DOCSLIB.ORG

7 Circulatory System

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
7 Circulatory System 7 Circulatory System A.Writing the Meanings of Word Parts Write the meanings of the following word parts. 1. angi/o __________________________________ 2. aort/o __________________________________ 3. arteri/o __________________________________ 4. arteriol/o __________________________________ 5. ather/o __________________________________ 6. lymphat/o __________________________________ 7. phleb/o __________________________________ 8. vas/o __________________________________ 9. ven/o __________________________________ 10. venul/o __________________________________ B.Writing Combining Forms Write combining forms for the following terms. 1. adenoids __________________________________ 2. artery __________________________________ 3. neck __________________________________ 4. sameness __________________________________ 5. thrombus __________________________________ C. Matching Terms and Meanings Match each term in the left column with its meaning in the right column. _________ 1. aorta a. a lower chamber of the heart _________2. atrium b. a severe cardiac arrhythmia _________3. capillary c. an upper chamber of the heart _________4. fibrillation d. the largest artery _________5. ventricle e. the smallest blood vessel Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard _______________________________________________________ Chapter 7 Circulatory System 233 D. Filling in the Blanks Write letters in the blanks to complete the following sentences. 1. A term that means slow pulse is __ __ __ __ __cardia. 2. Inflammation of the lymphatic nodes is lymph__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 3. Removal of the spleen is __ __ __ __ __ectomy. 4. Swelling caused by an obstruction of a lymphatic vessel is called __ __ __ __ __ edema. 5..A record produced by a procedure that records the electrical currents of the heart muscle is called an __ _ __ __ __ __ __cardio__ __ __ __. 6.An enlarged heart is called cardio__ __ __ __ __ __. 7.An excessive amount of fat in the blood is called hyper__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 8.Death of an area of the heart muscle is known as myo__ __ __ __ __ __ __ infarction. 9.Elevated blood pressure is __ __ __ __ __tension. 10.Referring to the lungs and heart is cardio__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 11.The lining of the heart is the __ __ __ __cardium. 12.Use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of heart disease is __ __ __ __cardiography. Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard _______________________________________________________ Chapter 7 Circulatory System 234 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 th Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6 ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard _______________________________________________________ Chapter 7 Circulatory System 235 ACROSS 1. an anticoagulant 2. an obstruction 5. main trunk for the arterial system to supply blood to the body 9. sudden blocking of a vessel by a clot or foreign material brought by the bloodstream 13. a record of arteries after injection of radiopaque material 15. tumor whose cells tend to form blood or lymph vessels 17. low blood pressure 21. inflammation of a vein 22. agent that causes dialation of blood vessels 24. smallest blood vessel 25. narrowing or stricture 26. dissolution of a blood clot 28. heart enlargement 29. fluid found in the lymphatics 30. slow heartbeat DOWN 2. upper heart chambers 4. deficiency of blood flow 6. sac formed by local dilation of a vessel or the heart 7. type of artery that supplies blood to the heart 8. agent that increases urination 10. a type of lipid associated with atherosclerosis 11. heart muscle 12. pertaining to a vein 14. internal blood clot 16. formation of a localized area of necrosis produced by an occlusion 18. removal of atherosclerotic 19. the sac enclosing the heart 20. abnormal condition of a vein 23. a lower chamber of the heart 27. rhythmic expansion of an artery Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard _______________________________________________________ Chapter 7 Circulatory System 236 Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard _______________________________________________________ Chapter 7 Circulatory System 237 Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chapter Xi the Circulatory System and Blood
    CHAPTER XI THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM AND BLOOD Page General characterlstlcs______ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 239 of these organs are independent of the beating of The pericardium ___ __ __ __ 239 the principal heart, and their primary function is The heart. _____ __ __ 240 Physiology of the heart.______________________________________________ 242 to oscillate the blood within the pallial sinuses. Automatism of heart beat. _ 242 The pacemaker system_ 245 THE PERICARDIUM Methods of study of heart beat_____________________________________ 247 Frequency of beat___ __ __ _ 248 Extracardlac regulatlon____ __ __ _ 250 The heart is located in the pericardium, a thin­ Effects of mineral salts and drugs___________________________________ 251 Blood vessels_ __ ___ _ 253 walled chamber between the visceral mass and the The arterial system______ __ __ ___ __ __ __ __ __ 253 adductor muscle (fig. 71). In a live oyster the The venous system_________________________________________________ 254 location of the heart is indicated by the throbbing The accessory heart._____________ 258 The blood______ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 259 of the wall of the pericardium on the left side. Color of blood_ __ __ 261 Here the pericardium wall lies directly under the The hyaline cells___________________________________________________ 261 The granular cells .______________________________________ 262 shell. On the right side the promyal chamber Specific gravity of blood____________________________________________ 265 extends down over the heart region and the mantle Serology ___ __________ __________________ ____ __ ______________________ 265 Bibliography __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 266 separates the pericardium wall from the shell. The cavity in which the heart is lodged is slightly A heart, arteries, veins, and open sinuses form asymmetrical; on the right side it extends farther the circulatory system of oysters and other bi­ along the anterior part of the adductor muscle valves.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aorta Simulating Pulmonary Embolism D
    Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.29.1.142 on 1 January 1974. Downloaded from Thorax (1974), 29, 142. Pulmonary artery compression by haemorrhage from the aorta simulating pulmonary embolism D. H. FRANKLIN and J. JACQUES The University Department of Medicine, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh and the Department of Pathology, Edinburgh University Franklin, D. H., and Jacques, J. (1974). Thorax, 29, 142-144. Pulmonary artery compression by haemorrhage from the aorta simulating pulmonary embolism. A case is presented in which pulmonary embolism was simulated by compression of the pulmonary artery by haematoma during an episode of acute bacterial endocarditis occurring 18 months after aortic valve replacement. CASE REPORT replacement with a fascia lata prosthesis. After his operation he remained very well, but three months A 38-year-old male clerk was admitted to hospital before the present admission he had toothache for suffering from bacterial efndocarditis. Seven years pre- which he did not seek advice. viomly he had been treated for a similar episode due On admission he complained of fever, shivering, and to Streptococcus viridans. Over the ensuing five years stiffness in the back and joints. He was noted to have he had developed progressive aortic incompetence a pale, muddy complexion and petechial haemorrhages which ultimately required treatment by aortic valve in the conjunctivae and optic fundi. A systolic murmur http://thorax.bmj.com/ on October 2, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. FIG. 1. Chesvt radiograph showing prominence of the left pulmonary artery. 142 Thorax: first published as 10.1136/thx.29.1.142 on 1 January 1974.
    [Show full text]
  • Premature Obliteration of the Foramen Ovale by G
    PREMATURE OBLITERATION OF THE FORAMEN OVALE BY G. AUSTIN GRESHAM From the Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge Received August 16, 1955 Obliteration of the foramen ovale occurring during intrauterine life is a rare condition. It throws some light on the mechanism of development of endocardial fibroelastosis and also upon the factors concerned in determining the size of the aorta and of the cardiac chambers. CASE HISTORY The patient was the second child of a mother (aet. 21) whose previous obstetric history was normal. Apart from two periods of rather rapid gain of weight for which no cause could be found, the pregnancy was uneventful. The child was eleven days postmature; labour was induced with an enema and lasted forty-five minutes. The infant cried lustily but was cyanosed: the heart was clinically normal. Abnormalities were present in all four limbs. The left radius and ulna were absent and rudimentary digits were present on the skin over the distal end of the limb. Terminal phalanges were absent in the fingers of the right hand, and four toes were present on each foot with a rudimentary fifth digit on the left foot. Cyanosis and dyspniea became more intense and the child died three hours after birth despite the use of oxygen. NECROPSY The body was that of a full-term male infant (weight 3430 g.). The limbs were abnormal as previously described. The lips were blue-black in colour. On the septal wall of the right atrium a hemispherical grey-white area (10x 12 x 4 mm. deep) with a central dimple filled in the usual site of the fossa ovalis (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cardiovascular System
    11 The Cardiovascular System WHAT The cardiovascular system delivers oxygen and HOW nutrients to the body tissues The heart pumps and carries away wastes blood throughout the body such as carbon dioxide in blood vessels. Blood flow via blood. requires both the pumping action of the heart and changes in blood pressure. WHY If the cardiovascular system cannot perform its functions, wastes build up in tissues. INSTRUCTORS Body organs fail to function properly, New Building Vocabulary and then, once oxygen becomes Coaching Activities for this depleted, they will die. chapter are assignable in hen most people hear the term cardio- only with the interstitial fluid in their immediate Wvascular system, they immediately think vicinity. Thus, some means of changing and of the heart. We have all felt our own “refreshing” these fluids is necessary to renew the heart “pound” from time to time when we are ner- nutrients and prevent pollution caused by vous. The crucial importance of the heart has been the buildup of wastes. Like a bustling factory, the recognized for ages. However, the cardiovascular body must have a transportation system to carry system is much more than just the heart, and its various “cargoes” back and forth. Instead of from a scientific and medical standpoint, it is roads, railway tracks, and subways, the body’s important to understand why this system is so vital delivery routes are its hollow blood vessels. to life. Most simply stated, the major function of the Night and day, minute after minute, our tril- cardiovascular system is transportation. Using lions of cells take up nutrients and excrete wastes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Surgical Treatment of Constrictive Fibrous Endocarditis
    The Surgical Treatment of Constrictive Fibrous Endocarditis CH. DUBOST, P. MAURICE, A. GERBAUX, E. BERTRAND, R. RULLIERE, F. VIAL, A. BARRILLON, C. PRIGENT, A. CARPENTIER, R. SOYER Constrictive fibrous endocarditis is a pathological entity described From the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, by Lo6ffler in 1936. Its etiology is unknown. The clinical course Broussais Hospital, Paris, France is characterized by an evolution towards cardiac insufficiency leading rapidly to a fatal outcome. Modern paraclinical investi- gations are necessary to assess the diagnostic. Cardiac catheteriza- tion brings the proof of adiastole and angiocardiography re- Endocardiectomy was first performed by us in 19715-7 veals the shape of amputation of the ventricle with auriculo- and the patient was improved. Since then, four more cases ventricular regurgitation. The operative procedure consists of have been done, either right or left sided or combined resection of the ventricular fibrosis including the valves and endocardiectomy and there is no doubt that a better auriculo-ventricular valve replacement 'by ;a prosthetic valve. The disease affects both Caucasians and Negros. Our experience knowledge of the clinical aspects of the disease will includes 5 cases. The indications for operation and their results increase the number of cases referred for treatment. are discussed. Pathology C ONSTRICTIVE FIBROUS ENDOCARDITIS, first described The development of fibrous endocarditis is similar in by Loeffler6 in 1936, consists of endocardial fibrosis all cases: it involves the filling chambers of one or several millimeters in thickness which is potentially both ventricles including the papillary muscles and constrictive and limited to the ventricular cavities. chordae tendinae of the mitral and tricuspid valves The clinical course is characterized by an evolution which themselves are included in the process in the towards cardiac insufficiency which may be predomi- majority of cases.8 nantly right or left sided leading rapidly to a fatal outcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of the Endocardium
    Pediatr Cardiol DOI 10.1007/s00246-010-9642-8 RILEY SYMPOSIUM Development of the Endocardium Ian S. Harris • Brian L. Black Received: 7 January 2010 / Accepted: 17 January 2010 Ó The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The endocardium, the endothelial lining of the cardiac crescent. We propose a third model that reconciles heart, plays complex and critical roles in heart develop- these two views and suggest future experiments that might ment, particularly in the formation of the cardiac valves resolve this question. and septa, the division of the truncus arteriosus into the aortic and pulmonary trunks, the development of Purkinje Keywords Endocardium Á Endothelial Á Heart fibers that form the cardiac conduction system, and the formation of trabecular myocardium. Current data suggest that the endocardium is a regionally specialized endothe- Overview of Cardiogenesis lium that arises through a process of de novo vasculogen- esis from a distinct population of mesodermal cardiogenic The cardiovascular system is the first organ system to form precursors in the cardiac crescent. In this article, we review and function in the vertebrate embryo. The heart forms recent developments in the understanding of the embryonic when regions of bilaterally symmetrical cardiac progenitor origins of the endocardium. Specifically, we summarize cells in the anterior lateral mesoderm fuse at the ventral vasculogenesis and specification of endothelial cells from midline to form a linear tube, which is continuous with the mesodermal precursors, and we review the transcriptional dorsal aorta anteriorly and the cardinal veins posteriorly pathways involved in these processes. We discuss the [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Structure of the Heart 2121
    8941d_c21.qxd 8/13/03 2:19 PM Page 249 mac 106 mac 106:Desktop Folder:211_sks: EXERCISE STRUCTURE OF THE HEART 2121 OBJECTIVES MATERIALS After completing this exercise, you should • human heart model be able to: • human torso or chart showing the pulmonary and • Describe the location and coverings of the heart systemic circulations and the three layers of the heart wall • colored pencils • Identify major features of cardiac muscle tissue on • preserved sheep heart (or other mammal heart) a prepared microscope slide • dissecting instruments, trays, disposable gloves, • Identify the major heart structures on models or 5-inch blade knife charts • compound microscope with cardiac muscle slide • Describe the flow of a drop of blood through the (for demonstration) pulmonary and systemic circulations, listing the vessels, chambers, and valves • Describe the changes that take place in the heart after birth • Identify the selected heart structures on a dissected sheep heart our heart beats without external stimulation and rests A. COVERINGS only between heart beats. The heart is a small double Ypump that simultaneously pumps blood to and from AND LAYERS body cells through the systemic circulation and to and from OF THE HEART the lungs through the pulmonary circulation. The heart is about the size of a fist and lies in the thoracic cavity. The base of the heart is the wide superior portion of the heart from which the great vessels emerge, and the apex of the heart is the inferior end pointing to the left. The heart is tilted at an angle so that its inferior surface lies against the diaphragm with two-thirds of the heart to the left side of the sternum.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
    Chapter © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC 5 NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Anatomy© Jonesand & Physiology Bartlett Learning, LLC of © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION the Cardiovascular System © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION OUTLINE Aortic arch: The second section of the aorta; it branches into Introduction the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and The Heart left subclavian artery. Structures of the Heart Aortic valve: Located at the base of the aorta, the aortic Conduction System© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLCvalve has three cusps and opens© Jonesto allow blood & Bartlett to leave the Learning, LLC Functions of the HeartNOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTIONleft ventricle during contraction.NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The Blood Vessels and Circulation Arteries: Elastic vessels able to carry blood away from the Blood Vessels heart under high pressure. Blood Pressure Arterioles: Subdivisions of arteries; they are thinner and have Blood Circulation muscles that are innervated by the sympathetic nervous Summary© Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC system. © Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC Atria: The upper chambers of the heart; they receive blood CriticalNOT Thinking FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Websites returning to the heart. Review Questions Atrioventricular node (AV node): A mass of specialized tissue located in the inferior interatrial septum beneath OBJECTIVES the endocardium; it provides the only normal conduction pathway between the atrial and ventricular syncytia.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire Fighter FACE Report No. F2005-16, Captain Suffers an Acute Aortic Dissection After Responding to Two Alarms and Subsequentl
    F2005 16 A Summary of a NIOSH fi re fi ghter fatality in ves ti ga tion August 24, 2005 Captain Suffers an Acute Aortic Dissection After Responding to Two Alarms and Subsequently Dies Due to Hemopericardium – Pennsylvania SUMMARY On January 21, 2004, a 35-year-old male vol- signifi cant risk to the safety and health of unteer Captain responded to two alarms: a mo- themselves or others. tor vehicle crash (MVC) with an injury, and a reported house fi re that turned out to be a false • Perform an annual physical performance alarm. Returning to the fi re station after the false (physical ability) evaluation to ensure alarm, he complained of not feeling well and went fi re fi ghters are physically capable of home. After being home about 15 minutes, he performing the essential job tasks of collapsed. The Captain was transported to the lo- structural fi re fi ghting. cal hospital and later fl own to a regional hospital for diagnostic testing. Despite having a cardiac • Phase in a mandatory wellness/fi tness pro- catheterization with coronary angiography, and a gram for fi re fi ghters to reduce risk factors chest computed tomography (CT) scan, his aortic for cardiovascular disease and improve dissection went undiagnosed. He was treated for cardiovascular capacity. bilateral pneumonia but his condition continued to deteriorate. Despite cardiopulmonary resus- • Ensure that fi re fi ghters are cleared for citation (CPR) and advanced life support (ALS), duty by a physician knowledgeable about the Captain was pronounced dead approximately the physical demands of fi re fi ghting, the 20 hours after his initial complaint.
    [Show full text]
  • Withinthefirst, Andbyfar the Moreprominentgroup Numerialily
    A PAT1HOLOGICAL STUDY OF PRIMARY MYOCARDIAL AMYLOIDOSIS * RALF M. LAISEN, A-B. (From dh Depwsmexs of Patkd.gy, Vanderbit Uxfsity Medical Sdtd, Naskhwe, Tenxa) There have been reported two distinct groups of cases in which amyloid infiltration of the heart has been observed. Within the first, and by far the more prominent group numerialily, is a series of cases such as those reported by Von Huebschmann," in which amyloid has been demonstrated in the hearts of patients affected by a generalized amyloidosis. In eight such cases investi- gated postmortem by Von Hueblmann only on microscopic in- vestigation was amyloid demonstrable within the myocardium, and in no case was its occurrence in this location assciated with spcific differential symptoms referable to the system involved. Micro- scopically, the myocardium was found to contain amyloid deposits within the connective tissue and vesse walls; rarely, it was de- monstrable in the valves and endocardium. In no instance was amyloid degeneration of the musde fibers observed. On the basis of his observations, this nvestigator concluded that the amyloid arises both by transformation of the connective tissue fibrils (into amyloid) as well as by an interpositional deposit. Commenting on this series in its review, Beneke and Bo2nning suggest that Von Huebschmann's observations are in agreement with all similar reported cases. But they advocate that in primary myocardial amyloidosis the peculiar nodular amyloid deposits in the heart are not only confined to the cllary walls, but are localized about the muscle fibers themselves. It is their opinion that the accumulation of amyloid in the ectoplasmic zone of individual tissue cels leads to complete cellular intubation by amyloid, and that cells in ts manner deprived of their nutrition undergo initon atrophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Cardiac Anatomy Relevant to Catheter Ablation
    CAOC01 9/18/07 2:35 PM Page 1 I Fundamentals CAOC01 9/18/07 2:35 PM Page 3 Overview of cardiac anatomy relevant to 1 catheter ablation Siew Yen Ho Every new diagnostic technique and every new surgical for appropriate clinical correlations. He termed the orienta- or interventional procedure in the heart leads to a review tion of the heart, seen in its living condition, as “attitudinal.” of the organ’s anatomy relevant to that particular tech- Since electrophysiologists “view” the patient with the nique or procedure. Although the anatomy of the heart heart in situ, it is essential that the attitudinal approach [3] has remained unchanged, the perspectives from which should be adopted when describing the spatial relation- clinicians can approach the heart have evolved through ships of chambers and structures. The names of the cham- the ages. Catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias is the bers remain unaltered, although right heart chambers are relatively “new boy on the block” that has led to a new not strictly to the right nor left heart chambers strictly to perception of cardiac anatomy in the normally structured the left. as well as the congenitally malformed heart. In this chap- The heart lies in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity, ter, I hope to provide an overview of the fundamentals in between the left and right lungs. When viewed from the anatomy of the normally structured heart, with emphasis front, the heart has a trapezoidal silhouette. Two-thirds of on features relevant to catheter ablation. Necessarily, much its bulk lies to the left of the midline of the chest, with its of the information is basic, although crucial to knowing apex directed to the left and inferiorly.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Issues in Infective Endocarditis Beverley C
    HISTORICAL REVIEW Emerging Issues in Infective Endocarditis Beverley C. Millar* and John E. Moore* Infective endocarditis, a serious infection of the endo- Endocarditis is usually curable provided an early diagno- cardium of the heart, particularly the heart valves, is asso- sis is made, and the patient receives the appropriate ciated with a high degree of illness and death. It generally antimicrobial treatment; the time needed for recovery is occurs in patients with altered and abnormal heart architec- approximately 6–8 weeks. The patient generally requires ture, in combination with exposure to bacteria through trau- long-term antimicrobial drugs (4–6 weeks), hospitaliza- ma and other potentially high-risk activities involving transient bacteremia. Knowledge about the origins of endo- tion, and in some cases, valve replacement. A number of carditis stems from the work of Fernel in the early 1500s, complications may be associated with the disease such as and yet this infection still presents physicians with major blood clots, stroke, heart rhythm problems, abscesses, and diagnostic and management dilemmas. Endocarditis is other infections. Infective endocarditis is associated with caused by a variety of bacteria and fungi, as well as emerg- severe illness and death and generally occurs in patients ing infectious agents, including Tropheryma whipplei, with altered and abnormal heart architecture who have Bartonella spp., and Rickettsia spp. We review the evolu- been exposed to bacteria through trauma and other poten- tion of endocarditis and compare its progression with dis- tially high-risk activities. coveries in microbiology, science, and medicine. In 1885, Sir William Osler presented three Gulstonian Lectures on the topic of malignant endocarditis, which ndocarditis is a noncontagious chronic infection of gave a comprehensive account of the disease and outlined Ethe valves or lining of the heart, mainly caused by the difficulties in its diagnosis (2).
    [Show full text]