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1 Jamhuri Ya Muungano Wa Tanzania Bunge La Tanzania JAMHURI YA MUUNGANO WA TANZANIA BUNGE LA TANZANIA KAMATI YA BUNGE YA PAMOJA MAONI NA USHAURI WA KAMATI KUHUSU MUSWADA WA SHERIA YA MAMLAKA YA NCHI KUHUSIANA NA UMILIKI WA MALIASILI WA MWAKA 2017 [THE NATURAL WEALTH AND RESOURCES (PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY)] BILL, 2017 Ofisi ya Bunge S.L.P 941 Dodoma 03 Julai, 2017 1 MAONI NA USHAURI WA KAMATI KUHUSU MUSWADA WA SHERIA YA MAMLAKA YA NCHI KUHUSIANA NA UMILIKI WA MALIASILI WA MWAKA 2017 [THE NATURAL WEALTH AND RESOURCES (PERMANENT SOVEREIGNTY)] BILL, 2017 _______________________________ 1.0 UTANGULIZI: Mheshimiwa Spika, kwa mujibu wa Kanuni ya 7 (3) ya Nyongeza ya Nane ya Kanuni za Kudumu za Bunge, Toleo la Januari, 2016, Spika anayo mamlaka ya kuunda Kamati ya Pamoja itakayojumuisha Kamati za Bunge mbili au zaidi, kwa madhumuni ya kushughulikia jambo ambalo kwa busara zake ataona linahitaji kufanyiwa kazi na Kamati hizo husika. Kwa kuzingatia mamlaka hayo ya Kikanuni, Spika, aliunda Kamati ya pamoja iliyojumuisha Kamati za Bunge Nne zifuatazo: a) Kamati ya kudumu ya Bunge ya Nishati na Madini; b) Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ya Katiba na Sheria; c) Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ya Ardhi, Maliasili na Utalii; na d) Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ya Sheria Ndogo. Aidha, Kamati hiyo ilipewa jukumu la kuchambua, kutoa maoni na mapendekezo kuhusu Miswada miwili ya Sheria iliyowasilishwa Bungeni na Serikali, tarehe 29 Juni, 2017. Miswada hiyo ni: 2 a) Muswada wa Sheria ya Mamlaka ya Nchi Kuhusiana na Umiliki wa Maliasili wa Mwaka 2017 [The Natural Wealth And Resources (Permanent Sovereignty)] Bill, 2017; na b) Muswada wa Sheria ya Mamlaka ya Nchi Kuhusiana na Umiliki wa Maliasili wa Mwaka 2017 [Natural Wealth and Resource Contracts (Review and Re-negotiations of Unconscionable Terms) Bill 2017]. Mheshimiwa Spika, kwa mujibu wa Kanuni ya 86 (5) ya Kanuni za Kudumu za Bunge, Toleo la Januari 2016, naomba sasa kuwasilisha Maoni ya Kamati ya Bunge ya Pamoja, kuhusu Muswada wa Sheria ya Mamlaka ya Nchi Kuhusiana na Umiliki wa Maliasili wa Mwaka 2017 [The Natural Wealth And Resources (Permanent Sovereignty)] Bill, 2017. Mheshimiwa Spika, kwa mujibu wa Kanuni ya 84 (1) ya Kanuni za Kudumu za Bunge, Kamati ilipokea Muswada huu tarehe 29 Juni, 2017 na ilikutana kwa mara ya kwanza na Serikali, katika Ukumbi wa Pius Msekwa (Ofisi za Bunge), Dodoma mnamo tarehe 30 Juni, 2017 ili kupokea maelezo ya jumla kuhusu Muswada husika. Maelezo kuhusiana na Muswada huo yalitolewa na Waziri wa Katiba na Sheria, Mhe. Prof. Palamagamba J. A. M. Kabudi (Mb). 3 1.1 Maelezo ya Jumla ya Muswada Mheshimiwa Spika, kwa mujibu wa maelezo ya Serikali yaliyowasilishwa na Waziri wa Katiba na Sheria, Muswada huu unakusudia kufanya yafuatayo:- (a) Kutungwa kwa Sheria ambayo itaweka masharti yanayozingatia misingi iliyomo katika Mikataba na Itifaki mbalimbali za Kimataifa kuhusu Mamlaka ya Nchi katika Umiliki wa Maliasili, ambayo Tanzania imeziridhia; (b) Kutambua na kuzingatia haki ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania kama Taifa huru lenye mamlaka ya kusimamia na kutumia raslimali zake kwa maslahi ya Taifa; (c) Kutekeleza matakwa na masharti ya Ibara ya 27 ya Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano, kwa kuweka wajibu kwa kila Mtanzania wa kulinda kikamilifu raslimali za nchi, na kutangaza bayana kwamba, Watanzania ndio watakuwa na mamlaka ya kudumu katika umiliki wa maliasili za nchi na Serikali itakuwa ni msimamizi wa maliasili hizo kwa niaba ya Wananchi; na (d) Kupendekeza hatua zinazolenga kulinda mali na raslimali za Taifa na kuondoa aina yoyote ya upotevu au ubadhirifu wa raslimali za nchi kwa manufaa ya Watanzania. 4 1.2 Dhana na Maudhui kuhusu Umiliki wa Kudumu (Permanent Sovereignty) wa Maliasili na Rasilimali za Nchi Mheshimiwa Spika, naomba kuwasilisha mapitio ya dhana ya mamlaka ya nchi kuhusiana na umiliki wa maliasili na rasilimali zake (The Natural Wealth and Resources (permanent sovereignty) kwa lengo la kutoa uelewa wa jumla kwa Waheshimiwa Wabunge, ili waweze kuona mantiki ya Muswada huu unaopendekeza kutungwa kwa Sheria ya Mamlaka ya Nchi Kuhusiana na Umiliki wa Maliasili na Rasilimali. Chimbuko la dhana hii ni katika kipindi cha baada ya vita ya pili ya dunia, hususan mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1950, ambapo nchi nyingi duniani zilianza kupata uhuru kutoka kwa wakoloni waliozitawala, na hivyo zilihitaji kuwa na umuliki wa maliasili zake. Hatua hii ilitokana na ukweli kwamba, Wakoloni mbali na kuonesha utawala wa mabavu, walilenga pia kupora maliasili na rasilimali za nchi walizokuwa wakizitawala, ili kuyanufaisha kiuchumi Mataifa yao. Mheshimiwa Spika, ili kukomesha unyonyaji huo na kuhakikisha kuwa, maliasili na rasilimali za nchi husika zinalindwa kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya nchi hizo na ya vizazi vijavyo, Umoja wa Mataifa, uliazimia kupitisha maazimio kadhaa kwa lengo la kulinda raslimali za kila nchi. Miongoni mwa Maazimio hayo ni Azimio Namba 1803 (XVII) (UNGA Resolution 1803 (XVII)) lililopitishwa na 5 Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Mataifa (United Nations General Assembly) tarehe 14 Disemba, 1962. Azimio hilo limeweka masharti kuhusu umiliki wa kudumu wa maliasili na rasilimali za nchi, ili kulinda maslahi ya maendeleo ya nchi hizo na ustawi wa watu wake. Pia limeweka msingi kuhusu namna bora ya kuratibu na kusimamia wawekezaji wa kigeni (foreign investors) katika rasilimali hizo, ambapo pamoja na mambo mengine muhimu, Azimio hilo liliainisha kwamba, haki za wananchi wa kila taifa kuhusu umiliki wa kudumu wa rasilimali za nchi yao ni lazima zipatikane kwa kuzingatia maslahi ya maendeleo ya nchi na ustawi wa kila Mwananchi. Kwa ujumla, dhana inayosisitizwa kupitia Azimio hilo imejikita katika kuhakikisha kuwa, haki na wajibu wa kila taifa vinazingatiwa kwa mujibu wa Sheria za Kimataifa, pamoja usawa unaotambua mamlaka ya kila nchi (sovereign equality). 1.3 Msingi wa Kikatiba Mheshimiwa Mwenyekiti, maudhui ya Muswada huu yanalenga kuzingatia matakwa ya kisheria ambayo yanawekwa na Ibara ya 27 ya Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, ambayo inatoa wajibu kwa kila Mtanzania kulinda na kusimamia kikamilifu raslimali za umma kwa manufaa ya Taifa. 6 Ibaya ya 27 kupitia Ibara Ndogo ya (1) inatamka maneno yafuatayo, na hapa ninanukuu:- “ Kila mtu ana wajibu wa kulinda maliasilia ya Jamhuri ya Muungano, mali ya mamlaka ya nchi na mali yote inayomilikiwa kwa pamoja na Wananchi, na pia kuiheshimu mali ya mtu mwingine.” Kama sehemu ya kuzingatia masharti yanayowekwa na Katiba yetu ambayo ndiyo Sheria Mama, kila Mtanzania anapaswa kutambua kwamba, ni sehemu ya maamuzi ya hali ya baadae ya Taifa letu, hivyo basi anao wajibu wa kuhakikisha anatunza vizuri mali ya nchi, kupiga vita aina zote za ubadhilifu na kuwa makini katika usimamizi wa uchumi wa Taifa letu kwa manufaa ya vizazi vya sasa na vijavyo. 1.4 Uzoefu kutoka Nchi nyingine:- Mheshimiwa Spika, uzoefu unaonesha kuwa baadhi ya nchi zimezingatia kikamilifu masharti yanayotokana na Maazimio ya Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu kulinda raslimali za kila nchi. Nchi hizo zimeweka utaratibu mzuri wa kisheria ambao unaziwezesha kunufaika kikamilifu na uwekezaji wa mitaji ya moja kwa moja kutoka nje katika raslimali zake. Miongoni mwa faida ambazo nchi hizo zimepata ni pamoja na mgawanyo mzuri wa mapato yatokanayo na uwekezaji wa 7 moja kwa moja kutoka nje (foreign direct investment) katika raslimali zake, ajira kwa wananchi wake, na nguvu ya udhibiti wa kisheria kuhusiana na maamuzi ya usimamizi na udhibiti wa raslimali zake. Mfano wa nchi hizo ni Thailand ambayo kwa mujibu wa Sheria inayosimamia biashara za kigeni (Allien Business Law), umiliki wowote wa biashara na maliasili utakaofanywa na raia wa kigeni, mbali na kupata kibali cha Baraza la Mwaziri ni lazima uridhiwe na Bunge. Aidha Sheria ya umiliki wa majengo ya nchi hiyo (Land Code and Condominium Act) inaelekeza kwamba, kibali cha umiliki wa majengo kitakachotolewa na Serikali kwa Wageni kitahitaji kuidhinishwa na Bunge. Pia, nchi hiyo inalinda ajira kwa raia wake kwa kuzuia wageni kujishughulisha na baadhi ya shughuli ambazo zinaweza kutekelezwa na wazawa. Miongoni mwa shughuli hizo ni pamoja na viwanda vidogo vidogo, biashara ya rejareja, ujenzi wa hoteli, uwakala wa kitalii pamoja na biasahara ya kuuza maji. Katiba Bara la Afrika pia, zipo nchi ambazo zimeweza kupiga hatua kubwa ya maendeleo kutokana na mapato yanayotokana na uwekezaji katika maliasili na raslimali za nchi hizo. Miongoni mwa nchi hizo ni Botswana ambayo kutokana na usimamizi mzuri wa uchimbaji wa madini ya Almas, mwaka 2004 ilivuka kutoka kundi la nchi maskini na kuwa nchi ya kipato cha 8 kati (a middle income country), ikiwa na wastani wa pato la mtu la Dola za Marekani 9,200 (sawa na Tsh. Milioni 20.6) kwa mwaka. Nchi hiyo inayokadiriwa kuzalisha takribani robo ya Almasi yote inayozalishwa duniani kwa mwaka, inamiliki hisa 50% katika Kampuni ya Debswana (Debswana Diamond Company Ltd) huku 50% nyingine ya hisa ikimilikiwa na kampuni ya De. Beer ya nchini Afrika Kusini. Vilevile nchi ya Libya kutokana na kutumia mapato yatokanayo ya uwekezaji katika uchimbaji na uuzaji wa mafuta, kukuza uchumi na kuboresha hali ya maisha ya watu wake. Kwa mujibu wa takwimu za Shirika la Fedha Duniani (IMF) pato la mtu kwa mwaka ni Dola za Marekani 14,000 (sawa na Tsh. Milioni 31.4) 1.5 Ushirikishwaji wa Wadau:- Mheshimiwa Spika, Kamati ilitekeleza kikamilifu sharti la Kanuni ya 84 (2) ya Kanuni za Kudumu za Bunge, Toleo la Januari, 2016 kuhusu ushirikishaji wa Wadau katika uchambuzi wa Muswada. Wadau wote waliofika mbele ya Kamati au kutuma maoni yao kwa maandishi walifanya hivyo kufuatia Tangazo la Katibu wa Bunge kwa Umma lililotolewa Tarehe 29 Juni, 2017. Hivyo, uchambuzi wa Muswada huu ulishirikisha
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