Curso De Ciências Militares
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War
Fascist Italy's Aerial Defenses in the Second World War CLAUDIA BALDOLI ABSTRACT This article focuses on Fascist Italy's active air defenses during the Second World War. It analyzes a number of crucial factors: mass production of anti- aircraft weapons and fighters; detection of enemy aircraft by deploying radar; coordination between the Air Ministry and the other ministries involved, as well as between the Air Force and the other armed services. The relationship between the government and industrialists, as well as that between the regime and its German ally, are also crucial elements of the story. The article argues that the history of Italian air defenses reflected many of the failures of the Fascist regime itself. Mussolini's strategy forced Italy to assume military responsibilities and economic commitments which it could not hope to meet. Moreover, industrial self-interest and inter-service rivalry combined to inhibit even more the efforts of the regime to protect its population, maintain adequate armaments output, and compete in technical terms with the Allies. KEYWORDS air defenses; Air Ministry; anti-aircraft weapons; bombing; Fascist Italy; Germany; radar; Second World War ____________________________ Introduction The political and ideological role of Italian air power worked as a metaphor for the regime as a whole, as recent historiography has shown. The champions of aviation, including fighter pilots who pursued and shot down enemy planes, represented the anthropological revolution at the heart of the totalitarian experiment.1 As the Fascist regime had practiced terrorist bombing on the civilian populations of Ethiopian and Spanish towns and villages before the Second World War, the Italian political and military leadership, press, and industrialists were all aware of the potential role of air 1. -
US Fifth Army History
FIFTH ARMY HISTORY 5 JUNE - 15 AUGUST 1944^ FIFTH ARMY HISTORY **.***•* **• ••*..•• PART VI "Pursuit to the ^rno ************* CONFIDENTIAL t , v-.. hi Lieutenant General MARK W. CLARK . commanding CONTENTS. page CHAPTER I. CROSSING THE TIBER RIVE R ......... i A. Rome Falls to Fifth Army i B. Terrain from Rome to the Arno Ri\ er . 3 C. The Enemy Situation 6 CHAPTER II. THE PURSUIT IS ORGANIZED 9 A. Allied Strategy in Italy 9 B. Fifth Army Orders 10 C. Regrouping of Fifth Army Units 12 D. Characteristics of the Pursuit Action 14 1. Tactics of the Army 14 2. The Italian Partisans .... .. 16 CHAPTER III. SECURING THE FIRST OBJECTIVES 19 A. VI Corps Begins the Pursuit, 5-11 June 20 1. Progress along the Coast 21 2. Battles on the Inland Route 22 3. Relief of VI Corps 24 B. II Corps North of Rome, 5-10 June 25 1. The 85th Division Advances 26 2. Action of the 88th Division 28 CHAPTER IV. TO THE OMBRONE - ORCIA VALLEY .... 31 A. IV Corps on the Left, 11-20 June 32 1. Action to the Ombrone River 33 2. Clearing the Grosseto Area 36 3. Right Flank Task Force 38 B. The FEC Drive, 10-20 June 4 1 1. Advance to Highway 74 4 2 2. Gains on the Left .. 43 3. Action on the Right / • • 45 C. The Capture of Elba • • • • 4^ VII page CHAPTER V. THE ADVANCE 70 HIGHWAY 68 49 A. IV Corps along the Coast, 21 June-2 July 51 1. Last Action of the 36th Division _^_ 5 1 2. -
Archaeology of Identity – Archäologie Der Identität Österreichische Akademie Der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historische Klasse Denkschriften, 406
WALTER POHL/MATHIAS MEHOFER (HG.) ARCHAEOLOGY OF IDENTITY – ARCHÄOLOGIE DER IDENTITÄT ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE DENKSCHRIFTEN, 406. BAND FORSCHUNGEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DES MITTELALTERS BAND 17 HERAUSGEGEBEN VOM INSTITUT FÜR MITTELALTERFORSCHUNG ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE DENKSCHRIFTEN, 406. BAND FORSCHUNGEN ZUR GESCHICHTE DES MITTELALTERS BAND 17 Archaeology of Identity – Archäologie der Identität HERAUSGEGEBEN VON WALTER POHL / MATHIAS MEHOFER Vorgelegt von w. M. WALTER POHL in der Sitzung am 20.Juni 2008 Gedruckt mit Unterstützung durch den Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung Umschlaggestaltung: Dagmar Giesriegl British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A Catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN 978-3-7001-6502-6 Copyright © 2010 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Satz und Layout: Gerald Reisenbauer, ÖAW Druck und Bindung: Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., A-3580 Horn Printed and bound in the EU http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6502-6 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at C SANÁD BÁLINT A contribution to research on ethnicity: a view from and on the east THE STATE OF RESEARCH The results of modern research on ethnicity have not yet reached specialists of the early medieval Eurasian steppe in Eastern Europe (nor have the results of the latter reached the former). This has many reasons. First the most obvious: many of these publications remain unknown to Central and East European scholars either due to fi nancial reasons or the lack of connections or knowledge of languages. -
M3 0010.Frontespizio.Indd 1 03/04/13 15:37
M3_0010.frontespizio.indd 1 03/04/13 15:37 M3_0010.frontespizio.indd 2 03/04/13 15:37 M3_0010.frontespizio.indd 3 03/04/13 15:37 © 2013 RCS Libri S.p.A., Milan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior consent of the publisher. Special Edition printed for Barilla G. e R. Fratelli S.p.A. Translation by Aaron Maines Images courtesy © Barilla Historical Archives The publisher has made every effort to locate and contact all the holders of copyright to material reproduced in this book. The publisher remains available to address any rights that have not been fully identified. M3_0020.copy_PS.indd 4 03/04/13 15:37 M3_0030.occhiello.indd 5 03/04/13 15:38 M3_0030.occhiello.indd 6 03/04/13 15:38 For my friend Pietro. Francesco Alberoni M3_0040.dedica.indd 7 03/04/13 15:38 M3_0040.dedica.indd 8 03/04/13 15:38 INTRODUction I first met Pietro Barilla in the 1970s, worked as his consultant throughout his life, and was with him during his final days. When his children Guido, Luca, Paolo and Emanuela asked me to write their father’s biography, I thought it over for a long time. A biog- raphy is usually the work of a historian, someone who tells the sto- ry of a famous person’s life by rebuilding it as precisely as possi- ble, making the subject seem as close as possible, present in such a way that whoever reads the biography feels like a participant in his or her life. -
Dissertation
DISSERTATION Brasilien am Vorabend des Zweiten Weltkrieges Eine Situationsanalyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der “Força Expedicionária Brasileira” Mag. Nicolas Forster, MBA angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 312 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Geschichte Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. (i. R.) Dr. Wolfdieter Bihl 2 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort und Einleitung 6 Brasilien in den Dreissiger Jahren Eine innenpolitische Bestandsaufnahme 1. Brasiliens Lage und Entwicklung nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg 12 2. Vorgeschichte und Hintergründe der Revolution von 1930 21 2.1. Anspruch und Wirklichkeit der Revolution 23 2.2. Die Panamerikanischen Konferenzen von Santiago de Chile 1923 über 28 Havanna 1928 bis Montevideo 1933 – Brasilien will vermitteln 2.3. Argentinien und Brasilien – ein schwieriges Verhältnis bessert sich 36 2.4. Die wirtschaftliche Lage 37 3. Der Estado Novo – Brasiliens Weg in die Diktatur 43 3.1. Grundzüge und Aufbau des Estado Novo 51 3.2. Die neuen Bande zu den totalitären Systemen Europas 57 3.3. Vargas´ Putsch und die Anfänge seines neuen Regimes 69 3.3.1. Innenpolitische Reaktionen 69 3.3.2. Verschiedene Meinungen zum Estado Novo im Ausland 74 4. Das brasilianische Militär 85 4.1. Zahlen und Fakten – eine Zustandsbeschreibung 85 4.2. Armee und Gesellschaft 87 4.3. Persönlichkeiten und ihre politischen Rollen 91 4.4 Neue Aufgabenfelder 97 4.5. Der Sonderfall Túlio Regis do Nascimento 99 Brasilien im Kraftfeld der rechten Ideologien Die Achsenmächte Deutschland und Italien als „freundliche Feinde“ 5. Brasiliens Stellung zum nationalsozialistischen Deutschland 101 5.1. Die deutsche Immigration im historischen Rückblick 101 5.2. Die wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit Brasilien – Deutschland 111 5.3. -
Avanti Savoia!
Forca Expedicionaria Brasileira (Brazilian Expeditionary Force) in Italy, 1944 to 1945 French Expeditionary Corps Expeditionary French By Ken Camel, Jonathan Forsey, and Wayne Turner UPDATED ON 20 JANUARY 2014 BRASIL 1 BRASIL The Cobra is Smokin’ BRASIL The Brazilian 1st Expeditionary Infantry Division (1st DIE, for Divisão de Infantaria Expedicionária) in WWII. One of the lesser known contributors to the allied cause, the started in early 1943 with the goal of fielding three Infantry Brazilian Division fought in Italy in the 1944-45 period. Divisions to be deployed in three echelons. However, the sheer size of the task in recruiting, training, THE BRAZILIAN ARMY equipping, and shipping, with a lack of sea transport, Brazil sent observers to the French Army in World War I ultimately resulted the FEB being one Infantry Division subsequently establishing a French Military Mission to assist st the Brazilian Army modernize towards the French model. (Divisão de Infantaria Expedicionária, or 1 DIE for The mission was terminated in 1939 with the start of the short), under General Mascarenhas de Moraes, and a fighter war. squadron of 25,334 men. Though small by most Allied country standards it represented a major effort for Brazil. The between war years saw the politics of Brazil move economically towards both the United States and Germany. The Division comprised the following Infantry Regiments: Getulio Vargas came to power with the backing of the Army • 1st Infantry Regiment (Sampaio) from the area of Rio de in 1929. As a dictator, Vargas was sympathetic to the economic Janeiro woes of Germany and during the thirties commerce between Brazil and the new Nazi regime quadrupled. -
Relatos De Guerra De Veteranos Da FEB
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA Memórias do front: Relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB Luciano Bastos Meron Salvador 2009 Luciano Bastos Meron Memórias do front: Relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eugênio Libano Soares Salvador 2009 __________________________________________________________________________ Meron, Luciano Bastos M567 Memórias do front: relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB / Luciano Bastos Meron. -- Salvador, 2009. 160 f. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eugênio Líbano Soares Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2009. 1. Guerra Mundial, 1939-1945 - Brasil. 2. Brasil. Força Expedicionária Brasileira 3. Memória. 4. Brasil – Política e Governo - 1939-1945. 5. Brasil – Exército – História II. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. III.Título. CDD – 940.5381 ___________________________________________________________________________ Luciano Bastos Meron Memórias do front: Relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História Social, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eugênio Libano Soares BANCA -
A Participação Do Brasil Na Segunda Guerra Mundial E a Importância Da Liderança Em Conflitos Armados
Centro Universitário de Brasília Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais Relações Internacionais Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados Brasília Junho de 2011 Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados Monografia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais - Relações Internacionais do Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB) como pré-requisito para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cláudio Tadeu Cardoso Fernades Brasília Junho de 2011 O48i Oliveira, Gabriel Machado Borges de. A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados / Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira. – 2011. 96 f. Orientador: Cláudio Tadeu. Monografia de conclusão de curso (graduação) – Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB), Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais, Curso de Relações Internacionais, 2011. 1. Segunda Guerra Mundial. 2. Conflitos armados. 3. Líderes militares. 4. Brasil. I. Tadeu, Cláudio. II. Centro Universitário de Brasília. III. Título. Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados Monografia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais - Relações Internacionais do Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB) como pré-requisito para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cláudio Tadeu Cardoso Fernades _________________________________ Prof. Dr. Cláudio Tadeu _________________________________ Prof. Dr. Delmo Arguelhes _________________________________ Prof. Mestre. Marco Antônio Brasília, ______ de junho de 2011. Dedicatória A todos os ex-combatentes que saíram de suas casas para lutar por um Brasil melhor, e a todos os líderes, independente da área de atuação, que se dedicam para fazer com que suas equipes atinjam um objetivo comum. -
Combat Chronology of USAAF
1944 1/1/44 USSAFE USSAFE is established for operational control of Eighth and Fifteenth AFs. (See 22 Feb 44.)” 1/1/44 Eighth AF The Operational Research Section, organized at Hq VIII BC in Oct 43, is made a special staff section, accountable directly to the CoS. It is composed mostly of civilian specialists trained in statistical analy- sis and other disciplines pertinent to studying operations of a strat bombing force. The section subse- quently proves of great value in improving effectiveness of strat bombing. 1/1/44 AAFMTO Complete reorganization of USAAF units in MTO takes place: USAAFNATO is redesignated MTO (AAFMTO); XII AFSC becomes AAFSCMTO; III Air Serv Area Cmd (Sp) becomes XII AFSC; II Air Serv Area Cmd becomes XV AFSC; XII AF Engineer Cmd (Prov) becomes AAF Engineer Cmd, MTO (Prov); and XII AF Trg Cmd is changed to XII AF Trg and Repl Cmd. XII BC is reorganized as an MB organization (3 B-25 gps and the 3 B-26 gps of 42d Bomb Wg) under Gen Knapp. 1/1/44 Fifteenth AF The 3 remaining MB gps (B-26’s) of Fifteenth AF are transferred to Twelfth AF, leaving the Fifteenth with 6 HB (2d, 93d, 97th, 99th, 301st, 376th) and 4 ftr gps (1st, 14th, 82d, and 325th), or 4 B-17, 2 B- 24, 1 P-47, and 3 P-38 gps. 1/1/44 Tenth AF 6 B-25’s, along with 16 P-38’s, attack bridge on Mu R between Ywataung and Monywa. Maj Robert A Erdin, piloting the lead MB, pulls up during his bomb run to avoid a tree. -
San Marco” Della R.S.I
LA DIVISIONE FANTERIA DI MARINA “SAN MARCO” DELLA R.S.I. LE BATTAGLIE A DIFESA DELLA LINEA GOTICA I BATTAGLIONI “UCCELLI” E “BLOTTO” di Lanfranco Sanna Sulla Linea Gotica (riquadro 1), dove si affrontarono oltre un milione di uomini, furono combattute le più sanguinose battaglie della Campagna d’Italia, dal settembre 1944 all’aprile del 1945. Le forze contrapposte (unità italiane erano presenti in entrambe gli schieramenti) erano così suddivise: per i tedeschi: 350.000 combattenti29 e 120.000 ausiliari in seconda linea, distribuiti in 2 Armate, 5 Corpi d’Armata, 20 Divisioni e 2 Gruppi autonomi; per gli Alleati: 600.000 combattenti30 e 300.000 ausiliari in seconda linea, distribuiti in 2 Armate, 5 Corpi d’Armata, 21 31 DRAPPELLA DELLA DIVISIONE “SAN MARCO” Divisioni, 8 Brigate autonome e 3 RCT . RIQUADRO 1 LA LINEA GOTICA La Linea Gotica (in tedesco Gotenstellung, in inglese Gothic Line) era una linea difensiva debolmente fortificata e predisposta velocemente dal feldmaresciallo tedesco Albert Kesselring nel 1944, nel tentativo di rallentare l'avanzata dell'esercito alleato – comandato dal generale Harold Alexander – verso il nord Italia. Si estendeva dalla provincia di Apuania (l'attuale Massa e Carrara), fino alla costa adriatica di Pesaro, seguendo un fronte di oltre 300 chilometri. In particolare, per la zona che ci interessa, partiva dal Fiume Versilia-Forte dei Marmi, saliva sulle Apuane e dalla Pania della Croce, passava tra i paesi di Vergemoli, Gallicano, Treppignana, Colle Monte San Quirico (Il Ciocco odierno), Lama, Monte Uccelliera, Monte Romecchio, per poi andare all’Abetone e verso il crinale pistoiese-fiorentino. La Linea Gotica passava inizialmente a sud di Borgo a Mozzano, tra Decimo e FELDMARESCIALLO Anchiano, ed era molto più consistente, potendo contare su opere di fortificazione ALBERT KESSELRING permanente, campi minati, muri anticarro, trincee, piazzole di tiro, camminamenti protetti. -
«L'ultimo Dei Partigiani»
Liceo Cantonale di Lugano 1 Anno scolastico 2014/2015 Viale Carlo Cattaneo 4 Lavoro di Maturità (Storia) 6900 Lugano La parola al testimone L’uso di fonti orali per approfondire la conoscenza della storia «L'ULTIMO DEI PARTIGIANI» La testimonianza di Enzo Folezzani sull'esperienza partigiana nell'Appennino parmense. Docente responsabile Massimo Chiaruttini Simone Boraschi – IV°F Via Muraccio 6987 Caslano 2 Caro Enzo, in questi mesi ho avuto modo di ascoltare e di analizzare la tua storia. Sono molto contento di avere avuto questo onore, soprattutto perché, per me che ho i nonni di Palanzano, questo lavoro di maturità rappresentava qualcosa di più di un semplice lavoro scolastico. Ti ringrazio ancora per esserti messo a disposizione e spero che il lavoro possa piacerti. Buona lettura! Simone Boraschi 3 4 ABSTRACT Nell’Italia della seconda guerra mondiale, occupata dai nazisti, un giovane ragazzo emiliano viene costretto a scappare e a unirsi ai partigiani sui monti sopra a Parma, per sfuggire alla chiamata nell’esercito della Repubblica sociale italiana. La vicenda ha inizio nel paese di Langhirano, in provincia di Parma, e si concluderà il giorno della Liberazione a Parma. L’avventura in montagna lo mette in contatto con tutto il movimento resistenziale che si sta formando nell'estate del 1944 sugli Appennini emiliani. Oggetto del mio lavoro di ricerca è la raccolta di questa preziosa testimonianza in un’intervista audio-filmata. Questa intervista, analizzata mediante l’utilizzo di fonti orali e della ricerca storiografica, ha permesso di approfondire il periodo storico della Seconda guerra mondiale sul fronte italiano, con particolare attenzione alla zone della provincia di Parma. -
WORKS of ART in ITALY, Losses and Survival
WORKS OF ART IN ITALY Losses and Survivals in the War PART I—SOUTH OF BOLOGNA COMPILED FROM WAR OFFICE REPORTS BY THE BRITISH COMMITTEE ON THE PRESERVATION AND RESTITUTION OF WORKS OF ART, ARCHIVES AND OTHER MATERIAL IN ENEMY HANDS LONDON HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE 1945 PRICE Is. 6cl. NF.T FOREWORD SPEAKING of the 1talian situation in the House of Commons on the 24th May, 1944, the Prime Minister put into memorable words the anxieties shared by so many. "I lore is this beautiful country suffering the worst horrors of war, with the larger part- still in the cruel and vengeful grip of the Nazis, and with a hideous prospect of the red-hot rake of the battle-line being drawn from sea to sea right up the whole length of the peninsula". Since this ominous phrase was spoken the "red-hot rake" has ploughed its way northward from Cassino to a line just short of Bologna. The summary of information given here, which is based on the official reports issued by the Archaeological Adviser to the War Office, has been compiled to present some idea of what has been lost and what is safe. Many of the particulars here given have already appeared in the Press, but it is thought that many who are deeply concerned for the safety of Italian monuments may rind a compendium of this kind useful and to some extent reassuring. On July l0th, l943, the Allied forces landed in Sicily. The island was overrun in a little over a month, and on the whole the resultant damage was small.