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N°116 June 2013
N°116 June 2013 Black screens in Athens, blue ones in Marseille... In the history of television it’s a sad first: the sudden closure, by a government, of an entire public broadcasting service. On June 11th at 8.00 p.m. GMT the Greek national broadcaster, ERT, brought down the shutters. Which just goes to show how much the PriMed discussion on June 21st, about public service broadcasting in the Mediterranean, will be at the very heart of what’s happening in the Mediterranean Broadcasting Landscape. What’s more, the discussion will be held in the presence of most of the chairs of the Mediterranean television companies, coming to Marseille for a summit meeting. What future, what ambitions for these public broadcasting companies? Blue screens in Marseille: on June 17th we launch the 17th PriMed in Marseille: the Mediterranean in images and from every angle. You can watch it on primed.tv, so do not miss it under any circumstances: screenings and awards for the best documentaries, news films and web-documentaries. Also in this issue, a report on the first PriMed event – the MPM Averroès Junior Award in partnership with Espaceculture_Marseille; an exclusive interview with Rémy Pflimlin, head of France Télévisions; a close-up on Films du Soleil; and all the usual items. François JACQUEL Managing director of the CMCA Méditerranée Audiovisuelle-La Lettre. Dépôt Légal 29 janvier 2013. ISSN : 1634-4081. Tous droits réservés Directeur de publication : François Jacquel Rédaction : Valérie Gerbault, Julien Cohen CMCA - 96 La Canebière 13001 Marseille Tel : + 33 491 42 03 02 Fax : +33 491 42 01 83 http://www.cmca-med.org - [email protected] Le CMCA est soutenu par les cotisations de ses membres, la Ville de Marseille, le Département des Bouches du Rhône et la Région Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur. -
Must-Carry Rules, and Access to Free-DTT
Access to TV platforms: must-carry rules, and access to free-DTT European Audiovisual Observatory for the European Commission - DG COMM Deirdre Kevin and Agnes Schneeberger European Audiovisual Observatory December 2015 1 | Page Table of Contents Introduction and context of study 7 Executive Summary 9 1 Must-carry 14 1.1 Universal Services Directive 14 1.2 Platforms referred to in must-carry rules 16 1.3 Must-carry channels and services 19 1.4 Other content access rules 28 1.5 Issues of cost in relation to must-carry 30 2 Digital Terrestrial Television 34 2.1 DTT licensing and obstacles to access 34 2.2 Public service broadcasters MUXs 37 2.3 Must-carry rules and digital terrestrial television 37 2.4 DTT across Europe 38 2.5 Channels on Free DTT services 45 Recent legal developments 50 Country Reports 52 3 AL - ALBANIA 53 3.1 Must-carry rules 53 3.2 Other access rules 54 3.3 DTT networks and platform operators 54 3.4 Summary and conclusion 54 4 AT – AUSTRIA 55 4.1 Must-carry rules 55 4.2 Other access rules 58 4.3 Access to free DTT 59 4.4 Conclusion and summary 60 5 BA – BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA 61 5.1 Must-carry rules 61 5.2 Other access rules 62 5.3 DTT development 62 5.4 Summary and conclusion 62 6 BE – BELGIUM 63 6.1 Must-carry rules 63 6.2 Other access rules 70 6.3 Access to free DTT 72 6.4 Conclusion and summary 73 7 BG – BULGARIA 75 2 | Page 7.1 Must-carry rules 75 7.2 Must offer 75 7.3 Access to free DTT 76 7.4 Summary and conclusion 76 8 CH – SWITZERLAND 77 8.1 Must-carry rules 77 8.2 Other access rules 79 8.3 Access to free DTT -
International Media and Communication Statistics 2010
N O R D I C M E D I A T R E N D S 1 2 A Sampler of International Media and Communication Statistics 2010 Compiled by Sara Leckner & Ulrika Facht N O R D I C O M Nordic Media Trends 12 A Sampler of International Media and Communication Statistics 2010 COMPILED BY: Sara LECKNER and Ulrika FACHT The Nordic Ministers of Culture have made globalization one of their top priorities, unified in the strategy Creativity – the Nordic Response to Globalization. The aim is to create a more prosperous Nordic Region. This publication is part of this strategy. ISSN 1401-0410 ISBN 978-91-86523-15-2 PUBLISHED BY: NORDICOM University of Gothenburg P O Box 713 SE 405 30 GÖTEBORG Sweden EDITOR NORDIC MEDIA TRENDS: Ulla CARLSSON COVER BY: Roger PALMQVIST Contents Abbrevations 6 Foreword 7 Introduction 9 List of tables & figures 11 Internet in the world 19 ICT 21 The Internet market 22 Computers 32 Internet sites & hosts 33 Languages 36 Internet access 37 Internet use 38 Fixed & mobile telephony 51 Internet by region 63 Africa 65 North & South America 75 Asia & the Pacific 85 Europe 95 Commonwealth of Independent States – CIS 110 Middle East 113 Television in the world 119 The TV market 121 TV access & distribution 127 TV viewing 139 Television by region 143 Africa 145 North & South America 149 Asia & the Pacific 157 Europe 163 Middle East 189 Radio in the world 197 Channels 199 Digital radio 202 Revenues 203 Access 206 Listening 207 Newspapers in the world 211 Top ten titles 213 Language 214 Free dailes 215 Paid-for newspapers 217 Paid-for dailies 218 Revenues & costs 230 Reading 233 References 235 5 Abbreviations General terms . -
Bug #2942 Decryption Errors on Certain BISS Channels Without CAID 2015-06-13 20:33 - Adam W
Tvheadend - Bug #2942 Decryption errors on certain BISS channels without CAID 2015-06-13 20:33 - Adam W Status: Fixed Start date: 2015-06-13 Priority: Normal Due date: Assignee: % Done: 0% Category: Descrambling Estimated time: 0.00 hour Target version: Found in version: 4.0.4-14~ge653de1 Affected Versions: Description When trying to watch certain BISS channels (ERT on 3.1°E satellite, was NERIT) which have no CAID set, there are errors in the video stream as if there is bad reception (but there isn't). The channels are as described in this previous bug - https://tvheadend.org/issues/2379 I have set the CAID to 0x2600 in the channel settings, then added a DES Constant codeword client for each service in the CAs section. The channels clear but with errors as shown in the attached screenshot. The errors reported by TVHeadend are like this: 2015-06-13 19:19:56.177 TS: Eutelsat 3B/12734V/ERT1: H264 #138 Continuity counter error (total 1149) 2015-06-13 19:20:07.067 TS: Eutelsat 3B/12734V/ERT1: H264 #138 Continuity counter error (total 1190) 2015-06-13 19:20:19.010 TS: Eutelsat 3B/12734V/ERT1: H264 #138 Continuity counter error (total 1228) 2015-06-13 19:20:31.680 TS: Eutelsat 3B/12734V/ERT1: H264 #138 Continuity counter error (total 1268) 2015-06-13 19:20:42.047 TS: Eutelsat 3B/12734V/ERT1: H264 @ #138 Continuity counter error (total 1305) I don't know if this is to do with the lack of CAID (but surely the CAID being forced should make no difference) or something weird with the transmission itself. -
Identifying Changes in Sediment Texture Along an Ephemeral Gravel-Bed Stream Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography 2D and 3D
applied sciences Article Identifying Changes in Sediment Texture along an Ephemeral Gravel-Bed Stream Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography 2D and 3D Marcos A. Martínez-Segura 1 , Carmelo Conesa-García 2 , Pedro Pérez-Cutillas 2, Pedro Martínez-Pagán 1 and Marco D. Vásconez-Maza 1,* 1 Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 52, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; [email protected] (M.A.M.-S.); [email protected] (P.M.-P.) 2 Department of Physical Geography, Campus de la Merced, University of Murcia, s/n, 30001 Murcia, Spain; [email protected] (C.C.-G.); [email protected] (P.P.-C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-968-327-033 Abstract: Differences in deposit geometry and texture with depth along ephemeral gravel-bed streams strongly reflect fluctuations in bedload which are due to environmental changes at the basin scale and to morphological channel adjustments. This study combines electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with datasets from borehole logs to analyse the internal geometry of channel cross-sections in a gravel-bed ephemeral stream (southeast Spain). The survey was performed through longitudinal and transverse profiles in the upper channel stretch, of 14 to 30 m in length and 3 to 6 m in depth, approximately. ERT values were correlated with data on sediment texture as grain size distribution, effective grain sizes, sorting, and particle shape (Zingg’s classification). The alluvial channel-fills showed the superposition of four layers with uneven thickness and arrangement: Citation: Martínez-Segura, M.A.; (1) the softer rocky substrate (<1000 W.m); (2) a thicker intermediate layer (1000 to 2000 W.m); Conesa-García, C.; Pérez-Cutillas, P.; Martínez-Pagán, P.; Vásconez-Maza, and (3) an upper set composed of coarse gravel and supported matrix, ranging above 2000 W.m, M.D. -
Old, Educated, and Politically Diverse: the Audience of Public Service News
Old, Educated, and Politically Diverse: The Audience of Public Service News Anne Schulz, David A. L. Levy, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen REUTERS INSTITUTE REPORT • SEPTEMBER 2019 Old, Educated, and Politically Diverse: The Audience of Public Service News Anne Schulz, David A. L. Levy, and Rasmus Kleis Nielsen Published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at the University of Oxford with support from Yle. Contents About the Authors 6 Acknowledgements 6 Executive Summary 7 Introduction 9 1 Does Public Service News Reach the Whole Public across Offl ine and Online Off ers? 12 2 Does Public Service News Reach Young Audiences? 15 3 Does Public Service News Reach Audiences with Limited Formal Education? 20 4 Does Public Service News Reach Audiences across Left –Right Political Views? 23 5 Does Public Service News Reach Both Populist and Non-Populist Audiences? 26 Discussion 29 Appendix 34 References 36 5 THE REUTERS INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF JOURNALISM About the Authors Dr Anne Schulz is a Research Fellow at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Her doctoral work focused on populism, media perceptions, and news consumption. She is researching questions surrounding news audiences and digital news. Dr David A. L. Levy is a Senior Research Associate of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, where he was Director 2008–18. An expert in media policy and regulation, he was editor of the Reuters Institute Digital News Report between 2012 and 2018, and joint author or editor of several other publications at the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (RISJ). -
Sports Television Programming
Sports Television Programming: Content Selection, Strategies and Decision Making. A comparative study of the UK and Greek markets. Sotiria Tsoumita A Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD Degree at the University of Stirling January 2013 Acknowledgements There are many people that I would like to thank for their help, support and contribution to this project starting from my two supervisors: Dr Richard Haynes for all his feedback, suggestions for literature, ideas and specialist knowledge in the UK market and Prof. Wray Vamplew for all the corrections, suggestions, for the enthusiasm he showed for the subject and for allowing me the freedom to follow my interests and make decisions. A special thanks because he was also involved in the project from the very first day that I submitted the idea to the university. I would also like to thank Prof. Raymond Boyle who acted as a second supervisor at the beginning of my PhD studies. This thesis would not have existed if it wasn’t for all the interviewees who kindly accepted to share their knowledge, experiences and opinions and responded to all my questions. Taking the interviews was the most enjoyable and rewarding part of the research. I would particularly like to thank those who helped me arrange new interviews: Henry Birtles for contacting Ben Nicholas, Vasilis Panagiotakis for arranging a number of interviews with colleagues in Greece and Gabrielle Marcotti who introduced me to Nicola Antognetti who helped me contact Andrea Radrizzani and Marc Rautenberg. Many thanks to friends and colleagues for keeping an eye on new developments in the UK and Greek television markets that could be of interest to my project. -
Como Exportar Para a Grécia 2020
COMO EXPORTAR PARA A GRÉCIA 2020 MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES EMBAIXADA DO BRASIL EM ATENAS SECOM ATENAS COMO EXPORTAR PARA A GRÉCIA 2020 MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES EMBAIXADA DO BRASIL EM ATENAS SECOM ATENAS COMO EXPORTAR PARA A GRÉCIA Sumário INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................................................... 5 MAPA DA GRÉCIA .................................................................................................................................... 6 REGIÕES DA GRÉCIA ................................................................................................................................ 7 DADOS BÁSICOS ...................................................................................................................................... 8 I - ASPECTOS GERAIS ............................................................................................................................... 9 1. Geografia ......................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Localização e superfície ........................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Regiões geográficas e clima ..................................................................................................... 9 2. População, centros urbanos e nível de vida ................................................................................ -
Effectiveness of 2D Induced Polarisation & Electrical Resistivity
Effectiveness of 2D Induced Polarisation & Electrical Resistivity Tomography in Mapping Fracture Heterogeneity in Foundation Soils. Okechukwu Donald Nnebedum ( [email protected] ) University of Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3924-4462 Ogbonnaya Igwe University of Nigeria Stanley Ikenna Ifediegwu University of Nigeria Research Keywords: Electrical Resistivity, Tomography, Induced Polarization, Fracture Posted Date: July 13th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-681484/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 EFFECTIVENESS OF 2D INDUCED POLARISATION & ELECTRICAL 2 RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY IN MAPPING FRACTURE HETEROGENEITY IN 3 FOUNDATION SOILS. 4 *Okechukwu Nnebedum1; Ogbonnaya Igwe1; Stanley Ikenna Ifediegwu1 5 1Department of Geology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria 6 *Corresponding Author ([email protected]) 7 8 ABSTRACT 9 Inhomogeneity caused by fractures can constitute real problems in foundation soils which 10 consequently can lead to structural failure. 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been 11 exceedingly popular in mapping near surface discontinuities that can possibly affect engineering 12 structures. The effectiveness of using Induced Polarisation Tomography (IPT) in mapping 13 subsurface fractures was explored. Using the same field way out for both ERT and IPT, 14 investigations were carried out at a failed structure with foundational inhomogeneity in the Nsukka 15 area, Southeastern Nigeria. Four Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and four Induced 16 Polarisation Tomography (IPT) were carried out. Electrical Resistivity Tomography for profile 17 line one (ERT1) and that of the opposite section, ERT3, revealed a fault trending NNW- SSE. This 18 anomaly was also observed on the Induced Polarization Tomography for profile line one (IPT1) as 19 well as that of profile line three (IPT3) at the same offset distances, delineating the same fracture 20 zone. -
Public Service Broadcasting in Greece: Back to the Future Or Point of No Return?I
GMJ: Mediterranean Edition 10(1) Spring 2015 1 Public Service Broadcasting in Greece: Back to the Future or Point of No Return?i Petros Iosifidis and Irini Katsirea Introduction The Greek media landscape changed dramatically after the deregulation of broadcasting in the late 1980s which ended the public broadcasting monopoly. Many media outlets appeared in a small market of just 11 million people to the extent that the media landscape today is characterized by an excess of supply over demand. From a broadcasting field of two public TV channels and four radio stations, in the late 1980s, it has become an overcrowded environment comprising 160 private TV channels and 1200 private radio stations, all of them lacking an official licence to broadcast (Papathanassopoulos, 2014). Traditional media, such as newspapers, magazines and the Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation ERT, the public service broadcaster, faced an unprecedented challenge as competition increased first from powerful (unregulated) commercial analogue broadcasters and then digital media. To address sharp decline in sales, the main publishers, helped by a weak regulatory regime, moved to electronic media, thereby raising levels of media market concentration. The interdependence between political and media elites and the strong clientelistic relations which characterize the Greek political system are identified as the main factors behind the ineffective and contradictory nature of broadcasting regulatory policies. The ongoing financial crisis and recession has affected the media sector as a whole and turned some media outlets financially unsustainable. However, the most dramatic development occurred in 2013 with the sudden closure of public service broadcaster (PSB) ERT. More specifically, in early June 2013 the Greek government decided to close down ERT and make its employees redundant as part of the latest public spending cuts imposed to meet the terms of the country’s bailout deal. -
Hybrid TV – Better TV Hbbtv Guide for IBC 2019 RAI Amsterdam
Hybrid TV – Better TV HbbTV Guide for IBC 2019 RAI Amsterdam HbbTV Services, Solutions & Devices at IBC 2019 About HbbTV Hybrid broadcast broadband TV (or “HbbTV”) is a global initiative developing a specification enabling the delivery of advanced and interactive TV and entertainment services to consumers through a combined use of both broadcast and broadband networks. The HbbTV specification developed by industry leaders improves the video experience of consumers on connected TV sets, set-top boxes and multiscreen devices. It is a dynamic industry standard which has been adopted more than 30 countries to date (September 2018) due to it being an open and business-neutral technology platform that is flexible and has growing commercial capabilities. The HbbTV specification uses elements of existing specifications from other standards including OIPF, CEA, DVB, MPEG-DASH and W3C. With the incorporation of activities from the Open IPTV Forum (OIPF) in 2014 and Smart TV Alliance in 2016, HbbTV is able to address service providers and technology suppliers for IPTV services as well as the combined scope of broadcast and over-the-top (OTT) services. More information: www.hbbtv.org. There are some exciting developments in HbbTV at this year’s IBC; this document provides an overview of what to expect from this exciting technology in the coming months. Additionally, the HbbTV Association will be giving demonstrations on the DVB stand. HbbTV Members at IBC 2019: Your contact at IBC 2019: • Jason Power Request a meeting: [email protected] Website: Stand 2.A11 www.dolby.com www.dolbyac4.com Dolby Laboratories, located in booth 2.A11, will show how Broadcasters can leverage HbbTV and Dolby AC-4 to deliver services that are more immersive and more personalised, targeting existing deployed TVs. -
Public Service Broadcasting 6
European Benchmarking Public Service Broadcasters in the Digital Era May 2002 1 Contents Foreword 3 Executive Summary 4 Introduction 5 Section 1: Public Service Broadcasting 6 Section 2: European Overview 7 Section 3: Digital Channels 11 Section 4: Strategies of European Public Service Broadcasters 15 Section 5: Financial Information 21 Section 6: Reach and Ratings 26 Section 7: Platforms 29 Section 8: Country by Country Overview (Including Responses to Circom Survey) Albania 34 Austria 35 Belgium 37 Croatia 38 Czech Republic 39 Denmark 40 Finland 44 France 44 Germany 46 Greece 47 Hungary 48 Ireland 50 Italy 52 Malta 53 Moldova 54 Netherlands 54 Norway 56 Poland 57 Portugal 57 Slovakia 58 Slovenia 58 Spain 59 Sweden 60 United Kingdom 61 2 Foreword 3 Executive Summary • The environment in which public service broadcasters operate has changed considerably in recent years with the proliferation of private operators (both television channels and alternative broadcast media) and the decline in the advertising market brought about by the economic slowdown. • The market share of all public service broadcasters has been eroded, with the exception of France. However market share is now stabilising. • While the environment for public service broadcasters has become much more difficult and challenging, their role and remit remains largely unchanged. However, the public service broadcasting remit is being challenged across Europe in the context of digital television. • Broadcasters are working towards the EU target of analogue termination scheduled between 2005 – 2015. • All public service broadcasters are planning to simulcast existing channels and most are planning to launch new channels. • Smaller public service broadcasters have not yet launched a digital bouquet.