L'epopea Di BETASOM
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Une Catalogne Indepéndante? European Geopolitics and The
TEMPORARY EXHIBIT European Geopolitics and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) ENGLISH Democratic Memorial June 2017 “Une Catalogne indépendante”? European Geopolitics and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Temporary Exhibit · Democratic Memorial · June 2017 1. EXHIBITION SCRIPT 0 . «Une Catalogne indépendante»? European Geopolitics and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) 1. What never was. The crude realpolitik of international relations 2. The radical transformation of the map of Europe between World War I and II. 1919-1945 2.1. New borders, new countries 2.2.The idea of Europe 2.3. Diplomacy: A game? 2.4. Calling on France 3. Catalonia existed in the world; the world was present in Catalonia. 3.1. Catalonia as a subject 3.2. The Italian view. Mussolini’s policy of Mediterranean power 3.3. Foreigners in Catalonia 3.4. Barcelona was also a city of diplomats. 3.5. Barcelona, a great city of the Western Mediterranean. 4. A Catalan Maginot line? The importance of the third French front in a European war 4.1. The Pyrenees, the importance of the southern border to France 4.2. Franco before Stalin! Fear of communism. 4.3. The port of Barcelona, a desirable location 4.4. A View from Catalonia 5. A real debate amidst rumours. Catalan independence in an international Spanish Civil War 5.1. Madrid’s fate determines the future of Catalonia 5.2. A de facto independence 5.3. Catalonia or Spain, an unresolved dilemma (May 1937 - April 1939) 6. Why didn’t it occur? “Une Catalogne indépendante”? European Geopolitics and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Temporary Exhibit · Democratic Memorial · June 2017 0 . -
Galilei-1632 Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Galileo di Vincenzo Bonaulti de Galilei ([ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi]; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath, from Pisa. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science". Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and "hydrostatic balances", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the observation of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the observation of Saturn's rings, and the analysis of sunspots. Galileo's championing of heliocentrism and Copernicanism was controversial during his lifetime, when most subscribed to geocentric models such as the Tychonic system. He met with opposition from astronomers, who doubted heliocentrism because of the absence of an observed stellar parallax. The matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, which concluded that heliocentrism was "foolish and absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical since it explicitly contradicts in many places the sense of Holy Scripture". Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632), which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both supported Galileo up until this point. He was tried by the Inquisition, found "vehemently suspect of heresy", and forced to recant. -
Debora Magno
ARCHIVIO STORICO MESSINESE Periodico fondato nel Millenovecento SOCIETÀ MESSINESE DI STORIA PATRIA ARCHIVIO STORICO MESSINESE - 84/85 - MESSINA 2003/2004 Pubblicazione realizzata con il contributo della Regione Siciliana - Assessorato BB.CC.AA. e Pubblica Istruzione ATTILIO RUSSO COSTANTINO LASCARIS TRA FAMA E OBLIO NEL CINQUECENTO MESSINESE* Ciò che colpisce, riguardo alla figura di Costantino La- scaris, è il contrasto tra la fama che accompagnò in vita l’u- manista e l’oblio in cui cadde a qualche decennio dalla sua morte, a Messina, anche se soltanto per un determinato in- tervallo di tempo. Le amnesie sospette su Lascaris iniziano precocemente e già nel 1518, dopo neanche un ventennio dalla sua scomparsa, Francesco Iannelli, che nella città del- lo Stretto era stato tra gli allievi di Costantino, manifesta un clamoroso vuoto di memoria a proposito dell’ex maestro. Nel poemetto Sylva de naturae parentis tenore1, infatti, Ian- nelli esclude inspiegabilmente Lascaris (e Bessarione) dal nutrito elenco d’illustri umanisti dell’epoca presente nell’o- pera, scritta in Calabria e dedicata a Iacopo Sannazaro. L’as- senza dalla Sylva, comunque, potrebbe sembrare più un fat- to episodico o locale2, giacché, quasi contemporaneamente, * Contributo presentato dal Socio Rosario Moscheo. 1 Del manoscritto, segnalato per la prima volta da G. Lipari, si è occu- pata P. Megna che, correttamente, fa rilevare la sorprendente reticenza di Iannelli circa il Lascaris, «laddove sono menzionati Giano Lascari e l’altro maestro del Giannelli, Carlo Curro» (P. MEGNA, Per l’ambiente del Lascari a Messina: una Sylva di Francesco Giannelli, in “Studi Umanistici”, IV-V, Mes- sina 1993-1994, pp. -
Seaquest DSV 4600 UEO Seaquest DSV 4600 First Appearance to Be Or Not to Be Affiliation UEO Launched Seaquest DSV 4600 (2014)
seaQuest DSV 4600 UEO seaQuest DSV 4600 First appearance To Be or Not to Be Affiliation UEO seaQuest DSV 4600 (2014) Launched seaQuest DSV 4600-II (2021) General characteristics Class seaQuest Registry DSV 4600 Maximum speed 160 knots (300 km/h) Spector Class sub-fighters Fighters Sea Speeder 3 Classes Stinger Auxiliary craft Sea Launch Shuttles Sea Crab Torpedoes: E-Plasma Torpedoes Plasma Torpedoes Armaments EMP Torpedoes Lasers SLBMs Torpedo Intercepts Flash Warheads Defenses Countermeasures Anti-ballistic missile Propulsion Aqua Return Jets Twin Fusion Reactor using Tritium extracted from Power sea water Length 1,007 feet (307 m) The UEO seaQuest DSV 4600 and the UEO seaQuest DSV 4600-II are the two titular submarines featured in the science fiction television series "seaQuest DSV", which ran for three seasons on NBC from 1993-1996. The original seaQuest was featured in the show's first season, while the second boat was featured in the second and third seasons. Design specifications The seaQuest was the brain child of Captain Nathan Bridger, who designed the boat in the early 21st century, but Bridger left the Navy three years before construction on the ship was completed. Upon its completion,seaQuest was the largest submarine and deep submergence vehicle ever constructed, measuring 307.1 m from stem to stern with a crew of 88 military and 124 science personnel. The ship could travel at speeds up to 160 knots (295 km/h) and was propelled by twin fusion reactors. The seaQuest was coated in a genetically engineered bio-skin that remained completely inert against (most) marine bacteria and organisms with a crush depth of more than 9 km of water. -
Downloaded From: Version: Published Version Publisher: MAGGIOLI S.P.A
Rossi, Loris and Pedata, Laura and Porfido, Enrico and Resta, Giuseppe (2018) Fragile Edges and Floating Strategies along the Albanian Coastline. The Plan Journal, 2 (2). pp. 685-705. ISSN 2611-7487 Downloaded from: https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/625705/ Version: Published Version Publisher: MAGGIOLI S.p.A. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15274/tpj.2017.02.02.22 Please cite the published version https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk The Plan Journal 2 (2): XXX-XXX, 2017 doi: 10.15274/tpj.2017.02.02.22 Fragile Edges and Floating Strategies along the Albanian Coastline Loris Rossi, Laura Pedata, Enrico Porfido, Giuseppe Resta ABSTRACT - The essay investigates coastline development along the southern area of the Albanian Riviera, introducing the concepts of “landscape fragments” and “landscape within a landscape” as design methodologies. By speculatively reversing the order of landscape perception from land to water, the coastline becomes a flexible device capable of responding to unpredictable future events - natural disasters related to climate change (rising sea levels), or globally challenging socio-political phenomena (such as mass migration growing in scope, complexity and impact). The experimental design approach involves the design and representation of an incremental waterscape. By reversing the morphological perception of the coastal landscape and making a set of tactical selections in natural and artificial landscapes, the students highlighted the territory’s potential. With new awareness, they proposed site-specific interventions along the coast and inland, -
L'occupazione Militare Imperialista
ANNO XXII - N. 3 (67) SETTEMBRE - NOVEMBRE 2008 DELLA FONDAZIONE DELLA R.S.I. - ISTITUTO STORICO Reg. Trib. Arezzo 5/87 - 21 Aprile 1987 Sped. A.P. Legge 46/2004 art. 1, comma 1 e 2 - Filiale Bologna Direttore responsabile Arturo Conti 61 ANNI FA CESSO’ L’OCCUPAZIONE MILITARE IMPERIALISTA a più rilevante coda alla data ufficiale di ritiro delle Truppe vincitrici in Italia fissata dal Senato USA (15 dicembre 1947), fu Lal Confine Orientale dove l’addio angloamericano del 26 ottobre 1954 coincise con la cessione agli slavi dell’ex Zona B del mai nato Territorio Libero di Trieste. Cessione purtroppo ampliata (11,5 Kmq in estensione, 5 mila in abitanti) ad Albaro Vescovà, Crevatini, Plavia, S. Servolo e Valle Oltra. La guerra, conclusa nel 1945 con la Resa di Caserta, era stata archiviata nel 1947 con il Trattato di Pace, duramente commentato nel 1952 da Attilio Tamaro in 297 pagine, due delle quali (148-149) in parte riprodu- ciamo (doc. A). I Combattenti dell’Onore (doc. B) e le loro famiglie subirono massacri e prigionie, epurazione e miseria, ma anche l’Italia pagò un alto prezzo alla vendicativa Francia e soprattutto alla barbara comunista Jugoslavia (doc.C). A B C SETTEMBRE - NOVEMBRE 2008 — 2 — LE CONQUISTE DELLA FRANCIA E La difesa RSI del Confine con la Francia (ACTA n. 39, 48, 51, 60), nel dopoguerra è in parte resa vana dal CLN. Colle di Tenda, da Sud I 560 Kmq dei Comuni di Briga e di Tenda compresi i Forti a Sud del Colle (1902 m) e zone contigue, non più territorio italiano dal 16 settembre 1947 (ACTA n. -
Osprey Publishing, Elms Court, Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LP, United Kingdom
WOLF PACK The Story of the U-Boat in World War II The Story - oat iq-Workd War 11 First published in Great Britain in 2005 by Osprey Publishing, Elms Court, Chapel Way, Botley, Oxford OX2 9LP, United Kingdom. Email: [email protected] Previously published as New Vanguard 51: Kriegsmarine U-boats 1939-45 (1); New Vanguard 55: Kriegsmarine U-boats 1939-45 (2); and Warrior 36: Grey Wolf. © 2005 Osprey Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers. CIP data for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 84176 872 3 Editors: Anita Hitchings and Ruth Sheppard Design: Ken Vail Graphic Design, Cambridge, UK Artwork by Ian Palmer and Darko Pavlovic Index by Alan Thatcher Originated by The Electronic Page Company, Cwmbran, UK Printed and bound by L-Rex Printing Company Ltd 05 06 07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FOR A CATALOGUE OF ALL BOOKS PUBLISHED BY OSPREY PLEASE CONTACT: NORTH AMERICA Osprey Direct, 2427 Bond Street, University Park, IL 60466, USA E-mail: [email protected] ALL OTHER REGIONS Osprey Direct UK, P.O. Box 140, Wellingborough, Northants, NN8 2FA, UK E-mail: [email protected] www.ospreypublishing.com EDITOR'S NOTE All photographs, unless indicated otherwise, are courtesy of the U-Boot Archiv. -
Military History of Italy During World War II from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Military history of Italy during World War II From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The participation of Italy in the Second World War was characterized by a complex framework of ideology, politics, and diplomacy, while its military actions were often heavily influenced by external factors. The imperial ambitions of the Fascist regime, which aspired to restore the Roman Empire in North Africa and the Mediterranean (the Mare Nostrum, or the Italian Empire), were partially met with the annexation of Albania and the Province of Ljubljana, and the occupation of British Somaliland and other territories, but ultimately collapsed after defeats in the East and North African campaigns. In July 1943, following the Allied invasion of Sicily, Italy and its colonies in May 1940 (Dodecanese islands Benito Mussolini was arrested by order of King and Tientsin concession in China are not shown) Victor Emmanuel III, provoking a civil war. Italy surrendered to the Allies at the end of the Italian Campaign. The northern half of the country was occupied by Germans with the fascists help and made a collaborationist puppet state (with more than 600,000 soldiers), while the south was governed by monarchist and liberal forces, which fought for the Allied cause as the Italian Co-Belligerent Army (at its height numbering more than 50,000 men), helped by circa 350,000[1] partisans of disparate political ideologies that operated all over Italy. Contents 1 Background 1.1 Imperial ambitions 1.2 Industrial strength 1.3 Economy 1.4 Military 2 Outbreak of the Second World -
Introduction: World War I
Introduction: World War I It’s been almost a century since the First World War star- ted, but its memory still resides in most people’s conscien- ce like very few other past events. The 1914-1918’s war was extraordinarily ferocious. It pro- duced and spread all over the world the horrors and an- xieties of the 20th century, involving millions of soldiers as well as citizens, leaving a terrible trail of death behind, using new and more devastating weapons, destroying the territory and creating enormous artistic emergencies. Be- sides the injustices, the frustrations, the seeds for new wars that the first conflict left as inheritance to Europe, it also gave birth to a grief-centered, bellicose, barbaric and full of hate culture. The Italian front of this huge conflict is usually remembered abroad thanks to the battle, and the resul- ting defeat, of Caporetto. History books narrate about the military strategies, statistics list the slain, the disabled and the widows. To Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto though, as well as to Austria and Slovenia, the memory is even more intense and upsetting. The war walked over these territories, it shred people and feelings and drained all natural resources. These are the territories where most of those terrifying battles took place. These are the territories where so many young people, coming both from the Kingdom of Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, found death. Here, from May 1915 to October 1918, for twenty-nine endless months, the two armies fought harshly. The Julian and Carnic Alps, but above all the Karst, witnessed to twelve bloodthirsty battles. -
Momenti Di Gloria Di Stefano Aluisini
& storie Momenti di gloria di Stefano Aluisini &15 & a Marina Militare Italiana aveva subi- sposizione dell’Ammiraglio Cunningham. Il comandante Ber- Lto durante la seconda guerra mondia- gamini accetta riluttante e salpa dalla Spezia solo alle 3 del 9 le perdite elevatissime in uomini, mezzi settembre facendo intanto rotta verso l’isola della Maddalena. e materiali, spesso in battaglie disperate Scortata da diversi incrociatori fra i quali il Raimondo Mon- come quella di Matapan dove vennero af- tecuccoli che apre la formazione con il Regolo e l’Eugenio di fondati gli incrociatori pesanti Zara (va- Savoia, la corazzata Roma si unisce al resto della flotta italiana rato nei Cantieri Ansaldo del Muggiano), proveniente da Genova, ma viene intercettata al largo della Fiume e Pola con i cacciatorpediniere Sardegna in pieno giorno da aerei della Luftwaffe decollati da Carducci e Alfieri. Istres che la colpiscono ripetutamente fra le 15.42 e le 15.50. Per non mettere a rischio le poche navi La prima bomba tedesca colpisce il ponte a dritta, la seconda rimaste reagisce così con le singole ar- impatta a proravia del torrione e fa saltare in aria la nave che ditissime imprese di uomini specializzati delle forze subacquee. scompare in una vampata alta quattrocento metri uccidendo Come il pluridecorato comandante Mario Arillo, spezzino, che l’Ammiraglio Bergamini e 1.352 marinai, le prime vittime ita- con il sommergibile Ambra porta i suoi “uomini gamma” sotto liane per mano germanica dopo l’armistizio. le chiglie delle navi nemiche all’interno della baia di Algeri. Le altre due grandi e moderne navi da battaglia da 43.000 O come il sommergibile Scirè, varato alla Spezia dai Cantieri tonnellate gemelle della Roma, la Vittorio Veneto e la Italia Odero-Terni-Orlando il 6 gennaio del 1938 il quale al comando (ex Littorio) vengono invece internate ai Laghi Amari nel ca- del Principe Junio Valerio Borghese salpa dalla Spezia alle 5,15 nale di Suez fino alla loro demolizione. -
Sommergibili Italiani Operanti Nell'atlantico Dal 1940 Al 1043
Sommergibili italiani operanti nell’Atlantico dal 1940 al 1043 La base operativa Betasom a Bordeaux Testi e foto ricavati da Wikipedia BETASOM era l'acronimo di Bordeaux Sommergibile (ottenuto dall'unione della prima lettera della parola «Bordeaux» -espressa con il nome della lettera dell'alfabeto greco equivalente dal punto di vista fonetico («beta»)- e la prima sillaba della parola «sommergibile»), la base navale dei sottomarini della Regia Marina a Bordeaux (costa atlantica meridionale francese) durante la seconda guerra mondiale. La base accolse una trentina di battelli della Regia Marina dall’autunno 1940 all’8 settembre 1943, data dell’entrata in vigore dell'armistizio di Cassibile. La base Il 25 luglio 1940, il ministero della Marina italiano ottenne l'autorizzazione allo schieramento di un certo numero di sottomarini in appoggio alla Germania nazista per la guerra nell'oceano Atlantico. Il luogo prescelto per la sede delle operazioni fu la città di Bordeaux, dove fu costruita una base navale a cui fu assegnato il nome in codice di BETASOM. Napoli 1938 - Sommergibili italiani schierati per la visita di Hitler in Italia, accompagnato da Mussolini La strategia sarebbe stata impostata insieme all'alleato tedesco, ma dal punto di vista tattico e disciplinare i vari battelli avrebbero operato sotto la responsabilità dei rispettivi comandi. Questo perché Hitler temeva che in caso di impiego dell'aviazione tedesca in Africa Settentrionale, una richiesta simile di comando unificato avrebbe portato gli aviatori germanici sotto il comando italiano. La base era costituita da due darsene intercomunicanti attraverso una chiusa. Inoltre, la presenza di bacini di carenaggio rendeva possibile la messa a secco degli scafi per le necessarie operazioni di revisione e riparazione. -
Capital Philately Incorporating Pastcards and Machinations
Volume 33 No. 1-3. December 2015 Capital Philately Incorporating Pastcards and Machinations. Published by The Philatelic Society of Canberra Inc. Inside this Issue: Mail in 19th Century Austrian-Occupied Poland The Little Brown Paper Packet Canals Floral Clocks 1954 – 62 QE II. 5c orange variety. Imperf block of 4. and more. Only the pair is catalogued in Yang. The Philatelic Society of Canberra Inc. (Founded 1932) GPO BOX 1840 CANBERRA ACT 2601 President Ian McMahon Secretary Tony Luckhurst Capital Philately Editorial Board Darryl Fuller Editor [email protected] Bruce Parker Pastcards Daniel Tangri Machinations Paul Barsdell Librarian Further information on the Philatelic Society of Canberra may be found on our web page: http://www.canberrastamps.org Capital Philately is published three times a year and supplied free to members of the Society. Enquiries regarding membership are welcome and should be addressed to Tony Luckhurst, Telephone (02) 6241 1963 Enquiries regarding subscription rates for Capital Philately, advertising rates, purchase of back issues etc. should be addressed to Darryl Fuller. He can be contacted by telephone on 0417 672 543 or by e-mail addressed to [email protected] Advertising rates are: full page $45, half page $25, quarter page $15. There is a 20% reduction on all rates for 4 consecutive issues. Articles, letters and other contributions to Capital Philately should be sent to the Editor; either by mail to the Society address, or C/- Darryl Fuller at the above e-mail. COPYRIGHT: The Philatelic Society of Canberra Inc holds the copyright of the contents of Capital Philately.