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2/2008 Siirtolaisuus – Migration Sisältö • Contents 2/2008 35 Siirtolaisuus Migration 2/2008 Siirtolaisuus – Migration Sisältö • Contents 2/2008 35. vuosikerta / 35th year • Olavi Koivukangas ISSN 0355-3779 Siirtolaisuusinstituutin kirjaston- hoitaja Taimi Sainio eläkkeelle Julkaisija / Publisher Siirtolaisuusinstituutti • Saara Louko Migrationsinstitutet “Is Native Language Decisive in The Institute of Migration Language Learning Results?” Linnankatu 61, 20100 Turku, Finland Puh. / tel. (0)2-2840 440 • Aini Pehkonen Fax (0)2-2333 460 Mentorointi maahanmuuttajan email: kirsai@utu.fi ammatillisen kehittymisen http://www.migrationinstitute.fi välineenä Pohjanmaan aluekeskus Österbottens regioncenter • Maria Levä Regional Centre of Ostrobothnia Ruotsinsuomalaisten suomalaisen Keikulinkuja 1, 61100 Pe rä sei nä jo ki, Finland identiteetin ulottuvuudet Puh. / tel. (0)44-2592447 2000-luvun alussa email: siirtolaisuusinstituutti@netikka.fi • Enrique Tessieri Päätoimittaja / Editor-in-Chief Colonia Finlandesa Olavi Koivukangas Toimitussihteeri / Editorial Assistant • Elli Heikkilä Kirsi Sainio Tutkimusjohtajan palsta Toimittajat / Editors • Markku Mattila Krister Björklund, Elli Heikkilä Aluepäällikön palsta Toimituskunta / Editorial Board Siirtolaisuusinstituutin hallitus • Tellervo Lahti Administrative Board of the Institute of Siirtolaisuusmuseon kuulumisia Migration Kirjat Böcker Books Taitto / Layout • • • Kirsi Sainio Tilaushinta 2008 / Subscriptions 2008 4 numeroa / nummer / issues 15 €/vuosi/år/year OP 571113-11117 Kansi/Cover: Kirjastonhoitaja Taimi Sainio läksijäisjuhlissaan 21.12.2007. Librarian Taimi Sainio at her retirement party VAMMALAN KIRJAPAINO OY 21st of December 2007. Kuva/Photo: Jouni Korkiasaari ii KKirjastonhoitajairjastonhoitaja TTaimiaimi SSainioainio eeläkkeelleläkkeelle 331.3.20081.3.2008 LLibrarianibrarian TaimiTaimi SainioSainio retiredretired 31st31st ofof MayMay 2008.2008. NewNew LibrarianLibrarian isis KirsiKirsi SainioSainio (not(not related).related). Taimi Sainio syntyi Jokioisissa. Siellä hänellä ei ollut mah- dollisuuksia lähteä opinteille vaan hän meni suoraan työelä- mään. Nuorena aikuisena hän tuli Turkuun töihin ja suoritti siinä sivussa yksityisesti yo-tutkinnon, mikä vaati melkois- ta sisua. Vuonna 1975 Taimi muutti Ruotsiin ja suoritti siellä kolmivuotisen äidinkielen opettajan tutkinnon ja opetti suo- menkieltä ruotsinsuomalaisten lapsille. Tähän luontaisen kie- likorvan lisäksi perustuu Taimin erinomainen suomenkielen taito. Taimi palasi Suomeen vuonna 1983, ja vuonna 1984 hän tuli Siirtolaisuusinstituuttiin, ensin harjoittelijaksi ja avusta- jaksi ja vähitellen kirjastonhoitajaksi. Hän sai haasteellisen tehtävän ryhtyä kehittämään instituutin kirjastoa, joka myös siirtyi pian ATK-aikaan instituutin muiden toimintojen ohel- la. Kirjaston organisoiminen ja kehittäminen on ollut Taimin suuria saavutuksia instituutissa. Sen lisäksi hän oli keskeisesti mukana toimittamassa Siirtolaisuus-Migration -lehteämme edustavaksi, kansain- väliseksi julkaisuksi. Minulle hän on ollut kullanarvoinen aarre sikäli, että hän on aina ystävällisesti korjannut kieliasun artikkeleihini ja juttuihini, joita jouduin tekemään yleensä suurella kiireellä. Taimi laittoi pilkut paikoilleen ja taivutti oikeat sanamuodot kohdilleen. Siitä haluan lausua hänelle lämpimät kiitokset. Työsaavutusten lisäksi haluaisin mainita hänen positii- visen olemuksensa ja huumorintajunsa. Hän oli aina iloi- nen kuin peipponen, ja tämä positiivisuus säteili koko työ- ympäristöömme. Taimin aloitekykyä osoittaa myös se, että paavi Paulus II:n vieraillessa Turussa v. 1989, hän onnistui saamaan tältä poikamieheltä nimikirjoituksen. Siirtolaisuusinstituutin henkilökunta toivottaa Taimille mitä parhainta jatkoa elämän uusiin seikkailuihin! ”Elämä on matkaa itsessä ja muiden ihmisten kanssa” Kiitos Taimi että olet matkannut kanssamme yhdessä 24 vuotta! Uutena kirjastonhoitajana aloitti Kirsi Sainio Uutena kirjastonhoitajana ja lehden toimitussihteerinä Tai- min jalanjäljissä on aloittanut Kirsi Sainio (ei kuitenkaan sukua Taimi Sainiolle). Olavi Koivukangas Siirtolaisuus-Migration 2/2008 “Is Native Language Decisive in Language Learning Results?” A study on acculturation and the effect of language distance: Finnish and Dutch migrants in Australia compared Saara Louko Up until 1979 when Austral- The respondents and the the Dutch migrants benefi t from ia introduced stricter language hypotheses the linguistic similarity between requirements for the new immi- English and Dutch - an advantage grants it was not uncommon for For the comparison I collected the Finns lack as their language is migrants to arrive in Austral- answers from native speakers of unrelated to the target language. ia with little or no knowledge of Dutch and native speakers of Finn- Dutch and English are both Indo- English. Yet most of these adult ish. The other criteria for choosing European languages while Finnish migrants acquired language the respondents were that they belongs to a completely different skills that enabled them to lead would have to be fi rst-generation group of Uralic languages. an independent and full life in migrants and that they had arrived The empiric data was collected Australia. in Australia in the 1950s, the 1960s through two online questionnaires: However, for various reasons or the 1970s. My working hy- one for the Dutch and the other for these migrants have achieved va- pothesis was that the two migrant the Finnish speakers. I received al- rying levels of proficiency. Na- groups, the Finnish and Dutch together 46 responses, out of which turally differences can be found speakers, would differ consider- 20 came from Finnish and 26 from between individual learners, but ably in their level of acculturation, Dutch speakers. The sex ratio in the different migrant groups also current profi ciency in English, and the answers from the Finns was show divergent tendencies. Whe- attitudes concerning native lan- balanced, but among the Dutch reas the Dutch are generally con- guage effect on learning English. respondents the men were slightly sidered to be successful English I assumed Finnish speakers to overrepresented. In my study 72 learners, the image of Finnish be slightly more distant from the percent of all respondents were now migrants is quite the opposite. Australians due to their consider- in their sixties or older, and on aver- The objective of this study was able ethnic vitality and diffi culties age they had lived in Australia now to explore this matter further by with acquiring the target language, for 42 years. Altogether 15 percent comparing two groups of adult English. I believe the Finns’ cul- of the respondents had prior migra- migrants which in many respects tural introversion and the diffi cul- tion experience. In my data a quar- seem quite similar, but differ in ties in English acquisition to be ter of the Finns had lived in another terms of native language. interdependent phenomena. foreign country before settling in My second assumption was Australia. that for the most part learning Eng- The questionnaires I prepared Saara Louko is Master of Philo- lish comes more easily to Dutch- for this study addressed matters sophy (since 1.5.2008) Pro gradu speakers and that the cultural sim- that are viewed to be central in sec- -research Learning English: Fin- ilarities between the Netherlands ond language acquisition (SLA) or nish and Dutch Migrants in Aust- and Australia assist this acquisi- indicative of the migrants’ level of ralia Compared (2007). tion process. I also believed that acculturation. I was particularly in- 2 "Is Native Language Decisive in Language Learning Results?" Opinions on L1 influence on SLA Finns vs. the Dutch helped 33,3 % 15,8 % Dutch no effect 66,7 % 57,9 % Finns hindered 26,3 % answers in proportion with respective L1-group Abbreviations SLA second language acquisition; the process of learning a new language TL target language; the language studied by the learner L1 native language L2 second language; typically a foreign language terested in the subjects’ social life The acculturation process is of- been the overriding diffi culty in in- and everyday communication. The ten easier for migrants who come tegrating. My own data also indi- respondents were asked to evaluate from a cultural background simi- cated that the Dutch were socially their current English profi ciency lar to that of the host society. This more integrated with the core-pop- and to estimate how diffi cult the is because they are able to recover ulation than the Finns. A third of SLA process had been for them. In from the inevitable cultural shock the Dutch reported that they speak one of the questions the respond- faster, and after this recovery they only English with their friends, but ents were asked whether they felt can either assimilate with the host none of the Finns gave a similar re- that their native language had hin- society or adapt themselves to sponse. At work only 3.8 percent dered or assisted learning English. it. When the cultural distance is of the Dutch relied on communica- small, adapting oneself to the new tion in their native language either environment is relatively easy and partly of wholly, against 15 per- Integration the same applies to language learn- cent of the Finns. ing and language distance. In a nut- SLA is often also linked with Social integration and second lan- shell, the more similarities there attitudes and motivation. My study guage acquisition among migrants are between the languages and the indicated that the Finns had very are undoubtedly intertwined phe- cultures the easier
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