MAY DAY MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY I • THE ANTI-SOVIET CONSPIRACY IN THE UNITED STAtES ' EARL BROWDER \ '

{ • WHAT ARE WE; FIGHTING FOR7 ROBERT MINOR • MA~XISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE . ' I r V. J. JEROME I • ,. FORGE WORLD LABO ~ UNtTYI ROY HUDSON

• I CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS MORRIS CHILDS

I EARL BROWDER ON THE WAR

VICTORY-AND AFTER Since publication early in November more than 200,000 copies of Ea rl Browder's inspiring war book, Victory-and After have been sold. Presenting the Communist position on the most vital problems arising from the war, it is a splendid guide for a more vigor0us and effective prosecu­ tion of the war to total victory. Popular Edition 50 cents POLICY FOR VICTORY -" · A compil ation of-,th'e speeches and writings of Earl Browder during the past year, which thr?WS brilliant light on the _, maier prpblems posed by the war, and on American foreign and domestic poficies up to the present day. Price 15 cents IS COMMUNISM A MENACE? Text of the ~ecent debate between Earl Browder, General ­ S·ecretary of the Communist Party, and George Sokolsky, columnist of the New York Sun, held under the auspices of New Masses. Price I 0 cents PRODUCTION FOR VICT9RY Trade unionists will benefit fro-m this incisive discussion of such key problems of war production as manpower, raw materiBis, centralization of the war economy, utilization of small enterprises, increased labor productivity, incentive pay rates, the role of the trade unions for victory, and other vital. questions. Price 5 yents • _ WORKERS IJBRARY PUBLISHERS P. 0. Box 148, Station 0 (832 Broadway), New York, N.Y. - I VOL. XXII, No. 5 MAY, 1943 THE COMMUNIST A MAGAZINE OF THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MARXISM-LENINISM EDITOR: EARL BROWDER

CONTENTS May Day Manifesto of the Communist Party 387 Note of the Soviet Government on the Decision to Suspend Relations With the Polish Government 394 Hitler's Polish Partners 396 The Anti-Soviet Conspiracy in the United States . Earl Browder 399 Forge World Labor Unity! Roy Hudson 403 Marxism, Prussianism, and Mr. Wallace . V. J. Jerome 411

Chicago Rebukes the Copperheads M. Childs . 425 What Are We Fighting For? . Robert Minor 434 On Wage Stabilization William and With a Reply by Gilbert Green Pauline Young 443 The New Stage in the Fight to Abolish the Poll Tax Theodore R. Bassett 452 Thomas E. Dewey: His Record S. W. Gerson . 461 Under a "Socialist" Mantle . Max Steinberg . 469

Entered as second class matter November 2, 1927, at the Post Of}ice at New York, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879. THE COMMUNIST is published Monthly by Workers Library Publishers, Inc., at 832 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (mail address, P. 0. Box 148, Station D), to whom sub­ scriptions, payments and correspondence should be sent. Subscription rate: $2.00 a year; $1.09 for six months; foreign and Canada $2.50 a yea,r. Single copies 20 cents.

~lOt NEW AND FORTHCOMING PAMPHLETS

Thomas Jefferson: Selections From His Writings • $.25 With an introduction by Dr. Philip Foner

The Heritage of Jefferson • .10 By Claude G. Bowers, Earl Browder and Francis Franklin

Karl Marx: His Life and Work . .15 Reminiscences by Paul Lafargue and Wilhelm Liebknecht

Battle for America-1776-1861-1941 .15 By A. B. Magil

The Real Rickenbacker . .02 By Sender Garlin

300,000,000 Slaves and Serfs .10 By Jurgen Kuczynski

Farmers and the War • .05 By Anna Rochester • WORKERS LIBRARY PUBLISHERS P. 0. Box 148, Station D (832 Broadway), New York, N.Y. MAY DAY MANIFESTO OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY

ELLOW AMERICANS! in new drives through Spain, Tur­ F Workingmen and Working­ key, or against Britain itseM? women! This is the grave decision which This Spring, 1943, can be decisive faces the entire nation, and especi­ for the outcome of the war and the ally the American working people. future of humanity. Hitler and the Axis know their This is the thought that should peril. They are striving to maintain be grasped with realism, courage "A:ll Quiet on the Western Front." and boldness by all .American pa­ If Hitler is allowed to continue triots. Especially should this be concentrating his main forces to realized by American i'a:bor on this strike at our ally, the Soviet Union, May Day, the traditional day of the without a major diversion in the world solidarity of la!bor, as our west, new disasters face America valiant soldiers fight to bring the and the world. The war will be North African campaign to its final prolonged. Our casualties will be phase. enormously increased. VliCtory Hself For in the coming weeks and will be endangered. months will be decided the crucial By hesitation and delay in invad­ issues: ing Europe, we forfeited our chance Wili America and Britain seize to crush Hitler in 1942. We cannot the present opportunity, made pos­ afford to miss our opportunity in sible by the histork struggles of 1943. In the interests of our national the Red Army, to invade Western security we cannot allow the pres­ Europe · now? Will America and ent situation to go on where the Britain strike out now from OuT full weigh't of the war is placed bases in England and Africa this npon one ally, the 'Soviet Union. spring and join with the Soviet We must strike now from the Al­ Union in a two-front war against lied stronghold in England. We must Hitler Germany? extend cur African offensive to Eu­ Or will America and Britain con­ rope this spring. We must organize tinue to hold back? Will we allow 1·eal coali.tion warfare of the U.S.A., Hitler to gain time after his defeats the U.S.S.R. and Britain and strike at Stalingrad and elsewhere on the at the Nazi beasts together, from all decisive Eastern Front? Will we al­ sides. And this, also, is t.he way to low Hitler to accumulate new strik­ speed the defeat of the Japanese ing power and once again seize the militarists. initiative in the Donets region, or • • • 387 388 MAY DAY MANIFESTO n is time for American labor, the What holds back the knockout backbone of the nation, to face these blow which Au:.erica together with realities and the stern duties that ocir allies can and must deliver flow from them. against the vital center of the Axis, American la:bor gave May Day to against the N~s in Europe? What the world in 1887 as the traditional holds back our government from day for uniting and strengthening carrying through its objectives to the world brotherhood of labor in deliver its main blows firSt against a common cause. the heart of the Axis--Hitler Ger­ What greater common cause has many? American labor ever faced with its In the first place it is the treach­ countrymen and its brothers of the erous activities of the appeasers and world than the task of defending defeatists. "11hese forces still occupy demOCI'atic liberties and national in· influential positions in Congress, the dependence against the world-slav­ State Department and in other high ery of Hitleri&llll? place& They oppose and delay the On thie May Day, siJcteen months Second Front. after America enltered the war for These pro-fascists are opposed to . the defense of our national freedom the destruction of Hitlerism. They against Axis aggression and domi­ seek at all costs ·to prevenJt coalition nation-fighting months in which warfare. They strive to break the our country's prowess has been fighting alliance of our country demonstrated in North Africa and with our Soviet and British allies, Guadalcanal-the American work­ by fanni.pg old prejudices and dis­ ing class faces the greatest responsi­ trust, and by sowing discord over bility in its history. so-called post-war problems in or­ It now falls to lalbor to rouse and der to preverut concerted military unite our country around our Com­ action for victory now. They work mander-in-Chief to sweep aside all for a "negotiated peace" with Hit­ the obstacles which still dcl.ay the ler's Axis. They are the Tories and ful1illment of the American-Soviet· Benedict Arnolds of 1943 who BritiSh agreement of J,une 11, 1942, attack our Commander -in- Chief and of the Casablanca decisions: to and seek to undermine our na­ invade Europe! tional unity and common war ef­ On this May Day, th.e American fort. worki·ng people should launch a na­ The un-American and anti-Soviet tion-wide drive for .the opening of poison of these Copperheads has in­ th!e Second Front. Labor and the fected even some Admlinistration people should resolve to deal Hitler circles. It has promoted dangerous his death blow in 1943, crushing ambiguities in our government's him in the v~e of a two-tront coali­ foreign policy. It has a;betted an tion attack on the European conti­ anti-United Nations policy of ap­ nent, thereby shattering the entire peasement on the part of our State Axis. Department toward Hitler's satel­ • • • lites--Mannertheim Finland, Franco MAY DAY MANIFESTO 389 Spain and the Peyroutons in North ter and Ehrlich. For these anti­ Africa. Soviet activities are part of the des­ 'The Western Front has also been perate effont of Hi.tler's friends to delayed because the appeasers have weaken the American-Soviet-Brit­ tried to palm off our magnificent ish coalition and prevent or delay military landing in Africa as a Sec­ common fighting action against Nazi ond Front. They have succeeded in Germany and its satellites. influencing some Administration On this May Day, the American leaders into accepting the suicidal people must strengthen to the ut­ proposition tha:t it is advisable to most the fighting alliance of the postpone an invasion of Europe un­ United. States, ou~ great SO'Viet ally til the Tunisian operation is com­ and. Great Britain! For this is the pleted, thereby allowing Hitler and key to our common victory. We Rommel to rob us of valuable time. must consolidate the bonds of They are likewise trying to divert American - Soviet friendship and. America's military mighit from the collaboration to win victory. We decisive arena of the war in Europe, must greatly extend. and. speed. the to the Pacific, the better to prolong shipment of war supplies · to the Hitler's life and the Japanese war U.S.S.R. We must increase our aid. lordS along with him. to heroic China. We must reinforce In the forefront of their treacher­ the unity of all the United. Nations. ous activlfty to avert a Second Front We m·ust put an end. to all appease­ and prevent the unconditional sur­ ment tsnd.encies in our foreign render of the Axis, the defeatists of policy. the stripe of Hoover-Hearst-Dies By the same token, the unity of try to muddy the waters of Ameri­ American labor with the SO'Viet and. can-Soviet friendship and unity. In British workers-the forging of the spirit of Hitler and Goebbels world. labor unity against Hitlerism they are trying to resurrect the -becomes a basic weapon, an im­ "bogey of Bolshevism" and to or­ mediate war necessity for the na­ ganize an anti-Soviet and a Red­ tion and. labor. lit is necessary to baiting campaign. hasten the defeat of llitler's Axis. On this May Day, the American It is essential to consolidate -the al­ people, and particularly lalbor, must liance of the United Nations and maintain sharp vigilance against all peoples. World. labor unity is a key anti-Soviet incitements, including to victory. such outrageous anti-Soviet plots as are being hatched in the "cordon • • • sanitaire" intrigues of the Berle­ The American working people Bullitt cliques. They must rejeot the gave Washin~n his Valley Forge anti-Soviet provocations such as contingents. They gave Lincoln the have 1been organized recently by troops and equipment to win on the the New Leader-Du:binsky-Norman battlefield and the political backing Thomas "Socialists'' around the ex­ with which to rout the Copperheads ecution of two Polish Quislings, AI- and save the Union. The same duty, 390 MAY DAY MANIFESTO only vastly greater, confronts the Because American laibor has not American people, especially the yet cemented its own unity, nor de­ working class, its trade unions and veloped sufficient political initiative, its Communist Party, in this peo­ it has given ground to the reaction­ ple's war of national liberation. aries, the Soviet-baiters, and the This May Day American labor is other enemies of our country. It has confronted with the duty of forging enabled the defeatists and reaction­ unity of aetion in its own ranks and aries in Congress to obstruct the of acting as the foremost champion goV:ernment's war program and to and unifier of the nation, as the make headway in a vicious attack most resolute figljiter against fas­ against the labor movement. cism. It is called upon to act as the Labor's lack of unity in turn vanguard in the camp of national spreads weaknesses to all other vital unity for the solution of the na­ sectors of the war eftOl'lt. lit enables tion's most urgent task--the march the reactionary ·~ bloc" to de­ to battle against Hitler, center of ceive the working farmers and city the Axis. middle classes. It leaves the way It is in the immediate establish­ open for tendencies within the gov­ ment of its own unity, of joint ernment to conciliate the appeasers struggle and collaboration with all and reactionaries. It plays into the win-the-war Democrats, Republi­ hands of the inflationary profiteers, cans and other patriots, and in the the apostles of profl.ts-'as-usual, and forging of unity of action with the t-he labor baiters. labor movements of otl!Jer lands, Above all it is the Axis, especially that American labor will speed vic­ Hitler's reeling armies in Europe, tory of the United Nations over who profit the most by the lack of Nazism-fascism and the defeatists labor's unity within its own ranks and Quislings within our borders. and with its brother labor move­ The American working class, ments of the United Nations. urging the unity of all classes and For the costly result of the ab­ groups for victory, has proved itself sence of labor unity is to play into the class most capable of sacrifice the hands of those who wish to and struggle, as the im!Plaooble foe weaken national unity and to delay of Hitlerism and its fifth column. the opening of the Second Front; Yet American labor's decisive who wiSh to impede the solution of contribUJtions to the winning of the the problems of our war economy, war have been weakened by the ab­ the checking of inflation, as well as sence of unity within its own midst. the CUI"bing of the anti-semitiC' and The Hutcheson-Woll-Lewis reac­ Jim-Crow activities of the fifth col­ tionaries and appeasers, ·as well as umn. the anti-Soviet Social-Democrats, That is why on this First of May, continue to promote division and remembering that May Day was in­ carry into the labor movement the itiated by American labor through influence of the saboteurs of vic­ the A. F. of L. in 1887 to organize tory. common action for labor's demands, MAY DAY MANIFESTO 391 the fighters for labor unity will re­ economy, to help make the labor­ new their efforts to develop every­ management committees function, where tlw unity of action of the to encourage the wage incentive C.I.O., the A. F. of L. and the Rail- system under collective bargaining. 1'0ad Brotherhoods,--of Laborites, It likewise pledges itself to organize Communists, Democratic. and Re­ the unorganized, to strengthen its publican workers and adherents-of unions with hundreds of thousands Negro a.nd white workers. of women and NegrO' workers and ThiS is why the American work­ to safeguard their rights and inter­ ing class should dedicate itself on ests. May Day to advance the struggle This May Day, too, American la­ for united labor action on the field bor resol.ves to press more energeti­ of production, on the legislative and cally to curb inflation and war electoral fronts, in the fight for the profiteering. It demands that aU Second Front and the solidarity of parts of the President's seven-point world labor and thle United Nations. economic stabilization program shall This is why all patr.io~ic workers be adopted and enforced. It insists and anti-fascists should take up that Oongress, the O.P.A. and the anew, and resolutely organize com­ Office of Economic Stabilization mon action--in every factory and shall stop appeasing the profiteers, plant, in every city and state, and shall really halt the rise ia prices, on a national scale-to insure vic­ rents and the cost of living. It de­ tory over fascism. mands that profits be curbed and This is why labor should strength­ that Congress enact a tax program en its ties and develop joint action based on ability to pay. It insists for winning the war with the farm­ that sub-standlCU'd wages and wage ers, the Negro people, the youth, inequalities shall be eliminated. It and with all other patriotic groups. demands that the health, working On this May Day, the American efficiency and standards of the working class re-af]irms its pledge workers, the farmers, the youth, and of uninterrupted production and the dependents of the soldiers shall dedicates itself to the speeding up be protected. of the production of all war weap­ To further strengthen the nation­ ons with which our sons on the bat­ al war effort, labor is especially de­ tlefield and our allies can smash the termined to rout the appeaser forces Hitler barbarians before the year is in and outside of Congress. It is out. It resolves that the weapons it determined to defeat the reactionary forges shall be put to immediate anti-Administration coalition of the use to invade Europe. It resolvas to Ta£ts, Vandenbergs, Wheelers and provide additional weapons to crush Dieses. It is resolved to rally a ma­ J apa1tese fascist-militarism. jority of Congress behind the Com­ For this purpose, labor, which mander-in-Chief. It is starting to has already performed miracles in weld a patriotic coalition of labor the battle of production, pledges it­ and farmers, Negro and white, of self to work for a centralized war win-the-war Democrats and Repub- 392 MAY DAY MANIFESTO licans, of Communists and Farmer­ gJ.es of the Red Army, in the mighty Laborites. It is determined to ex­ achievements of socialist industry tend labor's representation in the and agriculiture, in the fraternal government and in all war agencies. unity Of the liberated nations that It is working for the removal of the live, work and ·battle unitedly in obstructionists and defeatists from the U.S.S.R. On this traditional d'ay public office and all governmental of international soJ.idarity, world bodies, and demands resolute meas­ labor and all progressive mankind ures to smash the fifth column. salute the leader and genius of the On May Day the working people · heroic Red Army and Soviet people also proi>ose additional measures to -Joseph Stalin. strengthen national war morale and Qn this May Day, American labor our nation's fighting strength. They rededicates itself to forging un­ insist: Protect the rights of labor. breakable bonds of solidarity with Abolish Jim-Crow in industry and the workers and the peoples of the the armed forees. A:bolish the poll Soviet Union, Great Britain, China tax. Outlaw anti-Semitism. Put an and all our allies-to establish that end to discrimination against Com­ unity of joint military action w'Mch munists and other anti-fascists in i$ indispensable for victory, for the war industries, government agen­ complete surrender of the Axis, for cies, and our armed foc<:es. the establish'TI'I4?nt of a just and en­ Further, ~bor and the people de­ during peace. mand: Reinrforee the Four Free­ The American ;people are strength­ doms. Free the anti-fascist prison­ ened in their resolve for victory by ers in North Africa. Speed the na­ the knowledge that on this May Day tional independence of India and its our gallant soldiers, sailors and air­ defense against Axis aggression. men in Africa and the Pacific, our Hasten the national freedom of heroic seamen in the merchant ma­ Puerrto Rico. Free Prestes in Brazil rine, and our heroic brothers in the and the imprisoned anti-fascists in Soviet, British and Chinese armies, Argentina. as well as the ·brave partisans in These measures will .strengthen Yugoslavia, Poland, France, and the national unity and our war effort. other occupied countries, are strik­ They are war measures advanced ing fateful blows at the Axis enemy. by .the trade unions, the Commu­ On this May Day, the working nists, and other anti-fascists to ac­ class, from Communists to conser­ celerate a United Nations victory. vatives, renews its pledge of support and loyalty to the Commander-in­ * * * Chief, President Roosevelt, pledging On this May Day, American la­ all its energy and devotion for the bor, together with all patriots, hails fulfillment of our nation's most im­ the workers' state, the Soviet media.te, most urgent need-the Union, land of socialism, country Second Front invasion of Europe. of free workers and peasants. It takes great pride in the epic strrug- • • • MAY DAY MANIFESTO 393

Workingmen and Workingwomen! tional unity and speed victory! Fellow Americans! Advance the unity of the anti­ Make this May Day a day of unit­ Hitler coalition by establis1¥ing joint ed people's actions to carry through action of the trade union movements the military decisions of the Casa­ of the Americas, the Soviet Union, blanca Conference, to step up war Great Britain and the workers of production, to ensure the total war the world! mobilization of our nation! Consolidate hemispheric unity Forward to a joint spring offen­ against the Axis and the anti­ sive of the armed forces of the fascist unity of the governments U.S.A., tlve U.S.S.R. and Britain in and peoples of Latin and North a two front war against Hitler Ger­ America! many .in Europe! Everything to win the peoples' Strengthen the friendship and uJar of national liberation! Every­ fighting alliance of our country and thing to smash Hitl.er and crush the its Soviet, British and Chinese Al­ Axis! lies! Open the Second Front now and Forge the patriotic, anti-fascist put an end to Hitlerism in 1943! unity of our nation in support of the NATIONAL COMMITTEE, win-the-war policies of our Com­ COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE mander-in-Chief! UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Organize unity of action of the WM. Z. FOSTER, C.I.O., the A. F. of L. and the Rail­ Chairman road Brotherhoods to enhance la­ EARL BROWDER, bor's patriotic role, consolidate nci- General Secretary NOTE OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT ON THE DECISION TO SUSPEND RELATIONS WITH THE POLISH GOVERNMENT

(Presented by Pe(YJ>le's CommissaT of FOTeign A'f!aiTs Vyacheslav Molotov to the Polish Ambassad.OT on April 25.)

N INSTRUCTIONS of the Gov­ fascist elements recruited by them O ernment of the Union of Soviet in occupied Poland where every­ Socialist Republics I have the honor thing is· under Hitler's heel and to bring to the attention of the Pol­ where an honest Pole cannot openly ish Government the following: voice his opinion. The Soviet Government considers Into this "investigation" both the the behavior of the Polish Govern­ Polish Government and the Hitler ment of late with regard to the . Government invited the Interna­ U.S.S.R. entirely abnormal and vio­ tional Red Cross, which, in condi­ lating all rules and standards in tions of a terroristic regime, with its relations between two allied states. gallows and mass extermination of The hostile slander campaign the civilian population, is com­ against the Soviet Union begun by pelled to take part in this investi­ the German fascists in connection gation comedy whose director is with Polish officers killed by them Hitler. in the district of Smolensk on terri­ It is understandable that such an tory occupied by German troops "investigation," conducted, more­ was immediately taken up by the over, behind the back of the Soviet Polish press. The Polish Govern­ Government, cannot compel the ment not only did not give a rebu,tf trust of any honest people. The fact to the vile fascist slander against that the hostile campaign against the U.S.S.R. but did not even deem the Soviet Union was begun simul­ it necessary to address any ques­ taneously in the German and the tions to the Soviet Government or Polish press and was conducted to· ask for explanations on this mat­ along the same lines leaves no ter. doubt as to the existence of contact Havilig perpetrated a monstrous and complicity between Hitler, the crime on the Polish officers, the enemy of the Allies, and the Polish Hitler authorities are playing an in­ Government with regard to the vestigation comedy in the staging of conduct of this hostile campaign. which they utilized Polish pro- At a time when the peoples of 394 NOTE OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT 395 the Soviet Union are bleeding in ernment to wrest from it territorial hard struggle against Hitler Ger­ concessions at the expense of the in­ many, straining every effort to de­ terests of the Soviet Ukraine, Soviet feat the common enemy of the Byelorussia and Soviet Lithuania. Russian and Polish peoples and of All these facts compel the Soviet all freedom-loving, democratic Government to recognize that the countries, the Polish Government, present Government of Poland, to please Hitler's tyranny, is strik­ having stooped to the path of com­ ing a treacherous blow at the Soviet plicity with the Hitler Government, Union. has actuaMy abrogated allied rela­ The Soviet Government is aware tions with the U.S.S.R. and has that this hostile campaign against adopted a position of hostile rela­ the Soviet Union has been unde:r:­ tions to the Soviet Union. taken by the Polish Government in On the basis of all this the Soviet order to utilize the Hitlerite piece of Government has decided to suspend slanderous forgery for bringing relations with the Polish Govern­ pressure to bear on the Soviet Gov- ment.

396 396

without without shot shot were were Stakhanovites, Stakhanovites, 1943. 1943. 19, 19, April April

Moscow, Moscow, in in PraYd4, PraYd4, of of editorial editorial an an * * Reprint Reprint women women and and men men and and unions unions trade trade

and and organizations organizations pUJblic pUJblic of of ficials ficials

of­ mainly mainly

people, people, of of

"Hundreds "Hundreds

case, case, the the being being This This people. people. Polish Polish

the the of of 1941: 1941: 8, 8, August August on on executioners executioners the the wrote wrote of of tions tions

Bureau Bureau inven­ Information Information slanderous slanderous Soviet Soviet and and the the trickery trickery the the

supported supported tragedy, tragedy, actually actually Lvov Lvov the the thus thus and and ateurs ateurs Summarizing Summarizing

provoc­ Lvov." Lvov." Goebbels' Goebbels' in in of of bait bait the the atrocities atrocities for for fell fell "Bolshevik "Bolshevik

inexcusably inexcusably about about about about leaders leaders lie lie Polish Polish heinous heinous The The and and derers derers

slan­ Nazi Nazi the the exposed exposed murderers murderers organs. organs. Soviet Soviet

Hitlerite Hitlerite to to the the by by ascribed ascribed Lvov Lvov of of fraudulently fraudulently population population afterwards afterwards

peaceful peaceful the the of of executions executions and and mass mass the the executioners executioners Hitler's Hitler's by by done done

of of fact fact horrible horrible the the witnessed witnessed who who been been had had that that something something speaking, speaking,

persons persons of of Thousands Thousands troops. troops. cist cist corre.ctly corre.ctly non-existent-more non-existent-more thing thing

fas­ German German the the by by captured captured lation lation some­ investigate" investigate" "to "to Cross Cross Red Red

popu­ the the exterminating exterminating were were ites ites International International the the request request and and ites ites

Hitler­ the the that that proved proved revocably revocably Hitler­ the the of of provocations provocations vile vile the the

ir­ who who witnesses witnesses Hitlerites, Hitlerites, the the of of up up pick pick to to than than other other nothing nothing did did

claws claws bloody bloody the the escaped escaped who who Lvov Lvov Ministry Ministry Polish Polish the the sense, sense, common common

of of inhabitants inhabitants the the of of statements statements to to contrary contrary nonetheless, nonetheless, And And

of of number number a a pUJblished pUJblished Bureau Bureau tions. tions.

Information Information Soviet Soviet the the time time that that provoca­ and and frauds frauds Hitlerite Hitlerite the the of of

At At Lvov." Lvov." in in terror terror Bolshevik Bolshevik of of object object the the haverealized haverealized should should ters ters

"victims "victims so-called so-called the the with with nection nection Minis­ Polish Polish the the that that seem seem would would

con­ in in 1941 1941 in in Lvov Lvov in in to to tried tried they they lies. lies. It It provocative provocative monstrous, monstrous,

way way same same very very the the in in acting acting now now for for records records all all broken broken since since long long

are are they they that that opinion; opinion; public public ing ing has has which which propaganda, propaganda, German German

influenc­ of of method method this this to to resorting resorting of of reputation reputation foul foul the the of of aware aware

are are liars liars Hitlerite Hitlerite the the that that time time first first well well been been have have should should Ministry Ministry

the the not not is is it it that that know know should should circles circles Polish Polish the the that that seem seem would would It It

ministry ministry Polish Polish the the Meanwhile, Meanwhile, Sikorski. Sikorski. eral eral

...... met met have have accomplices accomplices Gen­ of of circles circles Ministry Ministry the the by by also also

Polish Polish their their and and provocateurs provocateurs man man enough enough surprisingly surprisingly but but henchmen, henchmen,

Ger­ the the of of servile servile paths paths the the Hitler's Hitler's Thus Thus by by staged. staged. only only not not up, up,

had had criminals criminals picked picked his his were were which which 1940" 1940" that that in in gate" gate" organs organs Soviet Soviet

by by officers officers investi­ "to "to Polish Polish of of Cross Cross Red Red shooting shooting ''mass ''mass International International

the the the the asked asked regarding regarding too, too,

company company Hitler, Hitler, that that and and fact fact the the

T

at at surprised surprised be be to to reason reason no no is is there there Goebbels Goebbels of of concoctions concoctions foul foul HE HE

PARTNERS* PARTNERS* POLISH POLISH HITLER'S HITLER'S HITLER'S POLISH PARTNERS 397 trial or investigation. The German including even the visiting cards Storm Troopers ruthlessly bayonet­ and passports which they them­ ed anyone who tried to protest selves prudently inserted in the against the inhuman treatment of pockets of the savagely murdered the peaceful population by the Gestapo. officers, the clearer it becomes that "Hundreds of victims of the fas­ the Hitlerite executioners, who have cist terror were brought from all received their training in Rimmler's parts of the city to one place, after torture chambers, are describing which the inhabitants of Lvov, un­ their own rich experience. der threat of death, were rounded These foul inventions of the Hit­ up to look at the corpses which the lerite executioners pursue a definite fascists announced to be the 'vic­ object--to cover up the traces of tims of Bolshevik terror.' German their monstrous crimes, their own cameramen and photographers for which they will filmed the heaps of corpses and bloody misdeeds fabricated the frauds about 'Bolshe­ bear stern responsibility. Aware of vik atrocities.'" the great wrath of the whole of pro­ gressive mankind at the atrocities A similar heinous Nazi provoca­ against a defenseless and peaceful tion has been invented once again. population, and particularly against The Germans captured former Pol­ the Jews, the Hitlerites are strenu­ ish war prisoners engaged on con­ ously trying to incite gullible and struction work in 1941 in the dis­ naive persons against the Jews. tricts west of Smolensk and who, With this aim in view the Nazis together with many Soviet people, invented some kind of non-existent inhabitants of the Smolensk region, Jewish "commissars" who allegedly fell into the hands of the German took part in the murder of 10,000 fascist executioners in the summer Polish officers. These "commissars," of 1941 after the withdrawal of the Lev Rybak, Abraham Borisovich, Soviet troops from the Smolensk Paul Brodninsky and Haim Fine­ area. berg, named by the German Infor­ The Germans brutally murdered mation Bureau, never were in the the former Polish war prisoners and "Smolensk Department of the many Soviet people, and now they G.P.U." or for that matter in the want to cover up the traces of their organs of the People's Commissariat crimes; in the hope that there are of Home Affairs. credulous persons who will believe All these tales have been fabri­ this, they are trying to hide their cated a little too crudely and monstrous crimes by dishing up a clumsily to carry even a shadow of new portion of abominable inven­ truth, and they are too monstrous to tions. be given credence in any form or The Hitlerite sadists, with an measure whatsoever. amazing knowledge of the matter, In the light of these facts, the describe the "details" of the mur­ request of the Polish Ministry of der of the Polish officers. But the National Defense to the Interna­ more they describe these "details," tional Red Cross cannot !be esti-

German German slavery. slavery. enemy-Hitler. enemy-Hitler.

tically tically exterminating exterminating or or driving driving into into ple ple who who are are helping helping Peland's Peland's mortal mortal

Hitlerite Hitlerite executioners executioners are are systema­ will will turn turn away away from from them them as as peo­

tilated tilated the the Polish Polish people, people, whom whom the the cannibal cannibal Hitler. Hitler. The The Polish Polish nation nation

have have done done to to Poland, Poland, how how they they mu­ history history as as the the henchmen henchmen of of the the

world world knows knows what what the the Hitlerites Hitlerites of of the the Polish Polish people people will will go go down down in in

men men their their bloody bloody crimes. crimes. The The whole whole laborate laborate with with the the Nazi Nazi hangmen hangmen

forgive forgive the the support support German German it it and and fascist fascist are are hang­ ready ready to· to· col­

ples, ples, the the ingly ingly Polish Polish picked picked people people up up the the will will Hitlerite Hitlerite never never fraud, fraud,

And And these these Poles Poles who who Llke Llke have have other other will­ freedom-loving freedom-loving peo­

claim. claim. vocateurs vocateurs in in concocting concocting vile vile frauds. frauds.

honor honor have have won won to to outright outright world-wide world-wide help help ac­ the the Hitlerite Hitlerite pro­

Polish Polish courage, courage, mated mated heroism heroism as as anything· anything· and and but but direct direct and and

HITLER'S HITLER'S POLISH POLISH PARTNERS PARTNERS 398 398 THE ANTI-SOVIET CONSPIRACY IN THE UNITED STATES*

..BY EARL BROWDER

WISH to speak about the Ehr­ in the United States, of which Ehr­ I lich-Alter case in the United lich and Alter were agents, to con­ . States. firm the findings of the Soviet court. This case originates in a conspira­ If Ehrlich and Alter were true to torial effort of American citizens, the teachings and decisions of those organized on American soil, to over­ men in the United States who are throw the government of the Soviet their sponsors, then we know that Union, an Ally of the United States, they were as guilty as Benedict Ar­ at a moment when our own govern­ nold. And their American sponsors ment has declared the defense of testify publicly that their agents the Soviet Union is vital to the na­ were true to them. tional interests of the United States. A chief leader of the anti-Soviet The government of the United conspiracy in the United States. is a States had pledged itself to the So­ certain Mr. N. Chanin. Thds gentle­ viet Union, in the agreement of De­ man operates as a leader of the sO­ cember, 1933, that it would prevent called "Jewish Labor Committee." the operation from United States For years he has collected money in soil of any organization directed to­ this country to be used for secret ward tile overthroW of the govern­ conspiratorial work inside the 59- ment of the Soviet Union. But the viet Union. What was the nature of U. S. government has closed its eyes that .secret work? Mr. Chanin has to this conspiracy, has tolerated its himself described it, writing in the continued operations, and now per­ magazine Friend, issue of January, mits a mass campaign in this coun­ 1942: try in defense of the cNazi Germany as equally "to­ But Mr. Chanin, together with talitarian regimes"; it declares for Mr. Dubinsky, Mr. Albe Cahan, and a new League of Nations to which others of Russian origin who think Russia shall .be admitted "once she they should rule the Soviet peoples has been freed from totalitarian from afar, from New York, raise a rule." great howl about the loss of their Thls group of American con­ two agents inside the Soviet Union. spirators, with their allies from the They organize "protest meetings," emigration, appointed as their rep­ denounce the Soviet Government in resentatives in the Soviet Union the most unmeasured and slander­ Messrs. Ehrlich and Alter, and ous terms, and even inveigle a few heavily financed them through the misguided governmental. figures to channels of the Polish government­ lend their names to this outrageous in-exile, which are most extremely campaign. anti-Soviet and anti-Semitic. These It would be well to recall that agents, Ehrlich and Alter, were in­ these same gentlemen put up a pro­ formed that "the Stalin regime, too, test even more unconditional in de­ will be shot to pieces," and that the fense of Mr. Leon Trotsky. They "last shot will be fli-ed from free were the defenders of Zinoviev, America." Bukharin, Tukhachevsky, and the Evidently Ehrlich and Aliter took rest of the "fifth colUmn" in the the teachings and decisions of their Soviet Umon, whose execution de­ paymasters in New York at their prived Hitler of his Quislings. Now THE ANTI-SOVIET CONSPIRACY IN THE U. S. 401 they defend Ehrlich and Alter in the gime" was to be "shot to pieces." same terms, though without the None of them speaks for the Ameri­ same energy and confidence. can trade unions in expressing hos­ And how do they "defend" their tility tO the Soviet Union. two agents? Do they say that Ehr­ It is not my role to speak here in lich and Alter in the Soviet Union defense of the Soviet Union. Our were actually helping the Red Army great Ally needs no defense from win their glorious triumphs which me. I speak in defense of my own saved world 'Civilization from de­ country, the United States, which is struction? They do not dare make more endangered by this miserable such a claim, for it would fly in the conspiracy hatched on its soil than face of all their own declarations. is the Soviet Union. For it is a con­ Do they claim that the Soviet spiracy against the United Nations, Union is not intelligent enough to ~gainst victory itself. know its friends from its enemies, Let me ask Senator Mead, Mayor and that it executed the wrong La Guardia, and those responsible men? They do not dare make such labor leaders who fell into the anti­ a claim, for they themselves are Soviet net of conspiracy, to turn for not friends but enemies of the So­ inspiration rather to Thomas Jeffer­ viet Union. son. If they have no personal What they really say, boiled down knowledge of Ehrlich and Alter, to its essence, is to claim for their and they have not, they could at agents in the Soviet Union the sta­ least have maintained the position tus of "extra-territorial rights" ac­ Jefferson took when he faced the corded to ambassadors,. together conspiracy of Aaron Burr, the trai­ with the right, not accorded to any tor who had even more respectable one, even ambassadors, of organiz­ friends than Ehrlich and Alter. Jef­ ing to overthrow the government of ferson told us how to handle such the Soviet Union in the midst of conspirators in the following im­ life-and-death war. mortal words: Senator Mead loaned his name to the Chanin-Dubinsky-Cahan con­ "I did wish to see these people spiracy in connection with a public get what they deserved; and under meeting last Friday. Mayor La the maxim of the law itself, that Guardia did the same. Several labor inter arma silent leges, that in an leaders also allOIWed themselves to encampment expecting daily attack be . smeared with the mud of this from a powerful ene!I).y, !!elf-preser­ political underworld. Of course, vation is paramount to all law, I ex­ none of these men knows Ehr­ pected that instead of invoking the forms of Law to cover traitors, all lich and Alter as anything but good citizens would have concurred names. None of them has been told in securing them. Should we have that Ehrlich and Alter were work­ ever gained our Revolution, if we ing in the Soviet Union to prepare had bound our hands by manacles "the last sho.t"-to come from of the law, not only in the begin­ America-by which the "Stalin re- ning, but in any part of the revolu-

the the delay delay world, world, the the Second Second is is at at stake. stake. Front Front and and to to pre-

The The future future of of the the of of our our appeasers appeasers eountry, eountry, and and and and defeatists defeatists of of to to

alition. alition. imd imd Alter Alter is is a a part part of of this this response response

ler. ler. ing ing the the The The Anglo-Soviet-American Anglo-Soviet-American hullabaloo hullabaloo about about Ehrlich Ehrlich co­

conspiracy conspiracy to to is is carry carry directed directed America America toward toward to to break­ the the side side Hit­ of of

spiracy spiracy from from Soviet Soviet American American Union, Union, soil. soil. and and For For openly openly this this threaten threaten

club" club" to to clean clean method method out out the the of of Ehrlich-Alter Ehrlich-Alter dealing dealing with with con­ the the

their their For For campaign campaign this, this, however, however, for for the the it it is is "carrot "carrot necessary necessary and and

own, own, they they want want William William a a real real C. C. coalition coalition Bullitt Bullitt have have war. war. launched launched

the the Soviet Soviet vism." vism." Government Government The The and and our our New New York York and and Times Times

of of alliance alliance understand understand and and friendship friendship "the "the menace menace between between of of Bolshe­

trary trary they they to to want want the the "gentlemen "gentlemen a a long-term long-term of of treaty treaty the the West" West" who who

the the Soviet Soviet Government; Government; Goebbels Goebbels on on the the made made con­ his his frantic frantic appeal appeal

any any one one who who leadership leadership conspires conspires headed headed to to overthrow overthrow by by Salin. Salin. Herr Herr

tc tc want want have have Red Red Army Army nothing nothing and and to to the the do do with with genius genius of of its its

The The people people heroism heroism of of the the and and United United fighting fighting States States capacity capacity of of the the

Hitler Hitler domination. domination. blow blow of of destruction, destruction, by by the the amazing amazing

armies, armies, and and saving saving back, back, the the world world and and from from prepared prepared for for the the final final

ferred ferred upon upon are are us us being being by by cracking cracking whittled whittled the the down, down, Nazi Nazi pushed pushed

benefits benefits the the Soviet Soviet at at Union Union a a turning turning has has con­ point. point. The The Nazi Nazi armies armies

appreciation appreciation for for the the at at immeasurable immeasurable a a moment moment when when the the whole whole war war is is

expressions expressions of of deep deep United United friendship friendship States. States. and and This This agitation agitation comes comes

great great Soviet Soviet rise rise Ally, Ally, of of anti-Soviet anti-Soviet but but they they agitation agitation want want in in the the

do do not not want want any any "protests" "protests" But But there there to to is is our our reason reason to to deplore deplore the the

The The people people of of the the conspirators. conspirators. United United States States

because because it it is is a a socialist socialist lessly lessly country. country. at at its its counter-revolutionary counter-revolutionary

ally, ally, and and all all the the stronger stronger strike strike hard hard our our and and ally ally 'accurately 'accurately and and ruth­

country country of of socialism socialism is is our our has has natural natural always always had had stat~ stat~ the the courage courage to to

pear, pear, lbut lbut reason reason on on the the contrary contrary to to rejoice rejoice the the that that great great the the socialist socialist

Soviet Soviet agitators agitators The The try try whole whole to to make make democratic democratic it it ap­ world world has has

Union Union is is not not cialist cialist our our system. system. enemy, enemy, as as the the anti­

learned learned stroy stroy the the the the Soviet Soviet lesson lesson Union Union that that and and the the its its Soviet Soviet so­

the the United United those those States, States, who who however, however, share share their their have have aim aim to to de­

The The people people execution, execution, and and government government except except upon upon of of the the part part of of

ble-cross" ble-cross" of of the the Soviet Soviet there there Union. Union. is is no no reason reason to to deplore deplore their their

Wallace Wallace warned warned In In the the against against case case of of as as Ehrlich Ehrlich a a "dou­ and and Alter, Alter,

arations arations for for what what Vice Vice President President

XII, XII, p. p. 183.) 183.) with with Hitler. Hitler. is is a a part part It It the the prep­ of of

tionary tionary conflict?" conflict?" (Writings, (Writings, Vol. Vol. pare pare the the g;round g;round for for neg10tiations neg10tiations

402 402 THE THE ANTI-SOVIET ANTI-SOVIET CONSPIRACY CONSPIRACY IN IN THE THE U.S. U.S. FORGE WORLD LABOR UNITY!

BY ROY HUDSON

'J'1HE American trade union move­ Never in its history has the .1. ment has come a long way since American trade union movement May First, 1889. Then organized la­ been stronger. Today it is the sec­ bor initiated a national struggle for ond largest trade union movement the eight-hour day and launched a in the wol'lld and the most powerful national campaign to organize the organized group of workers in any workers behind this and other de­ capitalist country. Even though a mands. To strengthen its fight for united labor movement still must the eight-hour day and to establish be achieved, American labor, on a powerful trade union movement, this May Day, may well be proud American labor urged that the of the manner in which it has kept workers of the world join with thein the faith with those who founded in the struggle. It proposed that on the American trade union move­ May First trade unionists in all ment. countries demonstrate their solidar­ But, whatever its strength, what­ ity and unity behind the fighting ever its achievements, the fact re­ slogan launched by the trade union mains that on this May Day the movemelllt of America. trade union movement needs to At that time the eight-hour day marshal all its forces to fight for the was something to fight for, and the very existence of the trade unions. right of the workers to organize The organized strength of the work­ and the ability of the tmde unions ers was never greater; but never to organize them had still to be es­ have the enemies of labor been tablished. Now, in most industries more determined to destroy trade the eight-hour day has become an unionism along with every vestige established fact, collective bargain­ of democracy and the independence ing has become the rule and not of nations. The main enenues of the the exception. Today there are over trade unions today are those forces twelve million workers organized. whiCh destroyed unionism in Today American ;tabor is exerting France, Germany, Italy and the great political influence, is becom­ conquered countries of Europe. The ing a stronger independent political destruction of trade unions in those force, is playing a vital and indis­ nations enslaved by Hitler can leave pensable role in our national war no doubt what would happen to the effort. C.I.O., A. F. of L. and the Railroad 403 404 FORGE WORLD LABOR UNITY! Brotherhoods in the event Hitler "' and his allies were victorious. Never, since that May Day when Therefore labor is giving its all the world labor movement, at the and is prepared to make even great­ initiative of the American trade er efforts and sacrifices for our na­ unions, demonstrated their unity tion's independence and to guaran­ behind the common demand of the tee victory in the war. In so doing, eight-hour day, has world labor labor is doi.p.g its share to uphold taken such a common stand behind those democratic rights established a singJ.e common demand. Victory and guaranteed to all Americans by over fasciSI!Il is the central fighting the founders of our nation. It is also demand shared by every free trade defending those democratic laws undon throughout the world. and institutions and social gains The goal is agreed upon--but won by labor with the support of unity of lia!bor on a world scale as the dem.oeratic masses, which re­ well as unrity of American labor to spect the rights of the workers to achieve that goal still has to be organize, to bargain collectively, to won. This lack of unity cannot but secure the passage of social legisla­ weaken the cause Olf aN labor and tion necessary to the well-being of the people in the war against fas­ the workers, and make their voice cism. The initial steps in establish­ heard in the affairs of the nation, ing the basis for internatiooo'L labor not only to guaranJtee victory, but solidarity have already been taken to achieve a better world. by the formation of the Anglo-So­ Thus on May Day, 1943, organ­ viet Trade Union Committee. But ized labor must recognize squarely the American trade union move­ that the fight for a free America is ment still remains, on the whole, also a fight for a free trad~ union isolated and separated from its fel­ movement, that in fighting to de­ low trade unionists in other lands. fend America trade unionists are In failing to throw its great weight also fighting to defend and madn­ behind the Anglo-Soviet Commit­ tain their unions. As trade union­ tee, American labor has also dis­ ists they are fighting to maintain couraged the labor movements of those rights shared by ail Ameri­ other nations from taking prompt cans, and they are also fighting to action to cement world solidarity maintain trade unions established to win the war. Furthermore, this by the exercise of there rights. absence of world labor unity, for Thus, the task 'before the trade which American labor must accept union movement on this May Day grave responsibilities, has played is that task that units a][ patriotic into the hands of those who seek Americans together with the peo­ to undermine the unity of the ples of all countries-to win victory United States with Britain, the So­ over fasciSI!Il, and to win it speed­ viet Union and the rest of the Unit­ ily by ensuring real coalition war­ ed Nations and to disrupt the unity fare, an Anglo-American invasion of the American people behind our of Europe this spring. Commander-in-Chief. FORGE WORLD LABOR UNITY! 405 The cause of \lictory over Hitler's Britain and Soviet Russia- will Axis is endangered by the lack of judge the war effort and the stand international labor unity. On this of American labor on international May Day American labor has the labor unity primarily by the man­ solemn duty to the peoples of the ner in which American labor con­ United States, to our Allies, to the ducts an active, organized struggle enslaved peoples of Europe, to for the invasion of Europe and for pledge that it wlll leave no stone carrying forward the offensive unturned until the representatives against Hitlerism on all fronts. of the American trade union move­ Labor in America must face the ment take their rightful place be­ grim fact that if there was no side the organized workers of other Second Front in 1942--if the deci­ lands united with them in the joint sions ?f the Casablanca Conference struggle for the defeat of Hitler and have not yet been executed-if the the fascist Axis, for the independ­ enemies of these decisions have ence of all nations, for the freedom been able to force a discussion as to of all peoples, and for the cause of whether these should be reconsid­ labor throughout the world. ered, it is in no great part due to United struggle in support of the the fact that while labor supports common demand- the eight-hour wholeheartedly the policy for the day-was the manner in which offensive and coalition warfare, it American · labor approached the has not yet actively organized to question of international unity in fight to realize this policy. 1889. The idea that inspired labor United and determined struggle at that time-that the demands of upon the part of labor will arouse the workers could be won. only and mobilize the entire people, iso­ through the organized strength and late the defeatists, comJbat and struggle of the world working class counteract those who delay the --remains true today. Today Amer­ Second Front in their desire to ican labor can begin to fulfill its weaken our Allies in order to ad­ responsibilities, first of all, by dem­ vance their selfish interests by at­ onstrating its united active support tempting to secure American domi­ for every measure necessary for the nation in world affairs. Labor must invasion of Europe. The Second realize that there are some in Front is that common action neces­ America who still think they can sary to achieve the gocm of labor live in the same world with Hitler. and all the people-the military de­ There are some who greedily seek struction of fascism. to win the war in such a manner as Today, the workers in France, to serve their .special interests at the Poland, Belgium, Holland, Yugo­ expense of our Aldies and still fail slavia, and other CO)lll:tries, fighting to see that any attempt to do so to overthrow Hitler, to restore the endlangers victory and sacrifices the independence of their nations, and interests of America. And these to re-establish their trade unions­ forces must be combated and de­ as well as the organized workers in feated. 406 FORGE WORLD LABOR UNITY! American trade unionists know the trade unions of other nations. that they cannot live in the same For the trade unions of America to world with fascism and that the join hands with other labor move­ cause and interests of American la­ ments is an act of confirming and bor are served only if all nations guaranteeing that the pledge of the are free and the rights of the work­ Government of the United States to ers are respected everywhere. cooperate with our Allies in waging Therefore, as that class which is war for the unconditional surrender an uncompromising foe of fascism of the Axis and the solution of post­ and the staunchest defender of war problems will be fulfilled by democracy and the rights of all the the people. The failure to take this people, labor must develop the step cannot but mean that the ene­ greatest initiative in .the struggle mies of victory are still in a power­ against the defeatiSts and all those ful position to wage their struggle forces who hamper our patriotic and against the policies of the United just war, who try to disrupt our Nations and that labor and the peo­ alliance with the Soviet Union, ple bave not yet learned how to Britain, China and the other United fight effectively for implementing Nations. the policies of their government and Thus, by energetically fighting to influence its course. for the speedy opening of the Sec­ If the expressed des>ire of the ma­ ond Front in Europe, American jority of the American workers for labor wili ad'V'ance the cause of vic­ international unity has been thwart­ tory, strengthen its ties with the ed, it is because only a section of labor movement in other countries, labor fully appreciates the urgency and weaken and isolate those who of labor solidarity tO win the war are opposed to world labor unity. and the fact that there can be no international labor cooperation if • • • the trade unions of the Soviet P}).ilip Mmray recently made a Union are excluded. statement of profound significance The Hutchesons, Wolls and Du­ when he said: "If we are United binskys have opposed participation Nations in fact, we must be so in of the A. F. of L. in the Anglo­ practice--not only in the relations Soviet Committee on the Goebbels­ between governments but in the re­ inspired pretense and slander that lations between the trade unions of the trade unions of the Soviet Union the United Nations." One might add are not free. Philip Murray gave a -there can be no United Nations fitting answer to this slanderous in fact unless it is confirmed in proposition when he declared: practice by labor and the people. The most effective fight for- the "The C.I.O. doesn't see any valid­ program of the United Nations and ity to the objections of the A. F. of against its enemies cannot be de­ L. to collaboration with the unions veloped if at the same time Ameri­ of the Soviet Union and has said so can labor remains separated from publicly." FORGE WORLD LABOR UNITY! The Wolls, Hutchesons, Lewises ing the position of the A. F. of L. and Dubinskys can be defeated only Executive Council or remaining when an labor meets this issue as passive or silent in the face of it, squarely as have Murray and the as have many Left and progressive C.I.O. American labor must face the win-the-war forces, resulits in con­ fact that it has already paid dearly fusing issues instead of defining by its failure actively to take up the them, enables the defeatists to hide cudgels against those who oppose their position, weakens the strug­ international labor cooperation. It gle against the fifth column, and can no longer afford to remain helps those who seek to promote silent and passive when the fate of disunity in the ranks of the labor the United States and the world and movement, in the nation, and among the very existence of the labor the United Nations. movement are at stake, jeopardized Likewise, certain leaders of the by the policies of those who long British unions, like Sir Walter ago lost the confidence of the great Citrine, do not serve the interests majority of the workers. of international solidarity, to which There can be no -doulbt that the the British Trade Union Congress position of the A. F. of L. Executive is committed, when they capitulate Council is in confiiclt with the sen­ to the anti-C.I.O., anti-Soviet line timent of the A. F. of L. member­ of Hutcheson, Woll & Company. ship, which has an undying hatred Most of those forces who still of fascism and of those un-Ameri­ have blind prejudices against Com­ can forces in our country who munism recognize that the weaken­ would conclude a negotiated peace ing of the Soviet Union or its de­ with Hitler, Mussolini and the Mi­ strlliCtion would be fatal to the Jmdo.· But failure of the A. F. of L. cause of victory. Yet some of these to cooperate with the unions of the forces are being used for this pur­ Soviet Union plays into the hands pose when they fall into the trap of those who fight against collabora­ set by those who slanderously tion by the government and people charge that "there are no free of the United States with the gov­ unions in the Soviet Union." It has

ernment and peoples of the Soviet already made some of them partici- r Union. Labor cannot effectively pants in the anti-Soviet incitements fight against these dangerous forces organized by anti-Soviet Social­ and at the same time tolerate the' Democrats in connection with the present position of the A. F. of L. Alter-Ehrlich case. Such labor lead­ Executive Council, because this ers as Thomas Lyons, William means acceptance of the basic prop­ Green, or even such men as Harvey ositions of Hitler and the defeatists Brown, should ask themselves that the Soviet Union is a "menace" whether they share the same pro­ to the existence of other nations gram as Raphael Abramowitch and and that collaboration is impossible others ·whose professed program is between nations with different to "free" Russian labor by over­ types of economic systems. Uphold- throwing the Soviet Union. It is 408 FORGE WORLD LABOR UNITY! difficult to believe that such men oppose them on the question of support this Hitlerite anti-Soviet support of the Roosevelt Adminis­ policy. That is why they should tration and its victory policies, who face the fact that in lending their oppose them on the question of names to the so-called Conference unity with the C.I.O., break with on International Labor Affairs they their reactionary and defeatist op­ are in danger of beconN.ng :the dupes position to international labor of those who, in violation of the unity. policy of the United States and The Soviet Union, the first social­ against its national interests, con­ ist state, founded by the Russian spire to bring about the downfall working class which rallied around of the government of our Ally, the it all the democratic peoples of Soviet Union. Russia, is acknowledged by all That is the logic of the situation, countries fighting for their freedom . these are the conclusions drawn by as the bulwark of this global war the enemies of international labor against fasciSR'l. The contribution of unity-and all ·the win-the-war this great state, founded by a sec­ forces, whatever their views on the tion of the world working class, communist form of society, should emphasizes the role played by the recognize that victory in the war working class of every country in requires the firmest possible unity the common struggle of all human­ between the United States and the ity. Whatever a trade unionist Soviet Union and that the enemies might think about communism, hf' of the policy of coalition war and cannot but recognize that the So­ the United Nations seek to defeat viet Union expresses the will and these policies with the aid of the achievement of the Russian work­ Goebbels slogan: International la­ ers and that their contribution to bor unity must exclude the unions the war effort is a part of the con­ of the Soviet Union. tribution of the world working class Failure to take a stand on the to the common struggle of all peo­ fundamental question of collabora­ ple. He cannot burt feel that the tion with the unions of the Soviet decisive contributions of the Soviet Union not only retards international Union to the war effort have en­ labor unity by surrendering to the hanced the standing and prestige of position of Woll and Hutcheson, but the workers and organized labor in it also enables these anti-unity, the eyes of the people in every anti-Roosevelt and anti-Soviet country. He can tru:ly feel that the forces to prevent the win-the-war contributions of the Soviet Union forces from uniting to oppose them are part of the collif;ributions of his on all ather decisive questions. class and therefore have greater Hutcheson, Woll and Company can pride and confidence in the class of be isoliated, their stranglehold on which he is a member. Above the Executive Council broken, their everyrthing else he cannot but rec­ conspiracy with Lewis smashed, ognize that unity of American la­ only if the win-the-war fOrces who bor with the trade unions of the FORGE WORLD LABOR UNITY! 409 Soviet Union, representing the most strengthen the fight for interna­ powerful and decisive sections of tional unity. If those sections of the the world labor mov.ement, in­ labor movement that have already creases the strength of the Ameri­ registered a firm stand, especially can and world trade union move­ the C.I.O. and Railroad Brother­ ment and its ability to help guaran­ hoods, take such immediate steps tee victory over the Hitler Axis, as are practical to establish direct maintain the independence of every contact with the unions of Britain nation, secure freedom for all peo­ and the Soviet Union, it win fur­ ples, and insure the existence and ther streng·then the stru~e against strengthening of the organized la­ the Hutchesons and WoNs. In this bor movement of the world. respect the decision of the automo­ bile, electrical, and maritime unions *· * * of the C.I.O. to send delegations to The Wolls, Hutohesons, the Du­ these two great nations and directly binskys and Lewises have su~­ exchange greetings and experiences ed in blocking labor unity; but they with the trade unions of Britain have not succeeded in holding back and the Soviet Union is of great the fight for world labor coopera­ significance. For it shows that one tion and in preventing it from gain­ of the objective of the Hutchesons ing strength. The C.I.O. and the and Wolls, which is to prevent any Railroad Brotherhoods have reject­ kind of contact from being esta·b­ ed the anti-Soviet position of these lished by the American unions, gentlemen and have taken a firm whether C.I.O. or A. F. of L., with stand for international unity. And the trade unions of other countries, one can say that the reactionary and especially with the Soviet clique in the Executive Council has Union, is now being counteracted. been able to dictate its policies These steps, together with .the de­ · mainly by default of the progres­ cisions of the C.T.M. of Mexico to sives in the A. F. of L. on this is­ seek affiliation with the Anglo­ sue. The blows struck against the Soviet Committee, and its recom­ position of the Executive Council mendation for a Hemispheric Con­ and for international cooperation by ference of Unions to consider simi­ a large number of central labor lar steps, are all indications that bodies, state federations, a few in­ the struggle for international labor ternational unions, as well as the unity on this May Day can enter a work of the New York committee, higher stage in which it is possible aM show that where the issue is to strengthen and speed up the joined and leadership given the whole struggle. membership of the A. F. of L. takes But this requires, above every­ a stand for grasping the hand of thing else, action upon the part of the trade unionists in the Soviet the memlbership of the A. F. of L. Union and every other land. Let every loc-al union speak out for Today it is both possible and affiliation to the Anglo-Soviet Trade necessary to carry forward and Union Committee and through the 410 FbRGE WORLD LABOR UNITY! central bodies, state conventions The efforts of American labor to and · international unions of the secure the speedy invasion of Eu­ A. F. of L.; let the true voice of rope by Britain and the United the membership be heard. And States, to increase production, to more than resolutions are possible back up the hand of President and necessary. The estaiblishment Roosevelt, isolating the defeatists, of direct contact with correspond­ strengthening national unity, and ing unions·in Britain and the Soviet cementing our nation's alliance with Union, as well as the exchange of the SOviet Union, Great Britain and e~eriences through regular cor­ the other United Nations, can all respondence are of great impor­ be reinforced and strengthened tance. Likewise, direct action by through the fulfiiJJment of the re­ international unions of the A. F. sponsibilities of the American trade of L. to break dowh the barriers union movement in the struggle erected by the Executive Council, for the unity of the world trade by following the example set by union movement in support (}f the some of the C.I.O. unions, could be people's war against iascism and a death-blow to the Hutchesons and for the independence of all nations Wol1s. and the freedom of all peoples. MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE

BY V. J. JEROME

I Laurent tCil say, three months after his escape from Fruce, "If there ITH the great Soviet offensive is an Allied landing [in France] ,W of the past winter the war of within the next month or two, it the United Nations advanced to a will be aided by a powerful upris­ new stage. The fascist invader was ing."* The rout of ·Rommel's army hurled back...... 'beyond the starting in Egypt and the Allied offensive point of his 1942 offensive. One operations in North Africa the sig"'­ hundred and eighty-five thousand nal victories over the J~anese i.n square miles of Soviet territory Midway, the .Coral Sea, the Solo­ were liberated. Over a million Nazi _mons, and New Guinea; the mass air troops were killed or captured, and abSaults upon Germany and Italy­ mountainous stocks of armaments all these actions indicated that the seized or destroyed. From Velikie tide of the war had turned in favor Luki to Rostov, major strong-points of the United Nations; that the So­ were reconquered. The Leningrad ~:e~dvictories had, in Stalin's words, siege was raised. The Nazis were a1 a firm foundation for victory expelled from the greatest part of over the German fascist armies." the Caucasus. The Rzhev-Vyazma The strategic means of realizing this salient was cleared. And in the most advantage was the launching of the stupendous defeat in the history of Anglo-American invasion of Eu­ wars Hitler's entire Sixth Army rope: the conditions for the Second was destroyed at Stalingrad. These Front were now more evtidently mighty feats of victory on the East- favorable than ever before. ern Front blazed before the eyes of Thus, the Casablanca Conference the peoples of the United Nations oalled for "unconditional surren- opening, as never since the out~ der." The United States and Britain break of the war, vistas to victory. pledged to extend the secondary of- A tremendous resurgence of guer- fensive operations in North Africa rilla warfare now marked the strug- to the decisive European theatre of gle of the Axis-yoked peoples of the war. Europe. The subjugated nations evi- In this situation, Nazism resumed denced their restiveness-leading, its "peace" offensive, offering itself for example, the conservative - ·French ex-Deputy C. J. Fernand- N ow• FY orlc, "" Muchadclreoo 24, at 1943.the Ova-seas Press Club • 411 412 MARXISM, PRUSSIA:NISM, AND MR. WALLACE again as a club against Bolshevism able the Anglo-American partici­ -.as the guarantor of Europe's des-:­ palllts at the peace table "to talk tiny! The Nazi chieftains pleaded tougher to Russia." Thus, that ex­ with the "gentlemen" (as Goering pert at Munichism and anti-Soviet put it) in England and the United intrigue, William C. Bullitt, warned States to return to the policy of America of the "danger" that after Munich. Hitler-Germany has been smashed, Of course, their aim was to have "the real club will be in the hands their "peace" plea caught up by of Stalin." Thus, "negotiated-peace" their friends abroad. plotter Herbert Hoover launched his The pro-fascists and defeatists in campaign against opening the Sec­ the United States colla!borated well ond Front in 1943: a new and point­ with the Berlin demagogues-to ed extension of ·his proposal to "feed disrupil; nationai unity, block the the children of Europe"-in effect, Western Front, undermine the coal­ a prQPOsal to :fill the granaries of ition of the United Nations, and Hitler! prepare a "negotiated peace" to The Berlin "peace" offensive was avoid defeat of the Axis. They per­ facilitated by the irresponsible and formed the English version of the provocative assertions of Ambassa­ Berlin "help-us-save-Europe" rou­ dor Standley in regard to our Soviet tine: they vociferated about the ally. bugbear of Communism; they de­ And the same Berlin "peace" of­ manded to know the Soviet "inten­ fensive was echoed in the attempt tions"; they professed fear for the by a disruptive Social-Democratic fate of Europe if the Red Army clique to fomenrt an Alter-Ehrlich should be victorious; they attempt­ anti-Soviet hysteria. ed to pervert the Atlantic Charter Among the loudest in the anti­ into an instrument for dismember­ Soviet chorus has been the familiar ing the Soviet Union and: foisting voice of the fascist-minded Polish reactionary governments on the gentry, including their representa­ pe9ples of the Baltic, Byelorussian, tives in the emigre government. Western Ukrainian, and Moldavian At the very moment when the Red Soviet Republics; they built up Army was most rapidly driving pvospects of post-war antagonisms westward and threatening to clear between the' United States and the Poland of the fascist occupation. U.S.S.R.; in fine, they sought new forces, certain Polish emigre circles means (where once their lamentable chose to speculate on Poland's post­ protege Mannerheim-Finland had war "eastern boundaries." In this, served) for creating a new coalition against the Soviet Union. the Polish fascistic element derived Thus, the notorious editorial in aid from Premier Wladislaw Sikor­ the defeatiSt New York Daily News ski's provocative and pro-Hitler of February 6, in commenting on voicing of certain "disagreements" our big-army plans, hopefully spec­ with the Sovi'et Government on the ulated that a large army would en- part of the Polish government-in- MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE 413 exile.* Polish emigre publications in were thrown into a state of destruc­ England have brought forth a flood tive confusion by the Nazi "peace" of imperialistic sentiments and inci­ barrage. Such vacillating elements tations against the Soviet Union, are influenced toward arguments resurrecting the old annexationist and meneuvers that render them at cries of the Colonel Becks and the times indistinguishable from the de­ Marshal Pilsudskis. Thus, the Polish featists. journal Utro Polske (Lond0n) Thus, the New York Times has would have it that "Poland is situ­ intermittently confounded its posi­ ated between two aggressive states." tion through involvement in the To si1ch whinings the noted So­ current drive against American­ viet Ukrainian dramatist, Alxender Soviet friendship and coalition war­ Korneichuk, gave the lie recently fare. It has at times lent support in answering one such Polish reac­ to the imperialistic designs to per­ tionary: vert the Atlantic Charter, which af­ "He is waiting in London for the firms the rights of nations to self­ Red Army to smash the Germans, determination, into a premise for and then he will return from Eng­ the creation of a new cordon sani­ land with 'the right of struggle' taire of anti-Soviet buffer states; against the Soviet Ukvaine, against it has bvazenly impugned the mo­ the Soviet Ukrainian people." tives of our Soviet ally ("The Eu­ ropean nations did not go to war In recognition of the insidious ef­ agrainst Httler to submit to Russian fect of Nazi propaganda on certain domination"*) and it has brought influential American spheres the forward one specious argument af­ noted foreLgn correspondent Wil­ ter another designed to block Allied liam Shirer wrorte in the New York global strategy and the opening of Herald Tribune on March 28: the Second Front. "It is a melancholy comment on Unfortunately, the Administra­ the success of [Nazi] propaganda to tion has not yet fully and actively see intellligent circles in this coun­ implemented itfl fundamentally cor­ try subscr1bing to the thesis that rect war program with consistent the Atlantic Charter must be raised pol-icies. Instead of waging war on to oppose Russia's legitimate con­ all defeatists and obstructionists, it cern over her western frontiers-a concern no less legitimate and no has frequently shown a tendency to more opposed to the Charter than appease the appeasers. Basically, of our own preoccupation over the se­ course, the Administration adheres curity of our American frontiers." to the position established in the -U.S.S.R. War-Aid Agree­ Not only defeatists and pro-fas­ U.S.A. of June 11, 1942, and fortified cists-even some circles basically ment by the Casablanca decision for in­ interested in winning the war, but yading Europe this year. President weakened by anti-Soviet prejudices, Roosevelt in his 1943 Message to * This article was written prior to the report of the Soviet Union's severance of diplomatic relations with the Polish Government.-Ed. *March 21, 1943. 414 MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE Congress re-emphasized thrat unity litts, and Robert MU11Phys. It is high With our Allied leaders "is effective time that in America, too, the Mar­ in planning and carrying out the gessons and Moore-Brabazons be major strategy of this war and in forced out of public office by an building up and maintaining the embattled people's will. lines of supplies." Yet the Adminis­ tration tolerates men in strategic II posts in our State Department and It is disturbing in this situation, our diplomatic service, and in cer­ when our President has issued the tain other agencies including the slogan of "Unconditional Surren­ War Department, who have proved der," that even so outstanding a themselves hostile to Allied unity, proponent of United Nations soli­ in particular to the American-Soviet darity and advocate .of long-range Alliance; men who are undermining friendly relations witli the Soviet the " cooperative undertaking " Union as Vice-President Wallace pledged in the June 11 Agreement. has yielded important territory to What but madness can make for the Munichites. the toleration in· high places of ad­ In his speech of March 8, Wallace vocates of a cordon sanitaire against stressed understanding beltween the our Soviet ally? What, indeed, can Soviet Ultion and the United States permit the fostering of Hitlerian as an essential condition of fUture . anti-Sovietism in our foreign policy peace on a world scale. Thereby he but the "sheer madness" to which , strongly enhanced the service he The Times of London pointed in its has con:tintwusly rendered to the famous editorial of March 10: cause of the United Nations. Yet "To suppose that Britain and the the sPeech contained statements out United States, with the aid of some of accord with that service: state­ lesser European powers, could ments which can be put to the pur­ maintain permanent security in Eu­ poses of disunity by the reactionary rope through a policy whioh alien­ forces ii:t America. ated Russia and induced her to dis­ In that speech WaE:ace said of interest herself in continental af­ Marxism: fairs would be sheer madness." "This philosophy in some ways is It is high time that our Chief Ex­ the child of Prussianism, 'because ecutive rid the State Department of Marx, its high priest, was molded til policies a,nd personnel that have his thinking by Hegel, the great given our country's swpport, in a philosopiher of the Prussian State. war against fascism, to Vichy, to "Marxianism has used the Cheka, Franco, Mannerheim, Darlan, Pey­ just as Prussianism has used the routon, Mikhailovich, Otto of Haps­ Gestapo.... "* burg, Ti·bor Eckhardt of Hungary, What dark h~ts could be read and to Baltic "emissaries." into this statement! How easily this It is high time that we clear the decks of our ship of state of Mun­ • In a speech at Delaw~~re, Ohio, Match 8, iclrlte mutineers-the Berles, Bul- 1943. MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE 415 might be taken as text for further distinction in service in the Civil diatribes by the un-American Dies War, among whom August Willich Committee, of whose chairman Wal­ and Joseph Weydemeyer were com­ lace has declared: "The effect on missioned by Lincoln as generals of our morale would be less damaging the Union Army. if Mr. Dies wen~ on the Hitler pay­ The devotion of those early Com­ roll." munists in America to the cause of For refutation of this view of Union victory was one with the Marxism, we need only quote an­ consistent support tlw.t Marx, En­ other passage of Wallace's speech: gels, and the working cLass move­ ment they led in Europe rendered "The ancestors of many of the to the war for Negro emancipation people of German origin in the and the maintenance of the Union. United States were members of the President Lincoln acknowledged who dissent­ minority in Germany that truth in his message to the ed from the extremist tendencies to­ he ward militarism. Thousands of these First International, in whiCh dissenters migrated to this country said: in the twenty or thirty years after "The United States . . . derive the failure of the revolution of new encouragement to persevere 1848. Their children, grandchildren, from the testimony of the working­ and great-grandchildren today are men of Europe that the national at­ among our finest American citi­ titude is favored with their enlight­ zens." ened approval and earnest sympa­ In this minority of dissenters, the thies." voice of Karl Marx was clearest Marxism, far from being "the and boldest in denunciation of the child of Prussianism," is an inter­ Prussian State and all its evils. It national development, world-wide was in America, not Prussia, that in its originations as it is world­ the publication of Marx's classic embracing in its scope. British historical work, The Eighteenth political economy, French Socialist Brumaire, was first made possible! thought, and classical German phi­ It was the New York Daily Tribune, losophy were the main internation­ not a Berlin gazette, that after the al tributaries of Marxism, constitut­ defeat of the 1848 Revolution al­ ing, as Lenin said, "the three chief lowed Marx to write his commen­ ideological currents of the Nine­ taries on European events. teenth Century, represented respec­ The anti-Prussianist disciples of tively by the three most advanced Karl Marx in the United States, countries of humanity." working in closest harmony with Marxism embodies in scientific other 'Forty-eig'hters, exerted a form the universal aspirations and strong influence in organizing the struggles of the oppressed sinc·e man decisive German-American vote fOr first enslaved man. It is the pro­ the history-molding nomination of grammatic synthesis of the strivings Lincoln. Outstanding associates of throughout the ages for a world Marx in the United States won high without classes, without hunger, and 416 MARX~ PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE without wars. It is the historical in every language of the world? confluence of the freedom-theme The persecution of the Marxists that led the Spartacist slaves of is as old as Marxism. Marx, Engels, Rome in heroic battle, the social and many of their followers were prot&st of the Hebrew herdsman­ arrested in Prussia for participation prophet Amos, the earthly meanin!g in the 1848 Revolution; Prussian in the Kingdom of Heaven of the authorities harassed their publica­ primitive Christian-communists, the tions and intercepted their corre­ equality-ideal for which the Tabo­ spondence. Marx was expelled from rite brotherhood of Bohemia France upon , the request of the warred, the communist ardor of the Prussian Government; he was ex­ German peasant-war leader Thomas pelled from Belgium. Engels, like­ Munzer, the Spirit of '76 and the wise, was deported from France and Jeffersonian Bill of Rights, the Eng­ from Belgium. Marxian adherents lish Chartist banner of the first or­ were exiled from PrUssia and Aus­ ganized workers' movement, the tria. They were harried by Prussian . surge of the Jacobin democratic police in France, Belgium, and revolution and the barricades of the Switzerland. Today, the terror of Parisian proletarians in '48 and '71. Hitler- Prussianism against the Marxism is international, arising Communists of Germany and the out of the conditions of the capital­ occupied countries, and the horror ist mode of production, out of the of its atrocities, in its war for world struggles of the wodting class, domination and enslavement, ·against whose theory and program it con­ the people of the Marxist Soviet stitutes. This truth is significantly State have no parallel in the cruel­ reflected for us Americans in En­ ties of Torquemada, in the carnage gels' statements regarding the great of Attila and Genghis Khan. anthropologist Lewis Henry Mor­ gan: nr " ... in America, in his own way, The theoretical and historical Morgan had indeed rediscovered the points we have discussed are in no materialist conception of history sense academic. They are essential that was discovered by Marx." in correcting those ignorant preju­ "[Morgan spoke] of a future dices and false assumptions regard­ transformation of society in words ing Marxism and our Soviet ally which Karl Marx might have which, unfortunately, are bolstered used."* by current statements such as those And what can be more plain­ cited from Wallace's speech. Com­ speaking proof of the "M>rld pater­ ing, especially, from a statesman nity of Marxism. than the charge who is one of the closest collabo­ itself, "Communism is a foreign im­ rators of President Roosevelt and is portation," which has been leveled acknowledged by the masses of the entire hemisphere as speaking for *Friedrich Engels, The Origin of the Family, the most liberal section of the rul­ Privote Property, and the State, International Publishers, New York, pp. 5, 16. ing strata in our country, such MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE 417 statements play into the hands of ternally betrayed Spain which was the defeatists. so strongly underlined by the inci­ Wallace declares that Marxism dent reported in the 1936 Madrid "does not 'b~lieve one race is su­ dispatch: perior to another" and "has never preached international war as an "Four days before the [fascist] rebellion, the President [Azaiia] as­ instrument of national policy." But sertedly told those who cautioned these remain empty words if one him against [General] Mola: seeks to establish an artificial sepa­ « 'To prove you are wrong I have ration: on the one hand "ethnic a notion to appoint Gent>ral Mola democracy"* and a .peace~pursuing chief of my military household.' "* foreign policy, and, on the other, an inner political policy to be coupled Soviet justice--the vigilance of with Prussianism and even with the the "Chek!a" --stops the Molas from Gestapo. One fails to see in that becoming chiefs of the military case that if here, for the first time in household! history, scores of different nations Must we again wait until the and nationalities are able to live to­ truth in the reports of an American gether in exemplary equality, Ambassador to the Soviet Union is friendship, and unity, and, for the made public five years later, after first time in history, a modern great being held back from the American Power has constantly stood out as people by reactionary circles in our the champion of peace--.that this State Department? Must we again could not be save for an inner policy wait "to be shown" that the Men­ and an inner economic structure shevik traitors Alter and Ehrlich that are diametrically opposed to deserved the justice of the Soviet the Nazi-Prussian system, its poli­ Power which is defending its people, cies and its instrumentations. defending our world today against Soviet justice (that to which Wal­ enslavement by the fascist Axis? lace refers as the "Cheka") is an Shall we put our trust in a mean instrument in the hands of the So­ little labor-splitting demagogue Du­ viet people for ferreting out and binsky and his counter-revolution­ bringing to book Fifth Columnists ary confreres of the Jewish Daily and would-be Quislings, for dealing Forward and the New Leader, whose effectively and in good time with its hatred of socialism is so intense that Zinovievs, Bukharins, and Tukha­ they would work toward any regime chevskys, its Alter and Ehrlichs­ -bar none-to bring destruction of counterparts of Petain-Laval and the Soviet Union? Ohek!a and Ges­ other present-day llenedict Arnolds. tapo! One need but go back to the Let us remember the lesson of in- files and read carefully the corre­ spondence of ex-Ambassador · . • "Ethnic democracy means merely that the Davies, one need ·but ponder the ddfer~nt races and ~inority groups must be given equahty of econonuc opportunity. . . . Russia words in Mr. Davies' Mission to ~as probably gone farther than .any other nation 1D ~e WCJ!ld in practicing ethnic d~ocr~cy " Moscow, "There were no fifth col- -V•ce·J?relldent Wallace, in an address at New York City, November 8, 1942. • The New York Times, September I, 1936.

will will our our imposing imposing as as aims aims war war such such 9. 9. Publishen, Publishen, p. p. Inter.national Inter.national tionJ tionJ

** ** Cocnter~RevoJu. Cocnter~RevoJu. and and

Re"Yolut£on Re"Yolut£on German-y: German-y:

have have cannot cannot and and not not have have "We "We

1882. 1882. 12, 12, September September KautU::y, KautU::y, Engels Engels • • to to

1941: 1941: 6, 6, November November on on

and and Hitlerism Hitlerism of of tyranny tyranny the the throw throw

Premier Premier its its by by forth forth set set principle principle

over­ to to people people a a stir stir shall shall liberty liberty

the the is is war war this this in in Union Union Soviet Soviet

of of

love love and and want want soda! soda! if if And And

the the of of objectives objectives the the to to basic basic that that

itself."** itself."** satisfying satisfying from from stitutions stitutions and and Stalin, Stalin, Joseph Joseph by by made made been been

in­ outworn outworn by by prevented prevented is is which which has has objectives objectives war war of of declaration declaration

background, background, the the in in want want social social some some unequivocal unequivocal most most the the that that member member

must must there there convulsion, convulsion, be be lutionary lutionary

re­ to to everyone everyone cause cause should should Russia Russia

revo­ a a is is there there wherever wherever that that adays adays

toward toward fairness fairness and and Honesty Honesty

now­ knows knows Everyone Everyone away. away. passed passed

Russia"? Russia"? w1th w1th

long long have have agitators agitators a a of of

will will

few few

ill ill

fairly fairly and and

honestly honestly deal deal must must "We "We the the to to revolutions revolutions attributed attributed which which

statement: statement: further further Wallace's Wallace's with with superstition superstition that that times times aThe aThe af af

squared squared be be remark remark can can How How this this

Engels: Engels: of of statement statement the the offensive. offensive. "peace" "peace" latest latest his his in in rlill rlill

with with disagree disagree man man hardly hardly can can he he him him serves serves that that and and period, period, Munich Munich

states­ enlightened enlightened an an mented." mented." As As the the throughout throughout acts acts and and Spain Spain in in

"fo­ be be can can revolutions revolutions that that charge charge predatory predatory his his in in provocation provocation a a as as

the the in in fatuousness fatuousness the the of of aware aware Hitler Hitler served served that that alarm alarm bugaboo bugaboo

must must Vice-President Vice-President be be Our Our Bolshevik­ the the in in join join to to ness ness

readi­ seeming seeming his his to to attaches attaches mark mark ing."* ing."*

by by re­ so so victory victory do­ Walliace's Walliace's own own of of its its mining mining significance significance real real

under­ without without nation nation foreign foreign any any The The counter-revolution. counter-revolution. except except tion tion

upon upon kind kind any any of of blessings blessings no no force force revolu­ any any with with connected connected skyism skyism

can can proletariat proletariat victorious victorious "The "The

Trot­ a a of of myth myth the the discussing discussing with with

dispense dispense sihall sihall We We

revolution." revolution."

wide wide

Engels: Engels: by by forth forth set set ago ago long long

world­

fomenting fomenting

idea idea Trotskyist Trotskyist of of was was right right that that to to State State Workers' Workers'

the the embrace embrace

again again

should should

Russia Russia

the the of of attitude attitude The The peoples. peoples. all all ward ward

inevitable inevitable

be be if if

"wollid "wollid

warns, warns,

to­ pursued pursued it it policy policy has has consistent consistent

he he War, War, World World

it. it. A A to to

Third Third uted uted

the the in in Union Union Soviet Soviet the the guided guided has has

attrib­

correctly correctly

elsewhere elsewhere has has he he which which self-determination, self-determination, to to nations nations

peace peace

of of

pursuit pursuit

the the to to tradiction tradiction of of right right unhindered unhindered and and complete complete

con­ direct direct

in in are are that that

pmctices pmctices icy icy the the of of principle principle the the firms firms Marxist Marxist

po1-

foreign foreign

Soviet Soviet read read inbo inbo lace lace to to reaf­ simply simply sta,tement sta,tement Stalin's Stalin's

Wal­ brings brings Prussi.anism" Prussi.anism" of of child child

peoples!" peoples!"

"the "the as as Marxism Marxism of of distortion distortion The The

other other of of affairs affairs internal internal the the in in ever ever

* * * * * *

what­ intervention intervention No No desire. desire. they they

as as land land own own their their on on rule rule to to free free

democracy. democracy. American American to to racy, racy,

them them

setting setting ,then ,then

and and

tyranny tyranny

ler ler

democ­

world world to to

service service Cheka's Cheka's the the Hit­ against against struggle struggle liberation liberation their their

understand understand condemned-to condemned-to were were in in people people these these assisting assisting in in coneists coneists

1938 1938 and and in in 1937 1937 dock dock Soviet Soviet the the aid aid Our Our aid. aid. our our awaiting awaiting are are who who

in in the the traitors traitors know know Europe· Europe· to to of of them," them," peoples peoples why why enslaved enslaved otiler otiler

and and Slavs Slavs the the on on regime regime our our and and shot shot had had 1941-they 1941-they in in umnists umnists

MR. MR. AND AND PRUSSIANISM, PRUSSIANISM, WALLAC.II WALLAC.II MARXISM:, MARXISM:, 418 418 :MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE 41! determine its national life, shall we euphemism .for Luce's American brand as "fomented" the struggle of Century? that people to win .for itself the It is to •be hoped that our Vice­ Century of the Common Man? Shall President, who has won the acclaim we resort to "pacification," to the of the peoples as an ardent cham­ restoration of "order," to the im­ pion of hemisphere unity and position of puppet regimes, against American-Soviet collaboration, will, the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly, in continuing in his outstanding against the French National Com­ contributions to the cause of the mittee and the underground move­ United Nations, not make the slight­ ment representing all shades of est concession to those who would French anti-fascist opinion, against block the peoples' march to free­ the peoples' movements arid Na­ dom. tional Front committees of struggle and leadership? Shall we resort to IV a new "Non-Intervention," in be­ Wallace associates Marxism with half of a new Franco? Shall we Mu­ Prussianism "because Marx, its nichize the "fomented" people? high priest, was molded in his Shall we Hooverize ·the feed-bag thinking by Hegel, the great philos­ once again,* so that our food ship­ opher of the Prussian State." ments for starving European chil­ Wallace gives Hegel away, body, dren may, in the manner of 1919, be deployed to White Guard Manner­ boots, and breeches, to the Nazis, or heims, to Mik:hailoviches and Haps­ at least to the Prussians. burgs, Lavals and Peyroutons? Let us see what basis there is for Clearly, not the question o.f "fo­ his contention. menting" but the question of re­ Marx and Engels took over and pressing is here involved. developed Hegel's philosophic meth­ Of course, the war of national lib­ od, the dialectic, which, apart from eration does not determine as part his metaphysical philosophic sys­ of its objective the political char­ tem, is a method of revolutionary acter of each Statte following the change. Dialectics proceeds from the Tictory aver the fascist Axis. The conception of phenomena, natural lght against the Axis is the ftght ro and historical, in their interconnec­ destroy Hitlerism, to liberate the tion and interdependence; their countries and ensure the full right constant movement, mutation, and of every nation to determine its development-their ":Constant state form of government and way of ot coming into being and going out life. Shall then the Atlantic Charter o.f being'' (Engels)-through the guarantee the nations the right to unfolding of the conflict of inherent self-determination-short of exer­ contradictionS as the moving prin­ cising that ri~t? Shall we allorw ciple; their transition from one the reactionaries to use Wallace's qualitative state to another-the old Century of the Common Man as a to the new, the simple to the com­ plex, the lower to the higher,-in *"We'll Have to Feed the World Again," Herbert Hoonr, in Collii!'Ts, No,..mber 28, 1942. which the purely quantitative

revolutionary revolutionary side side **Preface **Preface [of [of the the Hegelian Hegelian to to the the Sl"cond Sl"cond edition edition Capital. Capital. of of

petty-bourgeois petty-bourgeois German German conditions conditions of of

that that time!' time!'

ments ments

in in

Ludwig Ludwig "the "the Feuerbach, Feuerbach,

direct direct rule rule

of of the the possessing possessing

classes classes suited suited

to to the the

to to sian sian his his subjects, subjects, State. State. i.e., i.e., "Thus," "Thus," in in a a limited limited as as Engels Engels moderate, moderate, com­ in· in·

William William III III so so persistently persistently but but vainly vainly

promised promised

the the official official

philosopher philosopher

of of the the

Prus­

a a nmonarchy nmonarchy it, it, based based on on estates estates which which Frederick Frederick

against against him; him; it it was was rather, rather,

as as Engels Engels characterized characterized

Frederick Frederick

William William

III! III!

He He became became

tionary tionary Prussianism, Prussianism,

as as is is

predominantly predominantly

charged charged

realization realization came came for for of of the the him him Absolute Absolute the the Idea Idea monarchy monarchy was was not not reac· reac· of of

the the State State envisaged envisaged

by by Hegel Hegel as as the the political political

"the "the

self-certain self-certain

absolute absolute mind" mind" be­ * * It It should should be be pointed pointed out out that that the the essence essence of of

the the concrete concrete form form of of the the State State as as

against against Prussianism. Prussianism. Revolutionary Revolutionary In In 1844, 1844, Marx Marx Terror Terror of of 1793, 1793, and and

arose arose Hegel Hegel and and subsequently subsequently developed developed in in condemned condemned struggle struggle the the

French French Revolution-its Revolution-its Marxism Marxism as as 1789 1789 a a world world stage, stage, conception conception

At At

first first sympathetic sympathetic toward toward the the

Prusso-German Prusso-German empire."** empire."**

horseback." horseback."

room room upstarts upstarts of of the the new new holy holy

Napoleon, Napoleon,

"The "The

Absolute Absolute

Idea Idea

on on

even even into into the the heads heads of of the the mush­

Germany Germany

and and

is is said said

have have

called called to to

of of this this system system "will "will drum drum dialectics dialectics

advent advent

bourgeois bourgeois relations relations of of into into

which which climaxes climaxes the the contradictions contradictions

the the French French army army

into into Jena Jena

as as the the

predicted predicted that that the the universal universal crisis crisis

Thus, Thus, he he welcomed welcomed

the the entry entry

of of

Applying Applying the the rational rational form, form, Marx Marx

crete crete form. form.

principle principle assumed assumed for· for· him him a a con­ "* "* fessors. fessors......

mind mind ...... " " This This independent independent State State geoisdom geoisdom and and its its doctrinaire doctrinaire pro­

State State is is the the self-certain self-certain absolute absolute scandal scandal and and abomination abomination to to bour­

pendent pendent principle principle of of the the State: State: "The "The things. things. In In its its rational rational form form it it is is a a

to to glorify glorify realized realized the the itself itself existing existing for for him him state state in in an an of of inde­

cause cause it it seemed seemed to to transfigure transfigure and and a a metaphysical metaphysical Absolute Absolute Idea, Idea, which which

became became the the fashion fashion in in Germany, Germany, be­ him him to to the the dogmatic dogmatic acceptance acceptance of of

"In "In its its mystified mystified

form, form, dialectic dialectic dogma, dogma, his his non-materialism non-materialism brought brought

the the mystical mystical shell. shell.

Though Though

his his

dialectics dialectics

rejected rejected all all

discover discover the the rational rational kernel kernel within within

sion sion from from nis nis dialectic dialectic method. method.

turned turned right-side right-side up, up, if if you you would would

from from drawing drawing the the necessary necessary conclu­

standing standing on on

its its head. head.

must must

be be It It

osophical osophical idealism idealism prevented prevented him him

"With "With him," him," Marx Marx said, said, "it "it is is

driving driving force force of of the the world. world. His His phil­

lectic. lectic. an an independent independent subject, subject, as as the the

nated nated the the mysticism mysticism in in Hegel's Hegel's dia­ With With Hegel, Hegel, "the "the Idea" Idea" existed existed as as

whkh whkh arises arises the the State. State. Marx Marx elimi­ Hegelian, Hegelian, but but is is its its direct direct opposite." opposite."

conditions conditions of of existence- out out of of "is "is not not only only different different from from the the

people people with with their their concrete concrete material material "My "My dialectic dialectic method," method," Marx Marx said, said,

terialism terialism teaches teaches that that first first come come the the dialectician, dialectician, was was not not a a materialist. materialist.

primary primary existence. existence. Dialectical Dialectical ma­ Hegel's Hegel's dialectics. dialectics. Hegel, Hegel, though though a a

the the material material of of world, world, which which has has Marxism Marxism did did not not merely merely take take over over

exists exists only only as as the the mental mental reflection reflection method. method.

For For Marx Marx and and Engels, Engels, the the idea idea ered ered invincible invincible by by the the dialectic dialectic

servative servative side."* side."* developing, developing, says says Stalin, Stalin, consid­ is is

neath neath the the overgrowth overgrowth of of the the con­ leap. leap. Only Only that that which which is is arising arising and and

philosophy] philosophy] became became smothered smothered be­ changes changes give give rise rise to to a a qualitative qualitative

420 420 MARXISM, MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND AND MR. MR. WALLACE WALLACE MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE 421 wrote in his essay, A Criticism of zer, which would have chained the the Hegelian Philosophy of Right: working class to the feudal-absolut­ "The day before the Reformation, ist reaction of the Junkers and the official Germany was the most ab­ Crown. ject vassal of Rome. The day be­ The bourgeois-democratic "half fore its revolution, i.t is the abject revolution" of 1848 did not over­ vassal of less than Rome, of Prus­ come feudal decentralization or sia and Austria, of country squires consolidate a German naHonal state. and philistines." · For decades the conflict raged about As leader of the Left-democratic this fw1damental issue. Marx and movement in the Rhineland, and as Engels advocated a democratic peo­ editor of the Neue Rheinische Zei­ ple's revolution. They supported the tung in 1848-49, Marx took the posi­ opposition of the liberal bourgeoisie tion that the · German bourgeois­ to the Prussian feud!alists and Junk­ democratic revolution and the in­ ers, because 1ts historically progres­ terests of German national unifica­ sive demands for national unifica­ tion, as well as the forward move­ tion and for constitutional rights ment of the working class, required were vital to the working class in the destruction of the Prussian ab­ its struggle for emancipation. Co­ solutist state. Thirty-five years operation of the peasantry and city later, in an article, "Marx and the middle classes with the proletariat against the main enemy-feudal Neue Rheinische Zeitung," Engels re­ stated: action-would promote the inde­ pendent activity of the working "The interests of the proletariat class as leader in the historic class forbade equally the Prussianization alliance. It would rescue the petty­ of Germany and the perpetuation of bourgeoisie from timidity and vacil­ the policy of petty states. These in­ lation, from the fate of supporting terests made imperative the defini­ tive unification of Germany into a reaction. nation, which alone could provide The Lasalleans, however, looked the battlefi~ld, cleared of all tradi­ to Bismarck as their friend in need tional petty obstacles, on which pro­ against the bourgeoisie. They turned letariat and bourgeoisie would meas­ to him and the landlord-royalist ure their forces. But they equally party for protection! They main­ forbade the establishment of a tained that this Realpolitik would Prussian head; the Prussian state gain better economic conditions for wirth its whole organization, its tra­ the working class; but they bartered dition and its dynasty was precisely the historic class alliance and inde­ the sole serious internal adversary pendent action of the proletariat for 'which the revolution in Germany the "benevolent" despotiSIIIl of the had to overthrow.... " Prussian Crown. Marx fought the attempt to Prus­ The liberal bourgeoisie, fearful of sianize 'the German labor move­ the proletariat, early deserted into ment. He foughit the policy of Ferd­ the arms of the feudal forces. In­ inand Lassalle and Johann Schweit- stead of the democratic people's U2 MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND :MR. W ALLAClll revolution from below, the bour­ will prove alike disastrous. All geoisie effected its monstrous "revo­ the miseries that befell Germany lution from above" under the after the so-called wars of libera­ blood-and-iron sway of a bourgeois­ tion will revive with intensified Junker Prussian Kingdom. violence.... " Marx branded the Lassalleans: After the decisive German victory "the Royal Prussian Socialists''! at Sedan, when the Prussian King, The struggle of Marxism against despite guarantees to the contrary, Prussianism · showed itself further puShed the war onward to the stage · in relation to the Austro-Prussian of aggression, the General Council War of 1866. After Prussia's deci­ denou."lCed "the Pvussian military sive vi-ctory at Sadbwa, Engels camarilla [that] had resolved upon summed up the position of Marxism conquest." In its Second Address on in the words: the war, the International declared: "The chief disadvanltage-a very "History will measure its retribu­ great one-is the unavoidable flood­ tion, not by the extent of the square ing of Germany with Prussianism."* miles conquered from France, but In 1870 Marx and Engels urged by the intensity of the crime of re­ the German working class to sup­ viving, in the second half of the port the war against France only nineteenth century, the policy of insofar as i4; remained a war of na­ conquest!" tional defense ·against the Bona­ Marx, Engels, and their follow­ pal"tist designs to dismember Ger­ ers from that moment opposed Ger­ many and hinder its national uni­ many';; war as a dynastic-Prussian fication. They consistently warned war, as an unjust war. against permitting the war on Ger­ Dynastic Prussianism before long many's side to degenerate into a war unleashed its notorious Anti-Social­ of annexation in the interests of ist Law of 1878 against the "dan­ Prussiau Junkerdom. They urged gerous activities" of the Marxists. their followers to "emphasize the Marxism the child of Prussian­ differences between German-na­ ism? Marxism, from the first, has tional and dynastk-Prussian inter­ been the antithesis and deadly en­ ests." They urged them to "work emy of Prussianism.- recognized against any annexation of Alsace and treated as ~ch. Marx and his and Lorraine." The General Coun­ followers battled againSt Prussian cil of the First International, on hegemony over the movement for July 23, 1870, in an Address drawn German national unifl.cation. Prus­ up by Marx, declared: sianism'& assumption of hegemony "If the German working class al­ is history's penalty for the betrayal low the present war to lose its by the German bourgeoisie of the strictly defensive character and to democratic people's revolution ad­ degenerate into a war against the vocated by Marx. Lts tragic climax French people, victory or defeat in H,i.tler-Prussianism is history's * &gels to Marz, July 25, 1866. penalty for the continued toleration MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE 4~ by the German working class of the be served through concessions to the Lassalleanism of the imperialist slanderings of Marxism. epoch-Social-Democracy-which Who are 'the crusaders against chained its proletarian followers to Marxism? Who are the Soviet-bait­ the chariot of German finance capi- ers, the Red-baiters? They are the 1ial. enemies of the working class and the nation; they would split the v forces of the nation, where Marx­ ism struggles for firmer unity; they Wallace speaks of three dominant would crucify labor and make this oonceptions in the world today­ war a Roman holiday for profiteers, Hitlerism, Marxism, and what he where Marxism defends labor's calls "the democratic Christian rights and decent living conditions philosophy." If we examine the as­ as essential to the all-out war ef­ pirations for a better life embodied fort; they would sow discord among in this "democratic Christian phi­ the United Nations, where Marxism losophy," we find them fulfilled in seeks to strengthen their coopera­ practice in the Soviet Union. The tion; they would undermine the Dean of Canterbury has found that Anglo-Soviet-American Alliance, which can be called Christian in where Marxism champions a fight­ the best sense today-and what can ing anti-Hitler coalition and de­ be called Judaic, or Islamic, or mands the speedy opening of the Buddhist in the best sense-is social Western Front. They are the ene­ life in the State built upon the prin­ mies of what Wallace, Roosevelt, ciples of Marxism. The living proof and our nation stand for in this war. is the democratic socialized owner­ Our Vice-President's plea for ship of wealth; the freedom, equal­ deepened American-Soviet friend­ ity, and brotherhood of all Soviet ship, his strong warning against peoples; the full scope for the de­ those who would double-cross our velopment of the individual;--an Soviet ally, are timely and should economic and cultural renaissance, be heeded by all who have at heart realizing in life the principle of the the interests of our country and of Communist Manifesto: "the free de­ the United Nations. They should re­ velopment of each is the condition sult in resolute combat of all de-­ for the free development of all." tractors of the Soviet Union. Our Marxism has taught the Soviet Soviet ally, who up to now has Uni'On how to fight in defense of its borne the brunt od' the fighting, great democracy, how real national merits from all leaders in American unity can be created. It has given it public life at least that confidence, a system and a morale that have felt and voiced by all decent Amer­ withstood the greatest onslaught in ican people, which is imperative to history. The strengthening of the the life of our fighting coalition. American-Soviet ties and the vic­ That confidence is vital to the tory of the United Nations which achievement of victory and to the Wallace strives to achieve cannot post-war collaboration of thr- 424 MARXISM, PRUSSIANISM, AND MR. WALLACE United States, the Soviet Union, and Anglo-Soviet Trade Union Commit­ Britain, which can ensure a just and tee. And the character of the alli­ durable peace. The relations of our ance should be one of real friend­ country with the Soviet Union, in ship and cooperation, and, above all every respect-for the people, for today, of real coalition warfare: this the government, for labor-should is essential for the consolidation of at least be as cordial as are the the fighting strength of the United British-Soviet relations, which are cemented by the Twenty-Year Mu­ Nations, for victory, and for future tual Assistance Treaty and by the collaboration. CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS

BY MORRIS CHILDS

HE people of Chicago, and most didate, McKibbin. This danger T notably the industrial working is further seen in the defection class, kept their eyes on the sights of the Chicago Daily News in this and with the re-election of Mayor last election. However, this does not Edward J. Kelly delivered a blow negate the significance of Kelly's against the defeatist and Copper­ re-election. head cabal. It has _now been shown That Mayor Kelly understood the beyond doubt that the working peo­ essence of his victory is shown in ple in the nation's second largest the radio talk he delivered to the metropolis are in a fighting mood people as •soon as the election out­ and will not tolerate obstructionism come became certain: and Munichism. The role of the working class in "The only thing I am interested in now that the issue has been de­ this most crucial election is shown cided is for all of us to form a . in the big majorities that Mayor united front regardless of faction or Kelly received in all industrial party, to get behind the President wards. Not only did Mayor Kelly and help win this war." and his running mates gather large majorities, but these same areas The Chicago Sun and the Chi­ carried into office thirty-nine Demo- cago Times, influential and repre­ cratic Councilmen out of a total of sentative newspapers, hailed the fifty running on the same platform election of Mayor Kelly as proof with Kelly. that Chicago remains a stronghold In spite of the extraordinary Re- for the New Deal and the camp of publican effort to sway the Negro victory, and wants no part of the vote, the Negro people joined with Hoover-McCormick-Brooks Copper­ the rest of the pro-war forces and head school of thought. gave a majority to Mayor Kelly. The oracle of defeatism, the Chi- Yet this electoral victory reveals cago Tribrune, in its editorial of some serious problems facing the April 8, takes issue with this analy­ pro-war camp. This is especially sis. "The election Tuesday showed true since a great portion of the the New Deal on the toboggan, middle classes were influenced by coasting into well-deserved ob­ the policies of the Chicago Tribune livion." (!) The Republican Gov­ and supported the Republican can- ernor of illinois, Dwight Green, to 425 426 CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS bolster up his followers, announced campaign. The first was how to that the Chicago results heralded "a properly place and relate the local Republican landslide in 1944." issues to the major and most im­ To lend plausibility to these portant issue, the winning of the claims, the defeatist press points to war. The second was how on the the fact that Mayor Kelly's majority basis of this understanding to of 54% per cent of the total vote achieve the greatest degree of unity is 1lh per cent less than his major­ in spite of the confusion that pre­ ity in the 1939 election, and fur.ther vailed among. some liberal opinion, that the Democratic majority in Chi­ the factionalism within the Demo­ cago is 2 per cent less than that cratic Party, and the fact that there received by Raymond S. McKeough was no newspaper that was a con­ in the Senatorial election last fall. sistent organizer for unity and vic­ The fact of the matter is that tory, while McKibbin had a power­ there is a preponderance of facts to ful press preaching disunity and show that this relative decline, sowing confusion. which is magnified and exaggerated At the very beginning of the by the Republicans, is not at all an campaign, the reactionary Republi­ indication that the electorate is can machine seized upon the old and moving away from the pro-war time-worn but ever useful bogey of camp. When we take into considera­ the "Kelly-Nash machine." Their tion that the polls are open only obstruction to the war effort was from 6 a.m. to . 5 p.m., hours set hidden behind the slogans of smash­ in pre-war days, we see that a ing the "machine." McKibbin's slo­ significant portion of Chicago's gan was "the home front is the working class, who in the main are main front." Such issues as the in war industries and who in a school system, transportation, local sprawling city like Chicago often taxes, clean streets, etc., were have to travel hours to and from turned into major issues. work or are working ten and twelve It must be admitted that the Cop­ hour shifts that begin and end after perheads succeeded in diverting a voting hours, find it difficult and in section of public opinion away from many cases impossible to vote. the main and most important issue. Mayor Kelly's vote undoubtedly A group of liberals headed by Dr. was affected more than McKibbin's John Lapp, even if apologetically, by the fact that the more than 200,- joined with the reactionary camp on 000 Chicagoans in the armed forces, the ground that McKibbin must be as a younger group, in their ma­ elected to reform the school system! jority support Roosevelt and vote In answer to those who expressed Democratic. amazement at his association with McKibbin, Dr. Lapp attempted • • • to argue that it was an insult There were two major problems to his and the President's in­ that had to be solved by the win­ telligence to say that to support the the-war camp in the course of the President one had to vote for Kelly. CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS 42Y Dr. Lapp conveniently overlooked Around the candidacy of McK1b­ the fact that the Republican candi­ bin rallied all the anti-Roosevelt,. date was the .spearhead in the drive anti-labor, anti-Semitic, America against the President's war policy, First, and John L. Lewis forces. The while Mayor · Kelly represented most reactionary section of the those forces that supported the peo­ N.A.M. sent its representatives into ple's war against the Axis. the city of Chicago to raise funds, Dr. Lapp and those who followed to make speeches, and to organize him did not want to see through votes for McKibbin. Outstanding re­ the Republican trap. The aim of the actionary Republican Congressmen Republicans was not to improve the and Senators from other states par­ school gystem, but, by demagogical­ ticipated actively in .the campaign ly raising these questions, to distract in Chicago, lending emphasis to the from the main issue and. the war ef­ real national stakes at issue. The fort. As the Communist Party Lewis henchmen, with Ray Ed­ warned in its election platform, the mundson at their head, spent thou­ real aim of McKibbin, McCormick, sands of dollars in last-minute Green and the Republican machine radio talks and newspaper adver­ was to win the elections as a power­ tisements, using the name of the ful lever to hold back the develop­ defunct "Labor's Non-Partisan ment of the war offensive, to work League," in an attempt to divide for a negotiated peace, and labor. strengthen their positions for the In the closing stages of the cam­ 1944 elections. paign a number of liberals (not in­ Quite early in the campaign Mc­ cluding Dr. Lapp) dissociated them­ Kibbin dropped his attempts to limit selves from McKibbin and endorsed himself to so-called local issues, Mayor Kelly. but attacked the President and his war policies, made public speeches "' * * against rationing, resorted to the A surprising and serious obstacle bogey of "Communism," and used in organizing the pro-war forces every weapon in the arsenal of the was the attitude and role of the HiUerites. In the midst of the dis­ Chicago Daily News, published by cussion on the vital question of the Colonel Knox, Secretary of the Second Front in Europe and the Navy and a member of the Cabinet. problem of U.S.-Soviet relations, Chicagoans knew the Daily News Mr. McKibbin inserted advertise­ as a conservative newspaper whose ments into a number of foreign­ position on economic and labor language newspapers and tried to questions is not very progressive, stir up enmity against the Soviet .but which at the same time held a Union. For example, one of his main position on foreign policy which is election appeals to the Lithuanian anti-Axis. In ·the November Con­ people was: "Protest against the gressional elections the Daily News, Soviet and Communist grab of although traditionally Republican, Lithuania!" supported McKeough, the Demo- •.

428 CHICAGO REBUKES 'rHE COPPERHEADS crat, as against the Republican de­ their principles in voting for Kelly. featist Brooks. What prompted the pro-war Daily In this city election campaign, the News to permit itself to become an Daily News carried on the most organ for those groups and forces vigorous campaign in ibehalf of which fight most bitterly against our McKibbin. It can be said that the national interests? This anomaly Daily News, more than any other can be explained, among other force, served to confuse and disor­ things, by the fact that those re­ ganize the pro-war camp. Since the sponsible for the policies of the Chi­ Daily News could not defend cago Daily News became involved McKibbin's attitude on the war and in the fact'i.onal struggle inside the on foreign policy, the most it Republican Party, sparring for ad­ could say in editorials was "he is vantageous positions in preparation simply a good and very able citi­ for 1944. In doing this they sur­ zen." It was hard for Colonel Knox rendered their principles, which re­ and his paper to square McKibbin's sulted in a position that placed position with the Daily News' out­ partisan interests above the welfare look on national and international of our country. As is usual, the affairs. But once the Daily News Copperheads were not satisfied, took this position, it followd the even with such concessions, for on line of putting the main emphasis the morrow after the election the on local issues, as did the appeaser Chicago Tribune attacked those who backers of McKibbin. in its opinion had not fought boldly It even argued that a vote for enough against Roosevelt, had not Kelly would be understood as a vote gone far enough in their attacks on for a fourth term for Roosevelt and, the Administration. For all its while admitting that this is a global "good" labors, the Chicago Daily war, it polemized against the News was accused of being a "fifth "global Ultima. Thule complex," columnist" within tlie ranks of the saying, in plain language, that the Republican Party. average citizen should not try to Colonel McCormick and those for influence international affairs, that whom he speaks have made up their "democracy must be achieved from minds that nothing short of com­ the bottom up, not from the top plete surrender to their policies will down; it must have its roots, not in satisfy them. Their position is a League of Nations but in the stated most clearly in the editorial home precinct." It argued fur­ of the Chicago Tribune of April 8: ther that to support Kelly for mayor was a violation of the principles of "The election shows that Chicago democracy and it characterized [by which McCormick means the such action as on a par with the Tribune] will have nothing of Will­ kie-ism, nothing of Roosevelt Re­ appeasement of Hitler; attempt­ publicans, nothing of the policy to ed to prove that those who opposed subordinate American interests to the policy of the appeasement of foreign ones on every possible oc­ Franco and Darlan contradicted casion. The Republican Party is and CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS 429 must remain the American party. the mayoralty campaign did Thomas The Democratic Party is the inter­ J. Courtney give a word of encour­ national party, or rather the foreign agement or endorsement to Mayor party." Kelly. On the contrary, this group Those groups who want national maneuvered in a number of wards unity to win this war cannot hope to elect its men as committeemen, to achieve this aim by compromis­ and it was no secret that Farley ing with the defeatists. This is a aimed to line up these people and lesson that must not be lost. use them for capturing the Demo­ The victory of Mayor Kelly was cratic Party nationally. not only a blow against the Copper­ Wherever the people were aware head Republicans, but at the same of this conspiracy they organized time a defeat of the anti-Adminis­ and defeated the . Copperhead tration Democrats, who are under Democrats of Farley. An outstand­ the leadership of James Farley. ing example was the Fifth Ward, where these groups united behind The outcome of the Chicago elec­ the candidacy of Lindheimer for tions also determined the leadership Councilman. Lindheimer's elec­ of the Democratic Party ·in Illinois, tion would have been a victory for and its national role within the the Farley-Courtney Democrats. party. Under the leadership of All the win-the-war forces, with Mayor Kelly the Illinois Democrats labor playing an outstanding role, have been the staunchest upholders united to deliver a stinging re­ of the Administration's policies buke to SUl'h conspiracies. The within that party. Mr. Farley and progressive candidate, Bertram B. those for whom he speaks tried to Moss, received 20,296 votes to H. G. utilize these elections to weaken the Lindheimer's 10,187, an impressive position of those Democrats who majority of two to one. support the President, particularly Kelly's campaign, as in the No­ Mayor Kelly. The Chicago Tribune vember elections, was adversely af­ lent its support to this effort. The fected by the error of Administra­ bait held out to Democrats aspir­ tion leaders in failing to participate ing for office was that such positions in this election, so highly impor­ can ibe attained only in opposition tant to the nation. This lack of to the New Deal. aggressiveness on the part of the Who are the people in Chicago national Administration even infiu·· that represent this Farley tendency? enced Kelly in the ear!y stages It is a group within the Democratic of the campaign not to emphasize Party, led by Chicago's State At­ the war question as the central is­ torney, Thomas J. Courtney. This sue of the election struggle. In group has yet to express itself on contradistinction was the support the war and foreign policy. If it given McKibbin's campaign by the did, it would most likely speak national leadership of the Repub­ the language of Colonel McCormick lican Party. This passivity of Ad­ and James Farley. Not once during ministration leaders gave encour- 430 CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS agement to Farleyites as well as the Labor, through its own commit­ Republicans to wean away Demo­ tees, conducted a series of broad­ cratic support from Kelly. casts. Outstanding A. F. of L. and C.I.O. le&ders, among them Victor • * * Olander, Secretary-Treasurer of the It is clear that the election of the Illinois Federation of Labor, and victory candidates was due in a de­ Fullerton Fulton, Chairman of the cisive measure to the greater con­ Cook County C.I.O. Council, spoke. sciousness, organization and partici­ A nilmber of trade union news­ pation of labor, which, despite the papers hammered home on the is­ 1ack of C.I.O.-A. F. of L. unity, was sues at stake. most influential in determining the Local trade union election com­ outcome of the election. mittees were set up in important Both the C.I.O. and the A. F. of wards. In the Second Ward, the L. set up election committees for most important Negro area, the the re-election of Mayor Kelly. The South Side Labor Victory Commit­ C.I.O. committee, for example, mo­ tee, a joint C.I.O.-A. F. of L. com­ bilized labor in the election on the mittee, functioned very effectively. following platform: It based itself on the real issues of the campaign. It was due to "1. Patriotic labor is 100 per cent the activity of this committee that behind the President's slogan of un­ the N~o people rallied to give conditional surrender of the Axis. the majority vote to Mayor Kelly "2. We have rolled up our sleeves and to elect a Democratic Alder­ tor all-out production at home, for the immediate offensive on the Eu­ man. The most important Negro ropean continent to destroy Hitler new!i)aper, the Chicago Defender, and his fascist partners now. La­ joined in the campaign for Kelly, bor will make every necessary sac­ and helped to expose George B. Mc­ rifice to achieve this victory. Kibbin as an upholder of the "3. Labor must and will turn out hated system of restrictive cove­ to the polls to re-elect Mayor Kelly nants, reprinting a photostatic copy to his post of leadership in Chicago, of a restrictive covenant contract as a demonstration of Chicago's un­ which Mr. McKibbin had signed. swerving support of the patriotic In some cases, when Aldermanic war leadership of our country and behind the policies of our Com­ candidates resorted to name calling, mander-in-Chief." instead of bringing forward the is­ sues, the trade unions called them The local leadership of the labor to order. Typical was the action movement was mobilized through of the 45th Ward C.I.O. Legisla­ meetings of shop stewards, through tive C<>mmittee, which put out conferences with local union offi­ newspaper ads entitled, "Stop the cials, and through plant and shop­ Political Monkeyshines! We Haue gate meetings. As a result, the real a War to Win,'' reminding the can­ issues in the elections were clarified didates that labor and the people and emphasized. wanted to know what these can- CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS 431 didates were doing to help solve As we have already stated, the the hundreds of new problems that support for Kelly came in the main confront the people as a result of from the working class wards. Mc­ our war 1;o defeat fascism. Labor's Kibbin's campaign found the most better understanding of the real success among the middle classes. i!JSues was typified in the ward pro­ This large section of the population gram the Legislative Committee did not so vote because they were presented: anti-war. Traditionally Republi­ "Are You Prepared to Use Your can, they were fooled by McKib­ Office To: bin's emphasis upon certain eco­ "(1) Give full support to Presi­ nomic difficulties facing the small dent Roosevelt. (2) To stop the businessman, storekeeper, sales­ black market, and profiteering in people, etc., growing out of dislo­ food. To lower the ceilings on food cations caused by the war. These prices. (3) To urge our country to are the people among whom the immediately start a Second Front Daily News has particular infiuence, and lick Hitler in 1943. ( 4) Unmask the friends of Hitler in our country and its playing up of local issues and defeat the appeasers. ( 5) To and appealing to party loyalty un­ fight for a real tax program that doubtedly resu1ted in manY' tens will not soak the lower income of thousands of McKibbin votes. groups. (6) To establish nurseries in In the November elections many the Ward to care for children of of these same voters, following the women war workers. (7) To lower appeal for national unity on the the street car fare to 7 cents." part of the Chicago Daily News, For a period of months now the broke with their traditional Repub­ A. F. of L. and the C.I.O. in Illi­ licanism and voted for the Demo­ nois have been cooperating on legis­ cratic candidate McKeough. This lative and other vital questions. Yet explains why McKeough's majority this same type of close cooperation in Chicago was greater than Kelly's was lacking in the election cam­ present majority. paign. While both organizations In this situation, when unity of set up committees to work for the all the people is so necessary in the election of Kelly, they functioned fight against the appeasers and for separately, and thereby did not ex­ victory, it is of utmost importance ert all of the strength and influ­ that the progressive and labor ence that labor can transmit to na­ movement unmask the Copperhead tional unity and victory. It must role of the Chicago Tribune's lead­ be stated that if a joint labor· com­ ership of the Republican Party. mittee did not materialize it was not due to the resistance of the * * • C.I.O. to such action. Undoubt­ More than ever the Communist edly a united labor front would Party in this election was a force­ have influenced sections of the ful factor in rallying the people. middle classes to join with the pro­ The defeatists resorted to the usual war camp against McKibbin. Hitler method of anti-Communism 432 CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS and the Red-scare to divide the sues to the main issues. We warned camp of national unity. This cry, that while the war must stand in echoed by McKibbin and the Cop­ the forefront it would be wrong perheads around him, met with sig­ to ignore such questions as trans­ nal failure. The Communist Party portation, schools and taxes; but worked together with the labor at the same time we showed how movement and the entire win-the­ to treat these questions. war camp in harmony and unity. We indicated, for instance, that Communists were active in the if the State Commerce Commission, trade unions, in the communities made up of McKibbin's cronies, and in all other mass organizations. would quit sabotaging Chicago's We saw our main role to be that of transportation problem, this could cementing the united effort of the immediately proceed to ease the bad people for victory on the battlefield transportation situation in the and on the home front. city. But we further pointed out The Communist Party had its that today Governor Green's ma­ own program of demands and its chine does nothing to help the war own candidates, but this in no way workers, whose energies are sapped conflicted with the united effort of by tiring rides on crowded and un­ the win-the-war camp; it rather comfortable street cars. We showed strengthened it. Through partici­ that this is certainly a handicap to pation in the election campaign war production; we exposed McKib­ as an independent force while co­ bin's political ties and family ties operating with others, we were able with the traction barons and how to bring clarity into the campaign. his election would result in a fur­ When toward the end of the cam­ ther increase in fares. paign we deemed it necessary and To clear up the confusion in the practical, in the interests of elect­ minds of many about the schooi ing the win-the-war candidates problem, we showed that the Re­ headed by Mayor Kelly, to with­ publican candidate McKibbin, as a draw the Communist candidates, leading member of the Civic Fed­ this act was understood and ap­ eration, never took objection to the proved by the people. attempts of that body to curtail The Communist Party issued educational facilities, ·but agreed hundreds of thousands of pieces of with that body's attempt to cut literature, held numerous meet­ school appropriations and salaries ings, and conducted a consistent of school teachers. We showed that radio campaign for a period of two we are concerned with providing months over one of the largest radio the best possible education for our stations in the country. children and involving the schools, The Communists were most in­ as they are involved now, in the strumental in exposing the real in­ war effort. We warned the people tent behind McKibbin's demagogic that the McKibbin reactionaries stress on local issues, and in cor­ could not improve or develop our rectly relating these secondary is- educational system, but, on the CHICAGO REBUKES THE COPPERHEADS 433 contrary, would in all probability ulation more actively in the strug­ engage in witch-hunting and book­ gle against reaction. burning as former Republican May­ The election results are a warn­ or William Hale Thompson did. ing in preparation for 1944, as well We approached many other local as for their effect on current war issues in a similar way. policy. The defeatists still have a In the last weeks o.f the cam­ great influence in downstate Illi­ paign a lot of emphasis was placed nois. The Chicago majority cast for upon the mobilization of the peo­ the pro-war candidates will not ple for the opening up of a western be sufficient in a state-wide elec­ European front, showing that the tion contest to overcome the Repub­ enemies of the people are those who lican influence in the rest of Illinois, oppose the Second Front and hin­ unless a united labor movement, in der the cooperation of our country collaboration with the Roosevelt with the Soviet Union and the other Democrats and Willkie Republicans, United Nations; that in the elec­ succeeds in drawing to the pro-war tion campaign were involved not camp other large sections 'of the cnly local problems but the very population from among the middle question of national survival. classes and the farmers. This con­ It was during this struggle for clusion and task are especially ur­ unity and victory in this election gent if the present Congress is to campaign that the Communist Party be influenced, and if the anti-Hit­ increased its membership by one­ ler camp is to be strengthened now third. and in connection with the develop­ ing political realignments and * * * struggles. Without underestimating the im­ The Illinois labor movement is portance of the Chicago election once again moving forward in the victory, we must nevertheless draw struggle for national unity and certain obvious conclusions which progress on the home front, for ef­ are necessary if the lessons of this fecting a solution of the urgent campaign are not to be lost. While problems of economic stabilization it is true that l'abor played a most and all-out war production, and es­ important role, it cannot be denied pecially for helping ensure the that a greater effort is necessary in opening of a Second Front in Eu­ the struggle for labor unity. A rope. There is a growing conscious­ united l&bor movement, expressed ness that if the Copperheads are to through joint political action and be defeated decisively the people collaboration, would not only have must take a more active and or­ been able to influence the numeri­ ganized part in influencing our gov­ cal results of the election, but ernment's policies, particularly to would at the same time overcome speed the invasion of Europe. In other weaknesses such as bringing the process of this struggle against the middle classes and other non­ Hitlerism, labor will rally the peo­ working class sections of the pop- ple. WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR?

BY ROBERT MINOR

[Editor's Note: The St. Louis Post­ Street perhaps Main Street or Dispatch, one of t~ largest and Broadway, and if not tailors, per­ most influential new.p4pers of the haps publicists-engaged in reSQlv­ United States, recently published a ing what "we," the 900,000,000 peo­ series of articles as a symporium ple and mlllionfold armies of thirty­ of the views of representative men one nations-of China, the Philip­ and women in answer to the ques­ pines, Americans and British in the tion, ~'What Are We Fighting For?" South Pacific, Russians on the enor­ Contributors of articles included mous front that is the biggest the Su1n1&er W'•lws, Under Secretaru of world ever knew, and Free French­ State; former Governor Herbert H. men, Englishmen and Americans in Lehman of New York; Eric A. Africa-are fighting for. I am seri­ Johnston, Pre3ident of the Cha'n'i-" ously disturbed by this epidemic of beT of Commerce of the United discovery by each that his own pet States; Governor Harold E. Stas­ nostrum had suddenly become the sen of Minnesota; Monsignor John objective for which whole nations A. Ruan, Director of the National are fighting and dying. The impulse Catholic W~ Conjermce; the is to find that the sweet panacea Rt. Rev. Wffiidm Scarlett, Epi.Bco­ that one always wished one's neigh­ pcll Bishop ot ll«saouri; and Robert bor would listen to is now the ob­ M.,.. l"f•M• Roosevdt tmd ject for which the biggem war of all Vice-~ W4llace greeted. the time is being fought by the millions ~'119 01/ *lee ,svmpoaium in let­ who had never heard of this pana­ ters to the newspaper. Robert cea. Minor's contribution to the sympo­ I met an earnest man on the sub­ sium of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch way train who assured me that the is reprinted here by courte$'11 of real objective of this war is vege­ that newspaper.] tarianism. Although I am opposed to vegetarianism, and though Hitler HE Three Tailors of Tooley is a vegetarian, I don't think this T Street, SQ the story goes, came is a war either for or against vege­ together and reSQlved "We, the peo- tarianism. I have heard that dozens ple of London-." It is amazing how of super-efficient gentlemen are many trios of tailors there are now quietly spreading the word that the in Tooley Street or if not in Tooley millions are really making war for 434 WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? 435 technocracy, but I am inclined to it is the objective for which think it is an error. this war is being fought. My Aside from the ludicrous, we must party and I have been among look soberly at the deadly serious the strongest advocates of col­ danger· that our enemies have made lective security under an agree- · of the spurious objectives invented ment between the United States, by the Nazis, deliberately as crack­ Great Britain, the Soviet Union, the pot delusions for the subversion of French Republic and China since their victims. The bestial pretense 1935 when we insisted in vain that that this is a "race" war has served peace be enforced collectively by effectively as a screen behind which military and naval sanctions against is carried on the hideous epic of Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia. I murder of millions of cultured peo­ think the validity of that position ple of Europe. We must be on guard has been proved a hundred times against even well-meaning substitu­ over by the ghastly results of the tions for the real objectives of this contrary course, when we failed to war. The use made of the lie that it :make a world front against the is a war for a "New Order" in Eu­ stealthy Hitler-Mussolini invasion rope and Asia should be a warning and overthrow of the Spanish Re­ to us not to invent ''new orders" public and the martyrization of of our own fancy, as purely imag­ Czechoslovakia. I am firmly con­ ined objectives of this war. We need vinced that the lesson will be no "new order," neither a valid nor learned and the nations will achieve a synthetic, invented one, as an in­ such an arrangement by prolonging centive to fight to preserve the ac­ the present United Nations agree­ cumulated achievements of three ment after · the close of military centuries of civilization. action in this war. But I am under no illusion that • • • this belief of mine answers the ques­ To my mind some of the quite ra­ tion as to what the 900,000,000 men, tional or at least sober and decent women and children are fighting for suggestions for postwar set-ups of in this war. one kind or another-when they are What is the objective without offered as oo;.ectives of the war­ which there would have been no can be almost as dangerous as the military resistance to the German, less sober ones. For instance, in my Japanese and Italian armies? When opinion, a great world agreement or we answer this question we find the union of nations for collective secur­ great common denominator that ity and maintenance of peace on a moves the hearts and minds and world scale is quite a sensible pro­ fighting arms uniformly of all Chi­ posal; I think that it ought to be and nese, Filipino, Free French, Rus­ almost surely will be adopted. But sians, Americans and Englishmen. my opinion as to the salutory char­ That objective is to prevent the acter of such an arrangement must conquest of their countries by a for­ not deceive me into thinking that eign invader. 436 WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? To the question: What are we grandparents in their whole lives fighting for? it would be impossible never knew a day without hunger to give a more true or simple answer and misery, are fighting like tigers than that given by President Roose­ and have fought for six years unin­ velt on Lincoln's birthday: terruptedly to drive the Japanese "In every battalion, in every invaders out of their poverty­ ship's crew you will find every kind stricken valleys and hills, without of American citizen representing the slightest guarantee, excepting every occUJpation, every section, their own hopes and courage, that every origin, every religion and there will be a better life at the every political viewpoint. end of the war. I say this while ad­ "Ask them what they are fighting vising reactionaries not to bank on for and every one of them will say: this heroism and patriotism to the 'I am fighting for my country.~" extent of trying to deny either We are fighting for our country. Americans or Chinese a realization If amplification is needed, we are of their hopes for a better life after fighting to prevent the rule of our the war, because whoever does is country by a foreign conqueror. going to get hurt. We did not begin a war to ac­ In his letter to the Editor of the quire something we did not have. Post-Dispatch President Roosevelt We are fighting to keep something. spoke of this as a discussion of "the Our objective in this war is the sur­ aims and objectives for which the vival of the United States; and, United States and the United Na­ arising from that need of survival, tions are fighting." To this way of we are fighting collectively for the putting the question, the answer can survival of all free peoples in union be the simple common denominator. with whom alone we find survival I am impressed with the validity of possible. Vice President Wallace's outlook on I don't think it is jobs, .or social the postwar world, and everyone security. I am simple enough, if sim­ knows that he and the President are ple it is, to believe that the whole in full agreement and single-minded armed force of the United States both for the all-out war policy and would go into ·this war and fight in postwar perspective. But for the without flinching to the bitter end if purposes of this particular discus­ every man knew that on his return sion, Mr. Wallace's description of to his home after victory he would the subject as "the type of postwar find conditions no better than they world we must build if we are to were at the end of ·the first World avoid world war No. 3," does not War, without jobs or security. I am evoke the answer that expresses the naive enough, if naivete it is, to be­ great common denominator. lieve that American Joads would There seems to be very slight pos­ fight to keep foreign invaders from sibility, for example, for Generals ruling the Panhandle of Oklahoma. de Gaulle and Giraud to agree now Millions of Chinese who in their on the "type of postwar" France whole lives, and whose parents and that Frenchmen "must build" after WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? 437 the war, and if one waits until Yugoslavia to be ruled by the after these and other French pa­ "Greater Serb" Party. The result triots can agree upon a "type of is the inevitable. The supposed postwar" France, and if the rest of fighting against the German armies us wait with them, it is obvious that faded into no fighting at all, sup­ the postwar France will be built posed or real. And there is evidence not by Frenchmen but tby Germans. to prove that agreements were If the British trade unions and the reached by Mikhailovich with the British Conservative Party found commanders of the German army of no common objective for the war occupation. Nothing would be done until they could agree on "the type by Mikhailovich that might result of postwar" England, then Rudolf in successes of the other and larger Hess' parachute jump to the Eng­ military force of Yugoslavs, the lish countryside would prove to "Partisans." have been not in vain. The second and larger Yugo­ Under the goad of Nazi slavery in slav army, the "Partisans" is blood-soaked Europe, all French­ composed of men of a wide range men, Norwegians, Belgians, Dutch­ of political views, including Com­ men, all Englishmen, Greeks, Yugo­ munists, republicans, Serbian pa­ slavs--and even some newly awak­ triots, conservatives and even mon­ ening Italians and Bulgarians-are archists who favor the Karageorge­ finding the common objective that vich dynasty but who place the will move the very mountains. Gen­ driving of the German army out of erals de Gaulle and Giraud can Yugoslavia ahead of dynastic ques­ agree upon "the aims and objectives tions. It fights with only the for which" the whole of France will one objective--to free Yugoslavia fight, when we see that these ains of the foreign invader. Postwar and objectives sum up in the driving "types" of government will be set­ of the German and Italian invaders tled after the war, but by Yugo­ from their soil and that Frenchmen sJavs, not Germans. The truth is alone and not Gemnans will decide evident that the war can be won the "type of postwar" France. only by the course followed by Take another example. Two mili­ these "Partisans," and will· inevi­ tary forces of Yugoslavs are operat­ tably be lost if the course of Mi­ ing in Yugoslavia. General Mikhail­ khailovich is followed. ovich had long claimed to be fight­ ing the German invader, but ad­ • • • mitted that his military operations One of the postwar concerns of were modified to conform to a par­ Congresswoman Clare Boothe Luce ticular "postwar" preoccupation. -a fear that the lend-lease planes Operations, supposedly aimed at we send to England may be used in driving the German armies out of commercial competition with our Yugoslavia, had to be. modified to own aviation companies after the conform to the goal in a "type of war_:_is another example. Ob­ postwar'' Yugoslavia, that is, a viously, if we permitted our sending WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? of bombing planes to the British to not going to win this war. One is be modified by su-ch "postwar'' fully justified by common sense and considerations, there would be less by all experience of war in insist­ rubble in German tank factories. Or ing that everything we do is limited if we held back on production with and conditioned by the one objec­ full speed ahead and labor-manage­ tive of defeating the enemy. If we ment cooperation to that end, in don't it may be not the enemy that fear that it might strengthen the is defeated, but ourselves. "postwar" position of trade unions In concrete terms, if we consider in a great plant, it is the country it­ as supreme this one objective, we self that would be endangered by will immediately complete the great allowing this "poStwar" problem to military action that began with the impinge upon purely war consid­ landing in Africa. That !!Qmpletion erations. can only be in the carrying of the The only postwar problem that action over into an offensive in the has any present reality is the prob­ heart of Western Europe. If we lem of who will be the victor after were to consider some other ques­ the war. From the point of view of tion as coming before the question action, of decision, there are no of military decision, it is conceiv­ "postwar" problems, but only war able that we might delay about ful­ problems. Literally there is only one filling the purpose of the African problem whose solution we can landing in a :European landing. afl'ect in the slightest degree by any­ An extremely interesting edi­ thing that we do now, and that is torial in the New York Times of the all-decisive question whether March 2, committing that paper for the postwar problems will be solved the first time to the throwing of our by Adolf Hitler or 'by the United full weight into a Western European States and its Allies. front, indicates a realization that The postwar prospect for the without such action by us and by United States is a brilliant one if our British ally, it is not Soviet but two things are assured: Russia so much as the United States First: That we are the victors. and Great Britain that are most en­ Second: That the coalition of na­ dangered. There is a growin~ reali­ tions upon whose strength we de­ zation that the failure to launch the pend for the victory is solid enough European action may bring us a and is given sufficient momentum to disastrous situation. The editorial last through ~e war and into the expresses a fear that there may be a period when there will be postwar deadlock on the Eastern Front while problems. western Europe may be closed and Is winning the war limited to locked in the possession of the Ger­ beating the enemy? Up to a certain man power. Our great army and point, it is. And if we don't see to that of England may be isolated in it that everything is limited to the Africa through our delay in taking beating of the enemy up to the advantage of the present Russian point where he is beaten, we are offensive for our own offensive in WHAT ARE WJapan im­ 240 divisions of Germans and allies poses upon China-which in our of Hitler on the Eastern Front were vanity we thought could be attempt- 440 WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? ed only against "colonial peoples"­ vation of the old Union. But his­ is now imposed upon the Continent tory could not return to the old of Europe, and intended to be im­ Union; it returned to a Union that posed on England and the United was old in part, but new in the enor­ States. The whole nature of the mous absence of chattel slavery. struggle of Hitler-Germany, of fas­ In this war also we are fighting cist Italy and militarist Japan is to preserve what we have, our old that which results in the bodily democracy as it was before Hitler seizure and rule over all of the and Tojo and Mussolini. But that countries including the most ad­ old democracy will be stronger; vanced countries of Europe and and is it not now already clear that America that can be conquered by our heroic brother nation the Phil­ military force. ippines and we of the United States This is not "just another" war. It must come out of this war in a is a war for and against three cen­ higher relationship that contains turies o:f human progress in national freedom and independence for the independence and democracy. Philippines? We are fighting to Are we then fighting, not to ac­ break the hold of Japan upon China. quire something new, but only to The world contains no fool so utter keep something old? Are we fight­ as to believe that in the victory ing to preserve old injustices, to­ China will be returned to the status ward, for instance the Philippines, quo ante in which Western impe­ or China or India? In short, are we rialism held extraterritorial privi­ fighting for the s~atus quo ante? leges or that England or any other History knows no status quo ante. power will ever again be ensconced There is never a return to a previous in the great Hong Kongs and Shang­ historic condition, and this profound hais of a victorious China. To truth is the undoing of every reac­ defeat Japan the huge peoples of tionary. History does not move in a Asia, comprising half the popula­ circle. History "repeats itself" only tion of the world, must of necessity on a higher plane. Those who think be awakened, and in the Asia that that history moves in a circle and has broken that stranglehold of JaP­ returns to a point of departure are anese conquest there is not the deceived; it proves to .be not a slightest possibility that any power circle but a spiral; he who has been on earth can deal again with a robbed of democracy, or whose de­ single one of the larger countries of mocracy is attacked, and who fights Asia otherwise than on a rbasis of to preserve that democracy, inevita­ equality and independence. One of bly finds in the victory that his de­ the strangest phenomena of the day mocracy has been raised to a higher is the persistence of a belief that level in the fighting. It was so in India will, or can by any turn of our great Civil War of '61. Lmcoln history, be ruled after this war by and the nation fought to preserve any European or other foreign the Union, and succeeded in what power, if once the Japanese hold seemed in prospect to be the preser- upon China is broken. WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING FOR? 441 The act of defeating the Axis is sistency is a break-down of state indeed the act of determining the policy. Uncertainty as to whether character of the peace in all of its the respective members of an alli­ ramifications. Those are wrong who ance will follow such a consistent say "we can win the war and lose policy i& ·a dangerous weakness. the peace." It too often accom­ Clausewitz said in effect that in panies persuasive arguments against coalition warfare success "depends the rapid and full mobilization of on the cordiality of the alliance." our military forces. And too often That cordiality to some degree de­ it is made to mean: Let us not pends upon confidence in the con­ worry about the war, let us begin sistency of future peace policy with a quarrel about the peace. present war policy. In our present Plan the peace? Yes, but plan the wa:r of coalition it is absolutely war first, and if you plan it well necessary that the United Nations enough to achieve a democratic vic­ permit no doubt that their common tory you will have done all of the purpose applies consistently both planning of a peace that is ·possible to the war and to the peace. now, with one reservation. The war alliance of the United The reservation is of great im­ Nations should be given now that portance. It arises out of the fact enormous reinforcement that can that there is no hard and fast di­ be achieved by a firm and clear vision between the relations of na­ understanding that the collabora­ tions in war and their relations in tion of the period of war in the art peace. A certain radius of "plan­ of destruction will continue after ning the peace" is in fact at the the war in the art of construction sa:me time a strengthening of the and the keeping of the peace. The mutual relations and confidence 20-year treaty between Great Brit­ between the allies in the war, quite ain and the Soviet Union, which necessary to effective fighting and can and should be extended to the not a diversion from complete de­ United States and to other nations, votion to the one objective of vic­ is the harbinger of such ·an agree­ tory. Every war visualizes an end ment. With full confidence in its of military action and 'the begin­ assurance of collaboration after ning of other forms of activity the war, we must add a realistic based upon the results of the vic­ appreciation of the strength that it tory. This is inescapable. can give to the momentum of the Gen. Carl von Clausewitz, who war effort without which all else. coined the famous aphorism that will turn ·to ashes. "War is a continuation of state Hitler's propaganda is all of one policy by other (i.e., forceful) in­ the struments," :also pointed out that pattern now-to make us fear peace is a continuation by peaceful victory. To make us fear the victory means of the foreign policies which of our Allies, England and the So­ had been followed in war. viet Union, is the easiest way to Any failure to achieve such con- make us fear our own victory; and WHAT ARE WE FIGHTING J'OR! we know now that Soviet Russia it, or whether our oountry, to­ will not !be defeated. gether with its allies in a power­ France, official France, the France ful coalition, is vic'torious. that turned out to be Laval and Let us determine this problem Petain-feared the victory. Let's not now. The pmblem of victory is the go that way. Let's not find ''post­ pmblem of compelling the German war" reasons to pull our punches. army to face two ways. If we do The all-decisive postwar prob­ this, we will have the key which lem is: Who will be the vicflor?­ will unlock all postwar problems­ whether our country will be de­ feated and collapse in a ruin of the victory of the coalition of the civilization so colossal and a slav­ United Nations, which is truly a ery so degrading tlmt it is almost democratic coalition. Clemanf}ea• impossible for the mind to grasp will not write the treaty. ON WAGE STABILIZATION

BY WILLIAM AND PAULINE YOUNG A LMcussioo Article with a Reply by GILBERT GREEN

ILBERT GREEN, in his article War Labor Board's wage program Gin the March issue of The Com­ are the following: (1) Correction of munist, "Some Problems of Eco­ "maladjustments," that is, applica­ Domic Stabilization," makes a nota­ tion of the 15 per cent rule of the ble contribution to our thinking on Little Steel formula; (2) Correction this vital issue. However, it seems of inequalities and gross inequities; to us that in this discussion of (3) elimination of sub-standards of wages, Comrade Green has failed to living; and ( 4) Aid in the effective put his finger on the basic defects prosecution of the war. The general in the policies of the government dissatisfaction with the wage policy and the War Labor Board. has been primarily directed toward He points out correctly that when seeking an upward adjustment in labor accepted the Little Steel for­ the Little Steel formula. Compara­ mula it did S() in good faith and tively little attention has been given with the understanding that other by the unions and the War Labor phases of the war economy would Board tc the other three points of be stabilized along with wages. It the wage policy which, i! properly was understood that the cost of liv­ applied, are flexible enough to pro­ ing would be controlled and that vide the framework of a sound essential commodities which were wage policy. scarce would be rationed. It was Comrade Green points out cor­ likewise understood that excess rectly: profits would be curbed and that a sound tax program, based on abil- "Even if the Little Steel formula ity to pay, would be instituted: were to be revised upward, if this So far, the conditions of this ac- were not accompanied by effective price control and a tax program ceptance have not been lived up to. based on ability to pay, the prob- The result has been an increasing lem we face today would only re­ dissatisfaction with the wage stabi- peat itself a few months later. It lization policy of the government. would be the case of the tortoise, The four cardinal principles of the wages, chasing the hare, prices." 443

tion." tion." The The question question arises arises whether whether in in

end end of of producing producing wage wage stabiliza­ value value of of his his product. product.

mechanically mechanically

in in wage wage

cases cases

to to

the the

and and receives receives his his

due due

share share of of

the the

wage wage formula formula that that can can be be applied applied

ly ly compensated compensated

in in the the first first place place

there there is is no no rule rule of of thumb thumb or or static static

presuppose presuppose the the worker worker is is adequate­

"It "It to to needs needs

be be

emphasized emphasized

that that

on on the the cost cost of of living living factor factor is is to to

icy. icy. To To base base wage wage increases increases Companies Companies merely merely case, case, stated, stated,

ficient ficient in in determining determining opinion opinion a a wage wage in in the the pol­ West West Coast Coast Airframe Airframe

considerations considerations alone alone Labor Labor were were Board, Board, not not suf­ in in their their dissenting dissenting

we we have have labor labor held held members members that that cost cost of of of of the the living living National National War War

stabilization. stabilization. Approach Approach In In In In to to peacetime peacetime this this Wages. Wages. connection connection the the

Cost Cost thumb thumb of of Living Living to to solve solve Is Is Not Not the the problem problem the the Basic Basic of of wage wage

below: below: which which can can be be applied applied by by rule rule of of

for for the the reasons reasons sible sible to to which which find find a a we we mechanical mechanical set set forth forth formula formula

partial partial itself. itself. We We answer answer do do not not to to the the believe believe wage wage it it problem problem is is pos­

living living way way from from adjustment adjustment the the Little Little is is a a Steel Steel final final formula formula or or even even

We We do do gests gests not not agree agree differs differs that that in in the the any any cost cost fundamental fundamental of of

criterion criterion do do not not believe believe for for wage wage the the increases. increases. solution solution he he sug­

war," war," an an established established Little Little Steel Steel but but formula. formula. little-used little-used However, However, we we

phrase phrase "effective "effective to to the the question question prosecution prosecution of of of of wages wages the the than than the the

policies policies a a more more by by flexible flexible giving giving and and meaning meaning lasting lasting answer answer to to the the

contribution contribution formula formula to to War War and and Labor Labor approach approach Board Board that that can can give give

Green Green Labor Labor when when can can make make he he sets sets its its most most out out to to valuable valuable seek seek a a

We We are are in in accord accord with with Comrade Comrade

nificance." nificance."

tention tention to to matters matters of of production. production.

wages wages

takes takes

on on

an an

entirely entirely

new new

sig­

enable enable the the workers workers to to turn turn

their their at­

victory victory in in the the war, war, the the question question of of

complishment complishment

of of wage wage

stabilization stabilization needs needs of of production production essential essential for for

Board, Board, and and (4) (4) Through Through the the ac­ and and think think in in terms terms of of the the actual actual

the the bottleneck bottleneck in in the the War War beyond beyond Labor Labor the the money money form form of of wages wages

war war economy. economy. part part The The of of the the moment moment government; government; we we look look Break Break (3) (3)

able able in in the the country country in in an an all-out all-out forcement forcement of of price price ceilings ceilings on on the the

services services that that can can be be made made avail­ Provide Provide (2) (2) a a new new incentive incentive for for en­

supply supply

of of consumers' consumers'

goods goods and and stabilization stabilization in in a a workable workable

fashion; fashion;

of of production production consistent consistent with with the the

Establish Establish

the the

principle principle

of of wage wage

ficient ficient working working

class class for for the the tasks tasks

accomplish accomplish a a number number of of things: things: (1) (1)

the the

basis basis

of of providing providing the the most most ef­

tion tion of of the the war. war. He He claims claims it it would would

"Wages "Wages must must

be be

dealt dealt

with with

upon upon

to to the the wage wage problem problem for for the the dura­

a a more more flexible flexible and and lasting lasting answer answer his his speech speech of of August August 29, 29, 1942, 1942,

This This formula, formula, he he claims, claims, would would give give cy. cy. Browder Browder quite quite clearly clearly stated stated in in

justed justed to to the the rising rising cost cost of of living. living. tivity, tivity, workers' workers' morale morale and and efficien­

the the war, war, could could be be periodically periodically ad­ also also the the vital vital questions questions of of produc­

ments, ments, through through which which wages, wages, during during tor tor of of economic economic stabilization stabilization but but

formula formula for for cost cost of of living living adjust­ takes takes into into account account not not only only the the fac­

for for the the Little Little Steel Steel formula formula another another proach proach to to the the wage wage question question which which

He He then then suggests suggests as as a a substitute substitute What What is is really really needed needed is is an an ap­

444 444 ON ON WAGE WAGE STABILIZATION STABILIZATION ON WAGE STABILIZATION 445 wartime we should retreat from This upsets the whole foundation this position to the philosophy that of the cost of living index and we should maintain only the work­ makes it practically worthless as a ers' real wages, measured in terms measure of workers' real wages. of a "peacetime standard," or It is true that the cost of living whether we should adopt an en­ index published by the U. S. Bu­ tirely new philosophy based on the reau of Labor statistics has been al­ requirements of the war program. tered to a certain extent in an at-' Cost of Living Adjustments Do tempt to reflect recent vast changes Not Guarantee Real Wages. In in the buying habits of wage earn­ peacetime we have opposed cost of ers. However, it has been impos­ living adjustments as the sole con­ sible to make the index reflect the sideration in wage increases on the actual change in cost of living. For further baf!iS that such adjustments one thing, it cannot take into ac­ do not actually guarantee mainten­ count unusual expenses which have ance of a worker's real wages. The added to the real cost of living for cost of living index is not a crystal millions of workers, such as migra­ ball which tells us infallibly how tion to war centers, higher cost of much it costs to live. It is merely a food when meals are eaten at res­ statistical number, subject to all taurants, more difficult and expen­ the errors and pitfalls into which sive transportation because of long­ even the most honest statistics must er distances to work, etc. fall. The theory of the cost of living Also, the cost of living index does index briefly is this: not reflect enormous increases in A wage-earner's b"&dget is priced costs to workers because of de­ in a given period ( 1935-39 is the creased quality in articles of vital period used by the Bureau of Labor consumption. It cannot refleot the Statistics) and then that price is hardships on workers which result called 100 per cent. Increases or from shortages of essential foods decreases 'from this total price are such as meats, butter, etc. It does expressed as percentages of the not reflect the hards}tips occasioned original total, and the resultant by housing shortages. It does not number is called the cost of living take into account black market and index. This method works fairly bootleg prices which workers are well as a means of measuring the forced to pay for the goods they movements of workers' cost of liv­ need. ing as long as buying habits remain With these inherent weaknesses constant. However, extremely rapid no one can claim the cost of living · price changes such as we have had index is of any value at all as a in the last two years will cause measure of workers' real wages. marked changes in the buying hab- · The most it can do is give some in­ its of workers. Changes in supply of dication of. the movement of prices. the goods and services which work­ For instance, within the past six ers normally buy will likewise months, according to the Bureau of cause a change in buying habits. Labor statistics, there has been only

which which of of accomplish accomplish an an improved improved wage wage standard standard stabili- w:iH. w:iH. living living of of

mula-Little mula-Little yield yield Steel Steel more more or or fruitful fruitful any any other­ results results in in terms terms

no no rule rule of of coupled coupled thumb thumb or or to to mechanical mechanical a a sound sound for­ wage wage policy, policy,

zation, zation, but but one one which which we we have have would, would, pointed pointed if if out out above, above, there there is is

bilization bilization in in a a workable workable fashion. fashion. As As ing ing tremendous tremendous energy energy and and organi­

adjustment adjustment price price will will control. control. establish establish This This wage wage is is sta­ a a job job requir­

Green Green claims claims that that the the cost cost of of living living stantly stantly working working for for the the removal removal of of

business business interests interests which which Not Not Accomplish Accomplish are are con­ Stated Stated Objectives. Objectives.

Cost Cost trol trol of of Living Living of of prices prices Formula Formula as as it it meets meets Will Will from from big big

conditions. conditions. sure sure from from consumer consumer forces forces for for con­

itself, itself, even even O.P.A. O.P.A. under under is is normal normal subject subject economic economic to to as as much much pres­

rate rate than than the the cost cost of of living living index index is is our our responsibility responsibility to to see see that that

brackef..s brackef..s increases increases at at a a more more rapid rapid striving striving for for a a sound sound wage wage policy. policy. It It

cost cost of of living living of of the the lower-income lower-income price price control control program, program, as as well well as as

is is a a well-established well-established fact fact that that the the job job to to do do in in enforcement enforcement of of the the

of of living living increase. increase. Furthermore, Furthermore, it it the the unions unions themselves themselves have have a a major major

which which received received a a 4% 4% cent cent cost cost clearly clearly pointed pointed out out by by Green--that Green--that

lower lower than than the the Seattle Seattle Boeing Boeing plant plant seems seems to to us--and us--and this this has has not not been been

crease, crease, although although their their base base pay pay was was wholesale wholesale piercing piercing of of prices. prices. It It

plants plants received received no no cost cost of of living living in­ "creeping" "creeping" inflation inflation but but with with a a

which which the the Southern Southern California California we we would would faced faced not not with with a a be be

the the West West Coast Coast Airframe Airframe plants, plants, in in in in their their approach approach to to price price control, control,

Steel Steel formula formula is is the the recent recent case case of of low low the the premise premise outlined outlined by by Green Green

obtained obtained by by application application of of the the Little Little business. business. the the workers workers should should fol­ If If

A A sample sample of of the the anomalous anomalous result result tlemen tlemen "off "off the the dime" dime" and and down down to to

and and the the Little Little Steel Steel formula formula itself. itself. needed needed to to get get those those esteemed esteemed gen­

the the policy policy advocated advocated by by Gil Gil Green Green than than the the one one proposed proposed by by Green Green is is

spect spect there there is is no no difference difference between between apparent apparent that that a a stronger stronger incentive incentive

ward ward wage wage adjustments. adjustments. In In this this re­ and and their their influence influence in in O.P.A., O.P.A., it it is is

ers, ers, who who are are in in most most need need of of up­ ods ods of of the the enemies enemies of of price price control control

sideration sideration to to the the low-income low-income work­ familiar familiar with with the the policies policies and and meth­

the the unions unions that that it it gives gives least least con­ is is job job of of controlling controlling prices. prices. To To those those

of of the the Little Little Steel Steel formula formula made made by by to to to to the the government government perform perform its its

One One of of the the basic basic criticisms criticisms Workers. Workers. ing ing adjustment adjustment will will be be an an incentive incentive

Not Not Me.et Me.et Needs Needs of of Low-Income Low-Income Green Green suggests suggests that that a a cost cost of of liv­

Cost Cost of of Living Living Adjustment Adjustment Does Does tion tion of of wage wage issues. issues.

tainly tainly not. not. flexibility flexibility for for a a realistic realistic determina­

ter-when ter-when they they can can get get them? them? Cer­ the the War War Labor Labor Board Board sufficient sufficient

are are forced forced to to pay pay for for meat meat and and but­ velt velt on on wage wage stabilization stabilization did did give give

workers workers in in the the Los Los Angeles Angeles area area The The message message of of President President Roose­

black black market market prices prices which which the the production production and and economic economic program. program.

of of $200 $200 a a month month compensate compensate for for the the merits merits in in the the light light of of the the whole whole

Would Would a a $4.20 $4.20 increase increase to to a a wage wage case case must must considered considered on on its its own own be be

of of living living in in the the Los Los Angeles Angeles area. area. -tive, -tive, must must flexible. flexible. Every Every be be wage wage

a a 2.1 2.1 per per cent cent increase increase in in the the cost cost zation. zation. A A wage wage policy, policy, to to be be effec­

ON ON WAGE WAGE STABILIZATION STABILIZATION 446 446 ON WAGE STABILIZATION than would a hare-and-tortoise race we have advocated above. They for cost-of-living wage increases. It should continue to seek removal of seems to us, therefore, that to ex­ disruptive inequalities in wage rates. pend a major portion of our en­ They should seek to establish a clear ergy in seeking revision of the Lit­ conception of a substandard wage. tle Steel formula, or its conversion They should seek to give meaning to at17 other cost of living formula, to the phrase "effective prosecution is a tactical error which we cannot of the war," which is nQminally one afford. of the basic criteria of the board We do not agree with Green's for granting wage increases, but thesis that an automatic cost of liv­ which, except for a few cases, has ing adjustment would break the never been properly utilized by the bottleneck of the War Labor Board, unions or by the board itself. They for the simple reason that it would should seek establishment and ap­ not solve the wage problems of the proval by the War Labor Board of workers. Even tlmugh such adjust­ incentive wage systems which will ments might be handled outside of help increase production. They the boanl machinery, there would should WQrk out labor utilization still be a flood of requests for wage plans which will guarantee a full increases because the basic prob­ week's work to every worker and lems would nat have been so~ved. assure him not only adequate earn­ Moreover, some kind of govern­ ings but full participation in the mental machinery would have to war effort. be established to check on cost of While striving for adoption of a living wage adjustments because of sound wage policy, the unions must the tendency on the part of em­ carry out their equally important ployers to pay illegally high wages job on other frontts of economic for the purpose of pirating labor stabilization-taxation, price con­ and chec:ld.ng unionization. If the unions want to take a truly trol, rationing, control of excess constructive approach toward im­ profits. A'bove all, they must con­ proving the machinery of the War tinue their efforts for establishment Labor Board, they should tackle of an over-all plan of the nation's 1heir wage problems in the manner war effort.

REPLY BY GILBERT GREEN

OMRADES William and Pauline ductivity, workers' morale and ef­ CYoung are entirely correct when ficiency." In their own treatment of they say that what is needed is an wages, however, the factor of eco­ approach to the wage question nomic stabilization plays no role "which takes into account not only whatsoever. the factor of economic stabilization My artide, "Some Problems of but also the vital questions of pro- Economiic Stabilization," in dealing 448 ON WAGE STABILIZATION with wages, limited itself to only more that of wage freezing and one phase of the problem-its rela­ even the flexible interpretation of tion to economic stabilization and those aspects of the wage policies the fight against inflation. I can as­ deallilg with substandard wages and sure the comrades that this aspect inequalities could not make up for of the problem is not umelated to the constant rise in the cost of liv­ both labor productivity and labor ing and the increasing drift toward morale. inflation. The comrades state that the wage This failure to apply the anti­ policies as established by the Ad­ inflation program of the A~is­ ministration at the time of the pro­ tration, for which the defeatists and nouncement of the Little Steel wage obstructionists are in the main re­ formula "are flexible enough to pro­ sponsible, caused no end of discon­ wde the framework of a sound wage tent in the ranks of the workers, policy." impaired productivity and efficiency What the Comrades Young seem and created the danger of sharp to forget is that when the wage class battles. policies of the Administration were Bearing these developments in enunciatedi last Fall they consti­ mind, I wrote in my March article tuted but one plank in an economic that the labor movement seeks "a stabilization and anti-inflation pro­ basic solution to the wage problem gram which promised! that there by all-out rationing and strict pri.ce would be no further increases in the control and lby the raising of sub­ cost of living, democratic rationing, standard wages and the removal of a tax program based on the ability wage inequalities. The C.I.O. has to pay and a $25,000-a-year ceiling fought for these for months. But over personal earnings. unless and until thiese basic answers These comrades would be justi­ are appHed forcefully and efficiently fied in their position if this anti­ the pressure for increased wages inflation program had really been coTTespcmding to the increase in the applied. But it was not, except in cost of living will continue to respect to wages. The cost of·living mount." continued to spiral upward at even And further, "To refuse to adjust a faster pace than previously. Profi­ wages to the increased cost of living teering remained unchecked. A dis­ is to make a cynical mockery of the proportionate tax burden was phrase 'economic stabilization'; for placed on the backs of those least there can be no stabilization if ceil­ able to pay through the 5 per cent ings are imposed and enforced on payroll Victory Tax and the new wages alone." income tax rates. Rationing was With these views the Comrades slow in making its appearance and Young disagree. They believe that even at this late darte is not yet it was a tactical error to sup­ universal and democratic in its ap­ port the demands of labor for an pLication. Wage stabilization tended upward revision of the Little Steel therefore to become more and wage formula. They believe that it ON WAGE STABILIZATION 449 was also incorrect to think in terms down all barriers to industrial strife of a more flexible cost of living and remove even the objective of formula which could be adjusted wage stabilization. periodically to the rising cost of living. They are in fact opposed to * * * any cost of living formula whatso­ The hold-the-line Executive Or­ ever. der of the President, issued a few In their discussion article they days ago, introduces a new element devote considera:ble space to prov­ into the situation and opens up a ing that cost of living indexes are new opportunity for a basic solu­ not accurate barometers of real tion to the problem. This Order wages. They argue that any attempt points to the grave danger of infla­ to base wages merely on the cost tion; declares that prices will of living is wrong. But in all this henceforth be controlled and some the comrndes only succeed in of them rolled back to September, knocking down straw men, for these 1942, levels; adopts the system of are not the issues. subsidies as a means of inducing in­ Yet evidently there is a purpose creased production in certain lines in the argumentation: What are the without bringing about an increase comrades out to prove by this line in pria;s; proh1bits increases in of argument? That labor should put wages except where necessary to forward no wage demands based correct substandards of living and upon cost of living considerations? authorizes reasonable adjustments This certainly is not the position of wages in cases of promotions, re­ of the majority of workers. It is classifications, merit increases and precisely because they do think of incentive wages. wages as also related to the cost of This Order together with the living and profits that they have President's veto of the inflationary been so insistent that something be Bankhe~d Bill indicates that the done about the present situation. Administration intends more vigor­ Furthermore, the workers know ously to apply its anti-inflation pro­ that the present Little Steel wage gram. If truly implemented and ex­ formula is itself a cost of living ecuted it can become an important formula but one which no longer turning point in the battle against holds for the cost of living today. inflation. It is for this reason that If the comrades are consistent in the labor movement-John L. Lewis their opposition to cost of living excepted-has thrown its support to formulas in principle then they this Order and intends to fight for should not merely oppose upward its realization, but not without cer­ revision of the Little Steel for­ tain reservations and trepidations. mula or its conversion to a more The Executive Order in itself does flexible formula but should call for not yet provide the guarantees that its elimination entirely, replacing it the trerid toward inflation will . be with nothing new. That's the logic halted. First, the Executive Order of thei.!- position, which would let must be fought for by the labor 450 ON WAGE STABILIZATION movement and by the Administra­ eration and are eliminated, this will tion, for one must not underesti­ have a detr.imeDJtal effect on work­ mate the defeatist and reactionary ers' morrue, efficiency and produc­ forces who are working to bring on tivity. Unless the War Labor Board inflation with its concomitant of is restored, with i,ts former powers IWOllen profits, internal dissension of discretion, there is grave danger and economic chaos-:-to the end that labor will lose confidence in that the country will be una:ble to the govei"IUDent's arbitration ma­ wage an offensive war against Hit­ chinery; for wage decisions will lerism. then be made without any la:bor Second, the Executive Order is representation whatsoever, inflation itself replete with dangerous loop­ will not be controlled, and labor's holes which if not plugged rapidly standards and the national war may result in the defeat of its cen­ morale will be jeopardized. tral objective. Let me cite a few Furthermore, there is no guaran- • examples. The Price Administrator tee as yet that Congress will go is directed to place ceilings on all along with the President's program. commodities "affecting the cost of At this moment the opposite is the living." We may ask, what com­ case. The House Appropriation modities do ne>t affect the cost of Ooinlllittee is out to liquidate the living? Does this phrase refer to Farm Security AdministratioR, re­ super-luxury articles purchased by sists giving the Office of Price Ad­ the ultra-rich, or is it one of those ministration the appropriation it loopholes through which prices will needs to police price ceilings and continue to mount? apply democratic rationing, seeks to The Executive Order further resurrect the inflationary provisions fails to make clear the iMention to of the Bankhead Bill and still fav­ roll back a.U prices to September ors the inflationary Pace Bill. 15, 1942, levels. H says that "some Thus a great responsibility is of these can and should" but inserts placed on the labor movement. It a loophole as wide as a house wi,th must give its full support to the its phrase, "All of these cannot be Executive Order while pressing to rolled back." Why not? Especially eliminate its many loopholes and if government subsidies are to be omissions. Lt certainly must insist available for those production units that the powers of the War Labor unable to meet increased costs and Board not be curbed and that pro­ as inducements for increased pro­ vision be made to treat realistically duction? with the problem of wage inequali­ Anather glaring omission and ties. It mUBt especially throw its shortcoming in the Executive Or­ full support to the provisions in der is the elimination of any con­ the Execl.lltive Order dealing with aider~tion of wage inequalities and incentive wages, guaranteeing that its .tendency to deprive the War La­ the workers shall receive full re­ bor Board of its former role. Unless muneration for every increase in wage inequalities are given conlrid- productivity. At the same time it ON WAGE STABILIZATION 451 must concentrate its undted strength other wiLl become entirely aca­ to defeat the reactionary inflation­ demic. ary blo~ in Congress. If, however, the Executive Order If prices are controlled; if univer­ and the struggle of labor for its ap­ sal and democratic rationing is in­ plication do not stop the drift to­ stituted; if an equitable tax program ward inflation, then come hell or is adopted; if profiteering is high water there is no power that checked; if substandard wages are will be able to keep the workers raised and gross inequalities elimi­ from demanding in ever more em­ nated; if the principle of incentive phatic terms that the Little Steel wages is correctly applied; then the pressure in the ranks of labor wage formula be revised or con­ for general wage increases will verted to one of a more flexible »ubside and the issue of difference character, giving to them an in­ between the Comrades Young on crease in wages corresponding to the one hand and nl)'self on the the increase in the cost of living. THE NEW STAGE IN THE FIGHT TO ABOLISH THE POLL-TAX

BY THEODORE R. BASSETT

HE semi-feudalistic poll-tax sitions of power, not only exercises· T disfranchises ten million Amer- a pro-fascist minority veto over icans, six million whites, and four vital win-the-war measures, but is million Negroes in seven Southern now engaged, together with these states. But its abolition is not the defeatists, in a most brazen reac­ issue of the Southern people alone. tionary offensive against the na­ It is an urgent issue for all Ameri- tion's war program. cans North and South. Passage The Copperheads and defeatists of H.R. 7, the Marcantonio Anti- are active in every ;phase o:f opr so­ Poll Tax Bill, is the vital concern cial and political life. But all of the entire American people, be- their obstructionist activity comes cause the speedy wiping out of the to a head in Congress. They have poll tax in this session Qf Con- succeeded in delaying the opening gress is a win-the-war necessity. of the Second Front in Western Repeal of the poll tax will strength- Europe. They are now energeti-· en national unity, will enhance cally trying to create confusion, ag­ America's power in the United gravate class frictions and internal Natiom, and will contribute to strife purposely to destroy govern­ speeding the destruction of the Hit- ment - labor - industry collaboration ler Axis. and national unity, wreck the war Why is the immediate repeal of effort, and thus pave the way for a the poll tax a win-the-war neces- negotiated peace with the Axis. sfty? Because the reactionary The Southern poll-tax Botwbons Southern poll-tax bloc controls a base themselves on their reactionary majority of key Congressional com- class interests, for the maintenance mittees and, with an effectively dis- of their special status quo. They franchised electorate, uses this fear that their reactionary political power tCI obstruct vital win-the-war positions and the backward, semi­ measures. feudal socio-economic structure in Working hand in glove with the the South will be wiped out in the reactionary coalition· oo:f Hoover Re- course of this progressive war. publicans and Wheeler Democrats, Hence, their ol"ganized defeatism. the Southern poll-tax bloc, from po- The very idea of the Four Free- 452 THE FIGHT AGAINST THE POLL-TAX 453 doms and the Atlantic Charter is Senate and eleven in the House. anathema to them. This includes such key committees in the House as Appropriations, * * * Rules, Foreign Affairs and Military There are sixty-nine Represen­ Affairs. The poll-taxers gain these tatives and fourteen Senators from controlllng positions by seniority. the seven poll-tax states, Alabama, With the masses effectively ex­ Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, cluded from the ballot by rthe poll South Carolina, Texas, and Vir­ tax, the "representatives" are re­ gima. There are also ten elected• turned to Congress, election after Represer.tatives and two Senators election, by corrupt political ma­ from Tennessee which abolished the chines. poll tax in February of this year. The poll-taxers hold the controlling * * * chairmanships of eleven out of At the very moment when Con­ thirty-three standing committees of gress should have been taking steps. the Senate, including such key com­ to carry out the people's will for mittees as Foreign Relations, headed vigorous prosecution of the war, by Tom Connally of Texas; Rules, st the very moment when the by Harry Flood Byrd of Virginia; glorious offensive of the Red Army Appropriations, by Carter Glass of presented the U.S.A. and Great Virginia; Agriculture, by Ellison Britain with the opportunity of D. Smith of South Carolina; Fin­ speeding up the destruction of Hit­ ance, by Walter F. George of ler Germany through the opening Georgia; and Immigration, by of the large-scale military offen­ Richard B. Russell of Georgia. In sive in Western Europe, the de­ the House the poU-taxers hold the featist forces put over in Congress controlling chairmanships of seven­ a first-rate victory for Hitler. The teen of rthe forty-seV1en standing House endorsed the poll-tax Con­ committees, including such key gressman Martin Dies, 302-94. committees as Judiciary, chaired by Martin Dies is ''The American Hatton W. Sumners of Texas; Naval most frequently quoted by the Axis Affairs, by Carl Vinson of Georgia; Radio," says Newsweek, in Janu­ Agriculture, by Hampton P. Ful­ ary, 1942. Likewise, the New York mer of South Carolina; Banking and Herald Tribune, prior to the House Currency, by Henry B. Steagall of vote on the resolution to continue Alabama; Merchant Marine and the Dies Committee, urged that an Fisheries, by Schuyler Otis Bland end be made to this "play into of Virginia; Civil Service, by Rob­ Hitler's hands." ert Ramspeck of Georgia; and Riv­ The white supremacy poll-tax ers and Harbors, by Joseph P. system gave us Martin Dies, aptly Mansfield of Texas. called by Earl Browder "our The poll-taxers hold second rank­ American Fifth Columnist Extra­ ing Democratic positions on seven ordinary." other srtanding committees in the It was Representative E. E. Cox 454 THE FIGHT AGAINST THE POLL-TAX of poll-tax Georgia who introduced also succeeded in slashing the $65,­ the resolution to extend the life of 000,000 farm labor appropriation to the Dies Committee. $26,000,000, and in transferring the The poll-taxers yield also a high supervision of the program from quota of professional labor-'baiters, the Farm Security Administration such as Representatives Sam Hobbs to the Department of Agriculture of Alabama, Howard Smith of Vir- extension service controlled by the ginia, E. E. Cox and Carl Vinson of Farm Bloc, thus seriously impeding Georgia, John Rankin of Mississippi, the· efforts to increase the produc­ as well as Senator Lee W. O'Daniel tivity of the small farmers neces­ of Texas. These labor-baiters are sary to the Victory Food Program. actively engaged in attacks on labor The poll-tax-led Farm Bloc put in the present reactionary drive through the Senate and House the against the war effort in Congress. Bankhead Bill which would boost A whole series of defeatist meas- prices seven per cent. In vetoing ures constituting a serious danger to that permcwus bill, President the national unity and the war ef- Roosevelt correctly declared it "in­ fort has the solid backing of the flationary in character," stating that poll-tax bloc, demagogic measures "It will make the winning of the typified by the Hobbs "anti-racket- war more difficult and gravely im­ eering" bill, the Johnson "Work or peril the peace." Fight Bill," the Byrd Bill to draft The obstructionist activity of the strikers, and the Connally Bill to poll-taxers is further evidenced in seize plants on strike. the aggressive role they have The Congressional Farm Bloc, played in the attacks of the defeat­ which represents the interests of the ist camp on the O.P.A;., on the large cotton planters and com- $25,000 salary limitation order of mercial farmers, and which has sue- President Roosevelt, on the F.E.P.C., cessfully obstructed even the partial on the extension of the franchise to steps toward the all-out conver- the soldiers, sailors and marines, on sion of agriculture, is headed by the project for emergency care for poll-tax Representatives Steagall the children of soldiers whose wives and Hobbs and poll-tax Senators are employed in war industry; in Bankhead of Alabama and "Cotton the hamstringing investigation of Ed" Smith of South Carolina. Government agencies such as the VIctory food production, which F.S.A., the Smith Resolution to in­ demands the conversion of cotton vestigate the conduct of the war; in plantations to food and livestock the withholding of funds from the centers, is .bitterly opposed by the War Manpower Commission; in Bourbon planters, and their poll- scrapping Administration plans to tax representatives. One third of increase corporation and profit the nation's farm labor is in non- taxes; in bringing forward the essential crops, such as cotton and Bankhead bill, to use soldiers on tobacco. The Farm Bloc is deter- the cotton plantation; and in a num­ mined to keep it so. ber of other instances which could The poll-tax-led Farm Bloc hasbe cited. THE FIGHT AGAINST THE POLL-TAX 455 The Congressional poll-taxers are present form during the last decade doing their utmost to carry out the of the 19th Century, when Ameri­ "divide and conquer" tactics of Hit­ can industrial capitalism was being ler. Particularly notorious in this transformed into imperialism. Prior regard is the racist Representative to the beginning of the Civil War, John Rankin of Mississippi, arch the poll tax, which served historic­ Negro~baiter, anti-Semite, and So­ ally as a transition from property viet-hater. qualifications to free suffrage, had Through the Negro discrimina­ been abolished in all but six states, tions and disabilities which the poll­ two in the South and four in the taxers foster and impose on the pro­ North. The disfranchisement move­ duction front and in the armed ment which swept the South begin­ force~, they hamper the war effort, ning with the 90's of the last cen­ and undermine the civilian and tury was the answer of Northern army morale. reaction and the Southern bouvbons Through their slanderous anti­ to the growing unity of the Negro Negro rantings, designed to demora­ and white masses as exemplified in lize the 13,000,000 Negro people, the Populist movement. It was ihe and to destroy national unity, they definite means of the Bourbons for foment inter-racial strife and there­ checking the people's movement, ar­ by furnish propaganda for a fascist resting this unity and giving "legal" fifth column which is known to be form to existing Negro repression. working feverishly among the mil­ When Carter Glass, Senior Sena­ lions of colored people of Africa, tor from Virginia, one of the mov­ Asia, and Latin America. ing lights in the establishment of Further, the disfranchisement of the poll taxes and the lily-white 10,000,000 Americans through the constitutions, was asked at the Vir­ poll tax weakens United Nations' ginia Constitutional Convention of unity and brings into question 1901-02 whether the poll tax was among the darker peoples of India, not excluding the Negroes from the China and Latin America the sin­ ballot by fraud, he answered: "By cerity of America's and the United fraud, no; by discrimination, yes. Nations' aims. Its passage is neces­ But it will be discrimination within sary to heighten the morale of the the letter of the law. Discrimina­ American people, to achieve the tion! Why, that is precisely what we full integration of the Negro people propose.... "* in the national unity and to deprive The object of the poll tax, to re­ the fascist demagogues of any basis strict the electorate through dis­ for pointing the finger of scorn franchisement, has been achieved. against the U.S.A. In the 1940 elections only 30.7 per The fight to abolish the poll tax cent of the potential voters went to system is a fight for national unity, a fight for victory. • Reports of the Proce

ple, ple, and and has has fought fought for for Negro Negro rights rights poll poll tax. tax.

tional tional oppression oppression of of the the Negro Negro peo­ task, task, the the immediate immediate repeal repeal of of the the

has has its its roots roots the the disgraceful disgraceful na­ in in fillment fillment of of this this urgent urgent win-the-war win-the-war

pointed pointed out out how how the the poll-tax poll-tax system system place place labor labor itself, itself, for for the the timely timely ful­

the the leadership leadership of of Earl Earl Browder, Browder, has has win-the-war win-the-war forces, forces, and and in in the the first first

;;JOll-tax ;;JOll-tax system. system. The The party, party, under under the the trade trade unions unions must must rally rally all all the the

abolition abolition of of the the white white supremacy supremacy Left Left and and progressive progressive forces forces within within

sistently sistently argued argued and and fought fought for for the the tradition, tradition, the the Communists Communists and and the the

repeal repeal of of the the poll poll tax. tax. has has con­ It It In In the the spirit spirit of of this this pioneering pioneering

ment ment of of the the 1943 1943 campaign campaign for for the the national national unity. unity.

an an important important part part in in the the develop­ bution bution toward toward the the strengthening strengthening of of

The The Communist Communist Party Party has has played played This This has has constituted constituted a a great great contri­

inimical inimical to to our our war war effort effort today. today. * * * *

white white supremacy supremacy poll-tax poll-tax system system so so

time. time. struck struck at at the the very very heart heart of of the the

may may be be required required from from time time to to ning ning the the war. war. Thus, Thus, the the party party has has

gations gations to to be be directed directed wherever wherever they they practices practices now now as as essential essential to to win­

telegrams, telegrams, telephone telephone calls, calls, and and dele­ its its struggle struggle to to wipe wipe out out Jiin-Crow Jiin-Crow

paign paign continuously continuously through through letters, letters, and and anti-lynch anti-lynch legislation, legislation, and and in in

ing ing every every individual individual in in the the cam­ long long fight fight for for Federal Federal anti-poll anti-poll tax tax

the the adoption adoption of of resolutions, resolutions, involv­ bars bars in in the the trade trade unions, unions, in in its its

political, political, and and jobs jobs civic civic and and for for bodies, bodies, abolition abolition securing securing of of Jim-Crow Jim-Crow

in in neighborhood, neighborhood, fraternal, fraternal, religious, religious, Angelo Angelo Herndon, Herndon, in in the the struggle struggle for for

ganization ganization of of labor labor and and the the people, people, dom dom of of the the Scottsboro Scottsboro boys boys and and of of

anti-poll anti-poll evidenced evidenced tax tax literature literature in in the the in in fight fight every every for for or­ the the free­

5. 5. To To promote promote nist nist Party Party the the distribution distribution has has consistently consistently of of been been

measure. measure. This This activity activity of of the the Commu­

the the Senate Senate as as a a vital vital win-the-war win-the-war semi-feudal semi-feudal South. South.

House House and and as as a a companion companion essential essential to to measure measure the the breakup breakup in in of of the the

THE THE 460 460 FIGHT FIGHT AGAINST AGAINST THE THE POLL-TAX POLL-TAX THOMAS E. DEWEY: HIS RECORD

BY S. W. GERSON

OSSESSING more than ·one­ ney George Z. Medalie and an as­ P tenth the nation's population sistant U. S. Attorney in the and electing more than 10 per cent Hoover Administration, Dewey was of the House of Representatives, catapulted to gang-busting fame by New York is obviously a politically a more-than-helpful press after he crucial state. The largest manufac­ was named a special prosecutor by turing and second largest dairy Gov. Herbert Lehman in 1935. state in the Union, and the nation's Much of his reputation derives from financial and cultural center, it has activity in certain service unions the largest labor movement of the which were cleaned up with the ac­ country. As the home state of tive cooperation of progressive President Roosevelt and Wendell unionists who had spent risky years Willkie, it demands close political fighting the mobsters. The latter scrutiny. question, however, Dewey rarely But the fact that New York for discusses. the first time in a generation has In 1937 the 35-year-old Dewey a Republican Governor, in the per­ was elected District Attorney on the son of Thomas E. Dewey, gives the Republican-Fusion-American Labor state's politics an especial impor­ Party slate. Hardly had he taken tance and makes the political char­ office in 1938 when he began to cast acter of its Chief Executive a legiti­ covetous eyes at the Governor's mate object of political attention, Mansion in Albany. It was at that particularly when it is recalled that time that Hearst began to boost he is an avowed candidate for the Dewey, writing: Presidency. What are Dewey's policies on "The election of Dewey is a na­ fundamental international and na­ tional issue ... that will be ac­ tional questions? What is his record cepted in every state of the coun­ on state legislation? What light try as a rebuke of government blundering of the Treasury ... un­ does his record shed on his basic sound legislation, radicalism, Com­ views, the social forces he repre­ munism.... " (New York Evening sents and the political groups with Journal, Nov. 3, 1938) which he is allied? * * * The 1938 gubernatorial race is A protege of former U. S. Attor- now history. Dewey ran consid- 461 THOMAS E. DEWEY erably ahead of Governor Lehman has erected a bureaucracy o! so­ on the Democratic ticket, but was called administrators who have unable to win since Lehman also harassed and bedeviled every field had the American Labor Party of enterprise." (New York Times, nomination. The combination was Feb. 13, 1940.) enough to nose out Dewey by 64,- While never as outspoken as Sen­ 349 votes. (Lehman would not have ators Wheeler and Vandenberg and received that margin had not the Rep. ·Martin Dies, he gave consid­ Communist candidate, Israel Amter, erable support to their views, urg­ withdrawn in his favor. Amter, ing the "avoidance of foreign en­ running for Representative-at­ tanglements" and demanding the Large, received 105,681 votes.) elimination from public life of "So­ In 1939, Dewey began his cam­ cialists, Communists and fellow paign for the Republican Presiden­ travelers." (New York Times, May tial nomination. On July 7 the 28, 1940.) Hearst papers from coast to coast Possibly Dewey's most rounded­ carried a full-page editorial boom­ out opinion on foreign affairs was ing him. The very next day Dew­ given in a speech before a group ey's "advisers" announced the start of Republican women in New York of a nationwide drive to win the on January 20, 1940, when he had Presidential nomination. The same the following to say concerning the day the Scripps-Howard press said Soviet Union: that Dewey "will deal largely with economy, a subject on which he "It has recently been revealed feels most deeply. . . . His hardest that within the past year the ad­ task just now is to satisfy both A1f ministration seriously considered still another deal with the Union M. Landon and Herbert Hoover." of Soviet Socialist Republics. In • • * a futile attempt to avert war, it Bidding for the Republican nom­ actually explored the possibilities of a fantasti.c partnership with ination, Dewey had persistently Russia.... I think our administra­ thru~ed the anti-Roosevelt lyre, tion will stop trying to make deals attacking the New Deal as the with Russia . . . we need no such "mess that's been made in the last partnerships. With the world as it seven years." (New York Times, is today, we can afford no more Dec. 10, 1939.) At one point he fuzzy-minded departures from the asked: established course of our foreign policy." (New York Herald Tribune, "Are your children and mine go­ Jan. 21, 1940. ing to be free men or are they being sold into the bondage of debt Not only did Dewey put himself by an irresponsible and spendthrift on record at that time as opposed administration?" (New York Times, to the "partnership with Russia," Jan. 24, 1940.) which is today our established na­ A month later he assailed the tional policy and upon which our New Deal on the ground that "it national security depends, but he THOMAS E. DEWEY 463 went far beyond that by attacking Legislature and those at other for­ recognition of the Soviet Union: ums-are significant in their omis­ sions as well as their specific dec­ "Insofar as the present adminis­ larations. All show lip service to tration has adhered to the policies of its predecessors, it has met with the war effort, but significantly the general approval of the Ameri­ avoid mention of the words fascism, can people, but it has occasionally the Axis, Hitler, etc. In no speech strayed from the path. A conspicu­ has he referred to the United Na­ ous and most unfortunate departure tions or the concepts inherent in was the recognition by the New this coalition. He has studiously ig­ Deal of Soviet Russia." (Ibid.) nored the necessity for an offensive In the same speech Dewey at­ in Europe. In short, he has said tacked the Soviet Union in made­ nothing that might offend appeasers in-Berlin terminology, declaring like Vandenberg, Taft, Wheeler and that the great Soviet government Nye. Politically shifty, his public had "achieved power by assassina­ addresses bear out Earl Browder's tion" and terming it "a perversion pithy description of the man: of government abhorrent to the conscience of mankind." (Ibid.) "Thomas E. Dewey represents the Hoover-Landon forces, but maneu­ In the absence of any other im­ vers to avoid the sharp issues in portant statement, that speech must the struggle against Willkie and the remain on the record as Mr. Dew­ national unity forces." (Victory­ ey's definite views on America's re­ and After, International Publishers, lationship with our great Soviet pp. 120-121.) Ally. The central thoughts of Dewe:y's • • • speeches are the slogans of So­ Dewey as Governor, with a sub­ called "free enterprise," the chief lel'Vient Legislature, four years of slogan of Herbert Hoover and the power ahead of him and millions National Association of Manufac­ of doll.ars' worth of patronage, may turers, and that shibboleth of re­ or may not be the Republican Presi­ actionary poll-taxers, "states' dential candidate in 1944. However, rights." The danger to the system he is apparently making every ef­ of free enterprise, according to fort to control the New York con­ Dewey, comes not from Berlin but Tention delegation of about 115, ap­ from Washington. His attacks, in proximately one-fifth the number carefully veiled phrases, have been necessary fn nominate the candi­ consistently leveled, not only at date. His current speeches and Washington's present policies, but acts theretore are some forecast of on the post-war ideas put fGrth by the line he will adopt at the G.O.P. Henry Wallace. There is a signifi­ convention. cant basic identity between Dewey's Dewey"s most important pro­ views and those put forth by Wil­ crammatic speeches-his inaugural liam Witherow, N.A.M. National address, his opening message to the President. 464 THOMAS E. DEWEY In his message to the Legislature ing their whole purpose virtually on January 6, Dewey said: regulated out of existence. .The \ process we are witnessing with our " ... We must not fall into the own eyes, here at home, demon­ error of assuming that public works strates the fundamental truth that are a substitute for the enterprise there is no place for genuine col­ of a free society. They are merely lective bargaining in a regulated one aspect of the total productive economy. That is true because col­ effort. Except in a totalitarian so­ lective bargaining is a right of ciety, public works can never be free labor and there can be no free more than a small percentage of labor except in a free econ­ the activity of a nation. We must omy.... " make sure that we make our plans in every respect for the free society Reports were current that this for which we are fighting." section of Dewey's speech was ap­ The similarity to Witherow's line proved by some state A. F. of L. can be seen in the following news­ leaders. Whether approved or not, paper dispatch from Chicago: the fact is that Dewey's thinly veiled "William P. Witherow, Chairman attack on the Roosevelt Administra­ of the Board of National Association tion and his crocodile tears over of Manufacturers, pledged the organized labor's new difficulties wholehearted cooperation of indus­ are a crafty attempt to utilize the try in rebuilding a homeless and grievances and ineptitude of cer­ hungry post-war world-but under tain ultra-conservative elements the banner of free enterprise." (New in the A. F. of L. leadership. Some York Herald Tribune, Jan. 14, 1943.) A. F. of L. leaders, unable to ad­ While Dewey's main strength has just themselves to the new forms come in . the past from the farm of union activity required by the areas and the city middle classes, he war situation, are undoubtedly hos­ is clearly going beyond these groups tile to various federal regulations. and is attempting to win over a sec­ The Woll-Hutcheson forces, steeped tion of the labor movement. His in craft union partisanship, have message to the Legislature con­ been leaning toward revision, if not tained a deceptive appeal to the total destruction of the Wagner Act. trade union movement, which upon Dewey is evidently seeking political examination is revealed as funda­ alliance with some of these groups. mentally anti-labor. He said then: In this sly passage, Dewey at­ tempts three things: firstly, to con­ "Organized labor faces· a diffi­ vey the argument that the Federal cult crisis in our country today. government is responsible for oner­ In large measure the forms of free ous regulations harmful to labor; collective bargaining have been secondly, that trade unions have no superseded by regulations govern­ genuine functions today; and third­ ing hours, wa~s and cQonditions of employment promulgated by the ly, that trade unionism can exist federal government.... For the only under a Hooverite type of time being labor unions are find- "free" economy. THOMAS E. DEWEY 465 The attack on the Federal admin­ public housing vanish. This position istration's war labor policies­ finds its demagogic counterpart in agreed to in the interests of a peo­ John L. Lewis' recent attacks on ple's war by the overwhelming the reports of the National Re­ majority of organized labor-was sources Planning Board for an leveled in the same speech with American Beveridge Plan. Moved the statement: "The hard-won by the same basic anti-New Deal rights of labor which have been impulses, Dewey and Lewis in­ abridged by war-time controls ... evitably come to occupy the same must be restored intact. . . ." This fundamental Hooverite position. is obviously a blow aimed at the The "free enterprise" theme­ whole body of war-time regulation the theme of a finance capital un­ that has developed by the collabor­ trammeled by any powerful central ation between New Deal adminis­ and liberal regulation-is paral­ trators and the labor movement. leled in Dewey's public declara­ To wreck these controls would be tions by the equally reactionary to sharpen relations between labor concept of states' rights, so sharply and management in the period of put by him in his address to the the war and thus to harm the war regional meeting of the Council of effort. State Governors, in New York, Dewey's assault on trade union­ April 9. It was in this speech that ism as such is hardly less subtle. Dewey developed full-blown the In the same speech he said: "For theory that the principal enemy of the time being labor unions are our liberties is the Federal govern­ finding their whole purpose vir­ ment and that the main task be­ tually regulated out of existence." fore the people is io restore popu­ This is a fine weapon against C.I.O. lar sovereiglity to the various states. and A. F. of L. unions seeking to It was in this speech that he de­ organize the unorganized, espe­ clared that this was not only a fu­ cially in the war industries. If la­ ture problem, but a question of "the bor unions have no functions, em­ most efficient way to win the war." ployers may well argue, quoting "Shall we permit the continu­ Governor Dewey as their authority, ance of the totalitarian trend in our why should any worker vote for a own country?" he asked rhetori­ union and pay dues to a union? cally. Implying clearly that the More basic, perhaps, is Dewey's Roosevelt war government, leading crafty attempt to hitch trade union­ a nation fighting for its life, was ism to the Hoover ''free economy'' removed from the people, he asked, wagon. Under the concept ad­ "whether we shall again bring gov­ vanced by Dewey, a free trade ernment close to the people. Shall union movement can exist only in they make their own decisions as the N.A.M.-blessed utopia of "free robust, clear-thinking free men or enterprise," where only an insig­ shall they abandon their rights to nificant minimum of public works . an aggressive oligarchy at the seat exist and such enterprises as state of national government?" 466 THOMAS E. DEWEY Obviously this is the old Hoover­ centrate attention on slogans like Landon line, so dear to the hearts "economy," "efficiency," "stream­ of the G.O.P. Old Guard. Its prac­ lining," "clearing out the cobwebs," tical domestic significance, of and has begun a series of investiga­ course, is its affinity to the political tions of workmen!s compensation philosophy af the Bourbon .South­ and the state's mental hygiene in­ ern Democrats (as well as the stitutions. He prides himself on Northern Farley Democrats). Its his . "business-like" approach to sinister meaning for the war, with state fiscal matters and thumps the the iron necessity for strong cen­ tub on his prudence in the antici­ tralized administration, is self-evi­ pated surplus of $70,000,000-most dent. of it a heritage from Lehman ad­ ministrations. In making appoint­ • • • ments he has publicly stressed the Briefly, then, it can be said that necessity for "clean" men and has Deweyism is Hooverism. But it had state police investigate would­ would be a mistake to imagine be offi'ceholders. Undoubtedly he that Dewey's policy is the clear, created some animosities in the Re­ crass, naked Hooverism of yore. publican organization by making Dewey is highly conscious of the personal appointments without re­ powerful New Deal sentiment in gard for the county machine lead­ New York State, the nearly half­ ers. However, he is by no means million voters who support the the reformer in these matters that American Labor Party and the some might believe. While un­ Communist Party, the strong trade doubtedly appointing technically union movement, the prestige of his competent men to the higher of­ fellow New Yorkers, Franklin Del­ fices-and men whose loyalty is first ano Roosevelt and Wendell Willkie, of all to Boss Dewey rather than to and the influence exerted in his the G.O;P. as such-he is a cold ma­ own party by the ideas of. Willkie. chine man in respect to the lesser That accounts for a certain slippery offices which he is filling with party evasiveness in respect to large so­ wheel-horses, even "creating" jobs cial questions, and an emphasis on for some G.O.P. hacks. apparently structural questions Experience with New York's pro­ which conceal fundamental social gressive electorate has tempered the problems. Thus, for example, Dew­ fundamentally Hooverite policy of ey .poses the theory of states' rights Dewey with considerable caution. It versus over-centralization, when in must be recorded that of the 3, 732 fact he means to pose the question bills and resolutions introduced in­ of the unshackled rule of reaction­ to the Dewey-dominated State Leg­ ary monopoly capital versus the islature, virtually none could be policies of a liberal capitalist Wash­ construed as directly anti-labor, in ington administration. sharp contrast with the raft of anti­ In his administrative activities as. labor bills introduced in the Cali­ Governor, Dewey has sought to con- fornia and Ohio state legislatures, THOMAS E. DEWEY 467 also Republican-controlled. On the pointment and there is understood contrary, Dewey and his advisers to be contact between the Right­ thought it better to make certain wing American Labor Party leader­ concessions to the organized labor ship and the Dewey forces. The movement, e.g., a $2,500,000 appro­ appointment of I.L.G.W.U. Presi­ priation for child care centers, a dent David Dubinsky to a commit­ raise for civil service wage-earners, tee by Dewey a week after election etc. day is, of course, not without its Such attacks on social legislation significance. that have been made were of the Most of the Dewey program leg­ tricky, chiseling, flank-attack sort. islation enacted, with the exception Such, for example, was the passage of the child care and the wage raise of the Hampton Housing Redevel­ bills, was primarily structural in opment Bill, which granted huge character: changes in the income tax concessions to insurance com­ tax law, reapportionment, etc. panies to enter into the private Anti-discrimination legislation, with housing field, and the failure to the exception of one bill, was bur­ enact a $35,000,000 public housing ied, and George Burrows, a Missis­ bill. sippi Negro worker, was sent back A move interpreted by all or­ to Mississippi lynch justice despite ganized labor as hostile was the vigorous demands from progressive invitation to Rickenbacker to ad­ trade union and Negro circles that dress a joint session of the Legis­ Dewey refuse to sign extradition lature on Washington's Birthday. papers. The protests had the by­ The aroused labor movement com­ product, however, of winning the pelled the Democratic minority to green light for unanimous passage attack Rickenbacker and forced the of a resolution memorializing Con­ Repubican majority to disassociate gress to pass H.R. 7, Representative itself from Rickenbacker's position. Vito Marcantonio's anti-poll tax Dewey himself felt it convenient to bill. With a careful eye on the leave Albany prior to the cere­ record, Dewey had the Legislature monies. adopt a watery resolution support­ If Dewey and the Republican ad­ ing "an international organization ministration had planned- to intro­ of all nations" and a resolution duce anti-labor legislation, they greeting the Red Army on its 25th quickly disabused themselves of anniversary. such notions after labor's hot re­ The notorious Rapp-Coudert ception to Rickenbacker. On the Committee, allegedly investigating contrary, there is reason to believe subversive activities in the schools that Dewey is seeking to cultivate and headed by a legal representa­ certain sections of labor by means tive of the Vichy regime, State more concrete than political philos­ Senator Frederic R. Coudert, Jr., ophy. The President of the Roches­ was continued by the Dewey-con­ ter Central Trades Council, A. F. of trolled Legislature and given an ad­ L., was given an important ap- ditional $115,000. Here there was 468 THOMAS E. DEWEY no confiict between the Legislature ciated the lack of any hostile or and the executive, as was true in anti-labor legislation." (Statement previous years. Dewey had the issued March 27, 1943.) power to kill the committee. He ap­ These are obviously short-term parently preferred not to, thus in­ judgments. Time and more careful dicating his political agreement scrutiny will undoubtedly disclose with the policies and methods of to wide sections of labor the funda­ a committee whose activities paral­ mental Hooverite content under the lel that of the un-American Dies "progressive" protective coloration Committee. of Deweyism. There will be re­ vealed an agile representative of * * * those forces in the nation, and es­ pecially of the reactionary wing of It cannot yet be said that organ­ the Republican Party, who oppose ized labor in New York or nation­ the policies upon which our coun­ ally has made a rounded-out esti­ try's fate and future security de­ mate of Mr. Dewey. President pend: a coalition war of the United Daniel Tobin of the Teamsters States, Great Britain and the So­ Union in a recent issue of his union viet Union and the invasion of Eu­ Journal incorrectly bracketed Dew­ rope while Hitler is reeling under ey as a "progressive" Republican the powerful blows struck by the along with Governors Stassen and Red Army on the Eastern Front; Saltonstall. In New York, State the unity and the collaboration of Federation of Labor President the United States, the Soviet Union, Thomas J. Lyons and Secretary­ Great Britain and China to win the Treasurer E. W. Edwards were war to destroy Nazism-fascism, and more cautious, declaring at the end to guarantee a just and dur­ of the session that they "appre- able peace. UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE

BY MAX STEINBERG

HE New York press of Febru- it is clear that labor must assume T ary 8, 1943, carried a news item ever greater responsibility in the announcing the formation of an present war situation and must ex­ "American Labor Conference on In- ert due influence in the coming ternational Affiairs" with William peace. But those who anticipate Green, President of the A. F. of L., constructive efforts on the part of as chairman; David Dubinsky, this newly formed "Labor Confer­ President of the International La- ence" are bound to be bitterly dis­ dies Garment Workers, as Vice- appointed. For, behind the forma­ Chairman; and a membership in- tion of this new organization lies eluding other leaders of the A. F. a sinister intrigue, aimed at dis­ of L., C.I.O. and Railway Brother- rupting the unity of the labor move­ hoods, as well as a number of ment, both here and on a United American and European intellec- Nations scale. tuals. According to the press an- The tremendous offensive of the nouncement, the purpose of this Red Army on the Eastern Front, "Labor Conference," will be to for- the Casablanca Conference, the mulate policies on which American prospects for an early opening of and European labor can agree. The the Second Front, with its promise news item explained that the new of victory, have brought consterna­ organization would seek to draw tion into the camp of the defeatist in additional American experts- and anti-Soviet elements. A re­ European scholars and labor "rep- newed anti-Soviet drive, to a great resentatives" of the occupied coun- extent inspired by the intelligence tries now residing in the United department of the Nazi government States. through its secret agents, is devel- The newly founded group was oping in our country on a scale undoubtedly accepted casually .by that reminds one of the anti-Soviet the general public as one of the in- hysteria of 1939-40. Its main pur­ numerable committees for post-war pose is to weaken and disrupt the studies. Many people, unacquainted unity of the United Nations and with the problems of the interna- weaken the possibilities of an early tiona! labor movement, may even victory over Hitler. have greeted the formation of such To defeat this plot aimed at dis­ a conference as very timely, since uniting the forces of the United Na- 469

at- evolve evolve and and problems problems post-war post-war are are effort effort war war the the in in unity unity tional tional

and and war war study study to to scholars scholars pean pean interna­ and and national national complete complete for for

Euro­

and and

American American with with and and ica ica stand stand that that organizations organizations All All shell. shell.

Amer­ of of States States United United the the in in siding siding

nut­ a a

meat meat the the have have

we we

Here Here in in

re­ movement movement labor labor European European the the of of

view." view." of of

representatives representatives with with cooperate cooperate will will

point point democratic democratic liberating liberating the the from from

States States United United the the in in labor labor organized organized

proceeding proceeding

future future the the for for

plans plans

out out

of of spokesmen spokesmen recognized recognized it it "In "In

work work to to and and problems problems international international

the the study study to to aim aim the the has has organzation organzation stated: stated: Green Green conference, conference, this this

this this because because movement, movement, labor labor the the of of formation formation the the announcing announcing In In

of of wing wing dictator dictator anti-democratic anti-democratic the the nation. nation. our our to to and and

to to belong belong who who "people "people ganization ganization movement movement labor labor American American the the to to

or­ the the into into admitting admitting against against self self danger danger serious serious a a presents presents contrary, contrary,

him­ declared declared He He movement." movement." labor labor the the on on but, but, hour, hour, the the of of need need the the

democratic democratic European European and and American American answer answer to to fails fails only only not not It It Hitler. Hitler.

the the in in represented represented trends trends ideological ideological over over victory victory speedy speedy a a guarantee guarantee f~ f~

important important most most the the of of all all braces braces no no carries carries conference conference The The tions. tions.

em­ that that one one but but tendency, tendency, definite definite Na­ United United the the of of program program war war the the

one one of of organization organization an an nor nor party, party, of of strengthening strengthening the the to to nor nor l<>bor, l<>bor,

a a of of organization' organization' 'front 'front a a be be to to seek seek of of unification unification the the to to neither neither lead lead

not not does does that that organization, organization, new new the the will will Affairs" Affairs" International International on on ence ence

of of composition composition Confer­ varied varied Labor Labor "the "the of of "American "American spoke spoke the the But But

15, 15, February February on on Nations. Nations. United United Forward Forward Daily Daily

Soviet-hating Soviet-hating the the in in article article the the Jewish Jewish of of movements movements labor labor the the of of

an an in in organization, organization, new new the the of of er er body body unified unified a a establish establish to to unions, unions,

lead­ top top a a Abramowitch, Abramowitch, Raphael Raphael trade trade American American Latin Latin and and Sov:et Sov:et

countries. countries. the the Congress, Congress, Union Union Trade Trade British British

European European the the from from disconnected disconnected the the by by months months eight eight past past the the during during

emigres emigres made made anti-unity anti-unity been been has has and and that that effort effort anti-Soviet anti-Soviet the the from from

be be will will "representatives" "representatives" European European seen seen be be can can action action labor labor unified unified

so-called so-called these these Rather, Rather, Mussolini. Mussolini. such such for for need need vital vital The The peace. peace.

and and Hitler Hitler against against unitedly unitedly gling gling people's people's a a and and cooperation cooperation post-war post-war

strug­ are are unions unions trade trade Communist Communist international international guarantee guarantee problems, problems, to to

and and Socialist Socialist where where etc., etc., Poland, Poland, post-war post-war and and war war the the on on policy policy

Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia, Italy, Italy, clear-cut clear-cut a a out out France, France, of of ment ment hammering hammering ward ward

move­ underground underground united united the the by by to­ contribution contribution real real a a make make could could

authorized authorized women women and and men men be be not not movements, movements, underground underground European European

will will movement" movement" labor labor European European the the of of representatives representatives authorized authorized

the the of of with with representatives representatives "the "the collaboration collaboration in in that that movement, movement,

clear clear labor labor becomes becomes it it the the of of committee, committee, the the on on representatives representatives of of

already already are are who who committee committee those those by by genuine genuine A A Judging Judging imperative. imperative.

is is movements movements union union trade trade Soviet Soviet

and and British British American, American, of of t:nity t:nity agree." agree." can can movements movements bor bor

the the and and States States United United the the in in bor bor la­ European European free free and and American American

the the which which on on them them toward toward titudes titudes la­ all all of of unity unity complete complete the the tions, tions,

MANTLE MANTLE "SOCIALIST" "SOCIALIST" A A UNDER UNDER 470 470 UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE 471 "'front organizations' of a party," the aspirations of the peoples of all those who work for full coopera­ America and Europe for a people's tion between the Soviet Union, peace. The anti-Soviet Alter-Ehr­ Great Britain and the United States lich hysteria was but one example in the post-war period are "anti­ of this. democratic dictator" forces; while An analysis of the composition all labor-splitting and anti-Soviet of this committee will tell without elements become the "liberating need for speculation what attitudes democratic" wing! it will evolve. This committee, while organized Who, in addition to the win-the­ with the participation of such pro­ war facade of Messrs, Green, Har­ war labor leaders as William Green, rison, Golden, and Lyons, are the George M. Harrison of the Brother­ leading lights of organized labor on hood of Railway and Steamship this committee? Who are the rep­ Clerks, and Clinton S. Golden of the resentatives of the European labor C.I.O., was actually conceived and movement? Who are the scholars? planned by the clique of profes­ They ·are, in the main, anti-Soviet sional anti-Soviet conspirators of emigres in America; they are reac­ the Jewish Daily Forward which tionary Soviet-baiters within the dominates the Social-Democratic American labor movement; they are Federation, the Workmen's Circle, vicious anti-Soviet and Trotskyite several trade unions, the Jewish intellectuals; they are the die-hard Labor Committee, and the New false-Socialists and Red-baiters of Leader. The real aim of this be­ the Social-Democratic clique, the hind-the-scenes clique is to create motive power behind this commit­ a political .center for conspiracy tee. against any effort at the unification Among the intellectuals on the "of labor in America and interna­ committee are: tionally. This committee is to be­ Professor John Dewey, head of come an instrument for collab­ the committee that sought vainly to orating with the Munichmen in whitewash Trotsky. America in their efforts to disrupt Harry Gideonse, President of the Anglo-Soviet-American Alli­ Brooklyn College, notorious for his ance and to prevent a full victory activities in connection with the in­ of the United Nations. famous Rapp-Coudert Committee. By building up the committee, Sidney Hook, a discredited Trot­ this clique attempts to trap some skyite, anti-Marxist "theoretician" well-meaning labor leaders. It sets and arch-enemy of sOcialism and out to establish a conspiratorial cen­ the Soviet Union. ter of the most dangerous nature, Algernon Lee, member of the and, with the help of those labor leading committee of the Social­ leaders, to ensnare the American Democratic Federation, irreconcil­ labor movement and make it a force able enemy of tha Soviet Union, for the disruption of the war effort and Red-baiter of the most rabid now, and an instrument in defeating type. 472 UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MAJ\'TLE William Bohn, editor of the Soviet-Finnish war Mr. Dubinsky pseudo-Socialist Social-Democratic rushed to organize a committee to sheet, the New Leader. help Mannerheim-Finland, now Harry Laidler, a close associate openly the ally of Hitler. Ever of the defeatist Norman Thomas. since the Soviet Union was invaded Friedrich Stampfer, a German he has missed no opportunity to at­ Social-Democratic emigre of the tack the Soviet Union and to Red­ Noske type, who has a record as an bait every movement in the United irreconcilable foe of unity of the States in support of the Red A:rmy trade union and working class po­ and the Soviet Union. When Rus­ litical movement in the pre-Hitler sian War Relief was organized and days, and who has continued his Mr. Dubinsky was asked to partici­ anti-Soviet attacks and activities pate in its work, he rushed to the since he has been in this coun­ press, denouncing the organization try. as a "Communist Front." His sub­ Raphael A:bramowitch, emigre sequent gestures of support to Rus­ Menshevik, a leading member of the sian War Relief, to which he was Second International and an active impelled by the pro-Soviet senti­ counter-revolutionary for the past ment of the workers, proved but a twenty-five years, is the so-called maneuver. theoretician of the anti-Soviet So­ Mr. Dubinsky flirted with the de­ cial-Democratic group. A:bramo­ featist John L. Lewis when the witch, immediately after the birth latter conspired with William of the Soviet State, became a cen­ Hutcheson and Matthew Woll to tral figure in counter-revolutionary put over an abortive unity move to activities and has ceaselessly maneuver this clique into the lead­ worked for the overthrow of the ership of the American labor move­ Soviet Government. ment, to turn it from its course of full support for the war and the "' • * policy of President Roosevelt. And who are some of the Ameri­ Together with Mr. Dubinsky on can labor leaders in the "American the roster of names is his vice­ Labor Conference on International president and stooge, Luigi Anto­ Affairs"? nini, who rules over the Italian The vice-chairman of the commit­ dressmakers' local, the Italian­ tee is David Dubinsky, he to whom American Labor Committee, and is the newspapers of William Ran­ a leading light in the New York dolph Hearst, the noto;rious labor­ American Labor Party. Antonini baiting Lord of San Simeon. a man was the chief organizer of the after Hitler's OWn heart, devoted frame-up hysteria directed at the pages of praise in a series of ar­ Communist Party and the Soviet ticles in 1939. Union in connection with the killing Mr. Dubinsky's position and ac­ of Carlo Tresca. tivities on the basic issues of the This was a deliberately planned war are illuminating. During the campaign to wreck the growing UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE 473 movement among all the Italian­ ica; and to prevent a solid national American groups in support of the front, against the appeaser, defeat­ unity movement of Socialists, Com­ ist, pro-Hitler forces in America. munists and liberals in Italy. Mr. There are thousands of workers Antonini carries through the poli­ with a Social-Democratic back­ cies of his boss, Mr. Dubinsky, of ground to whom this top group re­ Red-baiting, disruption, and anti­ fers as their followers. These So­ Soviet ~ctiviiies which lead to anti­ cial-Democratic workiers, together war activities, irrespective of his with the Communists and their fol­ professed support of the war. lowers and all other class-conscious, Another of the labor members on advance::! trade unionists, constitute the committee is Matthew Woll, an advance section of the Ameri­ Vice-President of the A. F. of L., can labor movement. These trade formerly a member of the anti­ unionists of all political shadings labor Civic Federation, a collabora­ are true American patriots. They tor of Ralph Easley, famous for his are anti-fascist. They are for all­ activities in labor spying. Mat­ out and concentrated war effort. thew W oll is one of the most re­ They stand behind the President actionary anti-New Dealers on the &nd his war program. They are all Executive Council of the A. F. of true friends and admirers of the L., a Red-baiter of the worst kind, Soviet Union. a collaborator of Mr. Hamilton Fish. They are eager to see close col­ The real driving force behind this laboration among the United States, committee is the Social-Democratic Great Britain and the Soviet Union Federation, which is dominated by a now in the war against Hitler and small Jewish Daily Forward clique. after victory is achieved. They A handful of vicious anti-Soviet fully agree with the general policies Red-baiters with an insignificant of Philip Murray and William number of rank-and-file members, Green in their support of the Presi­ this clique is headed by Abraham dent and his war program. They Cahan, Hillel Rogoff, N. Chanin, are for labor unity and for the David Dubinsky and Raphael unity of the American, British and • Abramowitch. Their strategic posi­ Soviet trade unions. While this is tions enable them to impose their the thinking and sentiment of all policies on labor bodies and on peo­ trade unionists, Social-Democratic ple's organizations and to speak in workers included, the small group the name of the workers of these c.f Social-Democratic die-hards on organizations, to terrorize leaders of top are carrying through an ex­ the American trade union move­ actly opposite policy. Proof of this ment and of other sections of the population. In this way they have is the fact that in most cases the been able to hold back the develop­ leadership did not dare bring its ment toward unity of American Alter-Ehrlich anti-Soviet campaign labor; to block the unity movement to the membership of the I.L.G. among the Jewish people of Amer- W.U. locals, and where it did it met 474 UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE with strong resistance on the part bor and Socialist movement, this of the membership. man has been on the side of the This clique is consistently anti­ anti-people's reactionary and coun­ Soviet, to the detriment of our ter-revolutionary forces. At every American national interests. They tum of history, he has not failed to are opposed to labor unity for fear be recorded on the debit side of· that this would consolidate labor as progress. the spearhead of national unity be­ Hillel Rogoff, managing editor of hind the President's war program, the Jewish Daily Forward, is a petty including .the Roosevelt-Molotov careerist and a renegade. A weak, Agreement and the decision of the unprincipled man who hesitated for Casablanca Conference for opening years on his attitude toward the the Second Front. They are op­ Soviet Union, shifting from one po­ posed to international labor unity, sition to. another, undecided on the fearing a powerful international la­ location of the bandwagon-the bor alliance with the Soviet trade pro-Soviet or anti-Soviet side. Thus, unions included. in 1922 it appeared to him that he With their new committee, this stood to gain more by coming over clique seeks to extend its disruptive to the pro-Soviet forces. He joined activities on a permanent national M. J. Olgin and Louis Engdahl, in and international scale to prevent the second split within the Social­ the people from expressing them­ ist Party, and together with them selves now and to check the people joined the Workers Party. Within of the European countries when the a few weeks, however, before com­ time comes for them to decide on mitting himself too much, he found their way of life after the war. his way back to the Forward camp. This is the true meaning and pur­ Since then he has continued as Red­ pose of the "American La'bor Con­ baiter, reactionary and isolationist. ference on International Affairs." Although Messrs. Cahan and Rogoff are not members of the new organi­ • * • zation, their spirit and counsel For further evidence of the true carry much weight behind the motives of the Social-Democratic scenes. Federation in planning this new or­ Chanin is the most brazenly out­ ganization, let us look into the ac­ spoken of these Soviet-baiters. He tivities of Albe Cahan, Rogoff and became secretary of the Jewish So­ Chanin, the infamous anti-Soviet cialist Federation after the second trio in the so-called Socialist move­ split in the Socialist Party. Chanin ment. is the organization man of this Abe Cahan, editor-in-chief of the clique. He whips into line every­ Jewish Daily Forward, is the father one' who deviates in the slightest of Hearstian yellow gutter-journal­ from the policies of the clique. ism in the American-Jewish news­ Should any official of a trade unioa paper and literary world. At every or other O!'ganization become fav­ critical period in the American la- orably inclined toward the Soviet UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE 475 Union and toward unity within the war that Russia waged nearly a American labor movement, Mr. century ago against Turkey. Now Chanin will make sure that such too, the war will be won, not by an official is either "clarified" or Stalin, not by the Soviet regime, but kicked out. In 1929 Chanin issued by the Russian people. The war against Hitler will ~ won by an appeal for funds in the name America and England, the two free of the "Auxiliary Committee of the countries. The last shot has not yet Social-Democratic Labor Party and been fired; it is yet to be fired, and Bund in Russia," which read in the final shot will come from free part: America-and from this last shot the Stalin regme will be shot to "You know of the difficult strug­ pieces." gle our comrades carry on in Rus­ sia against Bolshevism . . . Just What is this but the fomenting now, when the Communist dicta­ of counter - revolutionary plots torship experiences a crisis . . . it against America's most powerful is particularly important that the and most dependable ally? And secret Social-Democratic cells now this, at a time when the Soviet at work in Russia should not cease, Union, its people, its Red Army, and but should grow stronger and strike its leadership, by their heroism, en­ deeper roots.... " durance, courage and self-sacrifice Chanin concerns himself not are inspiring the whole human race only with anti-Soviet disruptive in its desperate fight against en­ activities in America, but, as his slavement! writings indicate, with counter­ Imagine this Chanin in the So­ revolutionary forces abroad. viet Union, attempting to develop In the Friend, official organ of the activities along the lines of his writ­ Workmen's Circle, Chanin con­ ings and speeches, then change his tributes a regular feature, "Letter name to Alter or Ehrlich, and you to a Friend," whom he addresses will understand the treason for as "Chaim." However, when one which the Quisling friends of Chan­ reads the letter to "Chaim" in the in were executed. This is Mr. Friend for January, 1942, questions Chanin, one of the clique controlling begin to rise in one's mind about the Jewish Daily Forward and the the character and activities of this Jewish Labor Committee. His are supposedly fictitious man (or men?) the policies that will dominate the "Chaim" and about the advice given "American Labor Conference on him. We read in that letter: International Affairs." "Do you remember what history * * * recounts of Napoleon's march on During the past three and a half Russia? At that time the Czar, who years the Jewish Labor Committee held the Russian people in slavery, has been very active in collecting ruled. And yet their heroism broke Napoleon's might, not only on the funds to bring Social-Democratic, Russian front, but in all of Europe. Socialist-Revolutionary and Polish­ The same thing happened in the Jewish Social-Democratic Bundist 476 UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE political refugees from abroad. The with Luke Myshuha in the office of job of these "refugees" here is to the notorious Nazi-minded Ukrain­ help in the Red-baiting anti-Soviet ian newspaper, Svoboda. Myshuha propaganda, to bolster up anti-So­ has for a number of years main­ viet feeling among the Social­ tained ties with Axis agents and Democratic workers who are turn­ in 1939 delivered a speech in Ger­ ing with ever greater sympathy and many over the Nazi radio network. solidarity toward the Soviet Union. Whea he came to settle in the Raphael Abramowitch is one of United States, Chernow immedi­ these political refugees. Victor ately plunged into activity in com­ Cheruow is another. Chernow is pany with the same camp of sepa­ a Russian counter-revolutionary ratists and anti-Semites with whom emigre, who, according to the anti­ he had been connected in the past. Nazi publication, The Hour, has In December, 1941, an organization been in close touch with Ukrain­ called the "Committee for the Pro­ ian fascists in America. This Mr. motion of Democracy" was formed. Chernow, in the early days of the Among the individuals connected October Revolution, formed in with the committee were Nikifor Prague a "League of Peoples of Grigorieff, Victor Chernow, and F. Eastern Europe" which embraced J. Bogocius. Bogocius was asso­ all separatists hostile to the new ciated with a pro-Nazi Lithuanian­ Russia and agitators clamoring for language publication Kelievis, the dismemberment of the Soviet which refers in its headlines to Union. He also organized at that Jews as "stinking kikes." time the so-called "Union of Social­ The Hour, for December 13, 1941, ist-Revolutionaries." The main ac­ published an expose of this so­ tivity of that organization consisted called Committee for the Promotion of collaborating with separatists of of Democracy. Instantly the gen­ all kinds, with the aim of dismem­ tlemen of the Social-Democratic bering the Soviet Union. Federation, the Jewish Labor Com­ For a number of years Chernow mittee, and the New Leader was closely associated in Europe launched an attack on the editor of with Nikifor Grigorieff, Ukrainian The Hour as a "Communist Front­ anti-Semitic propagandist. In 1928 er," thereby attempting to "cover Chernow took part with Grigorieff up" for Chernow, Grigorieff and in a conference held in Prague to Co. Similar attacks on The "Hour discuss "the question" of neutral appeared in fascist-minded publi­ relationship among the peoples of cations, like Kelievis and the Eastern Europe. The conference Brooklyn Tablet. In January, 1942, was anti-Soviet in its purposes; but the gentlemen of the Jewish Labor it masqueraded under the banner Committee called a special lunch­ of "liberation" of various Soviet eon which was attended by William Republics. Bohn, editor of, and Alfred Baker On one of his trips to the United Lewis, contributor to, the New States Chernow established contact Leader; Emil Schlesinger, counsel UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE 477 for the Jewish Labor Committee, with trying to build up the prestige and for Mr. Dubinsky and the of the Soviet trade unions and the I.L.G.W.U.; Isaiah Minkoff, Social­ Communists in the American trade Democratic director of the General union ·movement. He was told they Jewish Council; Charles Sherman, would exert all effoms to make sure then secretary of the Jewish Labor that his mission was a failure. This Committee; Adolph Held, chairman they achieved. The Social-Demo­ O(f the Jewish Labor Committee; crat Dubinsky, in league with Mat­ and Frank Trager, Trotskyite func­ thew Woll and Hutcheson of the tionary of the American Jewish A. F. of L. Executive Council, de­ Committee; and a few other indi­ feated the Citrine proposal for viduals. unity, to the great detriment of This luncheon was held to discuss world labor. And to achieve the the expose in The Hour and to de­ same disruptive anti-unity aims on cide upon action against the publi­ a national and world scale is the cation. Subsequently the chiefs of objective of this new organization. the Jewish Labor Committee helped These people play the same dis­ Chernow and Grigorieff to file libel ruptive role in American Jewish suits against The Hour. life. This is but one instance of the The Jewish masses in America politically shady activities of the are deeply moved by the plight of Jewish Labor Committee and the the Jews in occupied Europe. They Social-Democratic Federation. And cherish the Red Army and the So­ if one wonders how it is possible viet Union as the liberator and pro­ for tw'l Jews and "Socialists" like tector of races and peopl_es. As Henryk Ehrlich and Victor Alter to Jews, as American :platriots con­ conspire and work against the So­ cerned with the fate of our own viet Union in the interests of Hit­ nation, all circles of American Jew­ ler-Germany, we need .but take a ish life are moving toward unity good look at the activities of their within the Jewish community and prototypes in the U.S.A. are among the staunchest supporters While importing, encouraging and of national unity in America. The protecting elements that work for diehard Social-Democrats, how­ unity among anti-'Soviet and even ever, attack every effort toward fascist groups, this clique is a bit­ unity. Their hearts are pamicularly ter foe of unity of the international heavy at the thought of victory over l~bor movement. When Sir WaLter the Axis, with the Soviet Union Citrine came to America last year in a leading role. A Second Front to negotiate for the unity of the in Europe now, which would realize American, British and Soviet trade fully the fighting coalition of the unions, it was this Social-Demo­ United States, ,the Soviet Union and cratic group that called a special Britain, does not at all fit in with conclave of picked diehard leaders. their hopes and plans for the iso­ At that gathering they took Citrine lation of the Soviet Union. Hence severely to task. He was charged their renewed anti-:-Soviet drive, eo- 478 UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE inciding with the "Bolshevik-men­ who remain unmoved by the world ace" campaign resumed by Hitler, catastrophe, by human tragedy, by and developed in the United States courage and sacrifice. They re­ by the defeatists and appeasers. main the same counter-revolution­ A speedy conclusion of the war ary, anti-Soviet interventionist does not correspond with the plans wrecking force, the same die-hard of the Social-Democratic elements. disrupters of the unity of the work­ Their idea is to have a long-drawn­ ing. class and the nation as those out war with the hope that the So­ who paved the way for Hitlerism. viet people will be worn out by the On June 21, 1942, Abramowitch protracted warfare. They base their wrote a series of articles i~ the strategy on the hopes that a drawn­ Jewish Daily Forward polemizing out war may develop disagreements, against certain British Socialists. friction and hostilities among the He took issue with the prominent United Nations, and a coalition and British Socialist G. D. H. Cole, who armed intervention against the So­ had stated that "the European So­ viet Union. This is the objective cialists dare not permit the differ­ for which they have been working ences with Communists on matters since the birth of the Soviet Union. of principle to become a ibasis :tor This is the "Socia~ist" dream of deep antagonisms" and to block col­ Chanin, Rogoff, Cahan, Abramo­ laboration of the European Social­ witch and Co. ist movements with the Soviet 'J:'hese plans and hopes, often in Union. Said Abramowitch: veiled forms, find expression in their speeches and writings. On "British Socialism is the only one of the big Socialist movements of July 6, 1942, Abramowitch wrote the pre-war period that has re­ in the Jewish Daily Forward, in mained a living mass power in a an article entitled "A Long War democratic state. All other big la­ or a Short One?": bor parties in Europe have disap­ peared in the war-all except those "The only chance for the democ­ in Sweden and Switzerland, which racies to win the war and not to be are small countries." defeated is to bring about a situa­ tion of prolonged war. This means In the Jewish Daily Forward of that the only correct tactic of the June 28, 1942, Abramowitch took unprepared democracies first and foremost is to win time." issue with another British Socialist, Harold Laski, who had written: Here we have Hoover under a .. Socialist" mantle! But Abramo­ "No single report at the Confer­ ence [of the British Labor Party] witch was in advance of Hoover. evoked such tremendous applaWM! He proposed this defeatist wait­ as the information about the inten­ and-delay policy actually ahead of tion of the Executive Committee to Hoover. request the Soviet Government to Quite clearly, we are dealing here receive a Socialist delegation with with a group of Social-Democrats the object of reaching a full under- UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE 479 standing between the Russian and world anti-Soviet center. This or­ British Labor movement. ganization is the spearhead of a "This enthusiasm not onl.v ex­ planned campaign of slander and pressed a recognition of the vilification against the Soviet achievements of the heroic Soviet Union, exactly when the American Army, it also expressed the real­ people have come to feel close ties ization that the two most important Socialist movements of the world of comradeship with the Soviet must reach a full agreement as a Union. pre-condition for a future peace." The anti-Soviet drive around the Tresca murder case, the campaign This position is, needless to say, of slander and provocation that unacceptable to Mr. A:bramowitch, took as its pretext the execution of and he protests against it vehement­ Alter and Ehrlich-these are but ly. branding it as detrimental, un­ part of the diabolical scheme that realistic and impossible. He at­ these conspirators are now concoct­ tempts to refute the arguments of ing to disrupt the relations of our the British Socialists for unity with country with our Soviet Ally. the Soviet Union. He repeats his This Social-Democratic clique is slanders against the Soviet Union attempting to unify all that is rotten as a "totalitarian" state with whom and vicious in American labor and "Socialists" have nothing in com­ intellectual circles and all the vi­ mon. cious elements that have been dis­ Abramowitch and his clique real­ credited in the eyes of labor and the ize that the old Socialist Second peoples of Europe, to create a po­ International as an anti-Soviet cen­ litical "labor" anti-unity, anti-So­ ter is falling to pieces, that the viet center. It wants to drag Amer­ European Social-Democratic move­ ican labor into its swamp of reac­ ments, the British Labor Party to­ tion and counter-revolution in the gether with three presidents of very midst of our nation's war for the Second International, having survival and for liberation, in fight­ learned from the bitter experiences ing coalition with our Soviet, Brit­ of the past period, are orientating ish and otha- Allies, of the whole on a policy of full collaboration world from fascist enslavement. with the Soviet Union. From this • • • policy Abramowitch and his col­ La'bor should be warned against leagues bitterly dissent. They are this spurious "American Labor Con­ therefore proceeding to set up. a ference," which is anti-American new political "international labor as it is anti-labor. Labor should center" in America designed to take be warned against making our over the dishonorable task of the country and our trade union move­ interventionists, wreckers and sabo­ ment the center for anti-Soviet in­ teurs of the good old days. trigue. The "American Labor Confer­ Those win-the-war labor lead­ ence on Internationail Affairs" is ers who are antagonistic toward nothing but an attempt to set up a Communists and Communi!flll should 480 UNDER A "SOCIALIST" MANTLE realize that, by associating and col­ allowing themselves to be drawn laborating with these anti-Soviet into the defeatist camp through this elements, they are playing into the pernicious anti-Soviet center. hands of the disrupters of our coun­ All true American trade union­ try's war efforts; that they are ists, loyal to labor and to the na­ weakening the unity of the United tion, are striving for the speediest Nations, and are endangering our realization of international labor victory. They should realize the solidarity with the trade unions of danger of permitting their anti­ Great Britain and the Soviet Union. Communist prejudices to draw them Unity of labor, nationally and in­ away from the logical course of ternationally, unity of the United national unity and united labor ac­ Nations, are the guarantee for vic­ tion for winning the war, and of tory and a just peace. ', Forthcoming "lnfernafional" Boolcs

THE PROBLEM OF INDIA By R. Palma Dutt The long -ewaited book by Britain's distinguished Marxist, generally re­ garded as. the most authoritative and co\"prehensive study of lndie today. The euthor, for over twenty yeers the editor of the British Labor Monthly, has cabled o hew introduction fo r the American edilioo, clarifying the problem of Hindu-Moslem unity in the light of India's struggle for national un i~y and independence in the interests of victory over the Axis. - Price ~1.50

SOCit)_LISM AND EH;fiCS By Prof. Howard Selsam

A ~ital study, by the -!!...thor of What Is Philosophy?, of man's ethics and moral judgments, the .,origins of human concepts of "right" end "wrong.'• and the social-li'istoric~>l roots nd r~rlationships. These Me traced through v~~r.ious stages of civili4afion- up to the mt>dern erl! of capit.,lism l!nd soGialism, showing the influence of the econ6mic systems of e~h upon their soci,J superstructures. Price $1.90

LABOR AND THF WAR Prepared by labor Research Association A handbook on labor problem's in connection with the wl!r, cont~>ini'lg " Veritl!ble' llfSenaf of Vl!iua~le information on productioll l!nd conditions in the basic war industries, manpo~er problem~ , wM economy, the Various Wl!r boards and coiT)ITlissions, tr~>de union or~nizati;;,rlt., labor relations and-labor legisl,tion, internatiopol labor unity, etc. PrepMed OS the sixth vow me in \ the Lahor Fact Book series, it is indexed for hll ndy reference. Price $1.25 I \

WORKERS LIBRARY ~UBLISHERS P. 0. Box r4s, Station D (832 Brqadwayj', New York; N. Y. ..,_ r

' ' t t

. . publishers the the by by

donated donated space space This This

• •

1943 1943 12, 12, .Aipril .Aipril

\ \

, , MORGENTHAU W. W. -HENRY -HENRY

I I

" " it. I I financing financing in in part part

a a have have to to ought ought people people the the of of all all war----so war----so people's people's a a is is "This "This

...... pressing pressing , , ur.gent real, real, is is need need The The : : needed is is

help help your your that that you you tell tell to to .. .. . here here . . after m m ~· day day the the and and morrow morrow

to­ roaring roaring be be will will that that guns guns big big for for today today shells shells buy buy must must We We

. . r wa of of ts ts implemen ~nd ~nd s s erial t ma the the buy buy to to month month his his t of of end end

r r . .

the the before before least least at at $13,000,000,000 $13,000,000,000 raise raise to to .. .. • Loan Loan War War Second Second

the the launching launching , , are we we why why is is That That ~ ~ other:_s other:_s follow. t~ t~ and and offensive offensive

to to military military great great this this for for pay pay available available .is .is money money that that to to seeing seeing it it

of of job job the the given given Tre~sury Tre~sury been been ve ve ' I the the As As ~ ' of of Secretat). Secretat). the the

' ' foundiStions. foundiStions.

blood-stained blood-stained rotten, rotten, its its to to Germany Germany Nazi Nazi rock rock will will that that you, you,

promise promise can can 1 1 blows, blows, be be they'll they'll and and ourselves; ourselves; blows blows few few a a deal deal to to

ready ready we're we're Now Now past. past. is is that that of of ready-all ready-all weren't weren't we we because because

thetn, thetn, returning returning withouf withouf blows blows take take lo lo hod hod we we wnen wnen time time bitter bitter

the the paration, paration, e pr potient potient the the planning, planning, e e Th now. now. attack: attack: thot thot for for

messing messing ore ore we we ' y. y. r histo in in attack attack greatest greatest the the of of thunder-clouds thunder-clouds

ova~ ova~ the the up up piling piling are are Nations Nations United United the the of of we we horizon, horizon, the the just just

that, that, w w kno all all We We secret. secret. military military no no ' is is Front Front Second Second "The "The

Front. Front. Second Second the the about about tolk tolk to to going going ''I'm ''I'm

I I

tc;» tc;» " " the the People" "All "All of of Appeal Appeal n n ' A

.I .I

o o I I