Dissertation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dissertation DISSERTATION Brasilien am Vorabend des Zweiten Weltkrieges Eine Situationsanalyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der “Força Expedicionária Brasileira” Mag. Nicolas Forster, MBA angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 312 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: Geschichte Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. (i. R.) Dr. Wolfdieter Bihl 2 INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort und Einleitung 6 Brasilien in den Dreissiger Jahren Eine innenpolitische Bestandsaufnahme 1. Brasiliens Lage und Entwicklung nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg 12 2. Vorgeschichte und Hintergründe der Revolution von 1930 21 2.1. Anspruch und Wirklichkeit der Revolution 23 2.2. Die Panamerikanischen Konferenzen von Santiago de Chile 1923 über 28 Havanna 1928 bis Montevideo 1933 – Brasilien will vermitteln 2.3. Argentinien und Brasilien – ein schwieriges Verhältnis bessert sich 36 2.4. Die wirtschaftliche Lage 37 3. Der Estado Novo – Brasiliens Weg in die Diktatur 43 3.1. Grundzüge und Aufbau des Estado Novo 51 3.2. Die neuen Bande zu den totalitären Systemen Europas 57 3.3. Vargas´ Putsch und die Anfänge seines neuen Regimes 69 3.3.1. Innenpolitische Reaktionen 69 3.3.2. Verschiedene Meinungen zum Estado Novo im Ausland 74 4. Das brasilianische Militär 85 4.1. Zahlen und Fakten – eine Zustandsbeschreibung 85 4.2. Armee und Gesellschaft 87 4.3. Persönlichkeiten und ihre politischen Rollen 91 4.4 Neue Aufgabenfelder 97 4.5. Der Sonderfall Túlio Regis do Nascimento 99 Brasilien im Kraftfeld der rechten Ideologien Die Achsenmächte Deutschland und Italien als „freundliche Feinde“ 5. Brasiliens Stellung zum nationalsozialistischen Deutschland 101 5.1. Die deutsche Immigration im historischen Rückblick 101 5.2. Die wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit Brasilien – Deutschland 111 5.3. Kampf dem Kommunismus – ein gemeinsamer Nenner 118 3 6. Die deutsche Minderheit zwischen staatsbürgerlicher Loyalität und 127 Nationalsozialismus 6.1. Brasiliens Rolle für Deutschland 134 6.2. Hitlers Pläne für Südamerika 138 6.2.1. „Liebling“ Argentinien 142 6.3. Die NSDAP-AO: Organisation und Struktur 144 6.3.1. Auswirkungen in Brasilien 152 6.3.2. Die Nationalisierung in Brasilien von 1930 bis 1937 159 6.4. NS-Ideologie contra Integralismus 166 7. Der heimliche Krieg 168 7.1. Die Fünfte Kolonne 173 7.2. Deutsche Spionage im Überblick 177 7.2.1. Europäische „Exoten“: eine ungarische Spionageeinheit 180 7.2.2. Der Superspion 186 7.3. Konsequenzen der geheimdienstlichen Aktivitäten 188 8. Italien und Brasilien 195 8.1. Die italienische Immigration in Brasilien 195 8.2. Italiens diplomatische Unterwanderung 199 9. Erste Risse im Verhältnis Brasilien – Italien – Drittes Reich 212 9.1. Spannungen mit Italien 213 9.2. Die deutsche Minderheit wird zum Problemfall 217 9.2.1. Deutsche Reaktionen auf Einschränkung der Autonomie 219 9.3. Der integralistische Putsch und sein Scheitern 223 9.3.1. Reaktionen auf internationaler Ebene 225 9.3.2. Reaktion im Inneren 227 9.4. Folgen der Krise 233 10. Deutschland und Brasilien proben den Neuanfang 236 11. Der deutsche Siegeszug 1939-40 238 11.1. Die Lage in Europa 238 11.2. Die Lage in den USA 243 11.3. Brasiliens Umgang mit der neuen Situation 247 11.3.1. Vargas politische Träume 249 12. Retten was noch zu retten ist – Deutschland wechselt seinen Kurs 252 12.1. Weitere Annäherungen an Rio de Janeiro 253 12.2. Herrenlose Kolonien - Die Sonderkonferenz von Havanna 257 12.3. Schwere Probleme im deutsch-brasilianischen Innenverhältnis 261 4 Brasiliens Rückbesinnung auf seine Wurzeln - Panamerikanismus und Annäherung an die Vereinigten Staaten - 13. Amerikas Stellung auf dem Kontinent 263 13.1. Grundprobleme des Pan-Amerikanismus 263 13.2. Schwierigkeiten in der militärischen Zusammenarbeit 266 13.3. Die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung der USA 268 14. Der Einfluss Amerikas 272 14.1. Die erneute Kontaktaufnahme zwischen den USA und Brasilien 272 14.2. Die 8. Panamerikanische Konferenz - Lima 1938 274 14.3. Ein Sonderauftrag für Aranha 276 15. Schwierige Verhandlungen zwischen den USA und Brasilien 280 15.1. Umfang und Ziele der militärischen Zusammenarbeit 281 15.1.1 Die langersehnte Modernisierung der brasilianischen Armee 282 15.1.2. Eine gemeinsame Verteidigung für Amerikas Küsten 285 15.1.3. Die neue wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit 288 15.2. Probleme im der Zusammenarbeit 290 16. Die brasilianisch-amerikanischen Verträge 294 16.1. Die Wirtschaftsabkommen 294 16.2. Die überfällige Kontrolle der Luftfahrt 298 16.3. Probleme in der militärischen Zusammenarbeit 302 Brasilien am Scheideweg Auf verschlungenen Pfaden in den Krieg 17. Wohin geht Brasilien 307 17.1. Die Sonderkonferenz von Panama 308 17.2. Vorläufige Neutralität als Sondierungsmöglichkeit 316 17.3. Die Neutralitätsentscheidung Brasiliens als Nachteil der Achsenmächte 320 18. Amerikas Weg in den Zweiten Weltkrieg 324 18.1. Brasiliens erste Reaktion 324 18.2. Die Achsenmächte reagieren 326 18.3. Brasiliens erste Reaktion auf Pearl Harbor 330 19. Brasilien legt sich fest 335 19.1. Die Abwendung von den Achsenmächten und der Bund mit den USA 335 19.2. Die Konferenz von Rio de Janeiro – Januar 1942 338 19.3. Die Beziehungen zu den Achsenmächten nach der Konferenz 342 19.4. Neue Vereinbarungen zwischen den USA und Brasilien 343 19.4.1. Die strategischen und militärischen Pläne 344 19.4.2. Das Abkommen gegen die Achsenmächte 345 19.4.3. Die bilateralen Wirtschaftsabkommen 347 5 20. Die Achsenmächte und die neue Weltlage 352 20.1. Nachdenken über die Zeit „danach“: Integralismus und Achsenmächte 352 20.2. Die U-Boot-Attacken auf brasilianische Schiffe 355 20.3. Die Wirkung der U-Boot-Attacken auf die Öffentlichkeit 361 21. Die Kriegserklärung 370 21.1. Der Anfang vom Ende der Diktatur Vargas 376 21.2. Exkurs: Vargas dramatisches Ende 1954 378 22. Die “Força Expedicionária Brasileira” 381 22.1. Die Geschichte der FEB 382 22.1.1. Exkurs: João Batista Mascarenhas de Morais 390 22.2. Der Weg nach Italien 392 22.3. Der letzte Schliff 397 22.4. Die Fronteinsätze 402 22.4.1. Monte Castello 402 22.4.2. Montese 407 22.4.3. Castelnuovo-Soprassasso 410 22.4.4. Fornovo di Taro 412 22.5. Das Ende der Kampfhandlungen 414 22.6. Die Auflösung der FEB – militärische Bilanz und politische Motive 416 22.7. Die Erinnerungen eines FEB-Soldaten 420 23. Schlussbetrachtung 423 24. Literaturverzeichnis 434 24.1. Bibliographie 434 24.2. Zeitschriftenartikel und Aufsätze 442 24.3. Internetquellen 445 24.4. Abbildungsnachweis 448 Anhang 449 Inhaltsbeschreibung 455 Abstract 458 Lebenslauf 460 6 Vorwort und Einleitung Durch meine eigene Familiengeschichte, die eng mit Brasilien verbunden ist, ist meine Faszination für dieses grosse Land am amerikanischen Kontinent stetig gewachsen. Mein Urgrossvater war aufgrund seiner politischen Einstellung mit seiner Familie 1933 aus Österreich ausgewandert, um in Brasilien eine neue Heimat zu suchen, die er zuallererst in der vom ehemaligen Landwirtschaftsminister Andreas Thaler gegründeten österreichischen Ansiedlung Dreizehnlinden/Treze Tílias im Bundesstaat Santa Catarina fand. Nach Ende des Krieges kehrte er mit seiner Frau und seiner Tochter wieder nach Österreich zurück; mein Grossvater verblieb allerdings als Anthropologe in Brasilien, wo er während einer Expedition Opfer eines tragischen Todes im brasilianisch-bolivianischen Grenzgebiet wurde. Das erste Mal kam ich mit meiner eigenen brasilianischen Familiengeschichte in Berührung, als eine Dame aus den USA zu Besuch kam, die gemeinsam mit meinem Grossvater in dem 1960er Jahren Forschungsreisen zu den Pauserna-Guarasug'wä, einem Indianerstamm im brasilianisch-bolivianischen Grenzgebiet, unternommen hatte. Damals war ich zehn Jahre alt und meine Neugier für Südamerika und insbesondere für Brasilien wurde durch die Erzählungen der Amerikanerin geweckt. Da mein starkes Interesse für Brasilien und seine Auswanderergeschichte ungebrochen anhielt, beschloss ich, entgegen vieler Ratschläge, das Studium der Geschichte an der Universität Wien aufzunehmen. Hier traf ich zum ersten Mal auf Prof. Dr. Gerhard Drekonja-Kornat, der mich fachlich und menschlich in grossartiger Weise dabei unterstützte und förderte. 7 Am Ende meines Studium betreute er meine Diplomarbeit zum Thema „Die deutschsprachige Auswanderung nach Brasilien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung österreichischer Siedlungsprojekte sowie der Rolle der Auslandsorganisation der NSDAP“, stand mir nun auch bei meiner Dissertation beratend zur Seite und regte zudem auch an, in dieser auch die Rolle der in der europäischen Historiographie fast gänzlich unbekannten „Força Expedicionária Brasileira”1 zu beleuchten. Sie wird entsprechend der damaligen Nomenklatur im Folgenden nur „FEB“ genannt. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll eine kurze, aber für die Zukunft Brasiliens richtungweisende Phase der jüngeren Zeitgeschichte analysieren, und zwar vor allem die vor dem Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Durch die umfassende Beleuchtung innen- und aussenpolitischer Aspekte und der gewünschten Einbindung der FEB ist die Arbeit in chronologischer Hinsicht dabei über die Fragestellung „hinausgeschossen“, was jedoch seine guten Gründe im Sinne einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtungsweise hat. Ein Ausblenden von Brasiliens Weg in und durch das Kriegsgeschehen hätte die Arbeit zu sehr Stückwerk bleiben lassen, sodass ich mich für diese Lösung entschieden habe, um die Untersuchung „runder“ zu gestalten. Hierzu gehört auch ein biografischer Exkurs über das dramatische Ende der zumindest nach Aussen prägenden Persönlichkeit des Untersuchungszeitraums, nämlich des Präsidenten und Diktators
Recommended publications
  • FY19 Annual Report View Report
    Annual Report 2018–19 3 Introduction 5 Metropolitan Opera Board of Directors 6 Season Repertory and Events 14 Artist Roster 16 The Financial Results 20 Our Patrons On the cover: Yannick Nézet-Séguin takes a bow after his first official performance as Jeanette Lerman-Neubauer Music Director PHOTO: JONATHAN TICHLER / MET OPERA 2 Introduction The 2018–19 season was a historic one for the Metropolitan Opera. Not only did the company present more than 200 exiting performances, but we also welcomed Yannick Nézet-Séguin as the Met’s new Jeanette Lerman- Neubauer Music Director. Maestro Nézet-Séguin is only the third conductor to hold the title of Music Director since the company’s founding in 1883. I am also happy to report that the 2018–19 season marked the fifth year running in which the company’s finances were balanced or very nearly so, as we recorded a very small deficit of less than 1% of expenses. The season opened with the premiere of a new staging of Saint-Saëns’s epic Samson et Dalila and also included three other new productions, as well as three exhilarating full cycles of Wagner’s Ring and a full slate of 18 revivals. The Live in HD series of cinema transmissions brought opera to audiences around the world for the 13th season, with ten broadcasts reaching more than two million people. Combined earned revenue for the Met (box office, media, and presentations) totaled $121 million. As in past seasons, total paid attendance for the season in the opera house was 75%. The new productions in the 2018–19 season were the work of three distinguished directors, two having had previous successes at the Met and one making his company debut.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, June 1962
    A In This Issue The Modernization Process and Insurgency, by Henry C. Ramsey JUNE 7962 Since men began living together in organized societies, leaders have recognized a potent factor governing any action they may be about to undertake. The Romans called it vox populi. We still use the classic Latin phrase when referring to "the expressed opinion of the people" For many years, in over 100 countries, the people have been expressing their opinion of Seagram’s V.O. Canadian Whisky, with its true lightness of tone and its rare brilliance of taste. It is an enthusiastically positive opinion with a measureable effect: throughout the world more people buy A CANADIAN ACHIEVEMENT HONOURED THE WORLD OVER The Foreign Service Journal is the professional journal of the American For¬ FORSTGF^^^|JOURNAL eign Service and is published by the American Foreign Service Association, a non¬ profit private organization. Material appearing herein represents the opinions of rtJPUBLISHEO MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION X-f~l the writers and is not intended to indicate the official views of the Department of State or of the Foreign Service as a whole. AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION CHARLES E. BOHLEN, President TYLER THOMPSON, Vice President JULIAN F. HARRINGTON, General Manager CONTENTS JUNE 1962 Volume 39, No. 6 BARBARA P. CHALMERS, Executive Secretary BOARD OF DIRECTORS HUGH G. APPLING, Chairman H. FREEMAN MATTHEWS, JR., Secretary-Treasurer page TAYLOR G. BELCHER ROBERT M. BRANDIN MARTIN F. HERZ 21 THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS AND INSURGENCY HENRY ALLEN HOLMES by Henry C. Ramsey THOMAS W. MAPP RICHARD A. POOLE 24 THE BAR-NES COROLLARY TO PARKINSON’S LAW ROBERT C.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Masses, to the Masses by Kilmore and John Albert
    From the Masses, To the Masses by kilmore and John ALbert A Summation of the October 22 Coalition’s Resistance to Police Brutality in the Late 1990s written summer 2019 kites #1 DEDicatED in rEmEmbrancE of nicholas hEywarD, sr., a fiErcE fightEr in thE strugglE against policE violEncE * * * a FamIlIar sTory gaIns TracTIon Eric Garner, 43, in Staten Island, NY, 2014. Michael Brown, 18, in Ferguson, MO, 2014. Laquan McDonald, 17, in Chicago, IL, 2014. Tamir Rice, 12, in Cleveland, OH, 2014. Walter Scott. Freddie Gray. Alton Sterling. Philando Castile…. Over the past fve years, the number of high-profle murders at the hands of police has drawn national attention to the epidemic of police violence and the treatment of Black people in the United States (US). While the particular role played by police in the op- pression of Black people has been ongoing—a story told and retold with painstaking articulation in urban uprisings from Watts in 1965 to Baltimore in 2015—only recently have a signifcant number of petty-bourgeois and white people become familiar with it, newly “woke” to the sheer volume of incidents of brutality and murder per- petrated by police. Furthermore, only a select few cases were given coverage by mainstream media throughout the years, while today the epidemic nature of police violence is being more widely report- ed. In response to these outrages and to their revelation of a system- ic issue, hundreds of thousands have taken to the streets demanding justice, giving rise to a movement against unchecked police terror and violence. While noteworthy, this is hardly the frst incident of organized resistance to oppressive policing; the central, founding tenet of the Black Panther Party (BPP) at the time of its inception in 1966, for example, was to protect the Black community of Oak- land, California from the continuous abuse visited upon it by law enforcement (as is evident in the BPP’s original name: the Black Pan- 39 The October 22 Coalition logo.
    [Show full text]
  • ALABAMA ALABAMA Name Age Nationality Photo
    Stolen Lives: Killed by Law Enforcement ALABAMA ALABAMA Name Age Nationality Photo Donald Nabors — Black August 3, 1998. Talladega: Mr. Nabors was shot to death by a white police officer. Authorities refuse to identify the officer or divulge the circumstances surrounding the shooting. On Aug. 17, several hundred Black residents held a protest at city hall to demand justice. Source: Yahoo!/States News Service, 8/17/98 Calvin Moore 18 — February 21, 1996. Kilby Correctional Facility: Mr. Moore was serving a two-year sentence for a burglary conviction. He weighed about 160 pounds on Jan. 26, 1996. When he died less than a month later, he weighed 110 pounds. He had lost 56 pounds in less than a month and suffered symptoms of severe mental illness as well as dehydration and starvation after entering the prison. Despite the fact that Calvin was often unable to walk or talk and spent days lying on the concrete floor of his cell in a pool of his own urine, nurses repeatedly failed to provide basic medical care. Not even his vital signs were recorded for the last nine days of his life. An official state autopsy, which concluded that he died of “natural causes,” was called a “whitewash” by an internationally renowned expert on forensic medicine. The expert said Calvin’s death was “a homicide resulting from criminal negligence.” The prison’s health-care provider, Correctional Medical Services (CMS), said, “It is clear the health care staff provided appropriate and compassionate care.” Calvin Moore’s father sued CMS and seven medical professionals, including nurses and doctors, charging malpractice and negligence.
    [Show full text]
  • SZÁZADOK a Magyar Történelmi Társulat Folyóirata
    154. évfolyam (2020) | 3. szám SZÁZADOK A Magyar Történelmi Társulat folyóirata Az alapítás éve 1867 Főszerkesztő: Frank Tibor Felelős szerkesztő: Simon Anita Szerkesztőség: Bácsatyai Dániel, Bartha Ákos, Csukovits Enikő, Eiler Ferenc, Kenyeres István, Toma Katalin, Völgyesi Orsolya SZÁZADOK www.szazadok.hu A Magyar Történelmi Társulat folyóirata Szerkesztőség: H–1097 Budapest, Tóth Kálmán utca 4. B. épület V. emelet 511. Telefon: (+36) 1 224 67 00 / 4637 mellék E mail: [email protected] 154. évfolyam (2020) 3. szám Szerkesztőbizottság: Csernus Sándor, Draskóczy István, Fodor Pál, Font Márta, Földes György, Gecsényi Lajos, Gyarmati György, Hermann Róbert, Horn Ildikó, Izsák Lajos, Klaniczay Gábor, Kövér György, Krász Lilla, Lévai Csaba, Orosz István, Pál Judit, Pál Lajos , Pálffy Géza, Papp Klára, Pók Attila, Rainer M. János, Romsics Ignác, Sajti Enikő, Szakály Sándor, Varga Zsuzsanna, Veszprémy László, Vonyó József, Zakar Péter, Zsoldos Attila Nemzetközi tanácsadó testület: Robert John Weston Evans (UK), Marie-Madeleine de Cevins (Franciaország), Holger Fischer (Németország), Ovidiu Ghitta (Románia), Olga Khavanova (Oroszország), Árpád von Klimó (USA), Lengyel Tünde (Szlovákia), Stanisław A. Sroka (Lengyelország), Arnold Suppan (Ausztria), Kees Teszelszky (Hollandia) Olvasószerkesztő: Reményi József Tamás Tördelés, nyomdai előkészítés: ElektroPress www.elektropress.hu Nyomás, kötészet: Prime Rate www.primerate.hu ISSN 0039–8098 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK MAGYARORSZÁG ÉS AMERIKA: TÖRTÉNELMI KAPCSOLATOK ÉS HATÁSOK Frank Tibor: Bevezető ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Relatos De Guerra De Veteranos Da FEB
    UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA Memórias do front: Relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB Luciano Bastos Meron Salvador 2009 Luciano Bastos Meron Memórias do front: Relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eugênio Libano Soares Salvador 2009 __________________________________________________________________________ Meron, Luciano Bastos M567 Memórias do front: relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB / Luciano Bastos Meron. -- Salvador, 2009. 160 f. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eugênio Líbano Soares Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, 2009. 1. Guerra Mundial, 1939-1945 - Brasil. 2. Brasil. Força Expedicionária Brasileira 3. Memória. 4. Brasil – Política e Governo - 1939-1945. 5. Brasil – Exército – História II. Universidade Federal da Bahia, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. III.Título. CDD – 940.5381 ___________________________________________________________________________ Luciano Bastos Meron Memórias do front: Relatos de guerra de veteranos da FEB Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História Social, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em História. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eugênio Libano Soares BANCA
    [Show full text]
  • A Participação Do Brasil Na Segunda Guerra Mundial E a Importância Da Liderança Em Conflitos Armados
    Centro Universitário de Brasília Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais Relações Internacionais Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados Brasília Junho de 2011 Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados Monografia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais - Relações Internacionais do Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB) como pré-requisito para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cláudio Tadeu Cardoso Fernades Brasília Junho de 2011 O48i Oliveira, Gabriel Machado Borges de. A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados / Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira. – 2011. 96 f. Orientador: Cláudio Tadeu. Monografia de conclusão de curso (graduação) – Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB), Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais, Curso de Relações Internacionais, 2011. 1. Segunda Guerra Mundial. 2. Conflitos armados. 3. Líderes militares. 4. Brasil. I. Tadeu, Cláudio. II. Centro Universitário de Brasília. III. Título. Gabriel Machado Borges de Oliveira A participação do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial e a importância da liderança em conflitos armados Monografia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais - Relações Internacionais do Centro Universitário de Brasília (UniCEUB) como pré-requisito para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Relações Internacionais. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Cláudio Tadeu Cardoso Fernades _________________________________ Prof. Dr. Cláudio Tadeu _________________________________ Prof. Dr. Delmo Arguelhes _________________________________ Prof. Mestre. Marco Antônio Brasília, ______ de junho de 2011. Dedicatória A todos os ex-combatentes que saíram de suas casas para lutar por um Brasil melhor, e a todos os líderes, independente da área de atuação, que se dedicam para fazer com que suas equipes atinjam um objetivo comum.
    [Show full text]
  • Divided Dreamworlds? the Cultural Cold War in East and West Isbn 978 90 8964 436 7
    STUDIES OF THE NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR WAR DOCUMENTATION DIVIDED DREAMWORLDS? STUDIES OF THE DIVIDED NETHERLANDS With its unique focus on how culture Peter Romijn is INSTITUTE DREAMWORLDS? contributed to the blurring of ideological head of the Research FOR WAR boundaries between the East and the West, Department at the Netherlands Institute this volume offers fascinating insights into the DOCUMENTATION THE CULTURAL COLD WAR for War Documentation tensions, rivalries and occasional cooperation (NIOD) and professor IN EAST AND WEST between the two blocs. Encompassing of history at Amsterdam developments across the arts and sciences, University. the authors analyse focal points, aesthetic Giles Scott-Smith is preferences and cultural phenomena through Ernst van der Beugel topics as wide-ranging as East and West Chair in Transatlantic German interior design; the Soviet stance on Diplomatic History at genetics; US cultural diplomacy during and Leiden University and senior researcher at the after the Cold War; and the role of popular Roosevelt Study Center music as a universal cultural ambassador. in Middelburg. Joes Segal is assistant Well positioned at the cutting edge of Cold professor in the War studies, this work illuminates some of the Department of History striking paradoxes involved in the production and Art History at and reception of culture in East and West. Utrecht University. Eds. P. Romijn, G. Scott-Smith andJ.Segal Romijn,G.Scott-Smith Eds. P. ISBN 978 90 8964 436 7 Edited by Peter Romijn Giles Scott-Smith 9 789089 644367 Joes Segal www.aup.nl Divided Dreamworlds? niod-dreamworlds-def.indd 1 21-6-2012 15:04:53 studies of the netherlands institute for war documentation board of editors: Madelon de Keizer Conny Kristel Peter Romijn i Ralf Futselaar — Lard, Lice and Longevity.
    [Show full text]
  • Affairs of State: the Interagency and National Security
    AFFAIRS OF STATE: THE INTERAGENCY AND NATIONAL SECURITY Gabriel Marcella Editor December 2008 Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. This publication is a work of the U.S. Government as defined in Title 17, United States Code, Section 101. As such, it is in the public domain, and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code, Section 105, it may not be copyrighted. ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave, Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. ***** All Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) publications are available on the SSI homepage for electronic dissemination. Hard copies of this report also may be ordered from our homepage. SSI’s homepage address is: www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army. mil. ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please subscribe on our homepage at www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army. mil/newsletter/. ISBN 1-58487-369-8 ii CONTENTS Foreword .......................................................................v 1.
    [Show full text]
  • San Marco” Della R.S.I
    LA DIVISIONE FANTERIA DI MARINA “SAN MARCO” DELLA R.S.I. LE BATTAGLIE A DIFESA DELLA LINEA GOTICA I BATTAGLIONI “UCCELLI” E “BLOTTO” di Lanfranco Sanna Sulla Linea Gotica (riquadro 1), dove si affrontarono oltre un milione di uomini, furono combattute le più sanguinose battaglie della Campagna d’Italia, dal settembre 1944 all’aprile del 1945. Le forze contrapposte (unità italiane erano presenti in entrambe gli schieramenti) erano così suddivise: per i tedeschi: 350.000 combattenti29 e 120.000 ausiliari in seconda linea, distribuiti in 2 Armate, 5 Corpi d’Armata, 20 Divisioni e 2 Gruppi autonomi; per gli Alleati: 600.000 combattenti30 e 300.000 ausiliari in seconda linea, distribuiti in 2 Armate, 5 Corpi d’Armata, 21 31 DRAPPELLA DELLA DIVISIONE “SAN MARCO” Divisioni, 8 Brigate autonome e 3 RCT . RIQUADRO 1 LA LINEA GOTICA La Linea Gotica (in tedesco Gotenstellung, in inglese Gothic Line) era una linea difensiva debolmente fortificata e predisposta velocemente dal feldmaresciallo tedesco Albert Kesselring nel 1944, nel tentativo di rallentare l'avanzata dell'esercito alleato – comandato dal generale Harold Alexander – verso il nord Italia. Si estendeva dalla provincia di Apuania (l'attuale Massa e Carrara), fino alla costa adriatica di Pesaro, seguendo un fronte di oltre 300 chilometri. In particolare, per la zona che ci interessa, partiva dal Fiume Versilia-Forte dei Marmi, saliva sulle Apuane e dalla Pania della Croce, passava tra i paesi di Vergemoli, Gallicano, Treppignana, Colle Monte San Quirico (Il Ciocco odierno), Lama, Monte Uccelliera, Monte Romecchio, per poi andare all’Abetone e verso il crinale pistoiese-fiorentino. La Linea Gotica passava inizialmente a sud di Borgo a Mozzano, tra Decimo e FELDMARESCIALLO Anchiano, ed era molto più consistente, potendo contare su opere di fortificazione ALBERT KESSELRING permanente, campi minati, muri anticarro, trincee, piazzole di tiro, camminamenti protetti.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Town Report
    TOWN OF MEDFIELD Annual Town Report FOR THE YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2016 366th Anniversary ANNUAL REPORT IN MEMORIAM Austin “Buck” Buchanan Civil Defense Director 1959 – 1973 Selectman 1959 – 1967 Town Garage Study Committee 1971 – 1972 Keeper of the Town Clock 1972 – 1999 American with Disabilities Compliance Committee 1992 – 2000 Mary Solari Crossing Guard 1967 – 2014 Police Matron 1970 – 2014 Edward A. Otting 350th Anniversary Committee 1997 – 2001 Richard L. Reinemann Medfield Historical Commission 1993 – 2001 Gayle E. McMullen-Currier 350th Anniversary Committee 1999 – 2001 James Wakely Economic Development Committee 2013 - 2016 SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES FOR MEDFIELD STATE Senator in General Court Governor’s Councillor Norfolk, Bristol, and Plymouth 2nd District District Robert L. Jubinville James E. Timilty State House Room 184 State House Room 518 Boston, MA 02133 Boston, MA 02133 (617) 725-4015 x2 (617) 722-1222 [email protected] [email protected] Representative in General Court 13th Norfolk District, Precinct 1 & 2 Denise Garlick State House Room 473G Boston, MA 02133 (617) 722-2070 [email protected] Representative in General Court 9th Norfolk District, Precinct 3 & 4 Shawn Dooley State House Room 167 Boston, MA 02133 (617) 722-2810 [email protected] FEDERAL U.S. Representative to Congress, 4th District Joseph Kennedy 29 Crafts Street Newton, MA 02458 (508) 332-3333 www.kennedy.house.gov United States Senator Elizabeth Warren 2400 J.F.K. Federal Building 15 New Sudbury Street Boston, MA 02203 (617 )565-3170 www.warren.senate.gov United States Senator Edward Markey 975 JFK Federal Building 15 New Sudbury Street Boston, MA 02203 (617) 565 8519 www.markey.senate.gov 1 ELECTED AND APPOINTED OFFICIALS 2016 Elected Officials Park and Recreation Commission Moderator Kirsten Young 2017 Scott F.
    [Show full text]
  • Edition FALL 2
    HONORS 2 0 1 0 Edition FALL 2 HONOR | COMMITMENT | INTEGRITY | DISCIPLINE | FAITH | CURIOSITY | CHARACTER | CREATIVITY In This Issue Honors Students From the Meet 2010 Buchanan Scholars ............................1 Phi Kappa Phi Recognition ......................................4 2010 Visiting Artist Seminar ................................5 Record Year for Fulbrights .....................................6 Martin Lecture: Ragsdale .......................................7 Who’s Who ..................................................................8 Dean’s Desk Michelle Ebel: Austria ............................................ 10 Daniel Vaughan Presentation ............................ 11 Mathis Research Scholarship ............................. 11 The spring of 2010 has been an exciting Study Abroad ........................................................... 11 Daniel Gouger: Chile ............................................... 12 time for the Honors College, and this issue Transfer Students .................................................. 13 of Honors Edition is our opportunity to share Interdisciplinary Seminar ..................................... 13 Student Research ................................................... 14 some of the highlights with you. I will concen- Thesis Certificate ................................................... 14 2011 Visiting Artist Seminar ............................. 15 trate on awards that our students have won, Scholars Week Winners ....................................... 16 Mock Trial ................................................................
    [Show full text]