data Section Southwest Florida Water Management District Operations, Lands and Resource Monitoring Division Ken Frink, P.E., Director

Data Collection Bureau Sandie Will, P.G., Chief

Geohydrologic Data Section M. Ted Gates, P.G., C.P.G., Manager

Southwest Florida Water Management District 2379 Broad Street Brooksville, FL 34604-6899

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Suggested citation: Zydek, J.A., 2018, Well Cosntruction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, FL: Southwest Florida Water Management District, 30 p. The hydrogeologic evaluations and interpretations contained in Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida have been prepared by or approved by a licensed Professional Geologist in the State of Florida, in accordance with Chapter 492, Florida Statutes.

Julia A. Zydek Professional Geologist State of Florida License No. PG 2984 Date: 3/20/2019 Foreword

The Geohydrologic Data Section administers the Regional Observation and- Monitor-well Program (ROMP) at the Southwest Florida Water Management District (District). The ROMP was started in 1974 in response to the need for hydrogeologic information by the District. The focus of the ROMP is to quan- tify the flow characteristics and water quality of the groundwater systems that serve as the primary source of water supply within southwest Florida. The original design of the ROMP consisted of an inland 10-mile grid network composed of 104 well sites and a coastal transect network composed of 57 coastal monitor transects of two to three well sites each. The number of wells at a well site varies with specific regional needs; usually two to five permanent monitor wells are constructed at each site. The numbering system for both networks generally increases from south to north with ROMP-labeled wells representing the inland grid network and TR-labeled wells representing the coastal transect network.

In addition to the ROMP, the GEO section constructs monitor wells and per- forms testing activities for other District programs and projects. The broad objectives at each well site are to determine the geology, hydrology, water quality, and hydraulic properties, and to install wells for long-term monitoring. Site activities include coring, testing, and well construction. These activities provide data for the hydrogeologic and groundwater quality characterization of the well sites. These characterizations are used to ensure the monitor wells are properly designed. At the completion of each well site, a summary report is generated and can be found at the District’s website at www.watermatters.org/ data. The monitor wells form the backbone of the District’s long-term aquifer monitoring networks, which supply critical data for the District’s regional mod- els and hydrologic conditions reporting.

M. Ted Gates Manager v

Contents

Foreword...... iv Introduction...... 1 Acknowledgments...... 1 Site Location...... 1 Methods...... 1 Well Construction...... 2 Surficial Aquifer Monitor Well...... 2 Upper Floridan Aquifer Monitor Well...... 5 Geology...... 5 Hydrogeology...... 9 Summary...... 9 References...... 10 Appendix A. Scanned daily drilling logs taken during well construction at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 11

Figures

1. Central Florida Water Initiative well sites...... 2 2. Location of the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 3 3. Layout of the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 4 4. Well as-built diagram for the SURF AQ MONITOR at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 6 5. Well as-built diagram for the U FLDN AQ MONITOR at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 7 6. Stratigraphic column detailing the hydrogeologic setting at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 9

Tables

1. Summary of well construction details at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 5 2. Lithologic description of the split-spoon and grab samples collected at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida...... 8 vi

Conversion Factors and Datums

Multiply By To obtain Length inch (in) 2.54 centimeter (cm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) Area acre 0.004047 square kilometer (km2) square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter (m2) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) Volume

gallon (gal) 3.785 liter (L) gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter (m2) cubic foot (ft3) 0.02832 cubic meter (m3) Flow Rate

foot per day (ft/d) 0.3048 meters per day (m/d) cubic foot per second (ft3/s) 0.02832 cubic meter per second (m3/s) cubic foot per day (ft3/d) 0.02832 cubic meter per day (m3/d) gallon per day (gal/d) 0.003785 cubic meter per day (m3/d)

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Elevation, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

bls below land surface CFWI Central Florida Water Initiative District Southwest Florida Water Management District fig. figure gpm gallons per minute gpm/ft gallons per minute per foot Huss Huss Drilling, Incorporated NAVD 88 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 PVC polyvinyl chloride ROMP Regional Observation and Monitor-well Program SID site identification WCP well construction permit 1

Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

By Julia Zydek

land surface elevation is approximately 117.1 feet above the Introduction North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88). The Several well construction sites were planned to inves- Lake Amoret well site is located on a permanent easement tigate lake and groundwater interactions for the adoption of granted to the District by the Village of Highland Park. Figure minimum lake level protocols within the boundary of the 3 presents the layout for the Lake Amoret well site. Central Florida Water Initiative (CFWI) in Polk County, The Lake Amoret well site can be found by taking US Florida. The sites are part of the Data, Monitoring, and Route 27 south toward Avon Park for 18 miles from Lake Investigations Team five-year Work Plans that support CFWI Wales. Turn east onto Hunt Brothers Road for 0.8 miles. At activities. Seven sites will provide lithologic descriptions the traffic circle, take the first exit onto Florida Highway 17 from land surface to the top of limestone and will provide two South/South Scenic Highway and proceed for 0.8 miles. Turn long-term monitor wells; one to monitor the surficial aquifer east onto North Highland Park Drive and follow onto South and the other to monitor the Upper Floridan aquifer. Ground- Highland Park Drive. Follow the access road northwest to the water level data collected from these wells will help assess the site. hydraulic connection between the lakes and the surficial aqui- The Lake Amoret well site is in the Lake Wales Ridge fer and Upper Floridan aquifer in the east-central part of the physiographic region of west-central Florida, which extends Southwest Florida Water Management District (District). Data south from Lake County into Highlands County (White, collected from the wells will be used to establish and reevalu- 1970). In Polk County, the Lake Wales Ridge is situated ate the minimum lake levels in accordance with Section between the Polk Upland physiographic region 1.7 miles to 373.042, Florida Statutes. Additionally, these sites will guide the west and the Osceola Plain physiographic region 7.8 miles in model calibration for the East-Central Florida Transient to the east. The Lake Wales Ridge is primarily made of sand Groundwater Model and the District-Wide Regulation Model. ridges separated by valleys that trend north to south. These The sites targeted for investigation are Clinch Lake, sand ridges are underlain by a karstic terrain (Yobbi, 1996). Crystal Lake, Dinner Lake, Eagle Lake, Lake Amoret, Lake Approximately 200 lakes, ponds, swamps, and sinkholes Aurora, Lake Bonnie, Lake Easy, Lake Eva, Lake Lee, Lake occur along the Lake Wales Ridge and adjacent areas (Yobbi, Lowery, Lake Mabel, Lake McLeod, Lake Starr, Lake Trout, 1996). The carbonate materials of the ridge were dissolved, Lake Venus, and North Lake Wales (fig. 1). This report details collapsing into sinkholes and subsequently forming these the well construction and hydrogeology of the Lake Amoret lakes and ponds (Yobbi, 1996). The Lake Wales Ridge is an site. area of interest due to the hydrologic connection between surface water systems and groundwater systems via sinkholes and other features characterized by karstic terrain. The Lake Acknowledgments Amoret well site is in the Peace River Drainage Basin.

Special thanks to Huss Drilling, Incorporated (Huss), for their continued professionalism. Methods Huss collected lithologic samples using a Failing 500 Site Location drill rig equipped for split-spoon sampling. Split-spoon sampling occurred between August 1, 2017 and August 3, 2017. The Lake Amoret well site is in central Polk County The split-spoon sampler was advanced using a 140-pound approximately six miles west of the District boundary (fig. 2). hammer through 4.5-inch inside diameter hollow-stem augers, It is in the northeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Section which acted as temporary casing and held the borehole open. 24, Township 30 South, and Range 7 East at latitude 27° 51ʹ Continuous lithologic samples were collected in two-foot 52.05ʺ north and longitude 81° 33ʹ 57.59ʺ west (fig. 2). The intervals from land surface to 12 feet below land surface (bls). 2 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

8145W 8130W 8115W

Lake Lowery^ Southwest Lake Eva^ Florida Water Management District N 8

2 Eagle Lake^ Lake Lee ^ ^^^Lake Mabel Lake McLeod Dinner Lake ^Lake Starr Area of Enlargement North Lake Wales ^^ Lake Bonnie Crystal Lake ^Lake Aurora PLANATION Lake Venus ^ _^ Lake Amoret ^ ^ Name Central Florida Lake Easy Water Initiative 0 10 Miles lake well site location and name N

5 Central Florida 4 0 10 Kilometers Clinch Lake ^ Water Initiative 7

2 boundary Base from Southwest Florida Water Management District digital data, 2012 NAD 1983 HARN State Plane Florida West FIPS 0902 Lake Trout Feet projection ^

Figure 1. Central Florida Water Initiative well sites

Then, Huss collected samples in two-foot intervals for every measured after well development using a Solinst electric water five feet drilled. Split-spoon sampling was continued to refusal level meter. Each well has been surveyed, benchmarked, and at 150 feet bls. Grab samples of drill cuttings were collected equipped for daily water level monitoring. at five to 10-foot intervals to a depth of 300 feet bls during construction of the Upper Floridan aquifer monitor well. The samples were boxed, labeled, and described by the on-site Surficial Aquifer Monitor Well geologist. The surficial aquifer monitor well (District site ID [SID] 891708) was installed between August 3, 2017, and Well Construction August 7, 2017, using well construction permit (WCP) number 861793. The final well specifications can be found in table 1 Monitor well construction at the Lake Amoret well site and figure 4. The well is contained within the undifferenti- was completed by Huss and supervised by a District geolo- ated sand and clay sediments and will be used to monitor the gist. Permanent monitor wells were constructed for long-term groundwater level in the surficial aquifer. water level monitoring. Two monitor wells were constructed, Huss constructed the surficial aquifer monitor well including one permanent surficial aquifer monitor well and using a Central Mining Equipment 75 drill rig equipped for one permanent Upper Floridan aquifer monitor well (fig. 3). hollow-stem auguring to drill an 8-inch hole from land surface Huss constructed the two wells between August 1, 2017, and to 85 feet bls. The hole was extended 5 feet beyond the design August 18, 2017. The exploratory borehole was converted into depth of the well to allow room for backfill. Next, 4-inch, the Upper Floridan aquifer monitor well after exploration was schedule 40, threaded, PVC screen (0.010-inch slot) was complete. Each well was developed by pumping at least three installed between 10 and 80 feet bls. Then, 4-inch, schedule well volumes until the discharge water was free of sediment 40, threaded, PVC casing was installed from land surface to and clear, unless otherwise stated. The 4-inch polyvinyl chlo- 10 feet bls. A 20-30 silica sand filter pack was installed from 8 ride (PVC) casing for each well was raised to three feet above to 80 feet bls, a 30-65 fine silica sand seal was installed from 7 land surface. Sand was installed inside a lockable metal well to 8 feet bls, and cement grout was installed from land surface cover around the casing. Concrete pads were installed around to 7 feet bls. The well was developed for approximately 90 the finished wells. The groundwater level in each well was minutes at 43 gallons per minute (gpm). The specific capac- Well Construction 3 r d a 8 n w o . a f d o o i 0 l

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N 4 5 1 5 7 2 N 2 5 1 5 7 2 N 0 5 1 5 7 2 Figure 3. Geology 5 ity of the well was 4.36 gallons per minute per foot (gpm/ft). well was 2.9 gpm/ft and the approximate measurement of the The surficial aquifer monitor well was subsequently used as drawdown was recorded at 6.84 feet. the water supply well for the remainder of the coring and well construction operations. Geology Upper Floridan Aquifer Monitor Well The lithostratigraphy of the Lake Amoret well site is based on lithologic samples collected from split-spoon sam- The Upper Floridan aquifer monitor well (District SID pling from land surface to 150 feet bls and interpretation of 891705) was installed between August 8, 2017, and August drill cuttings collected during well construction from 150 to 18, 2017 under WCP number 861790. The final well specifi- 300 feet bls. Descriptions of the samples can be found in table cations can be found in table 1 and figure 5. The well will be 2. The geologic units encountered at the well site include, in used to monitor the water levels in the Upper Floridan aquifer. ascending order: the Ocala Limestone, the undifferentiated On August 8, 2017, Huss used the Failing 500 drill rig Arcadia Formation,the Peace River Formation, the Cypress- to widen the exploratory borehole to 17 inches in diameter, head Formation, and the undifferentiated sand and clay from land surface to 40 feet bls. Next, 12-inch, schedule 40, deposits. A stratigraphic column detailing the lithostratigraphy threaded, PVC casing was installed and grouted from 40 feet encountered at the well site is presented in figure 6. bls to land surface. The cement was left to harden overnight. The late Eocene age Ocala Limestone extends from 218 On August 9, 2017, Huss drilled a nominal 12-inch open hole feet bls to beyond the depth of exploration at the Lake Amoret using the mud-rotary method from 40 to 140 feet bls. Next, well site. The top of the Ocala Limestone was picked at the 8-inch, schedule 40, threaded, PVC casing was installed and top of the very first grab sample interval where the diagnostic grouted from land surface to 140 feet bls. The cement was left benthic foraminifera, Lepidocyclina ocalana, was identified. to harden overnight. At 218 feet bls, light gray fossiliferous limestone fragments, On August 10, 2017, Huss drilled a nominal 8-inch open shell fragments, and clay are present. From 230 to 300 feet bls, hole using the mud-rotary method from 140 to a total depth trace phosphate is present with less clay. The fossil fragments of 300 feet bls. The well was developed using the reverse-air become more abundant and more broken up with depth. pumping method for 55 minutes with the drilling rods at the At the Lake Amoret well site, Miocene to Oligocene age bottom of the hole to remove the drilling fluid. On August undifferentiated Arcadia Formation is present from 150 to 218 15, 2017, Huss installed 4-inch, schedule 40, threaded, PVC feet bls. At 170 feet bls, white to very pale brown limestone casing on two 4 x 8 formation packers from land surface to with grayish brown sand was encountered. The grab sample 200 feet bls. The two 4 x 8 formation packers were set on the collected at 170 feet bls contains pebble-sized phosphate 4-inch PVC casing approximately two feet apart, with one at grains and shell fragments. Huss noted loss of circulation 197 feet bls and the other at 199 feet bls. The formation packer while drilling the interval between 170 and 180 feet bls. The at 197 feet bls was topped with pea gravel and bentonite to grab sample at 176 feet bls contains very pale brown to gray- ensure an effective seal for the packer against the wall of the ish brown limestone fragments with less blueish gray clay borehole. The 4-inch PVC casing was then grouted from 190 and fewer pebble-sized phosphate grains. The drilling log also feet bls to land surface. The well was developed for approxi- indicates hard rock was present at this depth. From 190 to mately 30 minutes at 20 gpm. The specific capacity of the 200 feet bls, more blueish gray to light olive gray clay with

Table 1. Summary of well construction details at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida

[SID, site identification; ft, feet; bls, below land surface; MM/DD/YYYY, month/day/year; WCP, well construction permit number; SURF, surficial; AQ, aquifer; PVC, polyvinyl chloride; Inc., Incorporated; U, Upper; FLDN, Floridan]

SID Well Name Open Casing Constructed Start Date Complete Date Status WCP Interval Type By (MM/DD/ (MM/DD/YYYY) No.(s) (ft bls) YYYY)

LAKE AMORET SURF PVC Huss Drilling, 891708 10 - 80 8/3/2017 8/7/2017 Active 861793 AQ MONITOR Screen Inc.

LAKE AMORET U Huss Drilling, 891705 FLDN AQ MONI- 200 - 300 PVC 8/8/2017 8/18/2017 Active 861790 Inc. TOR 6 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

GEOLOGIC HYDROGEOLOGIC

Locking metal cover with 20-30 silica sand 0 (not to scale) 3 feet x 3 feet x 4-inch Concrete pad (not to scale) 8-inch Nominal 10 borehole static water (0-85 ft bls) level is 9.81 ft bls Type II Portland undifferentiated cement grout sand and clay (0-7 ft bls) 20 fine sand cap (7-8 ft bls)

4-inch PVC casing (+3-10 ft bls) 30 20-30 Silica sand filter pack (8-80 ft bls)

40 surficial aquifer

50 4-inch Sch 40 PVC

DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET 0.010-inch slot well screen (10-80 ft bls) Cypresshead 60 Formation

80 Backfill

Well Name: LAKE AMORET SURF AQ MONITOR SID: 891708 EXPLANATION WCP: 861793 20-30 sand Locking metal cover S/T/R: 24/30S/07E Latitude: 27° 51' 51.94" Cement grout Fine sand Longitude: 81° 33' 57.65" PVC casing Backfill Reporting Category: AMOR Screen Concrete Const. Began: 8/3/2017 Const. Complete: 8/7/2017

Figure 4. Well as-built diagram for the SURF AQ MONITOR at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida. Geology 7

GEOLOGIC HYDROGEOLOGIC UNITS UNITS

0 Locking metal cover with 20-30 silica sand (not to scale) undifferentiated 3 feet x 3 feet x 4-inch sand and clay Concrete pad static water level (not to scale) is 15.87 ft bls 17-inch Nominal borehole (0-40 ft bls) 12-inch PVC casing 50 (0-40 ft bls) surficial aquifer Type II Portland cement grout (0-40 ft bls) (0-140 ft bls) Cypresshead (0-190 ft bls) Formation 12-inch Nominal 100 borehole (40-140 ft bls) 8-inch PVC casing (0-140 ft bls) 4-inch PVC casing (+3-200 ft bls)

Peace River 150 Formation 8-inch Nominal borehole (140-300 ft bls) confining unit undifferentiated Arcadia Gravel Formation (190-197 ft bls) 200 4x8 Formation packers (197 and 199 ft bls) DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET

8-inch Open hole 250 (200-300 ft bls) Ocala Upper Floridan Limestone aquifer

300

Well Name: LAKE AMORET U FLDN AQ MONITOR SID: 891705 EXPLANATION WCP: 861790 Concrete Locking metal cover S/T/R: 24/30S/07E Latitude: 27° 51' 52.05" Open hole Formation packer Longitude: 81° 33' 57.59" Cement grout Galvanized steel Reporting Category: AMOR PVC casing Gravel Const. Began: 8/8/2017 Const. Complete: 8/18/2017

Figure 5. Well as-built diagram for the U FLDN AQ MONITOR at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida. 8 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

Table 2. Lithologic description of the split-spoon and grab samples collected at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida

[Depth is in feet below land surface; percentages are observed estimates]

Depth Description

undifferentiated sand and clay 0 - 3 very fine quartz sand, black organics coating grains, subangular grained 2 - 32 quartz sand, yellowish brown, very fine, subangular, moist, very wet at approximately 21 feet below land surface

Cypresshead Formation 35 - 37 quartz sand, white, very fine, driller's note: sandy clay at 38 feet below land surface while drilling down to next spoon interval 40 - 42 quartz clayey sand, white lens, very fine 50 - 77 quartz sand, very pale brown, very fine 80 - 82 clayey quartz sand, white, very fine grained, organics, 60 percent sand, 40 percent clay 85 - 90 clayey quartz sand, very fine to medium grained, organics, 80 percent sand, 20 percent clay, 80 percent recovery 90 - 111 as above, medium-grained, 80 to 90 percent sand, 10 to 20 percent clay 111 - 113 quartz sandy clay, white, very fine to fine grained, trace phosphate, driller's note: rods fell in about a foot 115 - 135 quartz sandy clay with iron staining, pink, very fine grained 135 - 137 clayey sand with iron staining and trace phosphate, dark brown

Peace River Formation 140 - 142 clayey sand, very dark greenish gray, trace phosphate (1 percent), trace limestone, Arcadia Formation 145 - 147 as above, very fine grained quartz, very fine grained phosphate (10 percent) 147 - 150 white limestone chips with medium grained phosphatic sand and shell fragments.

undifferentiated Arcadia Formation 150 - 160 light gray limestone with pebble-sized phosphate, as above 165 light gray limestone, as above very pale brown to white limestone with grayish brown clayey sand, pebble-sized phosphate grains and shell fragments, driller's 170 note: partial loss of circulation as above, more yellowish to tannish limestone fragments, less bluish clay, less pebble-sized phosphate, more shell fragments, 176 - 180 driller's note: drilling through hard rock as above, more light gray limestone fragments, fine-grained phosphate, fossil and shell fragments. Possible Amphistegina les- 180 - 185 soni 185 - 190 light gray clayey limestone fragments, phosphate pebbles, fine-grained phosphate and quartz, shell fragments 190 - 200 bluish gray to light olive gray clay with limestone fragments, trace quartz, phosphate, and fossils 200 light olive gray clay, limestone and fossil fragments, trace quartz and phosphate

205 yellow to grayish brown limestone, some pebble-sized phosphate, no apparent shell fragments, driller's note: white clay 208 light yellowish brown limestone, fewer phosphate pebbles

Ocala Limestone 218 light gray limestone fragments, shell fragments, and mud, very fossiliferous, no phosphate, Lepidocycline ocalana 230 - 300 as above, some trace phosphate, less mud, fossil fragments become more abundant and broken up with depth Hydrogeology 9 fossil fragments, trace quartz, and phosphate is present. White age undifferentiated sand and clay unit is present from land clay is present at 205 feet bls. Yellowish tan to light yellowish surface to 35 feet bls. The interval from land surface to 3 brown limestone with few phosphate pebbles is present from feet bls consists of very fine grained quartz, subangular sand 208 to 218 feet bls. with black organics. From 3 to approximately 35 feet bls, the The Miocene age Peace River Formation is present from lithology consists of white, very fine grained quartz sand. The 140 to 150 feet bls. The top of the Formation was chosen sediments were wet at 21 feet bls. at the first instance of very dark greenish gray, clayey sand, with approximately one percent trace phosphate and trace limestone. At 145 feet bls, the phosphate increases to approximately 10 percent and is fine-grained. White, shelly limestone Hydrogeology chips were encountered at 147 feet bls. The Cypresshead Formation is present at the Lake The characterization presented below is based on the Amoret well site from 35 to 140 feet bls. The top of the For- lithology encountered during split-spoon sampling, the grab mation was chosen based on the presence of iron-stained, very samples collected during well construction, and the groundwa- fine grained, quartz sandy clay, that is orange in contrast to the ter levels in the wells. Two aquifers were identified at the Lake primarily white sand samples in the overlying undifferenti- Amoret well site: the surficial aquifer and the Upper Floridan ated sand and clay sediments. At 38 feet bls, variable supple- aquifer. A confining unit separates the two aquifers (fig. 6). mental clay (less than 20 percent) is present in the sand, and The surficial aquifer is the shallowest hydrologic unit the clayey sand then grades to a very pale brown, very fine present at the Lake Amoret well site. It extends from land sur- grained quartz sand to a depth of 80 feet bls. The sample at 80 face to 111 feet bls and is unconfined. The aquifer is contained feet bls suggests a clayey sand bed with higher clay content within the undifferentiated sand and clay unit and the Cypress- than the rest of the samples in this unit (30 to 40 percent). head Formation. On August 17, 2017, the groundwater level in From 85 to 111 feet bls, white, very fine grained, clayey quartz the surficial aquifer monitor well was measured at 9.81 feet bls sand with organics is present. The Cypresshead Formation (107.29 feet NAVD 88). extends to a depth of 140 feet bls where dark brown, iron- A confining unit is located between 111 and 218 feet bls strained, clayey sand with trace phosphate is present. in the low-permeability clays of the Cypresshead Formation, At the Lake Amoret well site, the Pliocene to Holocene the Peace River Formation, and mixed clays and limestones of the undifferentiated Arcadia Formation. The confining unit separates the surficial aquifer from the underlying Upper Flori- HYDRO- dan aquifer. GEOLOGIC GEOLOGIC The portion of the Upper Floridan aquifer encountered SERIES UNITS UNITS during well construction extends from 218 feet to beyond the depth of exploration and is contained within the Ocala 0 undifferentiated Limestone. The top of the unit is coincident with the top of the sand and clay Ocala Limestone. The bottom of the unit was not reached during well construction. On August 17, 2017, the groundwater 50 Pliocene - surficial Holocene aquifer level in the Upper Floridan aquifer monitor well was measured at 15.87 feet bls (101.23 feet NAVD 88). Cypresshead 100 Formation Late Pliocene Summary 150 Peace River Late Two monitor wells were constructed at the Lake Amoret Formation confining unit Oligocene - undifferentiated well site in Polk County, Florida during August 2017. The Early Arcadia wells were constructed as part of the CFWI to monitor 200 Miocene Formation groundwater levels in the surficial and Upper Floridan aquifers near Lake Amoret. The casing and total depth of the surficial aquifer monitor well are 10 and 80 feet bls, respectively. The Upper 250 Ocala casing and total depth of the Upper Floridan aquifer monitor Late Eocene Floridan Limestone well are 200 and 300 feet bls, respectively. The groundwater DEPTH BELOW LAND SURFACE, IN FEET aquifer levels in the two wells differed by 6.06 feet on August 17, Total Depth is 300 feet 2017. Both wells are secured with lockable metal well covers 300 and equipped for long-term groundwater level monitoring. The hydrogeology of the well site was determined from Figure 6. Stratigraphic column detailing the hydrogeologic split-spoon samples that were collected prior to well con- setting at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida. struction and grab samples that were collected during well 10 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida construction of the Upper Floridan aquifer monitor well. The geologic units encountered at the site are: Ocala Limestone from 218 feet bls to beyond the total depth of exploration at 300 feet bls, undifferentiated Arcadia Formation from 150 to 218 feet bls, Peace River Formation from 140 to 150 feet bls, Cypresshead Formation from 35 to 140 feet bls, and the undifferentiated sand and clay deposits from land surface to 35 feet bls. The hydrogeologic units encountered at the site are: the surficial aquifer from land surface to 111 feet bls, a confining unit from 111 to 218 feet bls, and the Upper Floridan aquifer from 218 feet bls to beyond the total depth of exploration of 300 feet bls.

References

White, W.A., 1970, The Geomorphology of the Florida Penin- sula: Florida Geological Survey Geological Bulletin No. 51, 164 p. Yobbi, D.K., 1996, Analysis and Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in Lake Wales Ridge and Adjacent Areas of Central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investiga- tions Report 94-4254, 82 p. Appendix A 11

Appendix A. Scanned daily drilling logs taken during well construction at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida 12 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 13 14 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 15 16 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 17 18 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 19 20 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 21 22 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 23 24 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 25 26 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 27 28 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Appendix A 29 30 Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

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