AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

their languages of origin, and what are the new reasons for their particular language behaviour. Language use and maintenance in a non- LINCOM Studies in Vol. 28, 29 indigenous minority setting is important if one is to understand some of the factors involved in the Afroasiatic Linguistics community’s integration process, or the lack of it. Minority communities adopt a number of linguistic strategies for communication. In most cases, these linguistic strategies are dictated by both the social and linguistic environment the The Origin of Amharic non-indigenous minority finds itself living in. The book first looks at the sociolinguistic GIRMA AWGICHEW DEMEKE situation of Morocco in order to establish the Addis Ababa University linguistic background of this community. It then considers the British-Moroccans from a socio- There are basically two hypotheses on the origin of Amharic: it may be a descendent of a economic perspective to identify factors that may influence language shift behaviour. The common Proto-Ethiosemitic language or it may have evolved as a Semitic-based pidgin, empirical part of the book looks at linguistic as which became a creole and eventually developed into a full-fledged language. While the well as non-linguistic determinants such as those first hypothesis is commonly accepted in Semitic Studies, the second hypothesis, first that influence language choice, code-switching, proposed in the beginning of the 1980s, became quite popular very recently and even attitudes and use of languagespecific media. The study has two main hypotheses: first, the entered Amharic textbooks. British-Moroccan minority is undergoing a Girma A. Demeke’s present work thoroughly examines the arguments that seem to generational language shift, and second, typical suppose the origin of Amharic as a pidgin. Based on chronological, historical, Moroccan sociolinguistic patterns are reflected in geographical, and linguistic grounds, Girma clearly demonstrates that the pidgin hypothesis their language use. While the former hypothesis has, on the whole, proved correct, the latter did is blatantly implausible. Not only the linguistic data on Amharic provide strong arguments not hold true. against the pidgin hypothesis but also the relationship between Amharic and the remaining Ethiosemitic languages in general, and Argobba in particular, do not support it. ISBN 978 3 929075 63 2. LINCOM Studies Girma’s study on the origin of Amharic also discusses controversial issues about the in Sociolinguistic 08. 300pp. USD 93.70 / origin of the Ethiosemitic language group, which is of particular interest for Semitic EUR 76.20 / GBP 64.80. 2010. Studies, History and Anthropology. The book incorporates most of the accessible historical documents with regard to Amharic and the language situation in former Ethiopia, which Moroccan Secret also shed some light on the Ethiopian history in general. The book is very recommendable Languages: for all readers interested in the history of Ethiosemitic languages and their speakers. (Dr. Ronny Meyer, Associate Professor, Department of Ethiopian Languages and Literature Evidence from the ġuş Addis Ababa University). NASSER BERJAOUI ISBN 978 3 89586 689 0 (Hardbound). LINCOM Studies in Afroasiatic Linguistics 28. 356pp. USD Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco 165.10 / EUR 134.20 / GBP 114.10. 2009. This work, the fifth of a series of books on and the agentive morphemes /m/ or /n/ is Moroccan secret languages (the ġuş) of the The Stress System extrametrical, Marouane attributes this feature to Tafilalet (TSLs), the south-east of Morocco, all prosodic words’ final consonants. thoroughly investigates four categories of the of Berber In the literature, three features function as cues secret languages of the Tafilalet (TSLs), An Optimality-Theoretic Approach for the identification of stress. These are pitch, Morocco, namely the x….xərxəlləC, the x…Ca, loudness and duration. However, the presence of the x…ŗaCi and the x…xəyyuC families. In the YOUCEF HDOUCH these correlates either individually or collectively x….xərxəlləC category, a consonant of the word Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra depends on the language under study. is substituted by the consonant of the variety In AWTB, the examination of the native under usage (x). Then the new word is followed The objective of this book is to enrich the speakers’ realisations shows that stressed by a second copy of the consonant of the variety research on Berber stress by applying the OT syllables tend to be lengthier and louder than the (x), the syllable “ər”, a third copy of the same principles to account for stress assignment in unstressed ones. As a result, duration and consonant (x), the fragment “əllə” and the AWTB prosodic words. In fact, the aim is to loudness are the phonetic correlates of stress in substituted consonant (“C”). For instance, the show that the assumptions laid out in the non- this variety. word “mat” (die) is encoded in one variety of the linear metrical analyses are not completely The remainder of this book is organised as x….xərxəlləC family as “sat sərsəlləm”. In the wrong, but at the same time, that they do not follows. Chapter I reviews the three metrical x…Ca category, a consonant of the word is provide an adequate account of the surface facts treatments mentioned above. Inherent substituted by the consonant of the variety under of AWTB nouns and verbs. The interaction of deficiencies are pointed out. Chapter II presents a usage (x). Then the new word is followed by the different constraints is sufficient to account for description of the stress facts of AWTB nouns substituted consonant (“C”) and the vowel “a”. the location of stress in these grammatical and verbs. Finally, chapter III consists of an OT For instance, the word “ktab” (a book) is encoded categories. Focus will be placed on the prosodic account of the main issues raised by the facts of in one variety of the x…Ca type as “stab ka”. In status of the extraprosodic affixes and clitics. AWTB. the x…ŗaCi family, a consonant of the word is Actually, one of the least studied linguistic changed by the consonant of the variety under phenomena in Berber phonology is stress. Apart ISBN 978 3 929075 65 6. LINCOM Studies usage (x). from the impressionistic and linear treatments in Afroasiatic Linguistics 29. 118pp. USD Then the newly created word is followed by conducted by scholars who investigated the 66.70 / EUR 54.20 / GBP 46.10. 2010. the constant disguise element “ŗa”, the substituted metrics of different varieties of Berber (cf. Laoust consonant (“C”) and the vowel “i”. For example,

(1918 –1939), Apllegate (1958), Abdel-Massih the word “sarut” (a key) is secretised in one (1968), Prasse (1972), Chami (1979), Bounfour Maintenance of Non- variety of the x…ŗaCi family as “warut ŗasi”. In (1985), etc.), recent studies of Berber phonology the x….xəyyuC “ġuş”, a consonant of the word is conducted within the non-linear metrical indigenous Minorities: substituted by the consonant of the operating framework include Adnor (1995), Marouane The British-Moroccan variety (x). Then the new word is followed by the (1997) and Faizi (2002). disguise element “xəyyuC”, that is another copy Two notions lie at the heart of the last three Minority of the substituting consonant (x), the disyllabic “əyyu” and the substituted consonant of the word metrical accounts. The first one concerns syllable weight, a decisive factor in a number of stress (“C”). In this respect, the word “kla” (eat), for systems. In this respect, Marouane (op-cit.) and ABDESLAM JAMAI instance, is encoded as “sla səyyuk” in one Faizi (op-cit.) draw a distinction between Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco variety of the x….xəyyuC family. The present syllables headed by the epenthetic schwa, and book contains four parts, with each separately those headed by full vowels. The second notion This study investigates language use and investigating one family of the TSLs. Each part involves extraprosodicity. Only Adnor and maintenance among a non-indigenous minority in involves eight chapters, and a detailed Marouane make use of this concept. However, Britain with a view to finding out what role bibliography on secret languages is presented for while Adnor argues that the feminine suffix /t/ English plays in their lives, whether they still use research purposes.

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 99 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

ISBN 978 3 89586 179 6. Moroccan Arabic morphologists, sociolinguists, dialectologists, the Inversion “şawş”, the “nuġ” of traditional, Secret Languages 08. LINCOM Studies in arabicists, sociologists, graduate and post- popular singers, the butchers’ SL, the youth’s Afroasiatic Linguistics 24. 188pp. USD 92.90 / graduate students, for instance, focuses on the slang, Gnawa’s SL, prisoners’ SL, Traditional EUR 75.50 / GBP 64.20. 2008. secretising of a multitude of words, prepositions, Arabic grammar SL, proverbial SL, and fortune- verbs, phrases, clauses and sentences, for tellers’ SL. instance. For descriptive convenience, this study All the SLs are respectively illustrated below: Four Types proposes eight chapters and a detailed “žab” (bring) “žənnərgab”, “kas” (a glass) “sak”, bibliography. The substitution “ġuş”, which is the “mša” (he went) “fhət”, “εţih ġiŗ l-εđa” (give of the Moroccan ġuş main concern of this book and which involves him bones only) “εţih εlaš wagəf”, “bənt xayb-a” thirty-two varieties, operates through the mere (a bad girl) “walima”, “atay” (tea) “šoŗoŗo”, NASSER BERJAOUI and single replacement of a consonant of the “xəms-in dərhəm” (fifty dirhams) “xəđŗa”, “l- Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco word by a given consonant of the variety of the εyala-t” (the women) “žamε-u l-muənnat s- family “x”. In this family of the secret languages salim”, naşəŗ (Nasser, proper name) “nəyya-t l- This book is a follow-up to our detailed no additional disguise item follows the encoded εma y-şiß-h-a f εūkkāz-u w ŗayy l-ŗa lā t-šəddī- description and analysis of both corpora and rules word. Thus, the word “kla” (eat), for instance, is h (the blind trusts his walking cane, and disregard of the Moroccan Arabic secret languages of the encoded in one variety of the substitution “ġuş” the woman’s opinion!), ŗiđ” (he is sick) “gūl”. Tafilalet (TSLs), namely the “ġuş”. In this work, as “sla” and as “wla” in another one. One For practical purposes, the SLs will be four families of the TSLs are proposed, together extremely important aspect of the substitution investigated taking into account aspects of their with their varieties. The types are the x…xxəCC, secret language under study in this work is the phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and the x…xaCi, the x…xaCu and the x…xawiCa crucial effect of the context of use of the discourse analysis. families. These types, which branch into several language itself on the comprehension of the secret varieties, function separately. The x…xxəCC encounters, given the total absence of the disguise ISBN 978 3 86288 005 8. LINCOM Studies in type, for instance, secretises a given word like element, which would stand as the necessary key Afroasiatic Linguistics 31. USD 128.20 / EUR “mat” (die) as “sat ssəmm” or “fat ffəmm”, for for the genuine deciphering of the encoded word. 104.20 / GBP 88.60. 800 pp. 2010/IV. instance, depending on the encoding variety of the family in question. The x…xaCi category ISBN 978 3 89586 190 1. Moroccan Arabic modifies the same word as “sat sami” and “kat Secret Languages 05. LINCOM Studies in Notes on a Moroccan kami”. The x…xaCu type changes the word as Afroasiatic Linguistics 21. 160pp. USD 56.00 Arabic Secret Language of “sat samu” and “bat bamu”. The fourth family, / EUR 45.50 / GBP 38.70. 2008. namely the x…xawiCa “ġuş”, distorts the the Tafilalet: The X…RinCu relevant word as “tat tawima” and “wat wawima”. Notes on a Moroccan Family The present book proposes four parts and eight chapters describing many of the linguistic aspects Arabic Secret Language: of the TSLs. NASSER BERJAOUI The X…RinC Family Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco ISBN 978 3 89586 188 8. Moroccan Arabic Secret Languages 07. LINCOM Studies in NASSER BERJAOUI The fourth book discusses the rules Afroasiatic Linguistics 23. 400pp. USD 83.00 Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco governing the varieties of the x…rinCu / EUR 67.50 / GBP 57.40. 2008. family of the TSLs. The second book in the series focuses on ISBN 978 3 89586 326 4. Moroccan Arabic The Moroccan Arabic ġuş: the x…rinC family of the TSLs. Secret Languages 04. LINCOM Studies in Five Categories Afroasiatic Linguistics 19. 144pp. USD 73.20 ISBN 978 3 89586 389 9. Moroccan Arabic / EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2007. NASSER BERJAOUI Secret Languages 02. LINCOM Studies in Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco Afroasiatic Linguistics 17. 144pp. USD 73.20 Moroccan Secret / EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2007. Languages: So far, twelve families of the Moroccan Arabic Notes on a Moroccan Evidence from the Patterning and secret languages of the Tafilalet (TSLs), namely Arabic Secret Language: the Inversion “ġuş” the “ġuş”, were investigated in detail in several works. In this book, emphasis is on five other and The X…RinCa Family NASSER BERJAOUI different categories of the TSLs, namely the x…xawinCa, the x…xaxiCa, the x…xinxaC, the Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco x…xawiC and the x…ŗaC cases, together with NASSER BERJAOUI their intricate and numerous varieties. A sample Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco of two varieties from each of the families above In this work, the ninth in the series, focus will be respectively encode the word “ktab” (a book) as: The third book in the series presents a detailed on a detailed analysis of seven types of the “wtab wawinka” and “stab sawinka”, “btab account of the rules governing the varieties of the Moroccan Arabic (MA) “ġuş”, a secret language babika” and “ptab papika”, “ftab finfak” and x…rinCa family of the TSLs. that spreads in the region of the south-eastern part “dtab dindak”, “dtab dawik” and “htab hawik”, of Morocco known as the Tafilalet. The seven ISBN 978 3 89586 325 7. Moroccan Arabic “stab ŗak” and “vtab ŗak”. This book is organised types to be analysed in this work are: the l-CuCi Secret Languages 03. LINCOM Studies in in the realm of five parts that analyse the fuCi/l-CuCəC fuCəC, the mətt-CaCCi, the mətt- encoding operations in the TSLs with reference to Afroasiatic Linguistics 18. 144pp. USD 73.20 CaCCi trisa, the mətt-CaCCi tifərkusin, the mətt- several parts of speech and structures. / EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2007. CaCCi trisa/tifərkusin, the tə-CCiCi wiCi/tə- CCiCəC wiCəC and the Inversion cases. Seven ISBN 978 3 89586 189 5. Moroccan Arabic parts will constitute the book, with each part Secret Languages 06. LINCOM Studies in Secret Languages: analyzing each of the seven types of the “ġuş”. Afroasiatic Linguistics 22. 500pp. USD 92.90 The work separately studies the following aspects / EUR 75.50 / GBP 64.20. 2008. Evidence from of encodings in the seven secret languages: Moroccan Arabic sociolinguistic characteristics, the distortion of The Moroccan Arabic prefixless words, the effect of the encoding operations on morphologically inflected words, Substitution ġuş NASSER BERJAOUI the encoding of MA prepositions, the changes at Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco the level of the syntactic structures in MA, a sample of the daily-like uses of the secret NASSER BERJAOUI In this book, we will scrutinize the operations at Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco languages in question through discursive samples, work in ten Moroccan Arabic (MA) secret a detailed presentation of the rules of the seven languages (SLs) of the region of El-Jadida, This book, which is the eighth of a series of languages, and the delivery of messages rates in Morocco. For this purpose, we will target both the languages in question. The work is designed works on Moroccan Arabic secret languages, structural SLs (SSLs) and Non-structural secret proposes an extremely detailed account of the for students of linguistics, typologists, languages (NSSLs). The former category refers to sociolinguists and linguists, for instance. “ġuş”, a secret language of one region in the languages that change the structural aspects of south-east of Morocco, the Tafilalet. The words as in Pig Latin, for instance. The latter is ISBN 978 3 89586 207 6. Moroccan Arabic language in question contains a rich number of associated with communicative means using non- Secret Languages 09. LINCOM Studies in varieties. This work, which addresses linguistic structural changes, like the usual slang. SSLs Afroasiatic Linguistics 25. 363pp. USD 92.90 areas of main concern to linguists, phonologists, under scrutiny are: the Pseudo-Infixation “ġawş”, / EUR 75.50 / GBP 64.20. 2009.

100 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

The X…XəyyuC Family of participles. Chapter five is concerned with the is typically Semitic. Syntactic structures and the encoding of long, short and lengthened parts of TMA system have remained largely unexplored. Moroccan Secret speech. Chapter six aims at a description of the The grammatical description offered in LW/M encoding of phrases, clauses and sentences. is based on the language of narrative texts with Languages Chapter seven mirrors the uses of the TSLs in mythological context of the Old Babylonian everyday encounters. Chapter eight presents a period (the first half of the second millennium NASSER BERJAOUI detailed account of the rules governing the B.C.). Considering the state of the art and the Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco varieties of the x…xinCa family of the TSLs. frame and goals of this series, the authors have confined themselves to a brief model of the This book, which is the tenth of a series of works language and to defining the basic linguistic ISBN 978 3 89586 886 3. Moroccan Arabic strategies of Akkadian. As such, it may also serve on Moroccan Arabic secret languages, proposes Secret Languages 01. LINCOM Studies in an extremely detailed account of the "ġuş", a as a guide to Semitic grammatical concepts. Afroasiatic Linguistics 03. 130pp. USD 73.20 All levels of the grammar of this language are secret language of one region in the south-east of / EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2007. Morocco, the Tafilalet. The language in question treated together for the first time: graphonology, contains a rich number of varieties. This work, morphology, micro- and macro-syntax (characterizing different textemes). Some which addresses linguistic areas of main concern Language Use and to graduate and post-graduate students, linguists, attention is given to linguistic variation, phonologists, morphologists, sociolinguists, Makkan and Madinan acknowledging the (albeit small) diversity within dialectologists, arabicists and sociologists, the time-space continuum of the texts which focuses on the secretising of a multitude of Revelations constitute this corpus. A short description of the words, prepositions, verbs, phrases, clauses and A Comparative Study cuneiform script will aim at giving some hint of sentences, for instance. For descriptive the problems in adducing linguistic data. This grammatical description is written with a convenience, this study proposes eight chapters SAMIA LOCATE and a detailed bibliography. Chapter one is systemic, structural perception of language in concerned with major previous works related to University of Leeds mind, which yields novel concepts in modern secret languages worldwide, for instance. Chapter presentation. It is intended first and foremost for two introduces major sociolinguistic notions of Makkan and Madinan Revelations aims to linguists for whom the language is inaccessible the "ġuş". Chapter three investigates the encoding provide an in-depth study of the Makkan and for various reasons and for Semitists whose of prefixless words. Chapter four analyses the Madinan revelations of the Qur’an in terms of expertise is not in Akkadian. However, encoding of prefixed items. Chapter five structure, themes, linguistic, stylistic and textual Assyriologists will benefit from it as well, as this scrutinizes the secretising of prepositions. analysis of the suras. The main objective of these description is unique in its linguistic presentation, Chapter six aims at a description of the encoding analyses is to make the contents of the Qur’an revealing important details unknown heretofore. of syntactic structures. Chapter seven illustrates more accessible by the modern reader. the use of the "ġuş" in everyday-like Firstly to represent the context in which the ISBN 3 89586 738 1. Languages of the conversations. Chapter eight presents a detailed revelations took place, an account of the World/Materials 81. 60pp. USD 66.30 / EUR account of the rules governing all the varieties of historical background of the two towns Makka 53.90 / GBP 45.80. 2004. and Madina at the time of the Prophet himself is the x…xəyyuC family with reference to all MA words, phrases, clauses and sentences and a given. The present discussion presents the Qur’an detailed account of the data. In one variety of the in terms of its composition and its status as a Extraprosodicity and x….xəyyuC "ġuş" a consonant of the word is Holy Scripture compared to the previous other substituted by the consonant of the operating two Scriptures. Thus, an insight into the Makkan Syllable Structure in variety (x). Then the new word is followed by the suras has been provided: Outlines of its structure, disguise element "xəyyuC", that is another copy themes, peculiarities, and textual analysis in terms Berber of the substituting consonant (x), the disyllabic of tenets of faith of some selected Makkan suras have been dealt with. Similarly, an insight into An Optimality-theoretic Analysis "əyyu" and the substituted consonant of the word (C). In this respect, the word “kla” (eat), for the Madinan suras has also been provided along instance, is encoded in one variety of the with structural, thematic and textual analysis of YOUCEF HDOUCH x….xəyyuC "ġuş" as "sla səyyuk". some selected Madinan suras. Other concepts Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra such as the ‘coherence in the Qur’an’, ‘nazm in ISBN 978 3 89586 130 7. Moroccan Arabic the Qur’an’ and ‘icjaz al-Qur’an’ which are Secret Languages 10. LINCOM Studies in looked at in terms of conceptual chaining This study is concerned with the applicability Afroasiatic Linguistics 27. 182pp. USD 75.30 between adjacent suras and ayas have been of the notion of extraprosodicity in analysing / EUR 61.20 / GBP 52.00. 2008. developed in this study. aspects of syllable structure of a variety of Tamazight spoken in El ksiba Ait Wirra The present study provides intriguing comparative and contrastive analyses of the Tamazight Berber (Henceforth AWTB). A Moroccan Arabic Secret Makkan and Madinan suras from Muslim and Extraprosodicity simply means that syllable- Language: The X…XinCa non-Muslim perspectives which led to 28 highly building rules are blind to incorporating certain valuable observations about the study of the two edge constituents into the structures they build. In Family phases of revelation. The author's approach has the case of syllable structure, the extraprosodicity thus become different from classical classification model uses the notion of Extrasyllabicity. NASSER BERJAOUI of the suras. It is now based on suras structure, Three reasons stand behind the exploration of Extraprosodicity. First, this concept has received Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco themes and text linguistics. little attention from Berberists. The works that have dealt with cases involving Extraprosodicity ISBN 978 3 58986 392 9. LINCOM Textual and its relevance to Tamazight syllable structure Analyses 01. 269pp. USD 87.60 / EUR 71.20 / The present work studies one category (family) of are Bader (1985), Adnour (1994) and Faizi GBP 60.50. 2009. the Moroccan Arabic Secret Languages of the (2002). Second, the treatments propounded in Tafilalet (TSLs), the south-east of Morocco. In these studies have failed to come up with an this family, which involves thirty-three varieties, account that is explanatorily adequate, since a consonant of the word is substituted by the Literary Old Babylonian Extraprosodicity is considered a tool to account consonant of the variety. Then the new word is SHLOMO IZRE'EL (Tel-Aviv University) only for irregular cases where schwa epenthesis is followed by the consonant of the TSL, the blocked. Third, the analyses undertaken in these RAN OHEN element “in”, the substituted consonant (that of & E C (The Hebrew works consider Extraprosodicity a language- the word) and the vowel “a”. For instance, the University, Jerusalem) specific mechanism. Thus, they fail to recognize word “ktab” (a book) is encoded in one variety of it as the result of the interaction of more general the TSLs as “stabsinka” and as “wtabwinka” in Akkadian is a cover term for the Semitic constraints pertaining to Universal Grammar. another one. languages of ancient Mesopotamia, constituting In this book, beside relying on the assumptions of The book involves eight chapters and a the eastern branch of the Semitic family. Standard Non-linear Generative Phonology, we detailed bibliography for secret languages Akkadian, the most ancient Semitic linguistic basically assume the conception of grammar as research. The first chapter presents major continuum attested, was written in the cuneiform proposed within Optimality Theory (henceforth previous works on the topic, like the French script, mainly on clay tablets. OT). It is within the general framework of OT Verlan, for instance. Chapter two introduces It is attested from the third millennium B.C. to (McCarthy and Prince (op.cit.) and Prince and major sociolinguistic aspects of the TSLs with the third century A.D. Linguistic research of Smolensky (op.cit.) and later development, reference to such aspects as sex, age and Akkadian has been relatively scanty, and namely Correspondence Theory - that we attempt locations, for example. Chapter three investigates grammatical descriptions of any of the attested an analysis of some aspects of AWTB word the encoding operations of prefixless words, like languages and dialects were aimed primarily for morphophonology that motivate the use of nouns and adjectives. Chapter four scrutinizes the didactic purposes. Research has concentrated on Extraprosodicity. encoding of prefixed items like verbs and passive phonology, and especially on morphology, which In fact, the basic principles of OT will be

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 101 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES applied to explain the interaction between The government of Morocco is encouraging participle, active participle, plural of paucity, prosodic phenomena such as syllabification, vernacular literacy and thus is involved in plural of multitude, the feminine noun, and the epenthesis and affixation, a morphological representing Berber in some sort of written form. phonetic form of a given lexical item. It also process. To explain, some prosodic words’ final To this end, a thorough phonological analysis is investigates rigorously the different levels of syllables end in a sequence of three consonants, a essential in order to formulate a practical set of linguistic analysis in the light of the modern structure not permitted word internally. phonemic characters, or alphabet, for maximal European linguistic theory of text linguistics. Monoconsonantal coronal nominal affixes and facility in future reading and spelling. Hopefully, Consonance in the Qur’an provides 11 verbal clitics create these sequences. The second this work can assist in this worthy effort. linguistic levels of analysis as well as 10 sub- chunk of the feminine morpheme /t ----- t/, the levels of Arabic discourse. These include: (i) the third masculine / feminine object clitics /t/ and ISBN 978 3 89586 129 1. LINCOM Studies in grammatical level which accounts for the /tt/, the second part of the 2nd person pronoun /t - Afroasiatic Linguistics 26. 183pp. USD 85.40 grammatical features of modification, word order, -- d/ and the orientation index /d/ give rise to / EUR 69.40 / GBP 59.00. 2008. grammatical form of words, and grammatical clusters of three consonants when attached to functions of words, (ii) the stylistic level which nominal and verbal stems respectively. accounts for the stylistic feature of antithesis, Koptisch - Ein Leitfaden shift in cohesive devices, and selection of words, ISBN 978 3 89586 138 3. LINCOM Studies in (iii) the lexical level which accounts for lexical Afroasiatic Linguistics 20. 180pp. USD 83.00 durch das Saïdische variation, (iv) the semantic level which

/ EUR 67.50 / GBP 57.40. 2008. investigates the semantic componential features ANDREA EBERLE unter Mitarbeit von of words, semantic connectivity among sentences REGINE SCHULZ or macro texts, the semantic connectivity between Texts For Linguistic Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München / a word and a leitmotif, and the collocation of Analysis: Glossed The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore concepts, (v) the phrase level which deals with the occurrence of refrains, (vi) the contextual Narratives in Tarifit Berber Coptic, belonging to the Afroasiatic languages, is level which accounts for the impact of context on the final development of the ancient Egyptian the juxtaposition of leitmotifs, (vii) the co-textual CLIVE W. MCCLELLAND III language. It is derived from the popular tongue of level which accounts for the grammatical Liberty University the so called New Empire and uses the Greek construction, stylistic variation, the ad hoc alphabet complemented with six letters from selection of words, and morphological form of The value of "raw data" is an essential one: to Demotic, an earlier form of Egyptian writing words, (viii) the thematic level which investigates provide students and professors linguistic data since the 7th century B.C. the linear order of themes, (ix) the letter and word that can be examined and analyzed in context, Beginning with the 1st century A.D. Coptic level which accounts for stylistic symmetry and whether the study is phonological or grammatical. writing started to replace the complicated rhyme phrases, (x) the level of formulaic This value is profound in the context of current Hieroglyphic system and became the official expressions, and (xi) the phonetic level which linguistics where "contrived" data devoid of written language during the 3rd century by the accounts for phonological features of words. context is de rigueur. As much as is possible, spread of Christianity and Christian texts. In Consonance in the Qur’an is a vital source for analyses ought to be "data-led" where conclusions addition to this, gnostic, Manichaean and profane linguistics and Islamic studies students and for are suggested after careful and methodical texts are important parts of Coptic literature. researchers. It provides an empirical textual, investigation. Then one may properly After the Arabian conquest of Egypt in 641 A.D. grammatical, semantic, stylistic, and phonetic posit well-grounded linguistic theory. and the spread of the Islam, Coptic was analysis of Arabic. Consonance in the Qur’an Toward furthering these aims, stories from abandoned as colloquial and written language in investigates linguistic structuring at the micro and Tarifit Berber native speakers were collected over favour of Arabic even by the Christian macro levels of Arabic. In order to show the a ten year period. They represent a couple of population. Until now Coptic is used as liturgical reader how conceptual and intertextual links are dialects within the Tarifit-speaking region in language of the Coptic Church. maintained within a text, this book provides a northeastern Morocco. They are transcribed The present volume is an introduction to textual bird’s-eye view of the thematic and phonetically, with morpheme-by-morpheme Sahidic Coptic, the starting-point for any coptic leitmotif compartments which are the constituent glosses, syllable divisions, and a free translation. study. The emphasis has been put on basic units of the macro text. Along with the printed versions, the sound files matters relevant to the needs of the beginner. of each of these stories are provided on an The volume contains: the basic structure of the ISBN 3 89586 801 9 (Hardbound). Languages enclosed compact disk. morphology with special reference to the verbal of the World 34. 334pp. USD 146.70 / EUR It is hoped that this compilation will provide a system; the principles of the different syntactical 119.30 / GBP 101.40. 2005. "target-rich" environment for practical linguistic constructions (main and subordinate clauses - research for students as well as teachers, and that both with translated examples); a sample text with this manner of glossing will help set a better interlinear phonetic transcription and translation; Qur’anic Stylistics standard for presenting linguistic data. Plus text an extensive bibliography with references to more A Linguistic Analysis as audio files on CD-ROM. specialized literature and an index. This comprehensive introduction in Coptic is HUSSEIN ABDUL-RAOF ISBN 978 3 89586 125 3. Languages of the based on the experience of almost a decade of University of Leeds World/Text Collections 28. 186pp., incl. CD- continuous teaching and was also used ROM. USD 95.70 / EUR 77.80 / GBP 66.10. successfully for self-studies. (written in German) Stylistic variation is the colourful manifestation

2008. of language. It is an intriguing linguistic ISBN 3 89586 022 0. Languages of the World/Materials 07. 109pp. USD 63.80 / EUR phenomenon that can take place at different levels A Phonological Analysis of 51.90 / GBP 44.10. 2004. of language as it has been found in Qur’anic genre. Stylistic shift can occur within the Tarifit Berber sentence boundary at both the micro and the Consonance in the macro levels. In the micro text, stylistic variation CLIVE W. MCCLELLAND III occurs at the morpheme, word, and sentence Liberty University Qur’an levels. However, in the macro text, stylistic A Conceptual, Intertextual and change can occur at the macro textual level This study is a basic functionalist phonological beyond the sentence boundary. In other words, Linguistic Analysis stylistically different sentences are found at analysis of Tarifit Berber, a mostly unwritten language spoken in northeastern Morocco. It different texts far away from each other. Stylistic reveals this language’s phonological HUSSEIN ABDUL-RAOF variation mirrors language behaviour and the “boundaries” which “stretch” in language- University of Leeds manipulation of the linguistic tools and strategies specific ways. available to the text producer. Stylistic variation Presentation is with two audiences in mind: Consonance in the Qur’an provides an in-depth in Qur’anic Arabic occurs for a good reason and the informed linguist who is already familiar with text linguistic analysis of Qur’anic discourse. The is context and co-text sensitive. Context and co- phonological principles and practices, and the lexicogrammatical selections, intertextual text are the linguistic habitat for stylistic shift. interested student. For the latter, the author has meaning relations, the textual notions of The surrounding grammatical, semantic, and defined technical terms, mainly in footnotes, and conceptual connectivity and intertextuality are phonetic environment has a direct impact upon described in detail all of the steps used in expounded with variegated examples. This text the linguistic behaviour of Qur’anic genre. This is analyses. Also, included is a short description of linguistic approach is a vital source for literary due to the fact that the text unfolds in a given the grammar with morpheme-by-morpheme semiotics. The textual feature of consonance context of situation. glosses of all examples. contributes effectively in the conceptual thrust of Therefore, the distinctive stylistic patterns are The purpose is two-fold: (1) to provide the text. This book provides a detailed account of influenced by the contextual and co-textual students and teachers a language description for inter and intra-sentence consonance in Arabic. It factors. A linguistic-stylistic exploration of use in undergraduate and graduate courses, and explicates the impact of contextual and co-textual sentence patterns illuminates the reader’s (2) to aid in the development of this language. factors upon the occurrence of the verb, passive appreciation of the grammatical and semantic

102 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES subtleties underpinning the distinct meanings of Then the Amharic data is analysed within a anew the use of the Perfect at the earlier stages of two stylistically different but structurally identical cross-linguistic context in order to uncover deep the development of Akkadian. The Perfect being sentences. A linguistic investigation of the and underlying grammatical properties. The book a component of the single aspect-tense verbal stylistic patterns of language also unearths the would interest theoretical and descriptive system, its usage was to be studied along with underlying signification of two stylistically linguists studying the interface between lexical that of the Present and Preterite. distinct sentences. The present analysis attempts semantics and morphosyntax. As it explores the The detailed analysis of all the verb contexts to provide an insight into the resourceful stylistic relationship between conceptual structure and in the letters of Hammurapi and in the Code of and linguistic strategies of Arabic. The book language, the book would also be of interest to Hammurapi has led to the following conclusions. sharpens up the reader’s awarness of the exotic psycholinguists and researchers interested in the In the texts under discussion as in the Old stylistic patterns that are semantically-oriented. mental lexicon. Babylonian dialect in general the three These stylistic structures can be realized through conjugated forms could express the action of any various linguistic processes that are specific to ISBN 3 89586 404 8. LINCOM Studies in time and aspect. The difference lies, in the first Arabic. The resourceful mechanism can be a Afroasiatic Linguistics 06. 160pp. USD 83.30 place, in the frequency of their use in this or that useful linguistic tool to achieve various / EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2002. aspect-tense function. But this difference is so communicative functions with different semantic great in a number of cases that one can speak of significations. The present account of Qur’anic certain aspect-tense functions as attached to a genre explores how grammatical acceptability and If particular verb form. semantic syntax are interrelated to stylistic Conditional Sentences in Comparing Old Babylonian with later variation in Arabic. This work provides an in- Contemporary Hebrew Structure, Akkadian dialects shows that the aspect-tense depth explicated analysis of stylistic variation in Meaning, and Usage of Tenses system was constantly changing. It is best seen on Qur’anic genre. the relations of the Preterite and Perfect within the past. A clear tendency is observed of the TALI BAR Perfect becoming the form of the punctive in the Contents: past in affirmative sentences (or main clauses) The book deals with Contemporary Hebrew Linguistic and Stylistic Expressions and the Preterite into the form of the punctive in Conditional Sentences, classified from a Introduction the past in subordinate clauses. structural point of view. The changes within the aspect-tense system Chapter One: Linguistic and Textual Features of The Hebrew language is rich in conditional were penetrating into the texts of various genres Qur’anic Discourse expressions, simple and complex. Conditionality not evenly but depending on the closeness of this is expressed there by various means, specific Chapter Two: Syntactic Changes and Stylistic or that written genre to the spoken language. This conjunctions on the one hand, and negators and Variation seems to explain the uneven distribution of the adverbial subordinators on the other hand. 2.1 Introduction Perfect in different texts: being an innovation of Conditional sentences are among the most 2.2 Types of Syntactic Change Akkadian, the Perfect is more frequent in the complicated of structures. They contain a great texts which are closer to the spoken language. Chapter Three: Contextual and Co-Textual variety of subtlety of nuances; some constructions It has long been debated on which time and Factors are transparent, in which the condition is tense should be applied to translate protases of 3.1 Introduction expressed in typical patterns, and in others the the law clauses of the Code of Hammurapi. The 3.2 Context and Lexis conditional meaning is implied from the context. author is of the opinion that most protases of the 3.3 Co-Text and Lexis The tense and mood system there, characterized law clauses of the Code of Hammurapi should be 3.4 Phonetic Factors by complex tenses and by shifting to the past, is translated by the past. Her arguments are as different from that found elsewhere. These issues Chapter Four: Cohesion Network and Stylistic follows. The law part of the Code of Hammurapi are discussed here. Shift as a whole can be considered as the main clause The book is aimed and intended to introduce 4.1 Introduction of a complex sentence whose subordinate clause the structural, semantic, contextual, and stylistic 4.2 Ellipsis of time placed in the Introduction of the Code of aspects of the Present-Day Hebrew Conditionals. 4.3 Substitution Hammurapi refers to the past. So the main clause It provides a short presentation of their logical seems to refer to the past as well. When used Chapter Five: Discourse Variation aspect without being sidetracked to areas together in one šumma-clause of a protasis the 5.1 Introduction irrelevant to the linguistic discussion, and it Preterite as a rule denotes a prior action while the 5.2 Grammatical Incongruity clarifies their boundaries as a linguistic category. Perfect — a posterior one. An analogous 5.3 Semantic Incongruity The description and conclusions are based on phenomenon is observed in the Old Babylonian 5.4 Semantic Redundancy evidence taken from a wide and diverse corpus, letters in sentences (or main clauses) describing 5.5 Selectional Restrictions which gives a comprehensive coverage of the past events. In the subordinate clauses of protases 5.6 Repetition language. Dealing with conditionality, the author the punctive is expressed as a rule by the also briefly discusses some other important traits Chapter Six: Motifs and Stylistic Patterns Preterite. In Akkadian the punctive of subordinate of the language, such as the modal usage of the 6.1 Introduction clauses expressed by the Preterite generally Hebrew infinitive; the relation between 6.2 Motif and Stylistic Shift referred to the past. coordination and subordination and general Conclusion, Bibliography, Index features of the Hebrew tense system. ISBN 3 89586 692 X. LINCOM Studies in Afroasiatic Linguistics 09. 130pp. USD 83.30 ISBN 3 89586 817 5. Languages of the World / EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2002. 32. 250pp. USD 98.00 / EUR 79.70 / GBP ISBN 3 89586 700 4. LINCOM Studies in 67.70. 2004. Afroasiatic Linguistics 12. 130pp. USD 83.30 / EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2003. The Maltese Language of Verb Classes and Australia - Maltraljan Transitivity in Amharic Use of aspect-tense verbal forms in Akkadian texts of RODERICK BOVINGDON

MENGISTU AMBERBER the Hammurapi period This is a comprehensive linguistic study of the The University of New South Wales (1792—1750 B.C.) Maltese language of Australia known as Maltraljan (Ausmaltese) as it has evolved over The book provides a detailed analysis of verb the last seventy years of Maltese migration to classes and transitivity alternations in the GOLDA H. KAPLAN Australia. Ethiosemitic language Amharic. It investigates Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian The first two chapters outline the historical, the lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg sociological, political and linguistic framework in properties of a number of constructions including which this continuing phenomenon has causatives, passives, applicatives, and experiencer The conjugated forms traditionally named as the developed. A select glossary of some nine predicates. Present, Preterite and Perfect are the main hundred headwords with several derivations and The lexical semantic analysis of the verbs components of the Akkadian aspect-tense verbal variations added thereto, comprises chapter three appeals to the theory of Conceptual Semantics as system. The existence of the Akkadian Perfect - the core of the entire work. This lexical developed by Ray Jackendoff. Thus, the study and the peculiarities of its usage had been the presentation includes, for the first time ever in the assumes a decompositional approach to the subject of lengthy discussion. When studying the lexical study of Maltese, phonemic transcriptions meaning of lexical items in which the meaning of Perfect in the Middle Assyrian dialect the author for every entry. No Maltese dictionary or glossary a given lexical item is decomposed into smaller came to the conclusion that the use of the Perfect to date has ever gone into such linguistic depth. universal conceptual primitives. Each chapter in that dialect should have been explained a way In addition to this, the glossary presents an in- begins with a succinct introduction of the different from that suggested by W. von Soden depth, though general analysis, of the main Amharic data under investigation and a concise (Grundriss der Akkadischen Grammatik. Roma features of Maltraljan (viz. phonological, statement of the theoretically relevant issues. 1952; 19953). Thus, the necessity arose to check semantic, morphological, syntactic, as well as

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 103 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES examples for each entry of conversational usage for each term and the respective provenance A Detailed Analysis when this is known.) A considerable bibliography is added, of Moroccan Secret Languages providing the researcher and student with ample cross-reference for both cross-checking as well as for further research. NASSER BERJAOUI Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco

ISBN 3 89586 331 9. Languages of the World The aim of this work is to analyze fourteen Moroccan Arabic (MA) “secret languages” 16. 130 pp. USD 78.60 / EUR 63.90 / GBP (“SLs”). These spread in the Moroccan regions of Azrou, Dar El Gueddari, Kénitra, 54.30. 2001. Khémisset and Souk Larbaa (Cf. the relevant map in the map index). This study is a

follow-up of ten previous books on MASLs. In this study, we will tackle the secretizing of Comparative Morphology numerous types of MA structures with a consideration of prefixless words, prefixed of Standard and Egyptian affirmative forms, prefixed negated items, miscellaneous functional words, and syntactic Arabic structures. The fourteen SLs are classified in terms of their secretizing mechanisms: seven Inversion SLs, four Substitution-Pseudo-Suffixation SLs, two Pseudo-Infixation SLs and HASSAN A. H. GADALLA one Re-Patterning SL. Assiut University

The major concern of this book is the ISBN 978 3 929075 77 9 (Hardbound). LINCOM Handbooks in Linguistics 24. 1006pp. USD comparison of the morphological aspects of 240.30 / EUR 179.00 / GBP 169.10. 2010/IV. Standard Arabic (SA) and Egyptian Arabic (EA). It is divided into five chapters. Chapter One travail et les choix codiques. Les conclusions provides a phonological outline of SA and EA. It tirées de cette recherche décrivent comment les also analyses morphological basics and the revendications idéologiques transparaissent dans morphosyntactic preliminaries of the two les choix opérés de langues lors des alternances Grammars varieties. Chapter Two is devoted to the codiques et ouvrent la discussion du lien entre morphology of triradical and quadriradical verbs. l’identité linguistique et le symbolisme projeté Inor In addition, the inflection of verbs for par l’espace. aspect/mood and voice and a treatment of verbal De la Médina à la Ville Nouvelle est la BERHANU CHAMORA & ROBERT affixes and verb derivation are provided. première étude ethnolinguistique consacrée à la Chapter Three deals with the morphology of « mise en mots » écrite et orale d’appartenances HETZRON primary and deverbal nouns. Moreover, the collectives à un espace postcolonial en Afrique du divergence between definite and indefinite nouns Nord. Inor is a Gurage dialect (South-Ethiopian and the inflection of nouns for case, gender and Semitic) spoken in South Central Ethiopia by about 156, 000 speakers. It is one of the most number are explained. The formation of the ISBN 978 3 89586 687 6. LINCOM Studies in diminutive is also illustrated. Chapter Four complex and least understood Ethiopian Semitic Ethnolinguistics 01. 203pp. USD 83.00 / EUR languages. handles the morphology of adjectival stems. 67.50 / GBP 57.40. 2007. Then, the difference between definite and This monograph provides a sketch of the indefinite adjectives and the inflection of phonology, morphology, morphosemantics and adjectives for case, gender, number and degree ETUDE CONTRASTIVE syntax of Inor. It presents a synchronic are analyzed. Furthermore, participial forms and description of its consonantal alternations, as relational adjectives are discussed. Chapter Five observed in verbs, and establish its phonemic ARABE /FRANÇAIS system. We show that Inor verbs select one of is related to the morphology of closed-list classes, CAS DE LA RELATIVE including pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, as well two basic patterns: short and long. This division applies to both sound (or transparent) verbs, such as interrogative and responsive particles. Finally, HOURIYA BOUARICH negative and possessive particles are exhibited. as səpər 'break' and girətəß 'cut into two', and weak (or opaque) verbs, such as aər 'make a Ibn Tofail University, Kénitra, Morocco fence' and birəə 'run off suddenly'. A brief ISBN 3 8958 697 2 4. LINCOM Studies in Cette étude porte sur une comparaison du description of the morphosemantics of verb Afroasiatic Linguistics 05. 264pp. USD fonctionnement syntaxique des relatives en arabe derivations is also put forth. An overview of the 113.50 / EUR 92.30 / GBP 78.50. 2000. et en français. L’attention est focalisée, complex suffixal system is also provided. Finally, principalement, dans le cas de la langue arabe, sur most basic syntactic structures are discussed, as De la Médina à la Ville Nouvelle: « LLadi » et ses dérivés dont les équivalents en are issues such as tenses and negation. langue française sont à la fois les pronoms relatifs The monograph contains data and analyses étude ethnolinguistique des simples et composés. Toutefois, pour des raisons which will be of interest to specialists in general choix codiques dans l’espace de commodités méthodologiques, seuls «qui» et linguistics, as well as to students of Ethiopian, «que» sont pris en compte. Semitic and African languages. urbain de Fes (Maroc) Le travail s’est astreint à l’arabe et au français, SAMIRA HASSA deux langues éloignées l’une de l’autre tant au ISBN 3 89586 977 5. Languages of the niveau morphosyntaxique qu’au niveau World/Materials 118. 70pp. USD 51.80 / EUR University of Illinois at Urbana- phonologique, vu leur appartenance respective 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2000. Champaign, aux familles Chamito-sémitique et Indo- Européenne. L’objectif de ce travail est de montrer l’existence Ce travail consiste surtout à montrer que Palestinian Rural de liens étroits entre l’identité territoriale certains faits syntaxiques (la détermination, collective dite « culturelle » et les choix l'anaphore, l'adjectivisation …), caractérisent la Arabic linguistiques qui s'opèrent dans la ville de Fes. relative et lui apportent un éclaircissement (Abu Shusha dialect) Dans cette recherche, on constate que l’histoire certain. du Maroc a également transformé le paysage Par ailleurs, chez les anciens grammairiens KIMARY N. SHAHIN toponymique de la ville. L’étude toponymique arabes, la relative n'obéit à aucune longitudinale montre l’affaiblissement progressif systématisation ou souci de classification, en ce University of British Columbia de la présence française dans les toponymes. Les sens qu'ils traitent une question donnée tantôt aller-retour opérés entre les évènements d'un point de vue syntaxique, tantôt d'un point de The sketch describes a rural (fellahi) dialect of historiques et les changements de dénominations vue sémantique. Aussi, leur entreprise comporte- Palestinian Arabic. The dialect is that of the pre- transparaissent donc dans la sémiotique de la ville t-elle un mélange de syntaxe, de sémantique et de 1948 Palestine village of Abu Shusha. There are de Fes ce qui, est à mettre en parallèle avec la logique. Ceci est dû au fait que trois disciplines se an estimated 1000 speakers of this dialect living politique d'arabisation du pays. sont conjuguées pour marquer leur esprit : le in Ramallah (West Bank), Amman (Jordan), New La seconde partie est consacrée à l’analyse "fiqh" ; le "kala" et la logique. Ces disciplines ont Jersey (USA) and a few other places. Abu Shusha des instances transcodiques (arabe marocain, permis à ces grammairiens d'avoir une vue fellahi is an endangered variety of Arabic. This is arabe médian, arabe standard, et français) dans le d'ensemble des données de la langue arabe, et par due to the original dispersian of its speakers and discours des couturiers et des professeurs d’arabe, là, de comprendre ses mécanismes généraux. the resulting inter-dialect contact, the increasing deux professions marquées par des clivages age of its speakers and pressure from Standard homme/femme et révélatrices du niveau social ISBN 978 3 89586 227 4. Languages of the Arabic (as on all non-urban varieties of the des ouvriers et de la classe moyenne .Le but est World 36. 132pp. USD 68.30 / EUR 55.50 / language) to conform to more urban and educated de voir les corrélations entre la variable espace de GBP 47.20. 2008. speech.

104 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

This dialect has not been documented before. primary languages, i.e., the spectrum of West Mesopotamian school system as a language of Like all Arabic colloquials, it is unwritten. The Semitic dialects spoken in Canaan. As a result of high culture for almost two thousand more years. present sketch addresses the general need for this language contact, all levels of the linguistic A language-isolate, Sumerian has no obvious dialectology work on Palestinian Arabic. It also structure were affected, especially in the domains relatives. addresses the call for data to permit much needed of syntax and morphology, creating a marked Typologically, Sumerian is quite different comparative work in Arabic syntax and similarity between this mixed Canaano-Akkadian from the Semitic languages which followed it in phonology. diplomatic language and the indigenous West Mesopotamia. It is basically SOV, with core This sketch describes the phonemic system of Semitic Canaanite dialects. grammatical relationships marked by affixes on the dialect, its morphology (nominal and verbal Since we do not possess any substantial the verb, and with adverbial relationships marked systems), and syntax (word order, clause written record of the Canaanite dialects prior to by postpositions, which are cross-referenced by structure, and clause chaining). Throughout these the first millennium BCE, the Amarna letters prefixes on the verb. It is split ergative; the sections, those features are identified which are from Canaan are our only source of knowledge perfect functions on an ergative basis, but the markedly Palestinian (vs. Classical) or rural (vs. regarding the linguistic structure of the dialects imperfect on a nominative-accusative basis. urban or bedouin). It remains beyond the scope of spoken in Canaan in the second millenium BCE. Because Sumerian is an isolate, and has been the sketch to compare this dialect with other The Amarna letters yield linguistic, dead for thousands of years, special problems Arabic colloquials (e.g., Egyptian, Iraqi, etc.). sociolinguistic and linguistic-cultural material arise in trying to elucidate its grammar. There are Two phenomena are highlighted. The first is the that predates both Phoenician and Hebrew as we still major challenges in understanding its Abu Shusha vowel system, which has three times know them from the written records of the first morphosyntax, and very little is known about the inventory of Classical Arabic. millenium BCE. Sumerian at the discourse level. This volume will The second is its discourse structure, as found The survey offered in LW/M, which sketches describe some of the major questions still to be in oral narrative: features and strategies of a concise model of the linguistic system resolved. topic/focus, coherence and cohesion. An example embodied by this corpus, lays special stress on narrative is provided, with interlinear gloss and the interference between Akkadian and the West ISBN 3 929075 39 3. Languages of the English translation. The sketch is based on initial Semitic languages, which resulted in the World/Materials 68. 50pp. USD 51.80 / EUR data gathering from two trips each to New Jersey Canaano-Akkadian mixed languages and 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1999. and Ramallah in 1989 and 1991. linguistic varieties.

ISBN 3 89586 960 0. Languages of the ISBN 3 89586 126 X. Languages of the Modern Hebrew World/Materials 28. 60 pp. USD 53.00 / EUR nd World/Materials 82. 92pp. USD 53.00 / EUR 43.10 / GBP 36.60. (2 edition) 2000. 43.10 / GBP 36.60. 1998. Second printing, with ORA (RODRIGUE) SCHWARZWALD minor corrections. 2005. Bar Ilan University

Gə'əz (Classical Ethiopic) Modern Hebrew revival in Israel during the last Chadian Arabic century is a unique phenomenon: a written STEFAN WENINGER language used by Jews over 1700 years for either University of Marburg liturgy or writing has become a spoken language SAMIR ABU-ABSI used for all purposes. The University of Toledo Gəcəz, a South-Semitic language, is the classical Although the revivers of Hebrew tried to base the spoken language on the grammar of Hebrew tongue of Ethiopia. Extinct as a spoken language This sketch deals with an unwritten dialect of since the 10th century, it is still used by the classical periods, the phonetic and grammatical Arabic which is spoken in parts of northern and structure of Modern Hebrew shows divergence Ethiopian church, and still influencing the modern central Chad (French Tchad) and which has languages of Ethiopia. In this regard it's comparable from it due to various factors. received serious attention only in the last three New words in Modern Hebrew are derived to the Classical tongues of Europe, Latin and decades. The description and materials used is of Greek. After Egyptian and Meroitic it is one of the primarily in three ways: 1. combination of a potential interest to nonspecialists as well as to consonantal root with pattern, e.g. g-d-l+-i-e- > oldest attested languages of Africa. students of Arabic linguistics and dialectology. A The present volumne contains: A short outline gidel ‘raised,' g-d-l+mi--a- > migdal ‘tower’; 2. c variety of what may be labeled Sudanic Arabic, the stem + affix, e.g. bank+ay > bankay ‘banker,' of the problems connected with Gə əz phonology; Chadian dialect manifests certain linguistic features the basic structures of the morphology, with special migdal+i > migdali ‘tower-like’; 3. blends, e.g. c which pose a challenge to its classification in terms migdal + ’or ‘light’ > migdalor ‘lighthouse.' Loan reference to the verb; the principles of Gə əz of the traditional Eastern/Western or nomadic/ syntax; a sample text, thoroughly analyzed in words are added from various sources with some sedentary dichotomies. phonetic adaptation, e.g. bank, telefon, and can interlinear translations. Comparative charts of the Included in this study are brief phonological, nomenclature of the verbal stems, a chapter on follow Hebrew derivational rules, e.g. telefoni ‘of morphological and syntactic outlines of the dialect the phone (adj),' t-l-f-n+-i-e- > tilfen ‘telephoned reseach tools and literature and an ample followed by sample texts in phonemic transcription. bibliography should function as a helpful guide to (v).' c It is hoped that enough information is given to be of All verbs are derived by root and (seven) Gə əz-studies for the non-specialist and faciliate help to those who do not know Arabic as well as to reference. The second revised and enlarged edition patterns' combination, unlike nouns. There are those who are familiar with other varieties of three tenses and one mood in the verb. Nouns are takes account of new findings, the bibliography is Arabic. A number of characteristic features of updated and more examples are given. either masculine or feminine. Person inflection in Chadian Arabic, especially in the area of the verbs is obligatory, and so is preposition ISBN 3 89586 604 0. Languages of the phonology, are contrasted with equivalent inflection. Nouns and adjectives are inflected for World/Materials 01. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR structures in Modern Standard Arabic since the number and gender, but possessive inflection is nd latter is one variety of Arabic which is more likely 42.10 / GBP 35.80. (2 edition) 1995. limited in nouns, e.g. yadi ~ hayad šeli ‘my hand.' to be familiar to most readers. Modern Hebrew is an SVO language with an

The materials in this sketch is based mainly on alternating VSO word order that was dominant in data collected in the late sixties from a native classical Hebrew. Topicalization and other word Canaano-Akkadian speaker of Chadian Arabic to be used in the order shifts are possible. Adjectives follow head preparation of teaching material for the Peace nouns, but numeral quantifiers precede them. HLOMO ZRE EL S I ’ Corps. Other materials collected by other Nominal sentences with no copula are very Tel Aviv University researchers and published since are also taken into common in Hebrew, e.g. hi yafa ‘she (is) consideration. beautiful.' Copulative verbs are obligatory in the

During the second millenium BCE, Akkadian past or the future tense. served as the lingua franca of the ancient Near ISBN 3 89586 005 0. Languages of the The lexicon of Modern Hebrew is composed East. An extensive body of epistolographic texts World/Materials 21. 47pp. USD 51.80 / EUR of original Hebrew words from all its language written in this language was discovered at Tell el- 42.10 / GBP 35.80. 1995. periods together with loan words. Semantic shifts Amarna, the modern name for the ancient seat of occur in many original words, however, a lot of government of the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenophis the changes are due to loan translations or loan IV (Akhenaton). The majority of the Amarna Sumerian shifts. letters were sent to Egypt by the rulers of Canaanite cities which, at the time, were part of JOHN HAYES ISBN 3 89586 144 8. Languages of the the Egyptian empire. University of California, Berkeley World/Materials 127. 110pp. USD 58.90 / While the conventional language of EUR 47.90 / GBP 40.70. 2001. correspondence was nominally Akkadian, by the Sumerian has the distinction of being the oldest Amarna period, i.e., the 14th century BCE, the attested language in the world. Spoken in the Canaanite administration had developed a kind of southern part of ancient Mesopotamia, the Iraq of mixed language. This language, or rather, today, its first texts date to about 3100 BCE. linguistic continuum comprising many varieties, Sumerian died out as a spoken language about was based upon the lexicon of Akkadian, with 2000 BCE, but it was studied in the serious structural interference from the scribes'

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 105 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

noun-adjective, gender, number, numerals, the Un créole arabe : le Ibn Sīnā: A Treatise on pronoun, the verb, the preposition, declension, the adverb, the conjunction, the exclamations and kinubi de Mombasa, Arabic Phonetics interjections), on the concordance of the verb.

Kenya Appendices. SOLOMON SARA, S.J. This re-edition has been published as no. 31 in XAVIER LUFFIN Georgetown University the LINCOM Gramatica (LINGram) series Université Libre de Bruxelles (originally published 1921, London, written in Ibn Sīnā, also known in the West as Avicenna, is th th English) Le kinubi est un créole de base arabe, parlé en a 10 -11 century Persian Muslim philosopher Afrique de l’Est (Kenya, Ouganda, République and scientist. He was born around 980 C.E. /370 Démocratique du Congo, Tanzanie) et apparenté H near Bukhara, in modern Uzbekistan, and died ISBN 978 3 89586 248 9. LINCOM à l’arabe de Juba (Soudan). Il est parlé par une in 1037 C.E. /428 H in Hamedan, in modern Iran. Gramatica 31. 99pp. USD 56.30 / EUR 45.80 / communauté musulmane – les Nubi – dont les Among his philosophical and scientific works are GBP 38.90. 2010. ancêtres sont venus du sud du Soudan à la fin du kitāb al-šifā ‘The book of healing’, his 19ème siècle. compendium of philosophy and science, and al- An Elementary Grammar of La présente recherche se propose de décrire le qānuwn fiy al-tibb ’The canon of medicine’ his kinubi tel qu’il est parlé actuellement à Mombasa, compendium of medicine, which was translated the Ancient Egyptian sur la côte kenyane, en mettant l’accent d’une part into Latin and used in European universities as Language in the sur l’originalité de ce parler par rapport à ceux de the primary medical source book for centuries. Kibera (Kenya) et de Bombo (Ouganda), et en The treatise under discussion is a unique Hieroglyphic Type analysant d’autre part quel a été le rôle du linguistic-scientific treatise , written in Arabic, superstrat (arabe dialectal), du substrat (langues about Arabic phonetics from both scientific and P. LE PAGE RENOUF sud-soudanaises) et surtout de l’adstrat (kiswahili linguistic perspectives. This thoughtful and et anglais) dans sa formation. innovative treatise went beyond the traditional The Elementary Grammar contained in this En ce qui concerne l’originalité, le kinubi de impressionistic descriptions of the sounds of volume is available for all hieroglyphic texts Mombasa présente une série de traits Arabic to include in its purview the three written whilst the old Egyptian was still a living phonologiques et morphologiques qui, même s’ils modalities of phonetics: the acoustic, the language, and the hieroglyphic system of writing sont limités à certains locuteurs, n’apparaissent articulatory, and the anatomical/ physiological. In continued in its original purity. It is of the utmost pas dans les autres parlers étudiés : épenthèse et addition, it delved into comparative phonetics and importance that the student should begin with apocope moins fréquentes, survivance du duel, natural parallels to the sounds of Arabic. It is of these texts, for although the vocabulary and utilisation du pronom affixe après un nom… Par interest to linguists and phoneticians to note that grammar of the later inscriptions resemble those ailleurs, le kinubi de Mombasa est influencé par this uncommonly broad and global perspective on of the better period, as closely as modern Latin phonetics would become common only in more divers parlers, en raison des origines variées de does that of the ancient, and although the recent research in and teaching of phonetics (19th ses locuteurs. contents of these inscriptions are often of the En ce qui concerne la formation du kinubi, century on). This treatise is a landmark in the scientific study and development of phonetics. highest historical and archeological interest, the nous constatons que l’influence du substrat est hieroglyphic system which they exhibit is peu visible, tandis que le superstrat a joué un ISBN 978 3 929075 91 5. LINCOM Studies in extremely corrupt, particularly in the Roman rôle-clé dans le processus. Enfin, l’adstrat exerce Phonetics 03. 200pp. USD 86.40 / EUR 70.20 / period; it confounds articulations which the actuellement une forte influence sur la langue. GBP 59.70. 2009. ancient Egyptians scrupulously distinguished, Toutefois, l’anglais et le kiswahili n’agissent pas signs originally syllabic are used with purely de la même manière sur le kinubi en général, alphabetic values, the ancient values are tandis que les autres langues adstratales ont un sometimes ignored and entirely new ones impact très limité. Cette étude tente donc de Palestinian Texts substituted. When the original System is more déterminer quels sont les facteurs linguistiques, thoroughly known, the corruptions which it has sociaux et historiques permettant de comprendre KIMARY N. SHAHIN suffered will be readily learnt (from the preface cette différence de traitement. University of British Columbia of the 1875 edition).

Contents: Hieroglyphic Signs, Hieroglyphic ISBN 3 89586 804 3. LINCOM Studies in This is a collection of Palestinian Arabic Vocabulary, Nouns and Adjectives, Numbers, Pidgin & Creole Linguistics 07. 200pp. USD narratives spoken by speakers of both urban and Ordinals, Pronouns Prepositions, Adverbs and 112.30 / EUR 91.30 / GBP 77.60. 2005. rural Palestinian dialects. It documents dialectal Conjunctions, Intcrjections, Verbs. distinctions which are expected to disappear over This re-edition has been published as no. 18 the coming decades. The texts are analysed with in the LINCOM Gramatica (LINGram) series

Kinubi Texts reference to the grammatical sketch LW/M Series (originally published 1875, London: Samuel no. 28 by the author and to previous published XAVIER LUFFIN Bagster and Sons). collections of Palestinian oral texts. Université Libre de Bruxelles ISBN 978 3 89586 157 4. LINCOM The Kinubi is an Arabic-based Creole, spoken ISBN 3 89586 169 3. Languages of the Gramatica 18. 140pp. USD 60.80 / EUR 49.40 today in some parts of East Africa: Kenya, World/Text Collections 05. 80pp. USD 62.60 / / GBP 42.00. 2010. Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo. EUR 50.90 / GBP 43.30. 1999. Formerly, it was spoken in Tanzania and in Somalia. This language is closely related to Juba Comparative Grammar Arabic, spoken in Southern Sudan. It is the re-editions of the Semitic language of a Muslim community – the Nubi. Their ancestors were soldiers who left Southern th Languages Sudan in the late 19 century, due to the Mahdist The Siwi Language rebellion. They went to Uganda, where they enrolled in the British colonial army. DE LACY O'LEARY, D.D. The target language of Kinubi is mainly W. SEYMOUR WALKER Sudanese Arabic (actually, various Sudanese Already in the eleventh Century A.D. the Rabbi dialects). Many features distinguish Kinubi from The Oasis of Siwa - the most westerly of the Jehuda Hayyug (Abu Zakaria Yahya) began to Dialectal Arabic: phonemic changes, the loss of oases of Egypt - its people, and their speech, have apply the methods of the Arabic grammarians to gender, the loss of the article al-, the loss of the been so long objects of interest and speculation to Hebrew and thus unconsciously laid the Arabic verbal morphology and the use of TMA the outside world. The author has devoted much foundation of the comparative philology of the markers. This language is also highly influenced time and labour, under difficult circumstances, to Semitic languages. It was already known that a by English and Swahili.The texts which are the compiling of the Grammar and vocabularies close relationship existed between Aramaic and presented in this book have been collected in of the Siwi language hitherto practically Hebrew, but it was commonly supposed that Bombo (Uganda), Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya) and unknown. Aramaic was a corruption from Hebrew. Mombasa (Kenya). They deal with the history of C. V. Stanley, in 1911, and shortly later, J. Theological prepossessions inclined the Jews to the Nubi community: their origins in Sudan, their Quibell, of the Cairo Museum, came to the regard Hebrew as the parent, not only of arrival in Uganda, their settling in other countries conclusion that Siwi was Touareg or closely Aramaic and Arabic, but of all other languages of East Africa, their participation in the First and allied to it. (adapted from the forword and as well, and this opinion was generally adopted Second World Wars. They also cover the post- introduction). The Ethnologue (2009) classifies by Christian writers also. Even this view, Independance period. Siwi as “Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Eastern, Siwa - not however, admitted that a much closer closely related to other Berber languages”. relationship existed between Hebrew, Arabic, ISBN 3 89586 835 3. Languages of the Contents: Introduction, abbreviations, the and Aramaic, than between Hebrew and any World/Text Collections 21. 172pp. USD 74.90 accidence (transliteration and pronunciation, other language; and to this closely related group / EUR 60.90 / GBP 51.80. 2005. accent, the article, the noun-substantive, the a fourth member, Ethiopic, was added in the

106 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES seventeenth Century, the name Ethiopic being Materialien zum Studium used by Europeans to designate Ge'ez, the Grammar of Palestinian ancient classical language of Abyssinia. The der arabischen decipherment of the cuneiform inscriptions in Jewish Aramaic the nineteenth Century added Babylonian- Beduinendialekte Assyrian as a fifth member (adopted from the WM. B. STEVENSON Innerafrikas introduction of 1928 edition). This introduction to Palestinian Jewish Aramaic Contents: I. The Semitic Languages (The GEORG KAMPFFMEYER presupposes a general knowledge of Hebrew and Semitic Group, Babylonia and Assyria, Canaan, some other Semitic language, such as Syriac or Aramaic, Arabic (Hijaz dialect, Nejd, Iraq, Syria Das arabische Element Innerafrikas hat bisher nur Arabic. It is intended primarily to equip students and Palestine, Egypt, North Africa, Malta, in sehr geringem Maße die Aufmerksamkeit of the Targums and the Aramaic portions of the Hadramaut, Oman, Southern Arabic), insbesondere derer, die sich die Erkenntnisse der Palestinian Talmud and Midrashim, and to Abyssinian. II. The Consonant sounds. III. arabischen Sprache vorgesetzt haben, gefunden. provide a help to the study of the Aramaic Temporary Modifications of Consonants. IV. Seit schon bald fünfzig Jahren liegen uns von vier elements contained in the writing (from the The Vowels. V. Temporary Modifications of arabischen Dialekten Innerafrikas sehr erhebliche preface, p. 3). The grammar contains chapters on Vowel Sounds. VI. Temporary Syllabic Sprachproben vor, ohne dass sie von Arabisten orthography, nominal morphology (pronouns. Changes. VII. The Personal Pronoun. VIII. beachtet worden sind (aus der Einleitung interrogatives, demonstratives, declensions), Demonstrative Pronouns. IX. Relative and entlehnt). In seiner Arbeit vergleicht verbal morphology (stems, tenses, infinitives, Interrogative Pronouns. X. The Noun. XI. The Kampffmeyer u.a. Sprachproben verschiedener participles). (Re-edition; originally published Verb. XII. The particles. arabischer Beduinendialekte, so aus einem Schoa- 1924 in Oxford; written in English): This re-edition has been published as no. 05 Dialekt, einem Wadai-Dialekt, einem Dialekt von in the LINCOM Orientalia (LIOR) series Adrar (in der westlichen Sahara) und des Dialekts (originally published 1928, London: Kegan Paul, ISBN 978 3 86290 025 1. LINCOM der Brakna (Re-edition; originally published 1899 Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd., author's affiliation: Gramatica 46. 98pp. USD 52.20 / EUR 42.40 / in Berlin; written in German). Lecturer in Aramaic, Bristol University). GBP 36.00. 2010/IV.

ISBN 978 3 86290 018 3. LINCOM ISBN 978 3 89586 241 0. LINCOM Orientalia Orientalia 10. 102pp. USD 52.20 / EUR 42.40 05. 298pp. USD 79.70 / EUR 64.80 / GBP Genesius's Hebrew and / GBP 36.00. 2010/IV. 55.10. 2010. Chaldee Lexicon of the Old

Testament Scriptures Lehrbuch der First Steps in Assyrian WILLIAM GESENIUS, S.P. TREGELLES Assyrischen Sprache L.W. KING (TRANS.) und Keilschrift

The aim of the present work is to furnish the The study of the Original Languages of the Old J. ROSENBERG beginner with all the materials which he will Testament is one of the importance of which can require in his earlist studies of the Assyrian surcely be over-estimated. To know effectively Die assyrische Sprache gehört zur language and the cuneiform inscriptions. It the Holy Scriptures in one own’s vernacular is nordsemitischen Sprachengruppe. Sie war contains a sketch of the most useful facts indeed a valuable acquirement.Whether in regard Nationalsprache der Assyrer und Babylonier, concerning the cuneiform of writing, and an of the discoveries of modern archaeologists in fand aber in der Blütezeit der assyro- outline of the principles of Assyrian grammar; a Assyrian and Egyptian antiquities, as well as babylonischen Herrscher weit über die Grenzen list of the more common signs and ideograms; a those in the Holy Land itself, every student of the des Heimatlandes in diplomatischen und offizielle series of texts and extracts printed in the Assyrian Bible will be glad to be able to investigate for Korrespondenzen Verwendung. Als äusserste cuneiform character with interlinear trans- himself the ipsissima verba of the “holy men of Zeitpunkte der Blüte der assyrischen Sprachen literation and translation, ranging in date from God”. In putting forth this edition of Prof. können wir bezeichnen 1400 v. Chr. bis 280 v. about B.C. 2250 to B.C. 260, and a full William Gesenius’s Hewbrew anD Chaldee Chr. Die Schrift der Assyrer, die Keilschrift, vocabulary to all the texts printed in the book. Lexicon, the PublisHers have consulted the stand noch während eines längeren Zeitraumes im (Re-edition; originally published 1898 in London; requirements of Bublical students generally (from Gebrauch. Inhalt: Schriftlehre (mit Tafeln), written in English). the preface). Lautlehre, Formenlehre, Syllabar, Chrestomatie (Re-edition; originally published 1894 in und Übersetzung, Texte in Keilschrift mit London; written in English) ISBN 978 3 86290 004 6. LINCOM Aussprachebezeichnung und Übersetzung (Re-

Orientalia 01. 542pp. USD 94.50 / EUR 76.80 edition; originally published 1890 in Wien; / GBP 65.30. 2010/IV. ISBN 978 3 86290 076 3. LINCOM written in German) Orientalia 21. 526pp. USD 92.00 / EUR 74.80 / GBP 63.60. 2010/IV. ISBN 978 3 86290 134 0. LINCOM Initia Amharica Gramatica 97. 188pp. USD 67.40 / EUR 54.80 Le Chaouia de l'Aurès / GBP 46.60. 2010/IV. An Introduction to Spoken (Dialecte de l'Ahmar- Amharic. Part I. Grammar. Vorstudien zur Grammatik Khaddou). Étude C.H. ARMBRUSTER gramaticale - Texte en und zum Wörterbuche der dialecte Chaouia Soqotri-Sprache Amharic is the language most widely spoken and written in Abyssinia at the present day. It is indigenous not only in Amhara, the district from GUSTAVE MERCIER MAXIMILIAN BITTNER which the name is taken, but over the greater part of Central Abyssinia. As a language of commerce Le Chaouia font parties des Berbères compris par Unter dem Titel Vorstudien zur Grammatik und it is heard beyond the limits of Abyssinia proper. Ibn Khaldoun sous le nom de Berbères de zum Wörterbuche der Soqotri-Sprache gedenke Two principal dialects are distinguished, that of Zénètes. Il est probable que les Zénètesse sont ich eine Reihe von Abhandlungen zu Gojjam and that of Shoa (from the introduction). établis dans l´Afrique septrentrionale à une veröffentlichen, welche die auffallendsten und Contents: Phonetic alphabet, the Amharic époque beaucoup récente que les anciennes wichtigsten Erscheinungen der Sprache der Insel characters, punctuation, doubling consonants, Berbères de Loua et de Sanhaga. Les Chaouias Soqotra in grammatischer und lexikalischer crasis or contraction of adjacent vowels, apellent eux-même leur langue hak´baylith, Hinsicht zum Gegenstande haben. Daneben soll substantive, the Ethiopic accusative, pronouns, kabyle. Table des matières: Première partie: diese Band auch zeigen, wie innig Mehri, Shuri numerals, primitive and derived forms of the Étude grammaticale (du nom, des prénoms, und Soqotri miteinander zusammenhängen und verb, voice, mood, tense, contingent, jussive, adjective qualificatifs, du verbe, des particules, wie diese drei Mhara-Sprachen, wie ich sie fortan paradigms of derived forms of the verb, syntax, numération, du calendrier). Deuxième partie: nennen möchte, vom Arabischen sowohl als auch etc. (Re-edition; originally published 1908 in Fables et legendes. vom Äthiopischen sich abscheiden. Zugrunde Cambridge; written in English) (Re-edition; originally published 1896 in gelegt ist diesen Vorstudien das in den Bänden Paris; written in French) der Südarabischen Expediation der Kaiserlichen

Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien ISBN 978 3 86290 112 8. LINCOM ISBN 978 3 86290 149 4. LINCOM publizierte Soqotri-Material (Re-edition; original- Gramatica 89. 88pp. USD 52.20 / EUR 42.40 / Gramatica 109. 422pp. USD 89.60 / EUR ly published 1913/18 in Wien; written in German) 72.80 / GBP 61.90. 2010/IV. GBP 36.00. 2010/IV.

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 107 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

ISBN 978 3 86290 126 5. LINCOM alone justify an attempt like the present to furnish Kurzgefasste Vergleichende Orientalia 38. 262pp. USD 66.90 / EUR 54.40 a simple introduction to the study of the language. / GBP 46.20. 2010/IV. Its importance, in a philological sense of view, Grammatik der Semitischen and as affording aid to the student in acquiring the other Semitic dialects, and especially the Sprachen. Elemente der Arabic Grammar. Syriac, to which it is intimately related, will also Laut- und Formenlehre Paradigms, Literature, Exercises be generally admitted (from the preface). Contents: Of the elements (letters, vowels, and CARL BROCKELMANN and Glossary acents, changes of consonants and vowels). Parts

of speech and inflexion (pronouns, verb, nouns, Semiten nannte Schlözer i.J. 1781 auf Grund der A. SOCIN particles). Syntax.Paradigms . Analysis of the text Völkertafel Gen. 10,21 ff. die Hebräer, Aramäer, of the Chaldee portion of the book of Daniel, Araber und Abessinier als Glieder eines The aim of A. Socin’s Arabic Grammar is to Index (Re-edition; originally published 1859 in gemeinsamen Stammes, die sich als solche durch furnish intending students of classical Arabic die nahe Verwandtschaft ihrer Sprachen with the most important rules both of the London; written in English). auszeichnen. Accidence and of the Syntax in the briefest Der semitische Sprachstamm, dem die possible form. Contents: Orthography and ISBN 978 3 86290 166 1. LINCOM Entdeckungen des 19. Jahrh. namentlich noch das Phonology, Accidence (the pronoun, the verb, the Orientalia 41. 199pp. USD 69.90 / EUR 56.80 Assyrisch-Babylonische angliederten, zerfällt in noun, the numerals, particles), Syntax (tenses and / GBP 48.30. 2010/IV. zwei Hauptzweige, in Ostsemitisch und moods, government of the verb, government of Westsemitisch. Das Ostsemitische, das sich am the noun, the single sentence, composed frühesten selbständig entwickelte, besteht aus den sentences), appendix, Literature, paradigms, Der Dschäbärtidialekt der beiden aufs engste verwandten Dialekten, exercises and texts, glossaries (Re-edition; Somalisprache Babylonisch und Assyrisch, und ist uns durch originally published 1895 in London; written in Denkmäler in Keilschrift, von mindestens aus English). dem 4. Jahrtausend vor Chr. bis ins 1. Jahrh. vor LEO REINISCH ISBN 978 3 86290 079 4. LINCOM Chr. bekannt. Das Westsemitsche gliedert sich in zwei Hauptgruppen, das Nord- und das Orientalia 22. 176pp. USD 65.00 / EUR 52.80 Die Jabärti bewohnen das Küstenland des / GBP 44.90. 2010/IV. Südwestsemitsche. Das Nordwestsemitsiche um- afrikanischen Osthorns von Ras Hafun bis hinab faßt das Kanaanäische und das Aramäische. Zu zum Äquator. Sie zerfallen in zwei Hauptstämme, den kannaanäischen Dialekten sind das Dígil und Höye. Ihre Sprache bildet einen Dialekt Israelitisch-Hebräische und das Phönizische (mit Studien zur Laut- und des Somali (aus der Einleitung der Original- einem Ausläufer im Westen, dem Punischen), zu Formenlehre der Mehri- ausgabe 1903; Sitzungsber. der phil.-hist. Kl zählen (aus der Einleitung). CXLVVIII. Bd. 5; der Autor war bei Anfertigung (Re-edition; originally published 1908 in Berlin; Sprache in Südarabien der Arbeit Mitglied der Kaiserlichen Akademie written in German) der Wissenschaften). MAXIMILIAN BITTNER Die Kurzgrammatik beinhaltet Kapitel zur ISBN 978 3 86290 169 2. LINCOM Lautlehre (Sprachlaute, Lautveränderungen Orientalia 42. 326pp. USD 83.20 / EUR 68.80

(Konsonanten, Vokale, Akzent), Formenlehre / GBP 57.10. 2010/IV. Die vorliegenden Aufzeichnungen gehen auf die (Artikel, Substantiv, Adjektiv, Numerale, Texte, das Wörterbuch und die Grammatik Jahns Pronomen, Verbum, Präpoisitionen, Adverbien), und die von D.H.Müller aufgenommenen Mehri- Texte, ein Dschäbärti-Deutsches Wörterbuch, im Ägyptische Grammatik Texte zurück (als Ergebnisse der Südarabische Anhang Somalitexte nach dem Dictat eines Expedition, von der Kaiserlichen Akademie in mit Schrifttafel, Literatur, Habar-Auwal. Wien 1908 ausgesandt). In his grammatical sketch Leo Reinisch Lesestücken und Wörterverzeichnis Der Bau der Mehri-Sprache soll nicht bloß focuses on nominal and verbal morphology of vom Standpunkte des Arabischen aus untersucht Japarti, a dialect of Somali. The study also werden. Das Mahri ist kein arabischer Dialekt ADOLF ERMAN includes basic information on phonology and (wie noch 1873 von v. Maltzan bezeichnet). So morphology (verbs, nouns, adjectives, personal kommen im Mehri andere Tatsachen vor, die sich Die ägyptische Sprache ist eine Verwandte der pronouns, numbers, prepositions, adverbs and weder im klassischen noch modernen Arabisch, semitischen Sprachen, der ostafrikanischen contains several texts and a small Jabarti – wohl aber in anderen semitischen Sprachen und Sprachen und der Berbersprachen Nordafrikas. German dictionary (originally published 1903, da besonders im Äthiopischen nachweisen lassen Ihre ältesten Sprachdenkmäler gehören noch in written in German). (aus der Einleitung des ersten Bandes). das vierte Jahrtausend v. Chr., ganz ausgestorben

Bei der Neuausgabe werden die Bände I: Zum ist es erst vor drei Jahrhunderten. Nomen im engeren Sinne, II.Zum Verbum, III. ISBN 978 3 89586 099 7. LINCOM In diesem Buche wird das Altägyptische Zum Pronomen in Südarabien, IV. Zu den Gramatica 11. 120S. USD 60.50 / EUR 49.20 / behandelt, das als gelehrte Literatursprache bis in Partikeln zu einem Buch zusammengefaßt. GBP 41.80. 2010/IV. die römische Zeit hinein verwendet worden ist (Re-edition; originally published 1090/1913 in (aus der Einleitung). Inhalt: Schrift- und Wien; written in German) Lautlehre, Pronomina, Nomina, Verba, Partikel, Gesenius’s Hebrew Sätze, Schrifttafel, Literatur, Lesestücke, Wörterverzeichnis (Re-edition; originally ISBN 978 3 86290 125 8. LINCOM Grammar published 1902 in Berlin; written in German) Gramatica 91. 467pp. USD 94.50 / EUR 76.80 / GBP 65.30. 2010/IV. E. ROEDIGER (ed.) ISBN 978 3 86290 170 8. LINCOM Gramatica 120. 276pp. USD 68.70 / EUR

56.80 / GBP 47.10. 2010/IV. An Introduction to the Gesenius’s Hebrew Grammar is one of most Study of the Chaldee comprensive grammars on Hebrew published in the 19th century, and re-edited many times till A New Practical Grammar of Language comprising a today. Contents: Introduction (Semitic languages in general, historic survey of the Hebrew the Modern Arabic of Egypt Grammar language). Part I: The elements (orthogaphy, vowels, accents, consonant, pecularities and S. SPIRO BEY

GEORGE LONGFIELD changes of letters, the syllables and tone), Part II: Having made modern Arabic my particular study Forms and inflections, ot the parts of the speech for over thirty years and having taught it both in The Chaldee Grammer which forms the first part (pronoun, strong and week verb, connection of Egypt and Geneva, it occurred to me to put my of this work is mainly based upon Winer's the subject with the predicate, use of the lessons in book form and present them to the "Grammatik des Biblischen und Targumischen particles), Hebrew reading book and exercises public. The system adopted is that of European (Biblical Greek done into Hebrew, exercises in Chaldaismus". The present grammar, though grammar with which the student is familiar. unpointed Hebrew, Fables of Loqman, Bible shorter than Winer's, will probably be considered Contents: Alphabet, article, noun (number, lessons, bible words and sentences). gender, case), adjective, verb, exercises to all sufficently extensive for the class of students for (Re-edition; originally published 1876 in London; whom it is intended, - those who are already chapters (Re-edition; originally published 1912 in written in English) London; written in English): acquainted with the principles of Hebrew Grammar. The fact that the Chaldee is the original ISBN 978 3 89586 196 3. LINCOM Gra- ISBN 978 3 86290 148 7. LINCOM Tutoria language of a portion of the Scriptures would matica 12. 460pp. USD 88.00 / EUR 72.80 / 04. 269pp. USD 67.10 / EUR 54.50 / GBP GBP 60.40. 2010/IV. 46.30. 2010/IV.

108 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES Minoan Linear A

An Egyptian Grammar with Assyrische Grammatik Aramäisch-Neuhebräisches Chrestomathy and Glossary mit Paradigmen, Übngsstücken, Handwörterbuch Glossar und Literatur zu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch SAMUEL A.B. MERCER FRIEDRICH DELITZSCH D. GUSTAF H. DALMAN The book is intended for Beginners.Experience in teaching Oriental languages has taught me that Die vorligende Grammatik will Assyriologen und Was in dieser zweiten Auflage des Wörterbuches the beginner needs a textbook which is both Semitisten gleichermaßen dienen, indem sie ihnen geboten wird, ist u.a. folgendes: Die simple and also supplied with exercises. The die gegenwärtigen Resultate der assyrischen Vokalisation, besonders der aramäischen Wörter, book is designed primarily for use in colleges, grammatischen Forschung in möglichst knapper ist verbessert worden. Der Wortschatz des seminaries, and universities, and is meant to übersichtlicher Zusammenstellung darreicht. Onkelostargum ist durch Zitate kenntlich gemacht provide an academic year's work of three hours a Inhalt: Kurze Geschichte der Ausgrabung, worden. Griechischen und Lateinischen week. Entzifferung und der grammatischen Forschung. Fremdwörtern werden die entsprechenden The needs of the private student were also Schriftlehre (Keilschriftcharacter der babyl.- Äquivalente aus diesen Sprachen beigefügt, kept in mind. Egyptian is difficult. Nor have assyr. Schrift, Entwicklung der Silbenschrift, zur persische Lehnwörter werden gekennzeichnet. compilers of Egyptian grammrs done much to Vokalschreibung, zur Konsonantenschreibung), Nur der nachweisbare Sprachgebrauch wurde bei make it attractive to the student. It is with this in Lautlehre (Vokale, Konsonanten, Akzent), den Wortbedeutungen berücksichtigt, alle bloß mind that I have prepared this book. I have Formenlehre (Pronomen, Nomen, Verbum), angenommenen Grundbedeutungen der Wörter divided the grammar into chapters or lessons, and Satzlehre (die einzelnen Redeteile, der Satz), fielen weg (Re-edition; originally published 1922 supplied each chapter with copious exercises. I Paradigmata, Chrestomathia, Glossarium, in Frankfurt; written in German) am sure that if the student works through these Litteratura (Originally published 1889 in Berlin, lessons with care an dilligence he will have no written in German). ISBN 978 3 86290 070 1. LINCOM Orientalia trouble with the reading exercises which follow ISBN 978 3 89586 046 1. LINCOM Gramatica 20. 573pp. USD 92.90 / EUR 76.80 / GBP (Re-edition; originally published 1927 in London; 63.70. 2010/IV. written in English) 03. 454pp. USD 92.90 / EUR 76.80 / GBP 63.70. 2010.

Minoan Linear A ISBN 978 3 86290 172 2. LINCOM Orientalia 43. 194pp. USD 68.70 / EUR 56.80 / GBP Études Phonologiques sur An Introduction to 47.10. 2010/IV. le dialecte arabe vulgaire de Minoan Linear A Notes grammaticales sur la Beyrouth langue Galla ou Oromo JOHN MARANGOZIS EMANUEL MATTSON National Technical University of Athens

Fr. A. (ANDRE JAROSSEAU, according This work is a study of the Minoan Linear A Dans les pages suivantes nous tâcherons de language, i.e. the language of Minoan Crete in the to WEB-BALL, LLACAN) donner un exposé succint de la phonologie du Bronze Age. The Linear A materials and data dialecte "vulgaire" de Beyrouth. Table des which have been available for examination is Table des matières: Alphabet oromo, du genre, du matières: Qualité des sons (consonnes, nombre, radical et terminaison, du substantif, de composed of only 1400 inscribed clay tablets or changements des consonnes, voyelles, fragments, and some stone and metallic objects. l'adjectif, du pronom, du verbe, adverbe, changements des voyelles, synthèse des sons (Re- prépositon, conjunction, interjection, particules The method used in the examination and review edition; originally published 1911 in Upsala; of each inscription is the scrutiny of the message affixes préfixes, particules affixes suffixes, written in French). euphonisme (Re-edition; originally published each conveyed and the qualitative and quantitative information given, its comparison 1922 in Diré-Daoua (Abyssinie); written in ISBN 978 3 86290 175 3. LINCOM Orientalia French) with other relevant inscriptions, its logical 44. 123pp. USD 59.00 / EUR 48.80 / GBP interpretation and correlation, the conclusions 40.50. 2010/IV. allowed to be drawn, and the problems that may ISBN 978 3 86290 105 0. LINCOM Gramatica be resulting or counter arguments which may 85. 164pp. USD 90.50 / EUR 74.80 / GBP 62. have to be contemplated. 2010/IV. Das Zahlwort vier und neun The Linear A syllabary, revised and enriched, in den chamitisch-semiti- was compared to the Luwian hieroglyphic signs; Kurzgefaßte Grammatik der 15 out of 78 signs have a Luwian counterpart; schen Sprachen thus no claim of complete similarity can be made. Biblisch-Aramäischen The Linear A glossary contains about 1025 whole or broken words. Most of them are not Sprache, Literatur, LEO REINISCH understood yet. Among those which are Paradigmen, Texte und understood, 45 words have a Luwian counterpart. (Re-edition; originally published 1890 Inscriptions on votive offerings are dedications to Glossar divinities, like to goddess A.SA.SA.RA (the in Wien; written in German) Madonna of the Luwians) or to DA.MA.TE (the KARL MARTI Earth Mother or Demeter). The Linear A Glossary ISBN 978 3 86290 181 4. LINCOM Orientalia reveals a glossary of terms in food and Inhalt: Schrift- und Lautlehre (u.a. die 46. 44pp. USD 39.40 / EUR 32.60 / GBP 27.00. agricultural products, on metals, vessels and artefacts and on a number of place names and Konsonantenschrift, die Vokalbezeichnung, die 2010/IV. personal names. Most of the technical words were masorethischen Beizeichen, Prosthese u. terms borrowed from Sumerian, Semitic or Insertion, Veräderung der Vokale beim Wechsel Grammaire arabe vulgaire Akkadian languages. eines Tones), Formenlehre (u.a. Pronomen, The Hagia Triada tablets are a wealth of Verbum, Nomen, Zahlwort, Partikel), Bemer- P. CAUSSIN DE PERCEVAL information on many subjects. There is a series of kungen zur Syntax (u.a. die Rektion des tablets relating to Minoan religious sanctuaries Verbums, die Kombination der Nomina, der Table des matières: des lettres de l'alphabet - du dedicated to Adu, Tinita and Akaru, indicating einfache Satz, Satzverbindung und Satzgefüge), verbe (tableaux des six classes, voix passive, etc), the worship in Crete of deities from the des noms, des adjectives, de l'article, de la Syropalestinian coast. Large quantities of wheat, Literatur, Paradigmata, Texte und Glossar (die wine and oil, also of seeds and figs were aramäischen Stücke des Alten Testaments, Texte déclinaison, des pronoms personelles, chiffres et numération, prépositions, adverbes, conjunctions, delivered to these sanctuaries. aus den Papyrusfunden von Elephantine), Glossar interjections, concordance, phrases d'usage pour The Phaistos Disk was continued to be read as (Re-edition; originally published 925 in Berlin; la conversation, textes (Re-edition; originally a Luwian hieroglyphic document and the written in German) published 1858 in Paris; written in French). information obtained was critically analysed for internal consistency.

ISBN 978 3 86290 173 9. LINCOM Gramatica ISBN 978 3 86290 183 8. LINCOM Orientalia ISBN 978 3 89586 386 8. LINCOM Lan- 121. 226pp. USD 68.20 / EUR 56.40 / GBP 47. 184pp. USD 66.30 / EUR 54.80 / GBP guage Research 06. 150pp. USD 71.20 / EUR 46.80. 2010/IV. 45.40. 2010/IV. 57.90 / GBP 49.20. 2007.

The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010 ♦ 109 AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

110 ♦ LINCOM EUROPA• project line 20 • 2010