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- 1 - New York KGB Station ▬ Moscow Center Cables, 1944 Cables Decrypted by the National Security Agency's Venona Project Transcribed by Students of the Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies Arranged by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, 2010 - 2 - XXXXXXX From: Moscow To: New York No: 49 19 January 1944. Your no.7[a]. From the time of his interview SERPA[i] [2 groups unrecovered]. His transfer to INFORMER[STUKACh][ii] or another worker is [C% possible]. Using SERPA through ECHO[ĒKhO][iii] without signing him on is a question which one can decide after [1 group unidentified] upon receipt of valuable materials. No. 228 VIKTOR[iv] T.N.: [a] Not available. Comments: [i] SERPA: First occurrence. Not known. [ii] STUKACh: Joseph KATZ. [iii] ĒKhO: Bernard SCHUSTER. [iv] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M. FITIN. 9 June 1967 - 3 - XXXXXXXXXX Reissue From: NEW YORK To: MOSCOW No: 71[a] 14 January 1944 [75 groups unrecoverable] [C% puppet] government), and the Chinese two hundred thousand of [C% which] [2 groups unrecovered] lost. In the opinion of informed [18 groups unrecovered] in SIANGTAN or CHANGSHA. The ambassador of the COUNTRY[STRANA][i] in MADRID reported that the last several months Germany [120 groups unrecovered] severe critic [3 groups unrecovered] stating that contact is barely being maintained with him. MACMILLAN and WILSON consider it impossible to avoid [C% war] in [15 groups unrecovered] Soviet crisis [27 groups unrecovered] and at the same time will satisfy the Russian [1 group unrecovered] hopes [161 groups unrecoverable] Notes: [a] This may be the first part of a multipart message. Comments: [i] STRANA: The U.S.A. 7 November 1973 - 4 - XXXXXXXXX From: New York To: Moscow No: 83 18 January 1944. Reference no. 150[a]. 1. According to information dated June 1940 [2 groups unrecovered] KINSKYJ[i] is living in LOS ANGELOS, 1722 Benedict Canyon, telephone –- Crestview 1-7463, dramati...... [ 212 groups unrecoverable ] T.N.: [a] Not available. Comments: [i] KINSKYJ: Leonid KINSKY. Also see San Francisco – Moscow msgs. #27 of 17 January 1944 and #81 of 20 February 1944. 9 June 1967 - 5 - USSR Ref. No.: 3/NBF/T2057 XXXXXXX Issued : XXXxXX/3/12/1973 Copy No.: 301 M 421 “ZORA” SUMMONED BY “KUMA” TO THE “IZBA” IN TYRE (1944) From: NEW YORK To: MOSCOW No.: 144 27th January 1944 To VIKTOR[i]. The other day “ZORA”[ii] was summoned by “KUMA”[iii] to the branch of the “IZBA”[iv] in TYRE[TIR][v] and there it was proposed that she travel [162 groups unrecoverable] Footnotes: [i] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M. FITIN. [ii] ZORA: Flora Don WOVSCHIN. [iii] KUMA: i.e. “GODMOTHER”; unidentified covername. Also occurs in NEW YORK’s No. 1398 of 26th August 1943 (3/NBF/T1817). [iv] IZBA: Office of Strategic Services. [v] TYRE: NEW YORK CITY. 3/NBF/T2057 - 6 - XXXXXXXX M1379 From: NEW YORK To: MOSCOW No: 148 29 January 1944 To VIKTOR[i]. Reference nos. 200 and 206[a]. 1. [441 groups unrecoverable] and ALEKSANDR[ii]. Rush your [1 group unrecovered]. No. 69 MAKSIM[iii] + Notes: [a] Not available. Comments: [i] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M.FITIN. [ii] ALEKSANDR: Unidentified cover-name. [iii] MAKSIM: Vasilij Mikhajlovich ZUBILIN. 29 April 1971 - 7 - USSR Ref. No.: 3/NBF/T2048 (of 2/11/73) XXXXXXX Issued : XXXzXXX/17/9/74 Copy No.: 301 REISSUE “BOETs” GIVES DETAILS OF LANDAU; LASKI (1944) From: NEW YORK To: MOSCOW No.: 165 2 February 1944 To VIKTOR[i]. In reply to No. 140[ii]. “BOETs”[iii] describes LANDAU[iv] as a person of liberal tendencies. In crucial political questions LANDAU [31 groups unrecovered] these views do not affect the policy of the Overseas News Agency. Sharing the policy of the British Government, L.[iv] nevertheless does not refuse to publish critical articles by the British Labourite LASKI[v]. [52 groups unrecoverable] - 8 - 2 3/NBF/T2048 Footnotes [i] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M. FITIN. [ii] Not available. [iii] BOETs: i.e. “FIGHTER”; unidentified covername. Also occurs in NEW YORK’s Nos. 939, 941 of 18 June 1943 (3/NBF/T992), 823 of 7 June 1944 (3/NBF/T603) and 881 of 20 June 1944 (3/NBF/T45.1). [iv] LANDAU/L.: Jacob LANDAU, head of the Overseas News Agency, NEW YORK (distributors of LASKI’s articles). [v] LASKI: Professor Harold LASKI, member of the Executive Committee of the British Labour Party. - 9 - USSR Ref. No.: 3/NBF/T2055 XXXXXXX Issued : XXXXxX/27/11/1973 Copy No.: 301 XXXXX I. AND HIS GROUP, INCLUDING KAMAREVSKIJ; TALANT, WOOD (1944) From: NEW YORK To: MOSCOW No.: 193 8th February 1944 To VIKTOR[i]. [73 groups unrecoverable] last session of the [C% Chemical] Society[ii] had a conversation with KAMAREVSKIJ[iii] (an emigré [NEVOZVRAShchENETs][iv] belonging to I.’s[v] group)[vi] about their views on the military events and, in connection with this, hinted: “Why should Russian scientists not help their native land?” KAMAREVSKIJ considered that the only possible way of giving help would be by starting a periodical and it was evident that he was not simply expressing his own opinion. TALANT[vii] failed to get in touch with I. Directly. WOOD[VUD][viii] met this group at the end of last year at a meeting of oilmen. He talked with I.. His impression is that I. is at the present time of no value as a scientific worker, [1 group unrecovered] because of the young people who work with him. WOOD did not find out anything important. At the present time I. is loyal to the USSR and is helping with money through War Relief. Before the war he was described as a man without principles. No. 91 ANTON[ix] [Continued overleaf] 3/NBF/T2055 - 10 - - 2 - 3/NBF/T2055 Footnotes: [i] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M.FITIN. [ii] The Chemical Society: Probably the American Chemical Society, 1155 16 St N W, WASHINGTON DC. [iii] KAMAREVSKIJ: Not traced. [iv] Literally “a non-returner”. [v] I.: Not further identified. [vi] There is a full stop here which seems to have been inserted in error. [vii] TALANT: i.e. “TALENT”; William Marias MALISOFF. [viii] WOOD: Unidentified. [ix] ANTON: Leonid Romanovich KVASNIKOV. 3/NBF/T2055 - 11 - USSR Ref. No.: -------------- -------- Issued : -------/25/6/1973 Copy No.: 301 MEETING BETWEEN “GUS’” AND “REST”; WORK ON ENORMOUS (1944) From: NEW YORK To: MOSCOW No.: 195 9th February 1944 Personal to VIKTOR[i]. In reply to No. 302[ii]. On 5th February a meeting took place between “GUS’”[iii] and “REST”[iv]. Be- forehand GUS’ was given a detailed briefing by us. REST greeted him pleasantly but was rather cautious at first, [1 group unrecovered] the discussion GUS’ satisfied himself that REST was aware of whom he was working with. R.[iv] arrived in the COUNTRY[STRANA][v] in September as a member of the ISLAND[OSTROV][vi] mission on ENORMOUS[ĒNORMOZ][vii]. According to him the work on ENORMOUS in the COUNTRY is being carried out under the direct control of the COUNTRY’s army represented by General SOMERVELL[SOMMERVILL][viii] and STIMSON[ix]: at the head of the group of ISLANDERS[OSTROVITYaNE][vi] is a Labour Member of Parliament, Ben Smith[x]. [Continued overleaf] --------- - 12 - - 2 - ------------ The whole operation amounts to the working out of the process for the separation of isotopes of ENORMOUS. The work is proceeding in two directions: the electron method developed by LAWRENCE[LAURENS][xi] [71 groups unrecoverable] separation of isotopes by the combined method, using the diffusion method for preliminary and the electron method for final separation. The work [46 groups unrecovered] 18th February, we shall report the results. No. 92 ANTON[xii] Footnotes: [i] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M. FITIN. [ii] Not available. [iii] GUS’: i.e. ”GOOSE”; Harry GOLD [iv] REST/R.: Dr. Emil Julius Klaus FUCHS. [v] COUNTRY: U.S.A. [vi] ISLAND, ISLANDERS: GREAT BRITAIN, British. [vii] ENORMOUS: a) U.S. Atomic Energy Project. b) Uranium. [viii] General SOMERVELL: Lt. General Brehan Burke SOMERVELL, Commanding General Army Service Forces, War Department. [ix] STIMSON: Henry Lewis STIMSON, Secretary of War. [x] Ben SMITH: Rt. Hon. Ben SMITH, Minister Resident in WASHINGTON for Supply from 1943. [xi] LAWRENCE: Professor Ernest Orlando LAWRENCE. [xii] ANTON: Leonid Romanovich KVASNIKOV. Nnnnnnnnnnnn Nnnnnnnnnnnn - 13 - USSR Ref. No.: 3/NBF/T2054 XXXXXXX Issued : XXXxXX/21/11/1973 Copy No.: 301 MEETINGS BETWEEN MAKSIM AND RULEVOJ’S BROTHER (1944) From: NEW YORK To: MOSCOW No.: 196 9th February 1944 Personal for VIKTOR[i]. In reply to No.410[ii]. During the last 3 or 4 months [2 groups unrecovered] meetings between MAKSIM[iii] and RULEVOJ’s[iv] brother[v]. No. 94 ANTON[vi] [Continued overleaf] 3/NBF/T2054 - 14 - - 2 - 3/NBF/T2054 Footnotes: [i] VIKTOR: Lt. Gen. P.M. FITIN. [ii] Not available. [iii] MAKSIM: Vesilij Mikhajlovich ZUBILIN. [iv] RULEVOJ: i.e. “HELMSMAN; Earl BROWDER. [v] Brother: Presumably William BROWDER. [vi] ANTON: Leonid Romanovich KVASNIKOV. 3/NBF/T2054 - 15 - USSR Ref. No.: 3/NBF/T2096 XXXXXXX Issued : XxXXXX/11/11/74 Copy No.: 301 XXXX9 BENEŠ’S VISIT TO MOSCOW AND SUBSEQUENT STATEMENTS: REPORT FROM “ZAYaTs” (1944) From: NEW YORK To : MOSCOW No: : 206 10 February 1944 To the 8th Department. “ZAYats”[i] reports: Ambassador WINANT[ii] informed the “BANK”[iii] that, according to information from the Acting [2 groups unrecovered] RIPKA [iv], BENEŠ[v] was satisfied with his trip to MOSCOW and with the attitude to the European question expressed by the Soviet government. RIPKA told the First Secretary of the COUNTRY [STRANA][vi] SCHOENFELD[vii] that BENEŠ, in a conversation with MIKOLAJCZYK[viii], stated: The USSR is not against the renewal of relations with POLAND, does not want a Communist POLAND and does not demand the 1941 boundaries.
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    Letter from Senator Joseph McCarthy to the President of the United States This letter from Senator Joseph McCarthy, Republican representative of Wisconsin, to President Harry Truman was written three days after McCarthy’s famous Wheeling Speech. This speech signaled McCarthy’s rise to influence, as he gained national attention by producing a piece of paper on which he claimed he had listed the names of 205 members of the Communist Party working secretly in the U.S. State Department. McCarthy was, at the time of this letter, beginning to exploit national concerns about Communist infiltration during the Cold War. This fear of infiltration was intensified by the Soviet Union’s recent development of the atomic bomb and the coming Communist takeover of China. “McCarthyism” however was not yet at its peak. Senator McCarthy here at first encourages President Truman to commit more resources to the war of containment being fought in South Korea, and secondly questioned the legitimacy and effectiveness of Truman’s loyalty program, signed into effect by Executive Order 9835 in 1947. This program required the FBI to run checks on almost anyone involved in the U.S. government and subsequently to launch investigations into any government employee with what could be presumed as questionable political associations. The Loyalty Program was not enough to satisfy Senator McCarthy, who suspected that a number of subversives had slipped through the investigation and remained in the State Department. President Truman made it clear that he would not take McCarthy’s accusations seriously and that the Senator was “the best asset the Kremlin has.”109 July 12, 1950 The President The White House Washington, D.
  • Courses Taught at Both the Undergraduate and the Postgraduate Levels

    Courses Taught at Both the Undergraduate and the Postgraduate Levels

    Jadavpur University Faculty of Arts Department of History SYLLABUS Preface The Department of History, Jadavpur University, was born in August 1956 because of the Special Importance Attached to History by the National Council of Education. The necessity for reconstructing the history of humankind with special reference to India‘s glorious past was highlighted by the National Council in keeping with the traditions of this organization. The subsequent history of the Department shows that this centre of historical studies has played an important role in many areas of historical knowledge and fundamental research. As one of the best centres of historical studies in the country, the Department updates and revises its syllabi at regular intervals. It was revised last in 2008 and is again being revised in 2011.The syllabi that feature in this booklet have been updated recently in keeping with the guidelines mentioned in the booklet circulated by the UGC on ‗Model Curriculum‘. The course contents of a number of papers at both the Undergraduate and Postgraduate levels have been restructured to incorporate recent developments - political and economic - of many regions or countries as well as the trends in recent historiography. To cite just a single instance, as part of this endeavour, the Department now offers new special papers like ‗Social History of Modern India‘ and ‗History of Science and Technology‘ at the Postgraduate level. The Department is the first in Eastern India and among the few in the country, to introduce a full-scale specialization on the ‗Social History of Science and Technology‘. The Department recently qualified for SAP.