New Literature

Denmark various fields meet in an inspiring Gives a survey of Scandinavian tele- exchange of concepts and ideas, pro- vision and its transition from a sys- Bromhead, Toni de: Looking two viding a substantial contribution to tem of public service monopolies to ways: documentary’s relationship our understanding of “audiences”. a multichannel system with satellite with cinema and reality. Århus, In- Contains among other things the stations, national private stations, tervention Press, 1996, 148 p., ISBN following articles: Introduction (Si- public service stations, and local 87-89825-13-6. gurjon Baldur Hafsteinsson), Less is stations, including a study of the In this study of fiction and docu- more: media ethnography and its production of Scandinavian televi- mentary film-making, the author limits (Kirsten Drotner), Television sion fiction. challenges the traditional distinction as a moral issue (Pertti Alasuutari), between documentary and fiction, Text and context in ethnographic Prehn, Ole: From cultural and demo- claiming that perceiving the distinc- film: or ”To whom it may concern” cratic ambitions to the hardships of tion as an opposition between real- (Peter Ian Crawford), Meanings, the marketplace: the development of local radio in Scandinavia. Aalborg, ity and fantasy no longer seems use- texts, contexts: tracing the spectator Aalborg Universitet, 1996, 13 p., ful. in post-structuralist film theory (Vei- (Aalborg Universitet, Institut for jo Hietala). Kommunikation). Note: Proposal for Crawford, Peter I. (ed.); Hafsteins- a paper to be presented at the IV son, Sigurjon Baldur (ed.): The con- Conference on ”European Culture”, IT in figures 1996 – 23 pictures of struction of the viewer: media ethno- Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, the info-society: (appendix to the IT graphy and the anthropology of October 23-26 1996. audiences. Århus, Intervention policy statement and action plan Press, 1996, 310 p., ISBN 87-89825- 1996). København, Ministry of Re- On the development of local radio 06-3, (Proceedings from NAFA; 3), search and Information Technology, in the Scandinavian countries. The ISSN 0907-2454. 1996, 64 p., ISBN 87-90007-50-6. paper describes the development of (Forskningsministeriet). Note: Transl. In recent years audience research in from Danish by: Svend Vesterli and structure and policy in the three cinema and media studies has tur- Jason King. countries and shows how ongoing ned to ethnography to find ways in The report is part of the basis of the liberalisation in order to secure the which qualitative research methods thinking presented in this year’s IT stations economically has totally could be improved in attempts to policy statement and action plan changed the envisaged development reach beyond the limitations of ”The info-society for all – the Danish into a situation, where the cultural quantitative research. Visual anthro- model”. and democratic merits of local radio pology, on the other hand, has in- has been marginalised as a fringe activity. creasingly searched theoretical in- Nielsen, Poul Erik: Scandinavian spiration in fields outside anthro- television fiction in transition. År- pology itself, including cinema and hus, Århus Universitet, 1996, 15 p., The info-society for all – the Danish media studies as well as documen- (Århus Universitet, Institut for In- model: IT policy statement 1996 to formations- og Medievidenskab). tary film theory. In this volume, con- Note: Paper presented to the Con- the Folketing and IT policy action taining both general theoretical work ference Eurofiction, Firenze, April plan 1996. København, Ministry of and more specific case studies, the 1996. Research and Information Techno-

1 logy, 1996, 72 p., ISBN 87-90007- readers in the 1990s. In: Nava, Mica; Bondebjerg), Glamour, ghetto, and 49-2. (Forskningsministeriet). Note: Blake, Andrew; MacRury, Iain; e.a. wasteland: Los Angeles as film back- (eds.): Buy this book: studies in ad- Transl. from Danish by: Svend Ves- vertising and consumption, London, drop (Torben Kragh Grodal), Reel terli and Jason King. Routledge, 1997, 355 p., ISBN 0- cities and sound scapes (Palle 415-14131-1, pp. 276-290. Schantz Lauridsen), Mapping the The report is the Government’s state- Starting from the fact that there has unseen: the spatial construction of ment of IT policy to the Danish Par- sound and musical space (Birger liament following up the results of been a significant increase in Bri- Langkjær), The forms of film hu- the first IT policy action plan issued tish corporate responsibility adver- in March 1995, which raised for tisements between 1981 and 1991, mour: three examples of satire (Len- discussion new political targets and the article analyses what happens nard Højbjerg), Media movies: a hy- initiatives. when this increased number of cor- perconscious aesthetic of film (Helle Tomaselli, Keyan G.: Appropriating porate responsibility ads meet their Kannik Haastrup), Documentary images: the semiotics of visual re- readers. Do readers notice them at film: reflections of one hundred presentation. Århus, Intervention years’ use of a medium (Karsten Fle- Press, 1996, 332 p., ISBN 87-89825- all? Do they notice that they are not 05-5. ”ordinary ads”? And what sense do delius). A study of visual anthropology and they make of them – do they read ethnographic film-making. Firstly, them in the spirit in which the cor- by using a single interpretive para- porate communicators conceptua- Finland digm – derived from semiotics – to lised them, or do they reject the discuss a wide variety of documen- claims made for corporate concern, Huovila, Tapani: Layout as a mes- tary films and some of the issues invitations to dialogue, etc? sage. Jyväskylä, Jyväskylän ylio- pisto, 1996, 84 p., ISBN 951-34- which have most bedevilled the dis- Tybjerg, Casper (ed.); Schepelern, 0834-5, (Publications of the Depart- cussion of film by visual anthro- Peter (ed.): Special issue: A century ment of Communication; 15). pologists. Secondly, by an explicit of cinema. Sekvens. Filmvidenska- The author of this work examines concern with the political context belig Årbog (1995/1996), temanum- the layout and graphic design in within which anthropologists and mer, 204 p., ISBN 87-89505-15-8, newspapers, magazines and perio- ethnographic film-makers do their ISSN 0106-2484. (Københavns Uni- versitet, Institut for Film- og Medie- dicals. He looks at the choosing of work. videnskab). visual elements and design for this The yearbook looks back on a cen- kind of publications. He also dis- Utterström, Thomas: Commercial communications: report from a semi- tury of films and film shows. Within cusses the typography, or different nar in Stockholm, 26th of August its covers, it comprises articles on types of texts, as well as layout and 1996. København, Nordic Council cinema history that survey some of the use of colours. of Ministers, 1997, 56 p., ISBN 92- its long lines and others that take a 9120-993-7, (TemaNord; 1997:505), close view of some of its small de- Karttunen, Sari: Suomessa liikkuvat (Consumer), ISSN 0908-6692. (Nor- tails, as well as articles where the liikkuvat kuvat 1996: tilastoja tele- disk Ministerråd). visio-, elokuva- ja videotarjonnasta main focus is less on past history In November 1992 the European ja televisio-ohjelmien viennistä = than on present theoretical issues. Commission decided to review its Moving images in Finland 1996. Contains the following articles: (Moving images in Finland in 1996: future policy approach in the field statistics on television, cinema and of what was called commercial com- Becoming culture: cinema friends video programmes and export of te- munications. The Commission de- and cinema enemies (Peter Sche- levision programmes.) Helsinki, Ti- cided that this review should be pub- lastokeskus, 1996, 80 p., (Kulttuuri pelern), The influence of European lic in the form of a Green paper. The ja viestintä; 1996, 1 ), ISSN 0784- feature films in the United States 8765. (Statistics Finland). Note: aim of this report is to form a basis 1909-1914 (Thomas Christensen), English summary pp. 41-50, Tables for a discussion of the Green paper. Old legends in modern dress: Faust also in English It seems natural that the seminar and in Danish silent film (Casper Ty- This report deals with the audio- the final report can be used as a basis bjerg), American fan magazinens in visual offerings of mass media from for national comments on the Green the ‘30s and the glamorous con- the point of view of television, vi- paper. struction of femininity (Anne Jers- deo and film in Finland. The author lev), Film comedy, modernization, has examined especially the films Schrøder, Kim Christian: Cynicism and ambiguity: British corporate res- and gender roles: aspects of roman- available at film festivals, in film ponsibility advertisements and their tic comedy in Danish cinema (Ib centres, in clubs and in municipal

2 film projections. In speaking of the Sauri, Tuomo: Joukkoviestinnän ra- their tentative new interventions on video offerings, the report also exa- kenne ja talous 1986-1995/96 = De- this topic. velopment of the mass media in Fin- mines the video loan services pro- land 1986-1995/6. (Development of vided by public libraries. the mass media in Finland 1986- Lowe, Gregory Ferrell; Alm, Ari: 1995/6.) Helsinki, Tilastokeskus, Public service broadcasting as cultu- Kempf, Wilhelm; Luostarinen, 1997, 63 p., ISBN 951-727-291-X, ral industry: value transformation in Heikki: New world order rhetorics: (Kulttuuri ja viestintä; 1996, 2), the Finnish market-place. 12 (1997) a comparative study of American and ISSN 0784-8765. (Statistics Finland) 2, ISSN 0267-3231, pp. 169-191. European media during the Gulf war. Note: Summary pp. 52-59, tables Value transformation in Finland’s (Konstanz), (Universität Konstanz), also in English. public service broadcasting com- 1997, 11 p., (Diskussionsbeiträge This publication analyses the struc- pany, Yleisradio is analysed as a der Projektgruppe Friedensforsch- ung, Projekt 13/85 & 590/95, Uni- ture of Finnish mass communication professional market connected with versität Konstanz; 35, 1). and the changes in it, as well as its political, popular and open markets. economy during the past decade. The This study looks at reporting of the In the focus there are two questions: author examines newspapers, maga- Gulf war in the American and Euro- 1) what are the essential elements zines, books, television, radio, re- pean press. This is done by means of Yleisradio as a public service cordings, video and film and their of quantitative content analysis, company in its national context? and advertising, their markets and pro- where the objects of examination are 2) how are these specific elements duction as well as changes in the leading articles and news material produced and reproduced over time? ownership of enterprises in the fields from newspapers. of printed and electric communi- Pietilä, Veikko: Deep surfaces: ad- cation. vancing the interpretative analysis Kohvakka, Rauli; Huttunen, Markku: of television news. Communications: Audiovisual production and interna- the European journal of communi- Zilliacus-Tikkanen, Henrika: Jour- tional co-productions in Finland. cation research 21(1996)2, ISSN nalistikens essens i ett könsperspek- Helsinki, Tilastokeskus, 1997, 107 0341-2059, pp. 135-153. p., ISBN 951-727-288-X, (Kulttuuri tiv. (The essence of journalism in a ja viestintä; 1997, 1), ISSN 0784- gender perspective.) Helsinki, Yleis- Recently, the focus of the study of 8765. (Statistics Finland) radion tasa-arvotoimikunta, 1997, news has shifted from information 200 p., (Yleisradion tasa-arvotoimi- This English publication is a com- to the meanings news stories pro- kunnan julkaisuja, Sarja A; 1997, 1), bination of two earlier reports in the ISSN 1235-0192. (Rundradions jäm- duce. However, the prominent role Culture and media-series: “Audio- ställdhetskommitté). Note: Doctoral that interaction between verbals and visual film and programme produc- dissertation. English summary, pp. visuals as well as the story structure tion in Finland 1995" and “Interna- 151-164. have in the meaning production of tionally united programme action in Journalistkulturens och könets be- TV news has been neglected. That Finnish film production 1996" which tydelse i journalistisk produktion they occupy a key position in this have been available only in Finnish. diskuteras i denna doktorsavhand- recpect is shown in this article ling. Den handlar om nyheter och through re-analysis of two earlier Puro, Jukka-Pekka: Towards a phe- debattprogram i radio och TV, kvinn- studies and through scrutinization of nomenological theory of interper- liga journalister och ett kvinnligt a news story on the situation in Cuba sonal communication. Jyväskylä, journalistiskt perspektiv, om jour- in 1991. University of Jyväskylä, 1996, 214 p., ISBN 951-34-0686-5, (Jyväskylä nalistkulturens begränsningar och studies in communication; 6), ISSN kvinnojournalistikens möjligheter. Suhonen, Pertti: The media, polls 1238-2183. Note: Doctoral disser- and political process: the case of tation. Finland. European journal of com- munication 12(1997)2, ISSN 0267- The aim of this study is to explore Articles 3231, pp. 219-238. the metatheory of interpersonal com- The article presents a two-dimen- munication research. It will be done Koivisto, Juha; Väliverronen, Esa: Resurgence of the critical theories sional typology of opinion polls and by bibliometrical analysis. The au- of public sphere. Journal of commu- examines the role of different types thor argues that phenomenology may nication inquiry 20 (1996)2, ISSN of polling in the Finnish political offer an useful perspective in a re- 0196-8599, pp. 18-36. system. That role was considerably search field which is metatheore- This article critically looks at Haber- stregthened in the early 1990s when tically fragmented. mas’, Negt’s and Kluge’s established there occured two elections in the theories of public sphere as well as same year: the presidential elections

3 and the referendum on Finland’s EU Norway hammer Olympics in Norway (Roel membership. The article concludes Puijk), Lillehammer love affairs: US with a discussion on the relationship images of Norway in the 1994 Winter Eide, Martin (ed.); Gentikow, Bar- between democracy, polling and bara (ed.); Helland, Knut (ed.): Qua- Olympics (Lauren Danner), Playing public opinion. lity television. Bergen, Universitetet the game: the Lillehammer Winter i Bergen, 1997, 231 p., ISBN 82- Olympics on British television and Technau, Claudius: Das Finnische 578-0365-0, (Rapport; 30), ISSN in the UK national press (Raymond Rundfunksystem im Wandel: Ver- 0801-2814. (Universitetet i Bergen, Boyle and Hugh O’Donnell), Wes, stärker Wettbewerb nach Struktur- Institutt for medievitenskap). we love this land that looms: the reform. Media Perspektiven (1997)3, The report is a collection of eight ISSN 0170-1754, pp. 157-164. Lillehammer Winter Olympics in the articles on quality in television, and Scottish press (Hugh O’Donnell), The article concerns development consists of three parts: I: The quality The people’s games: the Norwegian and present situation of broadcasting debate: Vices and virtues, II: Qua- image in the UK before and after in Finland. In the 1990s public ser- lities of television, III: Voices of the Winter olympics (Raymond vice broadcasting has met new chal- viewers: Television’s holy grail: se- Boyle; Nancy Morris and Kay Wea- lenges in the form of new channels, ven types of quality (Geoff Mulgan), ver), Skating round the edges: mu- cable television, satellites and local ”Quality” and television: histories tual peripherality in Dutch coverage media. The author also discusses and contexts (John Corner), Qua- of the Lillehammer Olympics (Joep briefly situation of newspaper busi- lities of vision: looking for virtues Debeij, and Roel Puijk), Between ness. and the virtues of looking (Graham archaism and modernism: a French Murdock), The aesthetics of televi- vision of Norway (Francoise Papa), Varis, Tapio: Communication com- sion, the quality of television: on petence and the information society. Sporting success and political fai- Zer: revista de estudios de comu- distinctions and relations of pro- lure: sport as a metaphor for Italian nicación (1997)mayo, ISSN 1137- gramme form and quality of address politics (Mia Finrud Di Tota), Their 1102, pp. 11-18. (Jørgen Stigel), The ”sideplays” aes- Olympics, our television: the histo- The article discusses the importance thetics: on popularity and quality in rical scene and adventure of the of new cultural and media literacy a Danish film maker’s television suc- 1994 Winter Olympics media cove- and competence in the use of the cess (Gunhild Agger), Smiling rage in Lithuania (Vilija Gudonie- media and nets. It tries to answer through the lonesome rain: weather ne). what do we understand by these new forecast on Nordic television (Hen- forms of literacy and what kind of rik Juel) The viewer’s voice in the role they play in the information discussion of quality (Barbara Genti- Articles society. kow), Children’s television pro- grammes in a qualitative perspective Ramírez-Ospina, Alvaro: García Márquez en el cine. Kinetoscopio. Varis, Tapio: Finland’s route down (Karin Hake). La Revista De Cine. 7(1996)38, ISSN the information highway. In: The 0121-3776, pp. 88-94. North Calotte Library Conference Puijk, Roel (ed.): Global spotlights The author discusses different adap- proceedings: the new media in Nor- on Lillehammer: how the world vie- tiones of Gabriel García Márquez’ thern culture, Rovaniemi, University wed Norway during the 1994 Winter of Lapland, 1996, ISBN 951-634- Olympics. Luton, John Libbey Me- literature to film, and the problems 533-6, (Arktisen keskuksen tiedot- dia, 1997, 285 p., ISBN 1-86020- and challenges that presents. teita; 15), pp. 25-31. 520-8. Note: A compilation of nine The author examines the ideas of articles and opening and closing no- Ramírez-Ospina, Alvaro: The carni- the information superhighway pre- tes from the editor. valesque and Colombian television comedy series. In: Talvet, Jüri (eds.): sented in the United States and Fin- The book discusses the image of the The language of the grotesque, land’s own role in the development host country of the 1994 Winter Tartu, Tartu University Press, 1997, of the information society. He looks Olym pics in Lillehammer, Norway, 339 p., ISBN 9985-56-247-x, (Inter- at the different premises and stra- and how it was received during the litteraria; 1997, 2), ISSN 1406-0701, tegies of the American and the Eu- Game by eight different countries. pp. 327-335. ropean development. The author The book is partly a result of the The author uses Mikhail Bakhtin’s takes up the confrontation he sees research project ‘The cultural dimen- notion of the carnivalesque to ana- firstly between Europe and the Uni- sions of the 1994 Olympic Games’. lyse Latin American cultural produc- ted States and secondly between the From parish pump to global village: tion in general, and Colombian tele- United States and Japan. planning and receiving the Lille- vision comedy series in particular.

4 Papers Hagen, Ingunn: Media reception re- journalistik, medier och kommuni- search and cognitive psychology. kation, Stockholms universitet, Hagen, Ingunn: Communicating to Trondheim, Norges teknisk-natur- 1996, 16 p. an ideal audience: news and the vitenskapelige universitet, 1996, 13 Treats crime reporting in four Swe- notion of ”informed citizen”. Trond- p. + app., (NTNU, Psykologisk in- heim, Norges teknisk-naturvitenska- stitutt; Cognition, Media and Au- dish dailies (Arbetarbladet, Dagens pelige universitet, 1995, 25 p., diences, Oslo, 1996). Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet and (NTNU, Psykologisk institutt; Jorna- Vestmanlands Läns Tidningar) a No- das internacionales de ciencias de The author discusses the relationship vember week, 1995, and executes a la información: Periodismo, poder y between reception analysis and new ciudadania (Journalism, power and trends in cognitive psychology. She comparative analysis of changes and citizenship), 10, Pamplona, 1995). explores the interrelationship be- trends in the crime reporting of the The author discusses the assumption tween meaning, mind/cognition and four dailies during the decades of of the ”informed citizen”. She first culture. the 20th century (1915–1995). looks on what it means to be ”infor- med”, then the meaning of being Lundby, Knut: Angelicans in Tsan- Roe, Keith; Muijs, Daniel: Literacy in the media age: results from the addressed as ”a citizen”, thirdly what zaguru: negotiating identity in a Zimbabwean ‘growth point’. Oslo, second wave of a longitudinal study feeling the viewers have regarding Universitetet i Oslo, 1997, 33 p., of children’s media use and edu- the news genre, and finally she draws (Universitetet i Oslo, Institutt for cational achievement. Department of conclusions about the potential of medier og kommunikasjon; Inter- Communication, Katholieke Univer- siteit, Leuven, 1997, 79 p., (Report; 2). news in informing citizens. national Association for Mass Com- munication Research, Oaxaca, Me- Presenting results from the research xico, 1997). Note: Paper delivered Hagen, Ingunn: Slaves of the ratings project Literacy in the media age, a in Section on participatory commu- tyranny?: media images of the au- large scale, longitudinal study of the nication research. dience. Trondheim, Norges teknisk- relationship between children’s me- naturvitenskapelige universitet, The author studies angelicans in dia use, literacy, and educational 1996, 21 p., (NTNU, Psykologisk Tsanzaguru, Zimbabwe, and how in- achievement. The design involves institutt; Crossroads in Cultural Stu- teraction through media shape the dies: An International Conference, three data collections, separated by formation of cultural identities Tampere, 1996). one year, from a panel consisting of where a distinct religious affiliation The author discusses what image 1001 children at the outset attending makes up a significant part of peop- various media hold of audiences. the 4th year of school. les orientation. He studies two in- First, she looks on notions of the fluences: The North American tele- public held by media employees like Rosengren, Karl Erik: Different sides vangelism programme The Interna- journalists and producers, focusing of the same coin: Access and gate- tional 700 Club and the charismatic keeping: a Personal Festschrift for on news production. Secondly, she movement within the traditional Denis McQuail. Sociologiska institu- discusses how media institutions re- tionen, Lunds universitet, 1997, 26 p. Zimbabwean church. late to the public, concentrating on A comparison between theories of television institutions. access and theories of gatekeeping is undertaken in terms of formal Hagen, Ingunn: Modern dilemmas: models. TV audiences’ time use and moral Sweden evaluation. Trondheim, Norges tek- nisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Economou, Konstantin: Represen- 1996, 21 p., (NTNU, Psykologisk ting politics – politicizing journa- Articles institutt; International Association lism: exploring communicative di- for Mass Communication Research, lemmas in the collegial relationship Ekecrantz, Jan: Journalism’s ’discur- 20, Sydney, 1996). Note: Paper to between journalists and politicians. sive events’ and sociopolitical chan- ”Consuming audiences? Production Tema K, Linköpings universitet, ge in Sweden 1925–87. Media, and reception in media research.” 1997, 10 p., (Media and Politics Culture & Society 19(1997)3, ISSN Joint panel of NEQTAR and Politi- Conference, Brussels, 1997). 0163-4437, pp. 393–412. cal economy. Investigates some of the discursive The study deals with the relationship The author explores how people po- strategies delineating the relation- between the journalistic news output sitions themselves as television vie- ship between the investigative jour- and the substantive society indif- wers, and what discourses they draw nalist and the politician. ferent historical situations. The study upon in this creation of identity. She is based on the content of four daily uses examples from her study of TV Pollack, Ester: Crime and journa- newspapers during one week in each viewing in Norway. lism 1915–1995. Institutionen för of the years 1925, 1955 and 1987.

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