The Best Years the Baby Boomers Are Growing up and Creating a Massive New Market with Their Desire to Age Well

vnkMgzn 1 Evonik Magazine Evonik Magazine| SEIZING OPPORTUNITIES EARLIER 1 2011 | 2011

The Best Years The baby boomers are growing up and creating a massive new market with their desire to age well

1_Evonik_01-11_EN E_1 14.03.11 17:34 www.evonik.com

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2_Evonik_01-11_EN 2 14.03.11 17:14 EDITORIAL 3

Unaccustomed Perspectives Why chemistry has every reason to celebrate its “international year” all over the world

Dear readers, “Chemistry—our life, our future” is the motto of the International Year of Chemistry 2011, which has been proclaimed by the United Nations. During the year, hundreds of events will be organized worldwide in order to draw public attention to all the things chemistry has achieved. The organizers expect these events to be a big success, because nowadays “green chemistry” is a familiar concept that is often in the headlines. Word Dr. Klaus Engel, Chairman of the Executive Board of Evonik Industries AG has gotten around that we will not be able to reach our climate protection tar- gets without utilizing the latest developments in the chemical industry. “The creative power Whether we’re talking about solar cells or power storage systems, building of chemistry is insulation or battery-driven electric mobility, the new climate-friendly and resource-saving technologies are all based on developments from chemistry. helping us to meet Our ability to derive energy from sunshine would be unthinkable without it. the preconditions The same holds true of batteries, the key technology for low-emission electric mobility. for a sustainable For many people, these realizations may open up unaccustomed perspec- future lifestyle” tives. Even long-time critics of the chemical industry are gradually realizing that chemistry is one of the most important tools we must use if we really want to make a difference in the world. That’s because, above all, chemistry can make a major contribution to feeding the world’s growing population and providing it with clean drinking water. Starting on page 26 of this issue of Evonik Magazine you will find a comprehensive overview of the activities planned for the International Year of Chemistry. And in the article titled “Doing the Right Thing” (see page 40) we will show you through concrete examples just what Evonik Industries is doing to promote sustainability. Pleasant reading! Sincerely yours, PHOTOGRAPHY: CHRISTIAN SCHLÜTER/EVONIK INDUSTRIES CHRISTIAN SCHLÜTER/EVONIK PHOTOGRAPHY:

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

3_Evonik_01-11_EN E_3 14.04.11 09:19 4 CONTENTS

Foldout: The Search for Eternal Life

Living a long life without growing old Those who want to still be ﬁ t and attractive in the third stage of their lives have to start early—through moderate consumption, a healthy diet, and an inspiring social environment PAGE 12

Rare, expensive, and (still) indispensable: rare earth metals PAGE 32 Corporate responsibility at Evonik PAGE 40

MASTHEAD Publisher: Office Manager/ Final Editing: Design: Publisher and address: Evonik Industries AG Head of Corporate Internal Michael Hopp (Head), Teresa Nunes (Head), Hoffmann und Campe Christian Kullmann Communications Christiane Oppermann Anja Giese, Heike Hentschel/ Verlag GmbH, Rellinghauser Str. 1–11 and Group Media: Redaktion 4 a company of the Managing Editor: 45128 Essen Stefan Haver GANSKE VERLAGSGRUPPE Stefan Glowa Copy Desk: Harvestehuder Weg 42 Editor in Chief: Wilm Steinhäuser Picture Desk: 20149 Hamburg Urs Schnabel (responsible Ulrich Thiessen Translation: Telephone +49 40 44188-457 for editorial content) TransForm, Cologne Fax +49 40 44188-236 Documentation: Art Direction: e-mail [email protected] Kerstin Weber, Wolf Dammann Tilman Baucken; Hamburg

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

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EDITORIAL Evonik Global 3 Unaccustomed Perspectives A journey around the world to international Evonik locations

54 Russia CyPlus GmbH: Innovative technology from Evonik Industries makes extracting Why chemistry has every reason to celebrate gold in Nizhny Novgorod more efficient Interview: Frank Harenburg, Managing Director of CyPlus GmbH, talks about the new sodium cyanide plant and the Russian gold market 55 South Korea HPPO: How a problem market can More than 20 give rise to new application areas with years ago, the MD-11 was prospects for growth the ﬁ rst passenger jet INFORMING 56 China in which ROHACELL ROHACELL: A hard foam material was used developed by Evonik is part of the first passenger jet developed in China 57 Taiwan PLEXIGLAS: The beautiful island is an important location for Evonik 6 At First Glance Industries and the region—as three joint ventures show 58 The Netherlands Ubiflex: Innovation for roofs— how innovation can make life easier Airborne Anniversary Three minutes with: Professor Albert Speer Jr. designed the soccer for roofers USA More than 20 years ago in the USA, ROHACELL took off on its maiden flight 58 Dispatches as a civil aviation material Brazil: Big event for DEGAROUTE Indonesia: New tasks for anuary 10, 1990 was a special day for air- spent three years thoroughly testing both PT Evonik Indonesia J craft manufacturer McDonnell Douglas. material and production process before stadiums for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar with an innovative approach to South Korea: Four-year contract The newly developed MD-11 took off from they issued final approval. Today the with Hankook Tire the airport at Long Beach, California (USA) material is an essential part of civil aircraft China: Proven partnership for its maiden flight. The takeoff was also manufacturing. Fuselage segments, with the Jushi Group keenly watched from Germany. It was the pressure bulkheads, flaps—hard foam has first flight of ROHACELL as part of a civil proven its virtues and established itself passenger jet. The covers of the flaps were even in safety-critical components. The air conditioning made from ROHACELL. Before the compo- takeoff of the MD-11 more than 20 years nents could take to the air, however, the US ago opened the way to a new career for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) had material far above the clouds. PHOTOGRAPHY: ALEXANDRA VOSDING, ILLUSTRATION: PICFOUR ALEXANDRA ILLUSTRATION: VOSDING, PHOTOGRAPHY: Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

World map: Old North, Young South—The world’s population is 53_Evonik_01-11_EN E_53 11.03.11 19:02 aging rapidly GLOBAL Debating: How popular is the chemical sector? Answers from Dr. Silvana 53 A Journey Koch-Mehrin, Prof. Manfred Güllner, Prof. Wolfgang A. Herrmann, Around the World Marc-Oliver Voigt, and Dr. Rainer Grießhammer to International SHAPING Locations 12 When I’m 64 USA: ROHACELL has been flying in modern passenger jets There is no Fountain of Youth, but we do have many insights into the aging for more than 20 years now process. Sports, a healthy diet, and a positive outlook on life can help to Russia: How CyPlus is helping postpone the unmistakable signs of aging. People’s desire to have a long life modern gold miners in good health is being supported by research, science, and business Russia: “Uncompromisingly DEVELOPING safe”—An interview with the head of CyPlus 26 Celebrate Chemistry! South Korea: Successful The Year of Chemistry is being celebrated with thousands of events all product development over the world. You can find an overview of the most important events in China: Evonik is on board the this issue and online first Chinese passenger jet Taiwan: Small island—big KNOWING market 32 The Scramble for Buried Treasure The Netherlands: New All high-tech devices contain rare earth metals. That’s why the search is on products for roofs for ways to recycle these precious raw materials

RECOGNIZING FINDING 40 Doing the Right Thing 59 At a Glance How Evonik practices corporate responsibility every day and integrates it Index of the products mentioned in this publication into product development and training

DISCOVERING 46 The Cloud Connection You can also ﬁ nd this Cloud computing is the most important IT trend of the year. But many issue of Evonik Magazine people are experiencing “acrophobia”—they fear that they will lose control online at www.evonik.com over their data and processes and as an LIVING iPad app in the 52 Dazzled by Data App Store Celebrating chemistry PAGE 26 Tom Schimmeck reports on the new heart of the rapidly expanding Internet

Management: Lithography: PX2, Hamburg Contact: Questions about orders or AEROSIL®, AEROXIDE®, Biolys®, PHOTOGRAPHY: CORINNA Dr. Kai Laakmann, Questions and suggestions on subscriptions: Dynasylan®, FAVOR®, HOLTHUSEN/PHOTOSELECTION (3), Printing: Neef+Stumme MARKUS BERTSCHI, INGO RAPPERS, Dr. Andreas Siefke, the content of the magazine: Telephone PLEXIGLAS®, PLEXIGLAS premium printing, Wittingen KARSTEN BOOTMANN, Bernd Ziesemer Telephone +49 40 68879-139 truLED®, PLEXIMID®, Savosil™, PLAINPICTURE/FOGSTOCK Copyright: © 2011 by +49 201 177-3340, Fax SiVARA™, ULTRASIL®, COVER PHOTOGRAPHY: CORINNA Publication Manager: Evonik Industries AG, Essen. Fax +49 40 68879-199 VESTAMID®, and VISCOPLEX® are HOLTHUSEN/PHOTOSELECTION Dr. Ingo Kohlschein Reprinting only with the per- +49 201 177-3013, e-mail registered trademarks of Evonik In- Production: mission of the publisher. The e-mail [email protected] dustries AG or one of its subsidiar- Claude Hellweg (Head), content does not necessar- [email protected] ies. They are indicated in capital let- Oliver Lupp ily reflect the opinion of the ters throughout the text. publisher.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

5_Evonik_01-11_EN E_5 14.03.11 15:18 6 INFORMING

Three minutes with... Quote of the month Evonik in figures Prof. Albert Speer Jr. “It will not be possible Evonik Industries owns more than 24,000 patents and World Architect to secure the future registrations and our standard of About 300 universities all over Albert Speer Jr. is a city the world cooperate with Evonik planner and architect. living without inno- He is building the soccer stadiums for vations and technol- € 100,000 is being donated Qatar 2022 by Evonik to support the establish- ogy. But we need ment of the Johannes Rau Library something else, too: in Berlin’s Schoeler Palace. The building, which was constructed in the people’s trust.” 1765, will contain 8,000 volumes Ralf Blauth, Director of Human from the private collection of the Resources and Executive Board former Minister President of North Member of Evonik Industries AG Rhine-Westphalia

Evonik’s Borussia TV ad Professor Albert Speer Jr. is a fourth-generation architect. His Soccer Success grandfather built villas for the sugar barons of Rhineland-Palati- nate and his father, as Hitler’s chief architect, was given the job of Cult status assured building the new “world capital” Germania. But Albert Speer Ju- nior has master plans of his own—for large cities and events all As the shirt sponsor of the over the world. Two of the projects he is involved in are Munich’s Borussia Dortmund (BVB) soc- bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics and the construction of soccer cer team, Evonik recently aired stadiums for the 2022 World Cup in Qatar. But Speer rejects any a new TV ad, just in time for the comparisons to his father and the latter’s megalomania. “The match against archrivals Schalke goal of city development isn’t size but complexity. It doesn’t aim 04 on February 4, 2011. With to be authoritarian; instead it should promote integration,” the the ad, Evonik is underlining its architect explains. “Cities are democratic by nature.” According Already a TV hit: support of the Bundesliga lead- Borussia ad

to him, that’s the case even if the customer is a dictator. KNSK PHOTOGRAPHY: ers. “It’s incredible to see what One thing is especially important to Speer, who has with- BVB, their coach, and fans keep achieving,” says Markus Langer, the head drawn from management and now advises politicians and heads of Corporate Marketing and PR at Evonik, explaining why the company of state: sustainability. But what does that mean for urban devel- had decided to produce ads that focus on soccer. opment? Should the emphasis be on aesthetics, magic or func- So far, Borussia has played a phenomenal season, and virtually every- tionality? Says Speer: “We’re building cities of very high quality, one believes they will win the championship. Says Langer: “The BVB also formally speaking. City planners need time, and cities need sponsorship deal is a vital part of our brand strategy at Evonik. It helps time to develop. I’m worried that people are becoming too achieve a high awareness and identification with the brand.” The company, impatient.” which has been sponsoring BVB since 2007, also supports the team in the One way or the other, the 76-year-old visionary’s plans for shape of humorous advertising that enjoys a cult following among soccer Qatar will set new standards regarding the future implementa- fans. Now Evonik hopes to benefit from Borussia’s meteoric rise. The tion of huge international events. For example, wind and solar secret of the young Dortmund team’s success lies in its strong team play, power will be used to air condition the stadiums and to cool their a coach who uses modern training methods, a very close relationship to desert temperatures to a more agreeable climate. After the their fans, a strong regional identity paired with a dedication to top perfor- World Cup, the buildings will be dismantled or scaled down to mance, and an exemplary inclusion of top international players. an appropriate level for the Emirate’s population. Market research has shown that the public is well aware of Evonik’s Speer sees his master plans for these huge events as part of connection to the team. By now, 60 percent of financial and economic de- an overarching whole. He explains: “Urban development works cision-makers are able to identify Evonik as a key BVB sponsor (compared best when you overcome the constraints of bureaucracy. When to 34 percent in 2008). Among the general public, that figure is now 41 everybody works together, energy is set free. In other words, percent (vs. 24 percent in 2008). What’s more, people who have heard of these events can actually speed up certain processes and political Evonik through Borussia perceive the company more positively than those

PHOTOGRAPHY:DIETER SCHWER PHOTOGRAPHY:DIETER decisions.” CHRISTIANE OPPERMANN who aren’t aware of the connection.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

6_Evonik_01-11_EN E_6 11.03.11 16:47 INFORMING 7

A small car with huge potential: With the aid of wind power, solar cells, and a stunt kite, the extreme athletes Dirk Gion and Stefan Simmerer steer the Wind Explorer across the Australian continent PHOTOGRAPHY: KARSTEN BOOTMANN PHOTOGRAPHY:

Evonik Sets New Record was it necessary to use electricity pioneering projects like this offer that came from conventional an excellent opportunity to test Traveling with the Wind sources. As a result, the Wind their own technologies and gain a Explorer, which weighs only 200 competitive edge in terms of Exclusive report on a pioneering trip: The Wind kilograms, was able to cover 5,000 know-how. The automotive sec- Explorer ran up an electric bill of €10 on kilometers while running up an tor, which is increasingly focusing electricity bill of just €10. on hybrid and electric vehicles, is a its 5,000-kilometer-long trip across Australia The project was made possible particularly competitive field. thanks to various German business That’s why new lightweight mate- For over an hour, we’ve been pass- true,” the two German extreme partners. For example, Evonik rials such as ROHACELL ®, which ing one giant eucalyptus tree after athletes Dirk Gion and Stefan Industries provided the lightweight was used in the Wind Explorer, the other. Even several men can Simmerer explain. The two pilots bodyshell and the powerful lith- and intelligent tire solutions that barely encircle the trunk of this actually set new records on the ium-ion battery. With an energy reduce rolling resistance are prov- mighty tree. Protruding up to 90 journey. It’s the first time that a capacity of eight kilowatt-hours, ing to be very popular. But most meters into the clear night sky, the vehicle powered almost exclusively the battery pack enables the Wind of all, the race to realize e-mobility trees seem to be silent witnesses by wind power and lithium-ion Explorer to drive some 400 kilo- will be determined by the nature of an age long gone. Every few batteries has crossed the Australian meters at demanding temperatures of battery power. Says Evonik CEO minutes, kangaroos cross the street. continent. In the process, they as high as 60 degrees Celsius in the Engel: “Together with our subsid- And flying past it all is the Wind drove the longest stretch ever to be sun. Dr. Klaus Engel, CEO of iary Li-Tec, we aim to become Explorer. Like a futuristic ladybug, covered using nothing other than Evonik, extended his congratula- the European market leader when the car speeds across the asphalt, wind power—493.5 kilometers tions to the team: “This is an amaz- it comes to making battery cells.” which is still warm, passing by the from Eucla to Ceduna. And they ing achievement by Dirk Gion and VOLKER SCHMITT age-old trees and Australia’s fa- managed to do all this with un- Stefan Simmerer. They’ve shown mous marsupials. Our destination beatable resource-efficiency. In what you can do with German lies straight ahead. Starting its fact, they almost achieved carbon high-tech and a pioneering spirit.” journey in Albany, south of Perth, neutrality. The Wind Explorer has one this lightweight electric car will particularly special feature: When traverse Australia, covering 5,000 The battery that the battery is empty, the pilots can kilometers from the Indian Ocean never dies recharge it using a mobile wind to Sydney on the Pacific coast. The Wind Explorer is operated by turbine or a conventional grid, What started as a pioneering lithium-ion batteries that are re- depending on the wind conditions. trip on January 26 culminated in a charged—whenever the wind con- In addition to wind power, the huge success two and a half weeks ditions allow it—by a mobile wind Wind Explorer can be powered by Setting up the mobile wind turbine to later. “For us, it’s a dream come turbine. Only in exceptional cases a stunt kite. For German industry, recharge the battery with wind power

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

7_Evonik_01-11_EN E_7 11.03.11 16:47 8_Evonik_01-11_EN E_8 Evonik Magazine 1 Magazine Evonik 8 INFORMING

SOURCE: WORLD POPULATION AGING 2009; ILLUSTRATIONS: PICFOUR every tenthevery inhabitantisover 60years old The world’s population isaging rapidly. Already today YoungOld North, South about 3.2millionpeopleabove thatage worldwide the increasing numberof100-year-olds. By2050there will be Many more peoplewill reach oldage inthefuture, as shown by 100-year-olds More groups for thepurposeofgraphicillustration dynamic. Themedianages have beendivided into countries suchas IndiaandBrazil are young and USA occupy themid-field, whileemerging have populations. Russia, theoldest China, andthe with amedianage of15,whileJapanandGermany are equalinsize). Niger has theyoungest population shares ofthepopulation above andbelow thatage medianage is40,the (e.g. country ifacountry’s map show themedianage ofthepopulation ofeach The colorsofthedifferent countries ontheworld Age snapshotoftheworld’s populationin2009: Germany France 8,500 UK 9,800 India 3,200 USA 75,400 Country Indonesia China Turkey Brazil Mexico Canada 3,500 Italy 4,500 Russia Egypt South Africa 10 millionpeopleover age 60 One figure for stands Share ofpopulationover age60in2050 10 millioninhabitants One figure for stands Total populationin2050 35.1–40 30.1–35 513 Notreported 25.1–30 40.1–45 | 2011 No. over age100 0–15 20.1–25 15.1–20 12,200 in 2000 2,800 1,700 4,700 1,200 7,200 300 200 0 No. over age100 141,600 473,400 470,700 119,500 114,700 in 2050 29,700 95,400 13,400 44,700 56,300 50,800 11,900 70,000 3,500 8,100 woman, thepopulation will grow rate children oftwo per is over 60today. Withabirth One outofsixAmericans 106.8 million60+ 397.1 million USA 2050: person will belong to thisgroup in2050 was over fourth 60in2000,every age increase. 15thperson every While Mexico will experiencearapid 35.8 million60+ 146.7 million MEXICO 2050: 247.2 million,58.3million60+ 2050: BRAZIL try’s birth rate will further boost population boost growth rate will further birth try’s middle ofthecentury. At thesametime, thecoun- The generation ofBrazilian seniors will triple by the 11.03.11 16:55 INFORMING 9

GERMANY 2050: RUSSIA 2050: 70.8 million, 27 million 60+ 104.3 million, 38.8 million 60+

A shrinking population and growing share of older citizens com- Russia’s population will decrease by one third. Out of 145 bine to make Germany a country of retirees. Citizens over the age million Russians in 2000, only 18.5 percent were over 60. of 60 will increase from 23 percent to more than 38 percent By 2050, that number will increase to 37 percent

JAPAN 2050: 109.2 million, 46.2 million 60+ This country already has the world’s oldest population and there’s no change in sight. People over the age of 60 will account for 42 percent and thus be the dominant group in Japanese society

CHINA 2050: 1.46 billion, 436.5 million 60+

The People’s Republic is set to become the country with the most inhabitants over 60. Population growth will remain moderate with approximately two children per woman INDONESIA 2050: SOUTH 311.3 million AFRICA 2050: 69.4 million 60+ 47.3 million 6.5 million 60+ This island state is one of the The percentage of those young, dynamic nations whose over age 60 will rise elderly generation will only from 7.1 in 2009 to gradually grow from 7.6 per- 13.7 in 2050. The birth cent in 2000 to 22.3 percent in rate will decline from 2.9 the middle of the century to 2.1 percent

INDIA 2050: 1.57 billion, 323.4 million 60+

While the birth rate will drop from three children per woman in 2000 to 2.1 in 2050, this populous country will still experience a population increase of 50 percent by 2050

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

9_Evonik_01-11_EN E_9 11.03.11 16:55 How Popular Is the Chemical Sector? The chemical industry seems to generate more contradictory feelings and ﬁ erce debates than practically any other. The number of Europeans who regard this industry favorably just about matches the number of those who view it critically. In Germany as well, around 35 percent of the public still has negative feelings about the chemical industry. UNESCO’s “International Year of Chemistry” offers a good opportunity to showcase the major role chemicals play in the solution of important questions regarding the future. In other words, it may now be possible to change some people’s opinions about the chemical industry. Five experts describe how this can be done

“Green propaganda” “The image has been transformed”

Prof. Manfred I find chemistry fascinating because life itself and the entire world around us consist Güllner, Director of chemicals. My children have participated in “Science Mania” courses during of the Forsa Institute 1 school vacations. Among other things, they made elephant-shaped chewing gum and a The chemical rocket. I think that’s great! 1 industry currently People used to associate the chemical industry with bad smells and dead fish in enjoys a better 2 poisoned rivers. The industry’s image has changed—and chemistry is now reputation among the considered an exciting and important science. German public than the Chemistry is still clearly not where it PHOTOGRAPHY: ARGUM/FALK HELLER ARGUM/FALK PHOTOGRAPHY: energy industry, the should be in schools. Most students finance sector, the oil industry, or the advertising 3 hate chemistry because it is presented to sector. The only companies with a better image them in a boring manner. In fact, are those in the telecommunication, automotive, chemistry classes today are often and waste disposal industries, as well as the about as exciting as memorizing a handicraft trades. telephone book. The chemical industry’s public image was The chemical industry is a key worse at the end of the 1990s than it is 2 economic sector for Germany. today—but it was also much better five years ago. 4 That’s why we need motivated The image of chemicals is negatively influ- teachers and afterschool programs 3 enced by “green propaganda” in certain that can get students interested media and the negative input of specific political PHOTOGRAPHY: PR PHOTOGRAPHY: in chemistry as a potential career. groups and parties. This causes many people to lose sight of the utility chemicals and the industry offer people. It would be a massive step forward if 4 companies in the chemical industry could Dr. Silvana gain the trust of the public. “Open House Days” Koch-Mehrin, Vice President offer one way of doing achieving this goal. of the European Parliament

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

10_Evonik_01-11_EN 10 11.03.11 18:06 DEBATING 11

How popular To what extent Where do What is the chemical has its image problems still should be 1 sector? 2 improved? 3 exist? 4 done?

“Risks are exaggerated” “More openness”

Professor Wolfgang Marc-Oliver Voigt, A. Herrmann, President Editor-in-Chief of of Technische Pressesprecher Universität München magazine (Helios Media) As a die-hard chem- 1 ist, I have to say that The chemical the chemical industry 1 industry will is extremely likeable, in- probably never be as PHOTOGRAPHY: PR PHOTOGRAPHY: PHOTOGRAPHY: ECKERT/HEDDERGOTT PHOTOGRAPHY: dispensable to our daily popular as a “soft” DDP IMAGES/DADP PHOTOGRAPHY: lives, an engine of innovation for the economy economic sector such as the sporting goods Dr. Rainer Grießhammer, Chairman of the Institute for Applied Ecology, based in Freiburg and society, and a problem-solver for billions of industry. Nevertheless, as an employer with people. It is also driving science forward. a promising future, it has its own charisma and There’s no doubt that the industry’s image appeal. “There are still problems” 2 was tarnished, especially in the 1970s and Chemical companies used to be regarded Most people don’t realize that most of the ‘80s. However, under constant public scrutiny, 2 as notorious polluters. But today they’re 1 products they use are linked with chemicals. it has done much to remedy the situation viewed in a more balanced way. The industry The chemical industry definitely has a good rep- through innovation, self-criticism, and hard has become much more open, and this gives it utation when it comes to high-tech photovoltaic work. Today, the chemical industry’s reputation a lot more credibility. applications. But its image isn’t so good when has changed: Many people realize that without People are still much too unaware of the it comes to genetic engineering in agriculture. it, society will not be able to address key 3 important role the chemical industry is The industry’s image has of course changed issues of the future, such as energy and food. playing in key areas—for example, its contribu- 2 for the better since the 1980s—and justifi- Some segments of the public perhaps tion to climate protection. As a result, it is ably so. After all, there were many industrial 3 don’t sufficiently understand the extent to often quickly associated with sectors suspected accidents back then, as well as problematic which chemicals determine the course of our of doing nothing to improve the situation. chemicals like the CFC ozone killers and the daily lives, and how in many cases they make wood preserver pentachlorophenol. In general, Communication offers one way of chang- life bearable, longer, and mobile—just to there were a lot of environmental and 4 ing this attitude; the key is to do more mention a few things. health problems associated with the industry— to increase the public’s awareness. At the same including highly contaminated breast milk. Like all high-tech, science-based industries, time, praising one’s own accomplishments 4 the chemical sector faces the problem of and contributions must not be allowed to de- The biggest problems today are to be found one-sided public opinion that exaggerates risks. generate into dull “greenwashing.” 3 in the developing countries and emerging This can only be counteracted through perma- markets. They include pesticides, pollution due nent, intense, and honest communication; to natural resource extraction, and issues related transparency; and a willingness to discuss all the to electronic scrap processing. We still have issues. The chemical sector must intensify problems in Germany as well. Examples include its dialogue with society—both in terms of its the use of plasticizers in children’s toys and the industrial activities and its scientific endeavors. In animal feed scandals we regularly hear about. addition, we need to get as many young people The registration, evaluation, and authoriza- as possible interested in the natural sciences— 4 tion of chemicals—especially those released intellectually and emotionally. Achieving this before 1981—in accordance with REACH legis- goal will in turn require teacher training courses lation will require several years of intense work. that produce motivated teachers.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

11_Evonik_01-11_EN 11 11.03.11 18:06 12 SHAPING

When I’m 64 (and More) Everyone wants to live a long life without growing old. Now, the over-60s are rising up—against prejudices and physical decline TEXT CHRISTIANE OPPERMANN

Track and ﬁ eld champion Ruth Frith: She began her sports career at the age of 74, and at the age of 100 she was an Olympic champion in the Senior Games

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RUTH FRITH HOLDS WORLD RECORDS in the be more old people than young ones in the world—for shot put, hammer throw, and discus throw. But it’s the first time ever,” he adds. The babies of today will not the distances she has posted that are remarkable— grow up in a society consisting of older people with it’s the age at which Frith entered the World Masters an average age of 51. What a nightmare! Games in Sydney in October 2009. The sprightly Aus- Of course it might be a nightmare if we cling to our tralian was 100 years old that year, when she success- prejudice that the last third of a human life is bound up fully participated in the over-80 age group. She toed with high social costs and personal suffering, handi- the starting line once again in October 2010. Frith caps, loneliness, and limitations. That was the idea in started doing competitive sports at the age of 74, when the 1960s, for example, when the still-young Beatles many women are reaching for a walker. But she can’t sang, “Will you still need me, will you still feed me, understand why she’s receiving so much publicity: when I’m 64?” “Why do people go on and on about my age? I can’t All that is set to change, forecasts Claudius Seidl, help being a hundred years old. That’s just what hap- Editor of the magazine section of the Frankfurter pened to me.” She thinks it’s much more important Allgemeine Zeitung’s Sunday edition and author of that her enthusiasm makes her a model for other peo- the book Schöne, junge Welt (Brave Young World): ple who are determined to pursue their interests in “The cultural and social shock of an aging society spite of their age. won’t be all that great. We won’t even notice it very much. We’re already a very old society, but people Aging as liberation don’t have the impression that everything is crum- Never before in history have people had the oppor- bling to pieces.” tunity to live so long, so well, and so independently. The struggle now being waged by the generation As recently as the start of the 20th century, the aver- of over-60s is to increase awareness of the fact that age life expectancy in Germany was 46 years for men old age is not a burden but a liberation. “Much ear- and 52 years for women. Men and women who were lier than in Germany, we saw these glowing pictures born 50 years later can expect to live an average of 76 of the baby boomer generation in the USA, which is or 80 years, respectively. Every second child born to- older than our own postwar generation. The gener- day has a good chance of living to see the beginning of ation of Meryl Streep, Bill Clinton, and Hillary Clin- the next century and its first decade. ton—all of them are over 60—was presented as youth- “As a modern society, we have done much to elimi- ful and energetic long before we Germans started to nate death at an early age. But we are paying the price, routinely show gray-haired models on the billboards,” in that we are seeing an increase in the proportion of says the business journalist and author Elisabeth Nie- older people in the population,” says Professor Rich- jahr. “Age in itself and the year of one’s birth will be- ard Faragher, a biologist from the University of Brigh- come less relevant in the future. What people do with

PHOTOGRAPHY: REUTERS PHOTOGRAPHY: ton in the UK. “In the middle of this century there will it will be more important.”

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

13_Evonik_01-11_EN E_13 11.03.11 17:56 Old and young demonstrators protesting against the redevelopment of Stuttgart station; the mediator Dr. Heiner Geißler, 81: The former CDU Secretary- General and Attac member persuaded the opponents to negotiate and de- escalated the conﬂ ict

Active, fit, and extremely individualistic

The baby boomers have grown older, but they can’t dividuals against the continuous aging of the body and imagine retreating into the role of retiring old-timers, the mind over a lifetime. However, they have discov- as their parents and grandparents once did. As post- ered a whole series of mosaic pieces that give us in- war children they have not had to restrict themselves sights into the aging process and therefore various to many limits so far in their lives, so why should they ways in which it might be possible to slow this pro- start doing so in their retirement years? cess down. People in the 50+ generation are active and fit, “The shock of an and they have enough money to live a comfortable Everyone wants a long life, but no one wants to look old aging society life beyond the “sound barrier.” They have a total net income of €643 billion—more than their children’s The first line of defense against the visible signs of ag- won’t be generation. They spend more money on fashionable ing is the jar of anti-wrinkle cream. The combinations all that great” clothes than their kids do. “Best agers,” as these young of active ingredients in such preparations are becom- Claudius Seidl seniors like to be called, are major supporters of the ing increasingly exotic: retinol, hyaluronic acid, cav- culture business—without the audience members who iar extract, collagen, particles of silk or gold, vitamins, are over 50, many theaters and concert halls would and hormone replacements, to name just a few. Ap- have to close down. And even the boom in cruises was proximately 65 percent of all women over the age of kicked off by young seniors’ love of travel: approxi- 18 use such products. But men also depend on the ef- mately two thirds of the passengers on comfortable fects of youth from a tube. In fact, not only do 35 per- riverboats and floating entertainment palaces in the cent of men use anti-wrinkle preparations; on aver- world’s oceans are booked by well-to-do passengers age men actually spend 10 percent more on beauty with gray hair. products than women do. Every year, people spend The new pensioners have a broad range of inter- between €156 and €180 per capita on creams and ests, like to experiment, and are highly individualistic. lotions that promise to combat wrinkles and other They want to enjoy life and be active, and they don’t visible signs of aging. Companies that jumped onto want to be reminded of their age. The struggle against the anti-aging bandwagon early on are experienc- inevitable decline—wrinkled skin, aches and pains, ing gratifying increases in revenue. For example, the and impotence—is waged by each of them individually small Aachen-based company Babor recently posted with strict discipline and by every means available. growth of 47 percent thanks to its series of anti-aging Unlike their parents’ and grandparents’ generations, cosmetics for young seniors. they are not fighting a lonely battle; on the contrary, When it is no longer possible to cream away the they are getting a broad range of support from busi- creases on your forehead and the wrinkles around ness and science. your lips, it’s time to turn to more drastic measures. Of course researchers and scientists have not yet At that point, the botulism toxin (Botox) comes into

PHOTOGRAPHY: PICTURE-ALLIANCE (3) PHOTOGRAPHY: found the fountain of youth that would immunize in- play. This nerve poison is injected into the mus-

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Aging with Over 60 the stars Bob Dylan 69 Sir Mick Jagger 67 Sir Paul McCartney 68 Keith Richards 67 Dame Helen Mirren 65 Sigourney Weaver 61

Over 70 Vanessa Redgrave 74 Bruno Ganz 70 Götz George 72 Sir Anthony Hopkins 73 Elke Sommer 70 Robert Redford 74

Over 80 Clint Eastwood 80 Sir Sean Connery 80 Doris Day 87 Joachim “Blacky“ Fuchsberger 84 Harry Belafonte 84 Armin Mueller-Stahl 80

A new career beyond the age barrier: The dancer and actress Eveline Hall, 65, is a very popular model on the catwalk—which used to be the Over 90 exclusive domain of young models Margot Hielscher 91 Zsa Zsa Gabor 94 Johannes (Jopi) Heesters 107 Kirk Douglas 94 Artur “Atze“ Brauner 92 Professor Marcel Reich-Ranicki 90

PHOTOGRAPHY: FACE TO FACE, PICTURE-ALLIANCE (4), GETTY IMAGES, DAVIDS, INTERTOPICS, SCHNEIDER PRESS

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Psychoanalyst and author Dr. Margarete Mitscherlich, 93, here in an ironic photomontage of herself as both patient and analyst, on aging: “I think it’s an impertinence that people not only grow old but also have to die”

Staying young at any cost

cles whose activity causes wrinkles. When com- “We need a different concept of feminine beauty. Af- bined with a filler material made of substances that ter all, 65-year-old women can’t be expected to have are either synthetic or extracted from the patient’s the smooth faces of 25-year-olds,” said the former ac- own body, the partial paralysis of the muscle tissue tress, physician, and author Dr. Marianne Koch in a irons out wrinkles. talk show with Sandra Maischberger, demonstrating with the help of perfect makeup and curly red hair that Injecting, lifting, tightening a 79-year-old woman can look better than one in her The triumphal march of the highly dangerous botu- mid-50s. But it’s not always external pressure that mo- linum toxin began in the USA and has penetrated Eu- tivates individuals to undergo beauty-enhancing plas- rope in recent years. According to market research- tic surgery. ers’ reports, 5.5 million women in the UK, France, Baby boomers “don’t want their lives to be over Germany, Spain, and Italy are considering a Botox once they have become 40 or even 35. They want to treatment. In Germany, 100,000 Botox treatments claim a young person’s right to be active and attrac- were already injected in 2008. tive, even at an age when previous generations had The biggest supplier is the U.S. pharmaceuti- long ago given it up,” says Niejahr concerning the no- cal company Allergan. The company’s CEO David agers’ zest for life. Pyott says that Botox “is an international blockbuster The French author and feminist Benoîte Groult that accounts for almost 30 percent of our total sales speaks for many women when she says, “It was neces- of $4.4 billion. Thanks also to Botox our sales have sary to do something to combat this sly aging process. grown at the impressive rate of 18 percent per year In my case, I wanted to have an entirely new head. ever since 1998.” The German company Merz, which I’ve discovered that my most precious possession is has made a name for itself in recent decades with vi- me, and that I deserve this sinfully expensive pres- tamin pills for women (“Merz Spezial Dragees”), has ent—a facelift.”

PHOTOGRAPHY: BREUELBILD PHOTOGRAPHY: now also entered the fray in this attractive growth That’s why many best agers also are turning to “What keeps you market; it now sells Botox under the name of Xeomin. plastic surgeons so that the age rings can be snipped The feature of Botox that makes it a good busi- from their faces and necks, and the fat they’ve ac- young is a healthy ness proposition for companies, doctors, and cosme- cumulated on their bellies, hips, and thighs from lifestyle, good ticians but annoying for consumers is the fact that the the overly good life can be removed via liposuction. food, and sports— beauty resulting from this poisonous injection is of These drastic measures are not cheap: Germany’s limited duration; after three to six months the effect most prominent plastic surgeon Professor Werner L. biological wears off and it’s time for the next treatment. That’s Mang, charges €400 per Botox treatment—per zone. anti-aging” why Botox flat rates are already being offered in Ham- A complete facelift costs up to €10,000—not includ- Professor burg and Berlin: One year of wrinkle-free looks costs ing the anesthesia, fees for medical staff, and hospi- Werner L. Mang about €500. tal accommodation.

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Ex-President Jimmy Carter received worldwide recognition for his efforts on behalf of human rights only after he left the White House

The plastic surgeon, who obviously doesn’t have to probiotics have been primarily used in the production worry that he’ll run out of patients in the near future, of yogurt. Even though their effectiveness is a mat- can afford to call for a halt to the renewal mania of a ter of controversy among scientists, they are none- society that is fixated on youth: “A surgical interven- theless popular among health-conscious consumers. tion has to be the last link in the chain of efforts aimed The food trade, which has to settle for minimal mar- at keeping an individual completely happy inside his gins in the constant price wars over normal products,

or her own skin. The main things that keep a person hopes that the number of food products enriched with PRESS SIPA PHOTOGRAPHY: young are a healthy lifestyle, good food, and sports— microorganisms will soon increase, because they are “I wanted to in other words, a well-balanced biological anti-ag- so profitable. have an entirely ing program.” Observers of the health food, diet food, and organic food market will soon be asking what else they new head” Eating right for a long life can eat in order to have a long life. Some say that lon- Benoîte Groult The idea that true beauty comes from within is by no gevity is promoted by cold-pressed olive oil, or red means a new discovery. However, the strenuous ef- wine from Bordeaux, which is said to prevent arte- forts that must be made to attain this beauty have to riosclerosis and thus heart attacks and strokes, or a be started long before the first signs of aging appear. Mediterranean diet rich in tomatoes, olives, garlic, For decades, a never-ending series of diets and beauty pasta, and sheep’s cheese, or Japanese food including recipes have promised their users eternal youth. As raw fish, sticky rice, and fried tofu. Granary bread, early as the 1950s, Professor Linus C. Pauling in the vegetables, and fruit are of course old favorites in this USA recommended taking high doses of vitamin C to regard. But there’s controversy not only about what combat not only the common cold but also all kinds of one should be eating but also how much. Three por- ailments and illnesses, and thus to prevent signs of ag- tions a day or five? ing. Back then, many dismissed Pauling, the recipient Those who seek advice from very old people are of two Nobel prizes, as a charlatan. no less confused. Many of the over-100s have never Today nobody disputes the fact any longer that vi- been on a diet. The demonstrably oldest woman in tamins play an important role in the struggle against the world, the Frenchwoman Jeanne Calment, who signs of aging. In addition to vitamin C, vitamins B, E, died in 1997 at the age of 122 years, five months, and and A, as well as minerals and antioxidants are rec- 14 days, enjoyed her glass of red wine and didn’t stop ommended. Combined preparations are still the top- smoking until the age of 119. The athlete Ruth Frith selling dietary supplements, and they have now been likes to tell people that she never eats vegetables be- reinforced by probiotics, which began to appear on cause she doesn’t like the way they taste. supermarket shelves a few years ago. This functional Instead, Frith depends on sports. It’s beyond food contains useful microorganisms that settle in hu- dispute that physical exercise and mental activity

PHOTOGRAPHY ABOVE: SERGE COHEN/AGENTUR FOCUS, GETTY COHEN/AGENTUR IMAGES SERGE ABOVE: PHOTOGRAPHY man intestines and support the immune system. So far, lengthen life and prevent serious physical in-

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A senior explores the world: Anthony Smith, 84, together with three friends aged between 56 and 61, aims to cross the Atlantic on a raft made of plastic gas pipes

Launching a second career

firmities. When Jane Fonda persuaded house- works as an advocate of new forms of cooperative wives to put on tight tops and leggings and engage living for old people and self-determination for se- in intense exercise back in the late 1970s, aerobics niors. In the controversy over the billion-euro proj- courses started to boom. Similarly, when Arnold ect Stuttgart 21, the front lines between the support- Schwarzenegger presented his steely body and flat ers and opponents of the new railroad station became belly—the result of a strenuous program involving bi- increasingly entrenched. The person chosen to re- ceps training and weightlifting—millions of men and solve the situation was not an active politician, con- “A person’s women followed his example and headed for the fit- flict researcher, or arbitrator but a man who was over position in the ness studios and gyms. 80: Dr. Heiner Geißler, former Secretary-General of the CDU political party and, as a retiree, a member of pecking order Joining in, getting involved, arbitrating the anti-globalization movement Attac. Geißler, who is indicated by For best agers it’s important to stay flexible—in ev- has withstood many a political crisis, managed to de- his or her life ery respect. Many people who have reached official fuse the tense confrontation between railroad man- retirement age aren’t interested in abstinence and a agers, local inhabitants, and demonstrators. expectancy” more laid-back way of life. In many cases, retirees be- Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter became one Professor Sir gin a new career or find a new mission in life, because of the most significant American politicians only af- Michael Marmot in the absence of fears related to their jobs and status ter he left the White House, thanks to his tireless ef- they feel freer to explore new directions and pursue forts on behalf of human rights and as a mediator and their interests. special ambassador during international conflicts and Many engineers, technicians, and machine build- humanitarian catastrophes. He is the only president in ers get involved in development assistance; as senior U.S. history to receive the Nobel Prize for peace after experts, they help to build and operate wells, schools, leaving office. and factories in Third World countries. Retired phy- Another example of successful aging for many sicians work in aid organizations such as Doctors younger best agers is the grande dame of psychoanaly- Without Borders in crisis regions or clinics in under- sis, Dr. Margarete Mitscherlich. Now 93 years old, she developed regions. Thousands of retirees do volun- is still writing books and dispensing wise advice on teer work in their communities. They support young current issues. She believes that “it’s an impertinence people, work in athletic associations, organize after- that people not only grow old but also have to die.” noon outings for old people, or help to put on local It may be that involvement, participation, and a va- social events. riety of interests constitute the real key to a fountain They are available whenever their skills are of youth that can delay a withdrawal from life and ul- needed. That’s especially true of politicians, even— timate departure for many years. The British epide- or especially—after they are out of office. For exam- miologist Professor Sir Michael Marmot claims that

ple, the former mayor of Bremen, Dr. Henning Scherf, social status is the factor that determines how old an PRESS PR, ACTION PHOTOGRAPHY:

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18_Evonik_01-11_EN E_18 11.03.11 17:56 Repair and maintenance Off to the tube... Diagnostic imaging methods are frequently used for older patients: Even in the age group of over-80s, almost every tenth patient is sent for an MRT analysis and every sixth patient is sent for computer tomography

SOURCE: BARMER GEK PHYSICIANS’ REPORT 2011, FIGURES FROM 2009

20–24 years 80–84 years

MRT 4.8 % 8.4 %

CT 2.1 % 16.9 %

...and to the repair shop

67,689 209,000 heart pacemakers artificial hip implanted in 2008 replacements in 2009

380,000 175,000 coronary stents in 2007 artificial knee replacements in 2009

individual becomes: “A person’s position in the social SOURCE: BARMER GEK STUDY 2010 pecking order is indicated, among other things, by his or her life expectancy. We know from our investiga- Target groups for heart operations tions of the British civil service—an institution that is 20–39 years absolutely brilliant when it comes to sorting people Of the 67,689 patients who 0.6 into a hierarchic system—that the life expectancy of received a heart pacemaker in 0–20 years 2008, 53.4 percent were be- 0.3 40–59 years high-ranking civil servants, such as office directors, is 5.2 on average 4.4 years longer than that of ordinary civil tween 60 and 79 years old and servants such as messengers or clerks.” 40.5 percent were 80 or older According to Marmot’s thesis, it’s not the stressed- (cf. graph). In addition, about out top managers who die earlier but the clerks—so it’s 380,000 stents and 65,000 by- Over passes are implanted every year— 80 years % a mistake to say, as people like to do, that the clerks are the ones who have a cushy job. primarily in patients over 60 40.5 Living a self-determined life certainly does seem SOURCE: BQS INSTITUTE FOR QUALITY AND PATIENT SAFETY, FIGURES FOR 2008 60–79 years to be a good survival strategy. Many of the over-100s 53.4 were also able to live in a social structure that respected and valued them. Their place in their village or circle of friends and family was always secure. The Health can be expensive Australian athlete Ruth Frith calls for respect and recognition for seniors as well: “When you see old people The highest costs in the healthcare sector are due to male patients over on the sports field, don’t laugh at their crooked legs 80. Outpatient medical care for a male patient in this age group costs €939 and shriveled knees. Let them know you’re happy to on average. From a health insurer’s viewpoint, women aged between see them there. Tell them, ‘Keep up the good work, 70 and 79 are the most expensive female patients, costing an average of it’s good for you.’” €812.50 per capita and year

Men Women

SUMMARY 867.00 € 939.00 € • Never before in history have there been so many 699.50 € 812.50 € 790.00 € people over 60 who can expect to reach a healthy and 627.50 € ripe old age • Business and science are helping to slow down the age-related degradation process • Many young seniors are undertaking 60–69 years 70–79 years >80 years completely new tasks and volunteer work ILLUSTRATIONS: SHUTTERSTOCK (2), PICFOUR (3) SHUTTERSTOCK ILLUSTRATIONS: SOURCE: BARMER GEK PHYSICIANS’ REPORT 2011, FIGURES FROM 2009

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

19_Evonik_01-11_EN E_19 11.03.11 17:56 Functional Food 3. Probiotic yogurts Vegetarians by age 4. Meatless 5. According to the were the pioneers among foods with Water 7. A 75-year-old man Vegetarian Association, about health benefits. They were followed by needs about 20 percent less 4,000 people become vege- ACE drinks, Omega-3 bread and eggs, 10 –19 The Search for Eternal Life 6 energy than a 25-year-old. But % tarians every week. In 2010 Nutritional supplements . The European market for nutri- and enriched margarine. The German he needs the same amount of 2.25 20 –29 about 8 percent of Germans tional supplements posted a sales volume of approximately Social and medical progress are enabling people to stay healthy and “young” longer and longer. market for functional food reached vitamins and minerals, if not 2 30 –39 were vegetarians. The typical €6 billion in 2007. Almost one in every three Germans Entire industries are devoted to helping growing numbers of people share in this tremendous change. 74Organic food . Organic food, long a volume of €4.52 billion in 2009, more. Water is the most impor- vegetarian is a young woman uses nutritional supplements. Typical ingredients include available in supermarkets, is bought compared to €1.9 billion in 1999. 40 – 49 tant component of the human To be precise, our struggle for eternal life already starts in early childhood who has an above-average minerals, vitamins, vitaminoids, and fatty acids. However, by 74 percent of Germans. In 2005, In 2005/2006 alone, sales of fluoride- diet, and a daily intake of 2.25 50 –59 education and lives in a big according to the German Nutrition Society, only iodized salt sales of organic food via conven- enriched salt and folic acid increased liters of water is recommended. city. According to one study, and folic acid should be taken as supplements—all other tional sales channels increased by by 29.7 percent. 60 – 69 25 percent, while sales in special- vegetarians have a lower nutrients are already provided by a healthy diet. Nonetheless, Mother’s milk 1. This is the founda- ized organic food retail outlets grew 70 –79 incidence of cancer—and nutritional supplements may be helpful for pregnant tion of a long life, as it has an impact “only” by 10 percent. 0 % 20 % 40 % live longer. women, growing teenagers, competitive athletes, chronically on central bodily functions. Power from a can ill patients, vegans, and seniors. Nutrition Mother’s milk helps infants to fight Red Bull and Kombucha, Prolonging life and staying healthy—with off bacteria and viruses, changes which claim to deliver en- 11 the help of the right food: An anti-aging diet Nicotine patches . In 2009 about 30 the activity of entire groups of ergy and concentration as should be low in fats and sugars, include lots percent of Germans smoked. Most of them genes, and influences intelligence. we seek longer life, have Golf 12. Golf is in fourth Designer support. Support stockings for of fruit, vegetables, and water, and be low in have already tried to stop. Aids such as nicotine Nowadays computers can help aging patients. The recipe is simple: 90 percent brought their producer place among the fast- thrombosis or varicose veins used to be a alcohol and caffeine. Many centenarians live chewing gum, patches, or lozenges release WLAN and Bluetooth help them stay in touch with their family doctors water, about 6 percent lactose, Dietrich Mateschitz success nicotine more slowly and in smaller amounts, est-growing leisure seg- typical product for seniors. But in 2009 the in Sardinia; their secret is a low-calorie diet and a number of other sugars, worldwide. His Formula ments, after fitness, tour- designer Wolfgang Joop declared them a 15 that includes lots of fruit and vegetables. thus reducing withdrawal symptoms. Living in assisted housing or at home? lipids, and proteins. In addition, One team, Red Bull Racing, Many nicotine patches contain the polymer ism, and gambling. About 42 fashion item. The stockings in his “Hurt and According to a US survey, most seniors chose mother’s milk contains a was last year’s champion. 14 EUDRAGIT ™ from Evonik. percent of all German golfers are Heal” collection are finely woven and make Traveling at age 60+ . Seniors have Frequent trips: The 60+ generation 14 to live at home: complex assortment of about older than 55. women’s legs look slim and beautiful. made a big contribution to the growth of 80% 200 different sugar chains. the German travel market, with their num- 75 Wellness 84% bers growing by up to 80 percent since 60 10 of 55–64-year-olds The human race is constantly growing Wellness . The market for wellness vacations grew by an 13 8 Telemedicine . Automatic Thinking young. Being 1972. Today they constitute 29 percent of 92% Fitness . Fitness is the most popular lei- 40% of 65–74-year-olds THINK- PHOTOGRAPHY: HOLTHUSEN/PHOTOSELECTION, CORINNA PHOTOGRAPHY: BACKGROUND (2), GETTY (2), PIXELIO (2), SHUTTERSTOCK (2), STILLSONLINE, IMAGES ISTOCKPHOTO JALAG, STOCK, FOLDOUT GRAPHICS: PICFOUR LAIF, CORBIS, F1ONLINE, ZOONAR, IMAGES, PICTURE ALLIANCE, ARCO older—and fitter. Wellness vacations are Millions of members of average of 10 percent annually between 2004 and 2009. all vacation travelers. In the future, seniors 41 9 measurements and wireless active and keeping a positive bestsellers, and together with fitness studios sure activity in Germany. Some 24 per- ﬁ tness studios In 2009 Germans spent more than €1 billion on wellness 33 documentation can make visits to attitude can slow down the will travel even more frequently. Their cent of people between 11 and 39 feel 2009 and spas, are helping bodies and minds to vacations, three quarters of them within Germany’s borders. long experience as travelers, financial re- they are part of this movement, as do 30 7.07 the doctor’s office unnecessary. aging process. The brain loses stay young. According to anti-aging experts, Vacations also make life meaningful in other ways: 1972 2005 1972 2005 Family doctors can be contacted less of its abilities and devel- sources, and good health make them the 0% percent of people between 20 and 29. 4.38 95% regular activity, including mental activity, Religious pilgrimages, journeys focusing on art and culture, of over 75-year-olds via WLAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee, ops new potential, but it most sought-after vacationers. 60–69 years 70+ years slows down the aging process. Almost 60 percent of the respondents of 2003 and nature-oriented vacations all put special emphasis on or RFID. In the USA, the market has to be trained. Memory one survey said fitness was “in.” The val- new experiences and self-discovery. ues associated with fitness, such as resis- for heart rhythm management training programs are ideal tance to stress, top performance, and physical at- systems alone is worth US$5 bil- for this purpose, and they lion a year and is growing by are taking the computer game of people over 85 need help 0 10 tractiveness,tti are more valuedldiWt in Western societies iti 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 50% to manage their daily lives 90 10 0 than ever before. Joggers preferp pproducts from the 10 percent annually. sector by storm. Adidasa brand,d,,y followedw byy Nike anda Puma.m

billion was spent for nursing care 27 28 From the cradle to the grave, we strive to prolong 16 17 18 Hips . In 2002, 108,000 people in Germany Walker . The German Hightech Industry Anti-aging . A study conducted Active ingredients . Natural cosmetics . Germany is the 25 our lives. Never before have we been so well insurance in Germany in 2008 . received artificial hips, and in 2009 the Association reports that in a few years we Beauty by the GfK consumer research According to the Soci- biggest European market for cosmetics, €19.16 informed about how to do so number rose to 209,000. From a medical will see bike racks being replaced by parking The first wrinkles due to aging already company shows that 65 percent of ety for Dermopharmacy, and “green” cosmetics are especially start appearing when you’re about 25. 22 viewpoint, it’s difficult to determine when an areas for walkers. In 2008, 320,000 walkers women over age 18—and 35 percent only five ingredients popular. The natural cosmetics market in Botox . This “miracle cure” is Under the knife 23. Top ten areas of plastic The process seems to be unstoppable, and artificial hip is needed. Studies have shown were sold in Germany, and in 2010 that of the men—use anti-aging creams. in creams have been proven Germany represents 5.2 percent of the more popular than ever: The USA- Most plastic surgery surgery in 2009 23 a whole industry has taken up the struggle that patients are growing reluctant to accept number rose to approximately 500,000. And once started, the habit effective: Vitamin A, its derivatives such total market, compared to 2 percent in the based manufacturer Allergan patients are between 20 against it, with weapons ranging from 1. Eyelid tuck limited mobility. The reasons why artificial The first walker came to Germany from continues. Germans spend between as retinol and retinaldehyde, Vitamin C, UK. This benefits local producers: In posted sales of US$1.1 billion in and 29 years old; the anti-aging creams to plastic surgery and 65% 2. Breast enlargement million men hips are increasingly in demand is that people Sweden in the early 1990s. Today competition is coming from €156 and €180 on anti-aging creams alpha-liponic acid, and some amino acid Germany, 90 percent of natural cosmetics 2007—an increase of more than second-largest group is Botox treatments. 3. Liposuction 26 want to participate in sports or simply feel fit. walker manufacturers in Asia. per capita annually. chains, especially pentapeptides. are produced domestically. 25 percent. According to the Soci- made up of patients be- Costs due to illness . The lion’s share ety of German Plastic Surgeons, in tween the ages of 40 and 4. Anti-wrinkle injection of costs due to illness is generated by 2009 the number of treatments 65 to 85-year-olds—€96.8 billion in 49. Every 20th German in 5. Botox treatment 24 with Botox and filler substances in Viagra . A total of 35 million 2008—followed by 45 to 64-year-olds. 19 20 the 40 to 49 age group has 6. Breast reduction Immortality 29. In the late 1990s cell Eternal life 30. Cryonics is a process for conserving a body in Greater longevity . The Federal Dieting . According to one survey, 82 percent of 21 men in 120 countries took Viagra Hormones . The human body makes fewer Germany grew by 50 percent to had plastic surgery, with Medicine Statistical Office estimates that Germans over age 16 have been on a diet at some 7. Rhinoplasty during its first decade on the biologists succeeded in synthetically liquid nitrogen at -196°C after the blood has been replaced with hormones with advancing age. If the hormone almost 146,000. Botox is derived Anti-aging medicine is prescribed in women accounting for 80 <15 producing the enzyme telomerase. The anti-freeze. This prevents the bodies from decaying and can pre- Germans born between 2004 and point. Dietetic foods with a value of €729.4 million 8. “Tummy tuck” market, not counting illegal prep- ≥85 production sinks below certain values, a loss from the clostridium botulinum percent of the patients. 15–29 various areas: Artificial limbs replace 2006 will have an average lifespan were produced in Germany in 2007. arations promising similar results. clock is ticking for human cells in the serve them for centuries. Cryonics advocates hope that there will of vitality may result. That’s why hormones are bacterium—a powerful toxin that The average cost of such 9. Neck, forehead, facelift worn-out natural ones, more and of 76.64 years for boys and 82.08 In 2006, 25 percent of the Pfizer, the producer of this telomeres, which are located at the ends of be enough time for science to advance to the point where these often prescribed as anti-aging products. is a million times more poisonous an operation is €2,000. 10. Lip correction better medications relieve age-related years for girls. For children born population in the USA was erection-enhancing drug, posted Costs due to 30–44 the chromosomes. Telomeres grow shorter preserved people can be reanimated. Cryonics has been practiced However, according to the German Society for than arsenic. Botox smooths illness according symptoms such as cardiovascular diseases in 2009, the average life expectancy classified as obese and caused annual sales of US$1.89 billion with every cell division, and when they in the USA since 1967. The process is not permitted in Germany, Gynecology and Obstetrics there is no evidence wrinkles only in the face, where to age groups and potency problems, and artificial is 77.33 years for boys and 82.53 costs of US$147 billion as a result from Viagra in 2009. When disappear completely the cell dies. Telomer- but every year there are about 15 inquiries for a connection with that they have a positive effect or slow down the muscles are directly connected 65–84 in 2008: hormones restore lost vitality. years for girls. of their related illnesses. the patent expires in 2013, ase adds new telomeres to the chromosomes. cryonics companies in the USA. The process costs €120,000. natural aging processes. with the skin. €254.28 billion generic products will flood the In 2009 the discoverers of telomerase 45–64 1. SÜDDEUTSCHE (SZ)2011; 2. TNS EMNID 2005, BD. ÖKOL. LEBENSMITTELWIRTSCHAFT E.V.; 3. STATISTA 2011; 4. UNIV. JENA, DATA FROM 2007; 5. BD. D. VEGETARIER, 2010; 6. AID INFODIENST ERNÄHRG., LANDW., VERBR.-SCHUTZ E.V.; 7. AID INFODIENST ERNÄHRG, LANDW., VERBR.-SCHUTZ E.V./FORUM TRINKWASSER E.V.; 8. TRENDSTUDIE TIMESCOUT 2009, TFACTORY HAMBURG; 9. DSSV E.V. – AGV DT. FITNESS- U. GESUNDHEITS-ANLG.; 10. GERMAN WELLNESS ASSN; 11. 1A KRANKENVERS./EVONIK/INST. FOR QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY IN HEALTH CARE/ FEDERAL CENTRE FOR HEALTH EDUC.; 12. DT. GOLF VERBAND E.V., 2009; 13. AAL-DT/VDI/VDE INNOVATION + TECH- market and prices will fall. were honored with the Nobel Prize. NIK, FIGURES FROM 2003; 14. FORSCH.-GEM. URLAUB U. REISEN E.V. TRAVEL ANALYSIS RA 2006; 15. AAL-DT/VDI/VDE INNOVATION + TECHNIK, FIGURES FROM 2000; 16. WDR 2010; 17. FR 2010; 18. ORGANIC MONITOR 2010; 19. FED. STAT. OFFICE, 2009; 20. STATISTA 2007/SPIEGEL 2009; 21. DT GES. F. GYN. U. GEBURTSH.; 22. SZ 2008/GES. F. ÄSTH. CHIRURGIE DT E.V.; 23. DT. GES. F. ÄSTH.-PLAST. CHIRURGIE 2009; 24. STATISTA 2009; 25. FED. STAT. OFFICE—HEALTH EXPENDITURES THROUGH 2008; 26. FED. STAT. OFFICE; 27. SPIEGEL 2009/GEK RP. 2010, FIGURES FROM 2009; 28. ROLLATOREN.EU; 29. SPIEGEL 2010/FOCUS 1998; 30. GEO 2010/BIOSTATIS

E_21-24_Innenklapper_Alter_CS4.indd E_22-E_23 14.03.11 17:02 Functional Food 3. Probiotic yogurts Vegetarians by age 4. Meatless 5. According to the were the pioneers among foods with Water 7. A 75-year-old man Vegetarian Association, about health benefits. They were followed by needs about 20 percent less 4,000 people become vege- ACE drinks, Omega-3 bread and eggs, 10 –19 The Search for Eternal Life 6 energy than a 25-year-old. But % tarians every week. In 2010 Nutritional supplements . The European market for nutri- and enriched margarine. The German he needs the same amount of 2.25 20 –29 about 8 percent of Germans tional supplements posted a sales volume of approximately Social and medical progress are enabling people to stay healthy and “young” longer and longer. market for functional food reached vitamins and minerals, if not 2 30 –39 were vegetarians. The typical €6 billion in 2007. Almost one in every three Germans Entire industries are devoted to helping growing numbers of people share in this tremendous change. 74Organic food . Organic food, long a volume of €4.52 billion in 2009, more. Water is the most impor- vegetarian is a young woman uses nutritional supplements. Typical ingredients include available in supermarkets, is bought compared to €1.9 billion in 1999. 40 – 49 tant component of the human To be precise, our struggle for eternal life already starts in early childhood who has an above-average minerals, vitamins, vitaminoids, and fatty acids. However, by 74 percent of Germans. In 2005, In 2005/2006 alone, sales of fluoride- diet, and a daily intake of 2.25 50 –59 education and lives in a big according to the German Nutrition Society, only iodized salt sales of organic food via conven- enriched salt and folic acid increased liters of water is recommended. city. According to one study, and folic acid should be taken as supplements—all other tional sales channels increased by by 29.7 percent. 60 – 69 25 percent, while sales in special- vegetarians have a lower nutrients are already provided by a healthy diet. Nonetheless, Mother’s milk 1. This is the founda- ized organic food retail outlets grew 70 –79 incidence of cancer—and nutritional supplements may be helpful for pregnant tion of a long life, as it has an impact “only” by 10 percent. 0 % 20 % 40 % live longer. women, growing teenagers, competitive athletes, chronically on central bodily functions. Power from a can ill patients, vegans, and seniors. Nutrition Mother’s milk helps infants to fight Red Bull and Kombucha, Prolonging life and staying healthy—with off bacteria and viruses, changes which claim to deliver en- 11 the help of the right food: An anti-aging diet Nicotine patches . In 2009 about 30 the activity of entire groups of ergy and concentration as should be low in fats and sugars, include lots percent of Germans smoked. Most of them genes, and influences intelligence. we seek longer life, have Golf 12. Golf is in fourth Designer support. Support stockings for of fruit, vegetables, and water, and be low in have already tried to stop. Aids such as nicotine Nowadays computers can help aging patients. The recipe is simple: 90 percent brought their producer place among the fast- thrombosis or varicose veins used to be a alcohol and caffeine. Many centenarians live chewing gum, patches, or lozenges release WLAN and Bluetooth help them stay in touch with their family doctors water, about 6 percent lactose, Dietrich Mateschitz success nicotine more slowly and in smaller amounts, est-growing leisure seg- typical product for seniors. But in 2009 the in Sardinia; their secret is a low-calorie diet and a number of other sugars, worldwide. His Formula ments, after fitness, tour- designer Wolfgang Joop declared them a 15 that includes lots of fruit and vegetables. thus reducing withdrawal symptoms. Living in assisted housing or at home? lipids, and proteins. In addition, One team, Red Bull Racing, Many nicotine patches contain the polymer ism, and gambling. About 42 fashion item. The stockings in his “Hurt and According to a US survey, most seniors chose mother’s milk contains a was last year’s champion. 14 EUDRAGIT ™ from Evonik. percent of all German golfers are Heal” collection are finely woven and make Traveling at age 60+ . Seniors have Frequent trips: The 60+ generation 14 to live at home: complex assortment of about older than 55. women’s legs look slim and beautiful. made a big contribution to the growth of 80% 200 different sugar chains. the German travel market, with their num- 75 Wellness 84% bers growing by up to 80 percent since 60 10 of 55–64-year-olds The human race is constantly growing Wellness . The market for wellness vacations grew by an 13 8 Telemedicine . Automatic Thinking young. Being 1972. Today they constitute 29 percent of 92% Fitness . Fitness is the most popular lei- 40% of 65–74-year-olds THINK- PHOTOGRAPHY: HOLTHUSEN/PHOTOSELECTION, CORINNA PHOTOGRAPHY: BACKGROUND (2), GETTY (2), PIXELIO (2), SHUTTERSTOCK (2), STILLSONLINE, IMAGES ISTOCKPHOTO JALAG, STOCK, FOLDOUT GRAPHICS: PICFOUR LAIF, CORBIS, F1ONLINE, ZOONAR, IMAGES, PICTURE ALLIANCE, ARCO older—and fitter. Wellness vacations are Millions of members of average of 10 percent annually between 2004 and 2009. all vacation travelers. In the future, seniors 41 9 measurements and wireless active and keeping a positive bestsellers, and together with fitness studios sure activity in Germany. Some 24 per- ﬁ tness studios In 2009 Germans spent more than €1 billion on wellness 33 documentation can make visits to attitude can slow down the will travel even more frequently. Their cent of people between 11 and 39 feel 2009 and spas, are helping bodies and minds to vacations, three quarters of them within Germany’s borders. long experience as travelers, financial re- they are part of this movement, as do 30 7.07 the doctor’s office unnecessary. aging process. The brain loses stay young. According to anti-aging experts, Vacations also make life meaningful in other ways: 1972 2005 1972 2005 Family doctors can be contacted less of its abilities and devel- sources, and good health make them the 0% percent of people between 20 and 29. 4.38 95% regular activity, including mental activity, Religious pilgrimages, journeys focusing on art and culture, of over 75-year-olds via WLAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee, ops new potential, but it most sought-after vacationers. 60–69 years 70+ years slows down the aging process. Almost 60 percent of the respondents of 2003 and nature-oriented vacations all put special emphasis on or RFID. In the USA, the market has to be trained. Memory one survey said fitness was “in.” The val- new experiences and self-discovery. ues associated with fitness, such as resis- for heart rhythm management training programs are ideal tance to stress, top performance, and physical at- systems alone is worth US$5 bil- for this purpose, and they lion a year and is growing by are taking the computer game of people over 85 need help 0 10 tractiveness,tti are more valuedldiWt in Western societies iti 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 50% to manage their daily lives 90 10 0 than ever before. Joggers preferp pproducts from the 10 percent annually. sector by storm. Adidasa brand,d,,y followedw byy Nike anda Puma.m

E_21-24_Innenklapper_Alter_CS4.indd E_22-E_23 14.03.11 17:02 Intelligent Technology for Seniors The development of products and services for an aging society has long been neglected. But that’s about to change, thanks to “Ambient Assisted Living” (AAL). This comprehensive initiative is developing a market that could create a million jobs in Germany TEXT KLAUS JOPP

THE DOORSTEP becomes a stumbling block, your MAX is an important instrument for creating or im- favorite yogurt on the supermarket shelf is too far proving products for an aging society—not only auto- away to reach, and even pouring a simple glass of water mobiles but also objects people use in daily life. “De- causes a minor flood—all of these are everyday events velopers of assistance products need more than just for a person who is over 80. These are the kinds of ex- technical know-how; they should also be familiar with periences provided by MAX, the modular old-age sim- the users’ needs and capabilities,” says Professor Frank ulation suit. Special cuffs, weights, and splints drasti- Wallhoff, the head of Germany’s only department of cally limit the wearer’s mobility, and eyeglasses and Assistive Technologies, which is located at Jade Hoch- Buying a ticket under “extreme earmuffs dim the senses. Within minutes, putting on schule in Oldenburg. The department focuses on the aging” conditions. MAX ages the user by decades. That’s because aging needs of seniors and handicapped people who want This old-age involves more than just a wrinkled face and gray hair. to live independently within their own four walls as simulation suit helps Limbs grow stiff, fingertips lose their sense of touch, long as possible. This research area, which is often re- wearers understand older people’s hands can no longer grasp things firmly. MAX, which ferred to as Ambient Assisted Living (AAL), is becom- limitations: stiff limbs, was developed by Chemnitz University of Technology ing increasingly important, as was demonstrated by a reduced range of on the initiative of AutoUni, Audi AG, and Volkswa- the fourth conference on this topic, which was held in movement, and gen Group Research, can simulate all of these limita- Berlin in early 2011 and was attended by more than impaired visibility tions and reproduce several stages of incapacity. De- 800 participants. and hearing. The suit is used to test mographic change is requiring companies to develop “The aim of AAL is to make the lives of older peo- whether equipment new strategies for serving their customer groups and ple as comfortable and safe as possible. From a tech- is senior-friendly their own workforce. nical viewpoint, this is not a problem,” says Dr. Hans PHOTOGRAPHY: MARC STEINMETZ/VISUM, STEINMETZ/VISUM, MARC PHOTOGRAPHY: (2) TIMES/REDUX/LAIF THE NEW YORK

20_Evonik_01-11_EN E_20 14.03.11 15:21 SHAPING 25

Orthodontic device AAL: Computer-supported aging

Family Measuring and charging station ILLUSTRATIONS: ILLUSTRATIONS: DIETER DUNEKA Long-term medication via Mobile connection orthodontic devices: The via an IP network orthodontic device is checked that enables and ﬁ lled with the medication video contact Blood pressure in the measuring and charging sensor on wrist station before being ﬁ xed on Social services a tooth. From there, it releases exact doses of the medication directly onto the mucous Belt with: membrane of the mouth. This •Movement sensor ensures that even forgetful, • Pump for chronically ill patients receive Central server on-demand Medical for recording their medications reliably monitoring subcutaneous data dispensing of apomorphine

An intelligent monitoring system for ill and handicapped people who would Heinz Zimmer, CEO of the Association for Electri- two thirds of these people will be cared for in their own rather live at home cal, Electronic & Information Technologies (VDE), homes. Against this background, technical develop- than in a nursing which organized the conference in cooperation with ments that help older people to live independently or home: Sensors in the the German Federal Ministry of Education and Re- be cared for within their own four walls are becoming belt record and search (BMBF). increasingly important. transmit the wearer’s vital functions; in One example of this trend is an innovative under- case of irregularities, Helping seniors manage daily life shirt that can record all of its wearer’s vital parameters. emergency measures There are tangible economic reasons for Germany’s Sewn into the shirt are sensors that measure the wear- are initiated efforts in the area of AAL. As early as 2004, the GfK er’s ECG, pulse, breathing, and body temperature; a immediately Group market research company discovered that peo- special acceleration sensor summons emergency assis- ple aged 50 and older have an annual net income of tance if the wearer should fall. The data are transmitted €643 billion—more than the group of 30 to 50-year- via mobile telephony to a call center or an emergency olds. The Institute for Work and Technology (IAT) in call system. “Our aim was to create a system that can Gelsenkirchen estimates that up to a million jobs could be used like a normal undershirt. That’s why our prod- be created if more attention were paid to the needs uct can even be washed in a washing machine with- and potential purchasing power of seniors. Approxi- out having to remove the electronic system,” explains mately a third of all seniors are interested in services Carsten Linti, who is responsible for research and de- that help them live at home, such as emergency call sys- velopment in the Smart Textiles department at the In- tems, home care, cleaning and housekeeping, Meals on stitute for Textile Technology and Process Engineer- Wheels, and help with shopping. ing (ITV) Denkendorf. According to the Datamonitor market research Another example is a sensitive floor covering called company, the market for AAL will increase from the SensFloor developed by Future-Shape GmbH, a com- current $3 billion to as much as $7.7 billion by 2012 in pany based in Höhenkirchen-Siegertsbrunn in Bavaria. the USA and Europe alone. This forecast is supported The system is based on a layer of fabric into which radio by other surveys which show, for example, that in the modules and approach sensors are integrated. The sen- USA 84 percent of 55 to 64-year-olds, 92 percent of 65 sor signals are evaluated by a receiver and used to cre- to 74-year-olds, and 95 percent of over 74-year-olds ate an activity profile. In this way, the system can de- want to continue living in their own homes. tect falls and can also switch on a light when a person Similar results can be expected for Germany. At the gets out of bed. Dangerous devices such as stove burn- same time, the number of individuals requiring care is ers and irons can be switched off when the last person continually increasing. The German Federal Statisti- leaves the house. AAL appears to be on the threshold cal Office expected that the number of people requir- of a great future. And Germany could benefit too. Says ing care was 2.4 million in 2010; the equivalent figure Zimmer, “Because of its system expertise, Germany is expected to rise to 3.4 million by 2030. More than is well on the way to being the innovation leader.”

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Welcome to the Year of Chemistry! One hundred years after the physicist Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, the world is celebrating the International Year of Chemistry 2011. Thousands of events are being organized to honor a science that offers solutions for the serious problems faced by humanity TEXT KIRSTIN RUGE

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ON NOVEMBER 7, 1911, a sensational news item sustainable for all of mankind cannot succeed without came over the tickers: For the first time, a woman had chemistry. The organizers have deliberately made water won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. It was the second one of the Year of Chemistry’s focus topics. And they are such honor for Marie Curie, who was a physicist by meanwhile reaching out to those who will be most af- training. Eight years prior to that she had shared the fected by these problems—the coming generations. With Nobel Prize in Physics. Now she had won the coveted two simple experiment kits, UNESCO and IUPAC are award for discovering the elements radium and polo- providing teachers and students with the tools neces- nium, the latter being named after her country of birth. sary to take part in a “global experiment.” They can use It’s no coincidence that the International Year of Chem- these kits to test water for properties such as acidity level istry is being celebrated exactly 100 years after this his- (pH value) and saline content, or to test various methods torical event—the initiators UNESCO (United Nations of filtration and purification. In Germany, which suffers Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) from neither a shortage of water nor water pollution, in- and IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied terest in this elixir of life is also being promoted: At the Chemistry) are not just commemorating the contri- Web site www.h2o-machs-bunt.de, the Fonds der Che- butions of an outstanding scientist. They are also put- mischen Industrie (an association for the promotion and ting a strong emphasis on the growing importance of support of research and education in chemistry) is orga- women in chemistry, a science of practically unrivalled nizing a school competition with attractive prizes that complexity. An event titled “Women Sharing a Chem- encourage young students to take part. ical Moment in Time” showed just how energetically women in chemistry are seizing their opportunity and Huge range establishing networks among themselves worldwide. A look at the range of events, workshops, and confer- On January 18, women involved in chemistry research ences scheduled for the International Year of Chemis- in 37 countries around the world got together for “Net- try reveals two tendencies: First is the emphasis being working Breakfasts”—more than a week before the of- put on the global transfer of knowledge with the aim of ficial kick-off ceremony of the International Year of using chemistry to quickly find solutions that can ben- Chemistry took place at UNESCO headquarters in Paris. efit all of mankind. Examples of this include the break- through in hydrogen technology, the development of Focus on water accumulators that can temporarily store the fluctuating The sense of urgency is appropriate. In view of the press- energy yields from the sun and wind, and the creation ing problems faced by humanity, including population of light-weight and almost indestructible materials for growth, climate change, and increasing consumption evolutionary models of the automotive and aircraft in- of resources, it’s high time that the world of chemistry dustry. Secondly, it becomes clear that each nation is closed ranks, especially during “its” year. And its collec- celebrating the International Year of Chemistry in its

PHOTOGRAPHY: PLAINPICTURE/FOGSTOCK PHOTOGRAPHY: tive message is this: The transition to a future that will be own way, in order to use what this science offers to

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PHOTOGRAPHY: PLAINPICTURE/FOGSTOCK ity—whether in regard to energy supplies, sustainable supplies, sustainable inregardtoenergy ity—whether byhuman- problemsfaced ing manyoftheworrying forsolv- isessential make itquiteclearthatchemistry cancer,” Prof. Moreau.“We writes thereforehave to or degradation issuessuch asenvironmental with try associateschemis-large percentage ofthepopulation Western), (mostly arather public. Inmanycountries among thegeneral mainly thatexists a misperception “Thereis chemistry. world toward ple inthewestern IUPAC’s president, touchedontheprejudicesofpeo- Professor NicoleJ.Moreau,lished ontheInternet, our life, ourfuture.” Inherwelcoming addresspub- That’s “Chemistry— whytheyhave chosenthemotto the planet’s development sustainable thananyother. moreto contribute ofresearchthatcan asm forafield arehoping tospreadenthusi- and AppliedChemistry Union ofPure andtheInternational the United Nations With theUNyear, chemistry. been createdwithout pill,orfoodintoday’s world anymaterial, has Hardly life, ourfuture” “Chemistry—our chemistry2011.org. atwww. befoundontheInternet can topics and varied andWaternation Treatment.” ofthemany Acatalogue cember forthe“3rdMaghreb ConferenceonDesali- inDe- peopletothatcountry inviting turmoil—are ical inTunisia—despiteElsewhere, organizers allthepolit- conferenceonthetopic“Clean Energy.”international to 13,forexample, theirfirst theChineseareorganizing Curie was awarded her Nobel Prize 100 years ago, herNobel awarded Prize was Curie thatMadame tothefact celebrate in2011: Inaddition TheIUPACfood production.” hasaspecialreasonto development, development, healthcare, material or event, where topics meet the special needs of its people. From April 10 people. 10 Frommeet thespecialneedsofits April | 2011 Chemistry asan Chemistry are thestars… Renewable frombio-resources andsustainableenergy Crop waste, household garbage, sewage: Oureveryday Lombardy will bethelocationofatrade faironthistopic, To bediscussed: andbiofuels How solarenergy be can featuring anextensive conference program. Visitors can September 27–29,2011,KualaLumpur, Malaysia pharmaceutical raw materials, equipment thechemical attend presentationsattend anddiscussions devoted to new Electrochemical LimitsfortheEnvironment and Electrochemical First International Clean Energy Conference InternationalFirst Clean Energy stored andusedinenvironmentally soundways? CHEM-MED technologies for andchemical- tapping chemical lives harboralarge sources. numberofenergy of the major concerns in chemistry innovation.of themajorconcernsinchemistry Energy Generation Energy needed for this,andspecialsoftware usedin where does development reach itslimits? materials utilization April 10–13,2011,Dalian, China June 11–15,2011,NiigataCity, October 5–7,2011,Milan,Italy October support ofthesetechnologies. support —Smart useofraw materials—Smart isone energy Clean Raw Japan —What isfeasible,—What and Maria Sklodowska Curiecelebrations inPoland— honored with numerous events. Thebig finalewill beon in cooperation with theÉcolesupérieure dephysique Marie CuriecelebrationattheHotel Metropole— lifetime achievement oftheNobel laureate isbeing et dechimieindustrielles delaville deParis (ESPCI) The Paris ofMarieCurie The IYC will close with agathering ofparticipants May 1–November 30,2011,Paris, France at thesite Solvay ofthefirst Conference in November 25,2011,Warsaw, Poland 1911 — Brussels, Belgium Madame December 1,2011, Curie — —A guidedtour offered The 11.03.11 18:20

Healthy Innovative water materials Water in chemistry—During the International 10th International Conference on Materials Year of Chemistry, schoolchildren around the world Chemistry (MC 10)—The spectrum ranges from will experiment with the most mysterious and vital biomimetics to hydrogen storage, from intermetallic chemical compound on the planet. The exercise is components to supramolecular systems, and from liquid motivated by the following consideration: As the world’s crystals to nanoparticles fit for electronics. The conference population increases, the more urgent it becomes to is considered a highlight of the UN year. For four days, supply everyone with healthy drinking water. The scientists from industry and university research sponsors of the global experiment, UNESCO and departments will gather and collaborate on the design IUPAC, are supplying children around the world of the revolutionary materials that the 21st century with experiment kits— urgently needs. more at www.chemistry2011.org July 4–7, 2011, Manchester, United Kingdom

Intelligent plastics Sustainability 19th International POLYCHAR Conference— GDCh Science Forum Chemistry 2011 The forum gives students of materials chemistry the The motto of the Science Forum Chemistry 2011, chance to take part in a give-and-take with established which is organized by the German Chemical Society materials architects concerning the latest developments (GDCh), is “Chemistry creates the future.” In keeping and technologies in the field of polymer materials. with this topic, a scientific focus on sustainability and March 20–24, 2011, Kathmandu, Nepal water will be provided by symposia, workshops, and Plastics and Plastic Components—11th UNESCO/ plenary lectures. IUPAC Workshop. The workshop will concentrate September 4–7, 2011, on the synthesis, analysis, and potential Bremen, Germany applications of new plastics. April 26–29, 2011, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Hydrogen storage Miniaturization Colloquium Spectroscopicum 151st Faraday Discussion Internationale XXXVII—Ever since it was founded Hydrogen-storage materials—hydrogen is considered in 1949, the Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale one of the most promising solutions for creating a (CSI) has been laying the analytical foundations that make sustainable energy supply. In April the discussion will it possible to imagine miniaturization, one of the really focus on how chemists can master this explosive element big product trends of industry. and what membranes and materials are needed. August 28–September 2, 2011, April 18–20, 2011, Didcot, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil United Kingdom

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ALGERIA CHINA …everyone can Chemical Processes and Chemistry Faces New Environmental Protection—11th Challenges—An International take part—from International Symposium—the Symposium—The prelude to central question: How can environ- a global series of blue-ribbon Nobel laureate to mental protection be reconciled with symposia devoted to the further chemical manufacturing processes? development of the chemical schoolchild April 12–14, 2011, sciences. Kasdi Merbah University, September 2–5, 2011, Ouargla, Algeria Beijing, China

ARGENTINA CZECH REPUBLIC 17th Argentinean Congress for Conducting Polymers— Physical and Inorganic Chemis- 75th Prague Meeting on Macromol- try—Interdisciplinary discussion ecules—How can this new including physicists, chemists, and class of plastics be synthesized and biologists. characterized, and what sort of May 3–6, 2011, surprising applications will emerge? Córdoba, Argentina June 10–14, 2011, Prague, Czech Republic AUSTRALIA PACIA National Conference— FRANCE 1911 was also the year in which the predecessor The Australian chemicals and History of Modern Chemistry— organization of today’s IUPAC was formed, the Inter- plastics industry gathers at this Symposium of the Commission on national Association of Chemical Societies (IACS). conference; policymakers and the History of Modern Chemistry NGOs are welcome. (CHMC)—the CHMC will discuss Variety on the agenda in Germany June 2011, advances in archiving, forms of The “Forum Chemie” is coordinating the International Melbourne, Australia presentation, and the preservation Year of Chemistry activities in Germany. Chancellor of sources. BELGIUM Dr. Angela Merkel gave the opening address at the June 21–24, 2011, International Year of Chemistry, kick-off ceremony on February 9 in Berlin. The pro- Paris, France Closing Event—Conclusion of gram and a list of participants and the groups, partners, the UN year and roundtable talk with FINLAND and organizations supporting the German Year of young scientists initiating an inter- ChemBio Finland 2011— Chemistry are online at www.ijc2011.de. The topics disciplinary discussion of sustainable A meeting place for experts from are quite varied: Children will likely enjoy the “Magic ways of living in the future. the Baltic region: Workshops, Show” (June 9, Augsburg); for teenagers, there’s the December 1, 2011, presentations, and a trade show workshop “Chemistry—Fast and Easy to Explore” (Oc- Brussels, Belgium concentrate on the latest findings tober 22, Stuttgart); and students and managers will of biotechnology. be interested in the presentation “Germany as a Center BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA March 22–24, 2011, of Innovation from the Viewpoint of Chemistry” (Oc- The Chemistry Faculty opens Helsinki, Finland tober 1, Stuttgart). The traveling exhibition “Sustain- its doors—Exciting and classic able Chemistry” organized by the Verband der Che- experiments from all branches of GERMANY mischen Industrie (VCI) together with the Deutsche chemistry for schoolchildren. IFCC WorldLab Berlin 2011— Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU) will begin in Bremen May 10–15, 2011, The International Federation of in early September. Those who would like a closer University of Sarajevo, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory look at one of the economy’s most productive sectors Bosnia-Herzegovina Medicine (IFCC) has invited should mark the date September 24, when many Ger- roughly 10,000 clinical chemists man chemical plants will open their doors and let us all BRAZIL and laboratory medicine specialists experience the fascination of chemistry up close. Colloquium Spectroscopicum to take part in this event in Berlin. Internationale XXXVII—The event May 15–19, 2011, will address the latest techniques in Berlin, Germany SUMMARY spectroscopy and spectrometry. • The International Year of Chemistry will be celebrated August 28–September 2, 2011, around the world with many conferences and events PHOTOGRAPHY: PLAINPICTURE/FOGSTOCK PHOTOGRAPHY: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil • Information about event content and participants is available on the Internet

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INDIA MEXICO RUSSIA THAILAND Chemspec India—In the six International Congress of 19th Mendeleev Congress— 14th Asian Chemical Congress years since it was launched, this Industrial Chemistry 2011— Named after the father of the 2011—The largest gathering of the trade show has grown into a What are the trends, and what risks periodic table, this congress is Asian chemicals industry; 28 magnet in one of the most dynamic do they entail? How does the devoted to the subjects of education, chemical societies have put together chemicals markets in the world. chemicals industry see itself in the new technologies, and advances an extensive and diverse program. April 14–15, 2011, 21st century? in research. September 5–8, 2011, Mumbai, India April 5–8, 2011, September 25–30, 2011, Bangkok, Thailand Monterrey, Mexico Volgograd, Russia ITALY TURKEY CHEM-MED conference and NIGERIA SERBIA 59th International Congress of trade show—Everything from raw IYC 2011 Celebration in EUROanalysis 16—Challenges in the Society for Medicinal Plant materials to specialized software Nigeria—The University of Uyo is Modern Analytical Chemistry—The and Natural Product Research— to chemical production facilities: organizing a five-day celebration latest analytical chemistry trends in Biotechnologists, microbiologists, This is where manufacturers and of the International Year of Chemis- the areas of theory, methodology, phytochemists, pharmacists, practitioners meet. try—the focus is on public relations. and applications will be presented. physicians, chemists, October 5–7, 2011, March 21–25, 2011, September 11–15, 2011, and entrepreneurs are invited. Milan, Italy Uyo, Nigeria Belgrade, Serbia September 4–9, 2011, Antalya, Turkey JORDAN PERU SPAIN Sixth Jordanian International First International Youth EQUIPLAST—Approximately UK Conference of Chemistry— Congress of Chemistry— 1,100 exhibitors and 55,000 trade Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Intended for the professional Chemistry for the coming visitors will make a point of Chemistry—6th International community and interested public generations—how can we get attending this trade show devoted Symposium, chemistry at the from Arab countries. them involved? to raw materials, production intersection of nanotechnology, April 19–21, 2011, November 15–18, 2011, material, and services. biology, and materials sciences. Irbid, Jordan Lima, Peru November 14–18, 2011, July 3–7, 2011, Barcelona, Spain University of Sussex, Brighton, KENYA PORTUGAL United Kingdom 14th Symposium of the Natural Chemistry Olympiads—Chemistry SWEDEN Products Research Network— olympiads will take place in several Nordic Conference for Chemistry UNITED STATES The biodiversity of Africa as the countries. In Portugal, schoolchil- Teachers—A gathering of teach- ACS Fall Meeting 2011—Twice basis for development of new medi- dren can qualify on April 2, and they ers from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, a year the American Chemical cines and sustainable products. will compete for the gold medals on Norway, and Sweden. Society (ACS) organizes respected August 8–12, 2011, May 7, 2011, October 28–29, 2011, scientific conferences in conjunction Nairobi, Kenya Aveiro, Portugal Stockholm, Sweden with an exciting exhibition program. August 28–September 1, 2011, MALAYSIA PUERTO RICO SWITZERLAND Denver, Colorado, USA 5th International Congress of IUPAC World Chemistry Chemspec Europe 2011— Chemistry and Environment— Congress—Confirmed attendees Following this event’s move Agronomists and environmental include Nobel laureates Professor from Berlin to Geneva, exhibitors groups discuss the opportunities Aaron Ciechanover, Professor and trade visitors will now gather and risks of chemical production Richard Ernst, Professor Robert in the middle of Europe for this Supplementary processes. Grubbs, Professor Roald Hoffmann, streamlined and efficient chemicals information is offered May 27–29, 2011, Professor Mario Molina, and trade show. via the iPad app Kuching, Malaysia Professor Ada E. Yonath. June 15–16, 2011, July 30–August 7, 2011, Geneva, Switzerland MOROCCO San Juan, Puerto Rico International Symposium on Heterocyclic Chemistry—New prospects for the use of heterocycles for sustainable chemical products. October 27–28, 2011, Fez, Morocco All further events not listed here can be found at: www.chemistry2011.org

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The Scramble for Buried Treasure Rare earths aren’t just key raw materials for high-tech industry; they are also vital for cellular phones, solar cell systems, and electric vehicles. They’re expensive and difﬁ cult to extract, and most of the world’s output is controlled by China. The need to reduce this dependence has sparked a treasure hunt for these sought-after metals—in mines old and new, and in recycling plants TEXT KLAUS JOPP

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Shimmering treasures in the mine: Bismuth ores are smelted and the pure metal is cast into bars, which every manufacturer stamps with its own symbol

A revolution in cooling technology: The heavy metal bismuth is found in bismuth telluride, which features thermoelectric properties that make the development of new cooling systems possible

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33_Evonik_01-11_EN E_33 11.03.11 18:34 Treasure chest: Alexander Hofmann, a member of the Governing Board of SMH Schweizerische Wanted for semiconductor technology: Demand for Metallhandels AG, in front of the “hoarded” metals in an underground gallery near Zurich gallium is expected to increase by a factor of four by 2030

SOMEWHERE NEAR ZURICH lies a treasure—bur- ness—especially since the People’s Republic of China ied deep within a mountain. Large private art collec- decided to further limit exports of rare earths. After all, tions from around the world are stored in area about as 97 percent of these urgently required materials are pro- big as 20 soccer fields. Deeper within the mountain, be- duced in China, although the country is home to only a hind a steel vault door one meter thick, is another col- little more than one third of the world’s reserves. China lection—one that has nothing to do with art, however. achieved its market-leading position by maintaining a It’s kept in meter-high stacks of barrels, canisters, and low-price policy over a period of many years, which crates—a grand total of 64 metric tons, in fact. The plain packaging hides value of a completely different kind. The rare earth cerium is used for processing almost all 58 types of glass and lenses, as well as for chemical mechanical This is where the company SMH Schweizerische Metall- polishing in the semiconductor industry. It increases handels AG stores materials that are coveted around the Ce hardness and strength in alloys. Catalytic convertors also world—because they are absolutely vital for high tech- contain cerium nology applications. Without indium, for example, we wouldn’t have touchscreens, flat screen panels, or thin- eventually drove competitors, such as Australia, out film photovoltaics. No lithium? That would mean no re- of the market. chargeable batteries for computers, cameras, and elec- In the 19th century, when most of the “rare earths”— tric cars. A lack of neodynium would leave us without the oxides of these elements—and then the metals them- high-performance permanent magnets for electric mo- selves were discovered, they really were thought to be tors—the list of metals that are in demand is a long one. extremely rare, which is how they got the name. Sub- sequent experience showed that some of them are ac- The rare earth europium—in the form of europium oxide—is tually more commonly found in the earth’s crust than used as a red phosphor in color cathode ray tubes. It also 63 lead. Unfortunately, however, the minerals in which serves as a neutron absorber in nuclear reactors and is used for doping in compact ﬂ uorescent lamps and plasma TVs. At Eu these elements occur in a relatively concentrated form present, there is no replacement really are scarce. So it’s still difficult to find sufficiently large, economically exploitable deposits. A large share And then there are the “rare earth metals”—a collective of the world’s total production of rare earths is used for term for a total of 17 elements that have recently be- catalysts, primarily in automobiles, in the chemicals income synonymous with the industrial countries’ hun- dustry, and in the refining of crude oil. Another share is ger for raw materials. And these elements are becom- utilized in metallurgy, for example as alloying additives ing an increasingly serious bone of contention between in steel. Rare earths are also becoming increasingly im- their producers and consumers. For Alexander Hof- portant as components of permanent magnets and bat- mann, a member of the Governing Board of the metals teries. Other major applications for them include phos- trading company SMH and the man who holds the key phors for screens and lights and polishing agents for the to the treasure, it’s a situation that promises good busi- glass industry.

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Making business shine: Because of its conductivity, silver (here as granules) is used for manufacturing contacts, electrodes, and electronic components

Old mines are about to make a comeback

Recognizing the urgency of the situation, the Euro- neodymium will be around 3.8 times the quantity cur- pean Commission published a report in June 2010 that rently yielded by mining, and neodymium is urgently assigns a designation of “critical” to 14 of a total of 41 needed by manufacturers of electric automobile drive minerals and metals. This list includes antimony, co- systems,” says Erdmann. balt, gallium, tungsten, and the rare earths. Many el- The search for the valuable metals is intensifying ements are frequently found in the same deposits— worldwide—old mines are being reactivated every- geologists refer to such elements as “associated.” For where, and prospecting for new reserves is under way. example, gold, silver, and a number of rare metals are Take Mountain Pass in California, for example. Here, often extracted as byproducts of copper production; the previous owner—an oil company— closed the mine for rare earths in 2002, after it had become unprof- The element neodymium is also one of the rare earths. Its main itable. Its current owner, the mining company Moly- area of application is in powerful magnets for nuclear 60 magnetic resonance tomographs, micromotors, hard drives, corp Minerals, intends to put it back into operation as wind turbines, drives for electric and hybrid vehicles, linear Nd of 2012—as the world’s most modern mine. Plans call motors in CNC machine tools, loudspeakers, and headphones for initial production of almost 20,000 metric tons— enough to meet around one sixth of today’s demand— cobalt—used for lithium-ion batteries, among other ap- and a further increase in production, to 40,000 metric plications—is always associated with nickel. tons, has already been announced. The Australian com- The Fraunhofer Institute for System and Innova- pany Global Advanced Metals is also planning a come- tion Research ISI, Karlsruhe, and the Institute for Fu- back. The company has reopened the world’s largest tures Studies and Technology Assessment (IZT), Ber- tantalum mine, in Wodgina in Western Australia. This lin, conducted a study on behalf of Germany’s Federal mine was closed in 2008 due to a collapse in demand Ministry of Economics and Technology, which was pre- following the global economic crisis and the flooding of sented in 2009. The study shows, for example, that the the market with cheap material by the Democratic Re- demand for gallium in the year 2030 will exceed the amount produced in 2006 by a factor of six. Gallium is The rare earth metal yttrium improves the resistance of 39 alloys and is contained in spark plugs, permanent magnets, required for thin-film photovoltaic modules, high-per- color TV tubes, and lasers (YAG). Yttrium is also required formance microchips, and white-light LEDs. “A number Y for the manufacture of data storage media and in microwave of future technologies are so dependent on rare metals technology that their large-scale implementation is threatened by shortages of raw materials,” warns Lorenz Erdmann, a public of Congo. Wodgina can extract around 600 met- rare metals expert at the IZT. The affected areas of high ric tons of ore per year when operating at full capacity— technology include fuel cells, hybrid and electric vehi- almost one third of worldwide demand. cles, electro-optics, thin-film photovoltaics, and mi- And prospecting is on people’s minds even in the

PHOTOGRAPHY ON THIS AN THE PREVIOUS PAGE: MARKUS BERTSCHI ON THIS AN THE PREVIOUS PAGE: PHOTOGRAPHY croelectronics. “In the year 2030 demand for the metal Germany, where raw materials are relatively scarce.

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Millions of cellular telephones as a store of raw materials If we stop to think about the chemicals used to 2008 almost 1.3 billion telephones were sold, make our beloved cellphones, it becomes clear which contained a total of approximately 31 that they are really a complex mixture of various metric tons of gold, 325 metric tons of silver, elements. A single cellular telephone often 12 metric tons of palladium, and 4,900 metric contains more than 40 chemical elements— tons of cobalt. In the future, it will be necessary from hydrogen to fluorine, chlorine, and over to establish intelligent recycling processes that 30 different metals. As in many modern can bring together the material flows in sensible electronic products, most of these elements are quantities and make it possible to recover the present only in extremely low concentrations metals. The new recycling bin, which will also in individual products. But the enormous collect electronic scrap, is an important number of such units in use means that substan- component of this strategy. It is scheduled to be tial quantities of materials are involved. In introduced in Germany in 2015.

Cities will become the mines of the future

In the mid 1970s East Germany discovered a de- ings, bridges, and other structures. Once the atlas has posit of rare earths in the region around Storkwitz while been created, it will be much easier to reuse these spe- prospecting for uranium. The efforts revealed interest- cific materials in the event of demolition, renovation, ing concentrations of the sought-after metals yttrium, or modernization work. “Our cities will become the lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium, at mines of the future,” is the motto from the Federal Min- depths of between 170 and 900 meters. The company istry of Economics and Labour. These measures could Deutsche Rohstoff AG (DRAG, Heidelberg), which be even more thoroughly implemented if recycling of holds the mineral rights, estimates that the existing re- at least the especially valuable ingredients is taken into sources amount to 41,600 metric tons of rare earths account when buildings and roads are still in the planning stages. The ministry has also announced the es- Tantalum is a rare metal and an important raw material for tablishment of a German raw materials agency as a re- small capacitors (electrolytic capacitors), which are essential 73 for vehicle electronics, in laptops, cellular telephones and sponse to concerns about these materials, which are so digital cameras. It’s also used in the aerospace industry as a Ta crucial for high-technology. The agency’s task will be component of superalloys to search for new reserves of raw materials worldwide and to develop “bilateral raw materials partnerships” and 8,700 metric tons of niobium. “We are studying between Germany and other countries. which conditions would be necessary to make extrac- But recycling capabilities must also be improved— tion of the deposit economical,” says Dr. Thomas Gut- as Federal Minister of Economics and Technology and schlag, CFO of DRAG. German parliament member Rainer Brüderle is calling Many of the projects already launched will take time for, saying ”we need more intelligence in the recycling to come to fruition, and they don’t offer fast solutions to bin.” The company Loser Chemie GmbH of Hainichen the looming threat of raw materials shortages. It will be in Saxony—which actually specializes in water chemis- at least five years before rare earths stamped “made in try—has heard the cry. The 30-employee company has Germany” can be produced. And given its role as a tech- developed a universally applicable physical-chemical nological leader in many areas, Germany faces a par- process for all photovoltaic scrap that isn’t based on sil- ticularly high risk and is urgently seeking alternatives. One current option is a different kind of mining The rare metal indium is mostly used in the production of ﬂ at screen panels and touchscreens. Other important applications within the country itself. With this in mind, the govern- 49 include thin-ﬁ lm solar modules, for which demand is growing ment has decided to create an “atlas” of raw materials In continually. And that means recycling of this extremely scarce that would show which valuable metals and other mate- raw material is becoming increasingly important rials are located within the existing German infrastructure. This not only includes thousands of metric tons of icon. This primarily means thin-film modules, which copper and steel, but also less common materials which are made with the extremely rare metal indium. The

PHOTOGRAPHY: MAURITIUS IMAGES MAURITIUS PHOTOGRAPHY: are contained—although in smaller amounts—in build- same approach is now to be used to recycle rare earths.

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36_Evonik_01-11_EN E_36 11.03.11 18:34 Bargain basement for electronic scrap: Monitors, computers, and cellphones are all to be intensively Components by the ton: Electronic scrap often recycled in the future. Research projects are seeking economical solutions for this recycling has to be broken up and sorted by hand

“One problem with critical raw materials is that they Germany’s treasure map are found in the waste products only in tiny amounts,” explains Dr. Wolfram Palitzsch, head of technology at In August 2010 the Federal Ministry of Economics Loser. That’s why it is necessary to not only isolate in- and Labour announced that it was planning an dividual materials, but also to recycle all of the impor- “atlas” of raw materials in Germany. With resources tant constituents simultaneously. And it’s the reason becoming continually scarcer, this measure is why the company is using this approach when it comes intended to establish which valuable metals and to the phosphors in compact fluorescent lights, which other raw materials are to be found in the nation’s frequently contain rare earths such as europium, gad- infrastructure. This includes in buildings, bridges, olinium, and thulium. To date, lamp recycling has con- and long-distance transmission lines. When it’s all added up, this amounts to tens of thousands of Gallium, also a rare metal used in high technology, is metric tons of steel and copper, for example. The 31 essential for many light emitting diodes. The compound gallium arsenide in particular is also vital for high- atlas would provide the information needed to Ga frequency electronic components and for high-efﬁ ciency collect and recycle valuable materials in the solar cells, for supplying power to satellites, for example

Flensburg course of demolition or reno- Husum Schleswig Sassnitz Eckernförde Burg Rendsburg Kiel Heide Stralsund Neumünster Rostock Itzehoe vation work. In addition, the Cuxhaven centrated on recovering the glass—but Loser now in- Bad Oldsloe Lübeck Wismar Anklam Elmshorn Güstrow Norderstedt Schortens Pinneberg Norden Bremerhaven Ahrensburg Schwerin Neubrandenburg Wilhelmshaven Buxtehude Hamburg Waren Emden Nordenham Parchim Leer Varel government intends to ensure Winsen Bad Zwischenahn Bucholz Neustrelitz Prenzlau tends to extend this to all of the materials, including Oldenburg Lüneburg Papenburg Delmenhorst Bremen Soltau Wittenberge Verden Uelzen Cloppenburg Eberswalde- Walsrode Salzwedel Finow Meppen Vechta that there will be a greater Rathenow Nienburg Celle Stendal Falkensee the phosphors. Lingen Brandenburg Nordhorn Bramsche Wunstorf Wolfsburg Berlin Fürstenwalde Rheine Minden Hannover Osnabrück Potsdam Frankfurt Gronau Braunschweig Burg Melle Hildesheim (an der Oder) Ahaus Wolfenbüttel Luckenwalde Hameln Salzgitter Eisenhüttenstadt emphasis on design for Bielefeld Magdeburg Emmerich Coesfeld Bad Harzburg Münster Detmold Osterwieck Lübben Guben The Belgian company Umicore is digging into our Wittenberg Bocholt Haltern Gütersloh Halberstadt Hamm Holzminden Dessau Wernigerode Cottbus Wesel Lippstadt Paderborn Bernberg Finsterwalde Forst Dinslaken Dortmund Osterode Essen Göttingen Eisleben Moers Menden Marsberg Halle Spremberg Münden Nordhausen Delitzsch Krefeld Duisburg Hagen Lauchhammer effective recycling, to be Arnsberg Mönchen- Düsseldorf Sondershausen Wuppertal Korbach Leipzig Hoyerswerda garbage in a very big way, especially into every kind of gladbach Kassel Mühlhausen Weissenfels Solingen Remscheid Lennestadt Döbeln Meissen Görlitz Leverkusen Eschwege Bautzen Zeitz Borna Köln Weimar Dresden Bergisch- Siegen Bad Hersfeld Gotha gladbach Düren Marburg Eisenach Erfur Jena Chemnitz Freiberg Aachen Gera Alsfeld Rudolstadt taken into account even Bonn Monschau Greiz Zwickau electronic scrap. In Hoboken, a district of the Belgian Giessen Suhl Neuwied Fulda Saalfeld Aue Wetzlar Plauen Mayen Koblenz Prüm Friedberg Bad Homburg Hof Daun Coburg Wiesbaden Frankfurt am Main Kulmbach Selb as early as the planning Hanau Offenbach Schweinfurt city of Antwerp, Umicore operates one of the world’s Mainz Aschaffenburg Bingen Bayreuth Trie Darmstadt Würzburg Bamberg

Worms Wertheim Kitzingen Weiden St Wendel Ludwigshafen Mannheim Amberg stages of construction projects. Kaiserslautern Fürth Nürnberg Saarbrücken Schwandorf most important recycling plants for the waste products Landau Heidelberg Ansbach Roth Pirmasens Neumarkt Cham Karlsruhe Heilbronn Regensburg Ludwigsburg Pappenheim Pforzheim Straubing Stuttgar Aalen Ingolstadt Baden- of the computer society. A total of 17 different metals Heidenheim Passau Baden Tübingen Donauwörth Offenburg Landshut Lahr Reutlingen Augsburg Ulm Rotweil Biberach Waldkraiburg are extracted at the facility, including seven precious München Villingen-Schwenningen Memmingen Landsberg Weingarten Rosenheim Schaffhausen Kempten metals, among them gold, silver, and platinum. Recy- cling of lithium-ion batteries is also scheduled to be launched there this year. The metallurgical procedures required are costly, but so are the processes used to extract the metals when they are mined. In many mines, the extraction of a gram of gold requires bringing about one metric ton of rock to the surface from a great depth,

PHOTOGRAPHY: CNIMAGING (2) (ABOVE) PICTURE-ALLIANCE (BELOW) (2) (ABOVE) CNIMAGING PHOTOGRAPHY: milling it, and processing it—as an alternative, it’s

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In orbit: The element promethium is a rare earth metal and is Sound investment: Samarium is a component of alloys for radioactive. It’s also used for space ﬂ ight permanent magnets in headphones and small motors

Many metals can be replaced

sufficient to recycle some PCs, which contain the earth, but China isn’t the only source for it. The alter- prized metal, especially on circuit boards and in con- native magnets have been in use in washing machines nectors. Quantities of silver, palladium, copper, and tin since 2009. In the meantime, Toshiba’s engineers have are also recovered. There may only be a few milligrams also succeeded in significantly reducing the samarium per computer, but millions of metric tons of end-of-life component. Whether in the form of magnets like these electronics are disposed of in the EU alone every year. or polishing pastes without cerium and multilayer ce- Friedrich Scholte-Reh goes a step further. The head ramic capacitors without palladium—substitutes are or of waste management for the Zollernalbkreis district in will soon be available for many ingredients previously Germany has commissioned a study to determine which considered irreplaceable. valuable materials are in the trash at the district landfill in Hechingen. The study is to run until October 2012 Platinum is a rare and expensive precious metal. Its largest 78 area of application is in automotive catalytic converters. But and will look at what “urban” or “landfill” mining can platinum is also irreplaceable in fuel cells and as a catalyst contribute to the raw materials supply. The project is Pt in industrial chemical and reﬁ ning processes, in addition to being implemented by the Institute for Landscape Ecol- being used in electronic components ogy and Resource Management of Justus Liebig Univer- sity of Gießen. Prof. Stefan Gäth estimates the economic There is no easy way out of the raw materials crisis, and value of the metals in the landfill is over €30 million. But many approaches will have to be taken to reach the ob- extracting this treasure is also quite costly. jective. Alexander Hofmann of SMH doesn’t have to worry, though: Even if new solutions are on the hori- The alkali metal lithium is used in the production of zon, his stocks will still tend to increase in value, be- ceramics and glass, for rechargeable batteries and 3 lubricating greases. Demand for its use in batteries has cause the demand for metals of all kinds will continue already grown strongly and will get an enormous further Li to grow for as long as humanity itself. boost from the coming trend toward electric mobility

Collection and recovery offer one option, and replace- SUMMARY ment is another. Japan, which has been hit especially • Rare earths and other metals are currently irreplaceable in the hard by the Chinese export limitations, is the main pro- production of computers, cellular telephones, and electric cars ponent of this route. The technology group Toshiba, • Their availability is very limited due to their rarity but also for example, started conducting research to find alter- because of political barriers. Speculators also cause additional natives ten years ago. price fl uctuations The rare earth metals neodymium and dysprosium • Efforts are being made worldwide to fi nd replacements are responsible for the required permanent magne- for the expensive metals or to recover them tism in many electric motors. Toshiba developed mag- from electronic scrap and landfi ll sites

PHOTOGRAPHY: NASA, FOTOLIA NASA, PHOTOGRAPHY: nets using samarium and cobalt—samarium is also a rare by means of new recycling processes

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27 As precious as gold or silver 79 21 39 57 Co Au Sc Y La Rare metals, including the rare earths, are in demand in 28 ever-increasing quantities. In 2006 approximately 28 metric 78 58 59 60 61 62 Ni Pt tons of gallium were required worldwide for thin-film Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm photovoltaics, high-performance microchips, and white 31 77 Ga LEDs. Forecasts indicate that these three future technologies Ir RARE EARTHS alone will require more than 600 metric tons in 2030. 32 Demand is also rising dramatically for germanium 75 63 64 65 66 67 Ge for use in glass-fiber cables and infrared technology, and Re Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho

for indium, which is used in the production of monitor 68 69 70 71 41 73 Nb screens and thin-film solar cells. The elements neodym- Ta Er Tm Yb Lu ium (magnets), platinum (fuel cells, catalysts), and 42 tantalum (microcapacitors, superalloys) among others 72 Mo Hf will also be in great demand in the future. 49 44 In 45 Ru 47 46 Ag Rh Pd

Atomic number The periodic 1 1 Symbol 2 system of the H Series H He Alkali metals Other metals elements 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be Alkaline earth metals Metalloids B C N O F Ne In this representation Transition metals Halogens Lanthanides Noble gases all of the chemical 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Actinides Other nonmetals Al Si P S Cl Ar elements are arranged according to their 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 nuclear charge (atomic K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr number) and specific 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 properties of the Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe atoms. The system was 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 developed by the Cs Ba – Hf W Os Hg Tl Pb At Rn 71 Ta Re Ir Pt Au Bi Po Russian chemist Dmitri 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 Mendeleev in 1869. Fr Ra – Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo 103 Inner transition metals (lanthanides and actinides) 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Beryllium Raw materials of the high-tech society

Rare metals, and the rare earths in particular, have strategic importance. These include Calcium ﬂ uoride are vital for technical progress. Yet it’s still beryllium and magnesium. Beryllium is valued difficult to determine the terminology without for its use in alloys of copper, aluminum, leaving a sense of ambiguity—what does “rare” nickel, and iron because it dramatically increases really mean in this context? Various criteria hardness, strength, and corrosion resistance. exist, including price or price increase, restricted Magnesium is potentially important as a material reserves, or even a local concentration of in lightweight engineering for aerospace and deposits and/or extraction activity (as is the case, automobile manufacturing applications. The for instance, with the rare earths in China). In mineral fluorspar (calcium fluoride), which addition to the metals already described, which is used in the metals industry and for the produc-

SOURCE: PERIODENSYSTEM.INFO; ILLUSTRATION: PICFOUR. PHOTOGRAPHY: JUMK.DE, GETTY ALCHEMIST-HP IMAGES, PICFOUR. PHOTOGRAPHY: ILLUSTRATION: PERIODENSYSTEM.INFO; SOURCE: are particularly sought-after, other materials also tion of fluorine, is also very important. Magnesium

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Doing the Right Thing Corporate responsibility in action: What kind of oil does the cream contain? How can we feed chickens without damaging the environment? And why do trainees need to learn about a healthy diet? Three examples that together make up a complete picture TEXT CARLA SCHACHT

IF YOU GOOGLE the phrase “corporate responsi- We compared the share prices of companies listed on bility,” you get bombarded with a lot of hits—almost the Dow Jones Sustainability Index with those of their 9,000,000 in fact. Virtually every larger company, competitors. We found that firms with a sustainabil- bank etc. has either a program, guideline, or declara- ity strategy were able to emerge from the financial cri- tion governing the issue. Even Walt Disney has com- sis more quickly and in better shape than the others. mitted Mickey Mouse and the notoriously stingy Un- According to your study, a focus on sustainability also cle Scrooge to the principles of corporate responsibility pays off in terms of capital costs. (CR). Still, declarations and the like are no guarantee We did in fact find that except for a few cases, com- that CR will actually be practiced every day. Making panies that make a contribution to sustainability have responsibility toward customers, employees, and soci- lower financing costs. Major differences were identi- ety a firm element of corporate culture is a painstaking fied here among electricity suppliers, chemical com- process that must be carried out at all levels if CR is to panies, and airlines, whereby the difference with become a factor of success. Dr. Otto Schulz, Vice Presi- chemical firms was 0.9 percent. dent of the A.T. Kearney consulting firm, describes the What must a company do to be able to promote impact CR strategies have on corporate value and cap- sustainability? ital procurement. Three examples are then provided We identified various stages of excellence for assess- to illustrate how carefully Evonik addresses the issue ing sustainability strategies. The first stage is achieved of corporate responsibility. when a company starts making a contribution by changing its production infrastructure—for example, Dr. Schulz, you’ve conducted two studies that by improving insulation in a production hall in order to examine the competitiveness of companies minimize energy losses. Such companies gain a com- that have voluntarily pledged to contribute to petitive advantage when raw material prices or elec- sustainable development. What makes tricity costs increase later on. such companies different from competitors And the other stages? that don’t focus on this issue? The next stage involves the launch of more extensive Dr. Otto Schulz: Companies that operate in accordance changes like installing heat pumps for administrative with the principles of sustainability are generally ex- buildings. Of course, the company is still manufactur- posed to fewer risks. When selecting their areas of ing the same products, but the approach has been al- business, they take into consideration future trends tered in a major way. The third stage is reached when such as resource scarcity and rising energy costs, a firm voluntarily commits to the principles of sustain- and then use this knowledge to gain a competitive ability in order to gain a clear competitive edge. One edge. Factors such as building insulation and light- example of this would be an automaker that begins weight automobile design are taking on completely producing its cars much more efficiently. Things really new significance in the chemical industry from a sus- get interesting, however, when such a manufacturer tainability standpoint. Other key areas include cata- begins building extremely fuel-efficient vehicles—or lysts, LED lamps, and lithium-ion batteries for electric even hybrid or electric cars that are completely in line cars. Companies that invested in these fields early on with the key macro-trend. have attained a better position on the market than ri- Aren’t suppliers obliged to make the same vals who didn’t. commitment? What types of evaluation criteria did your studies Yes, that’s a key point. It’s very important for a com-

utilize? pany to get the entire value chain to focus on sustain- INGO RAPPERS, PLAINPICTURE PHOTOGRAPHY:

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Peter Becker, Sales Manager and Sustainability Coordinator at Personal Care: “Greater transparency regarding product origin and environmental impact”

ability. It’s typical these days for a firm in the middle of the chain to be responsible for sustainability all the way along the chain. What role do employees play in the implementation of a strategy that focuses on sustainability? Employees are often much more focused on sustainability than company management. Most of them already practice it at home by separating their trash, eating right, and trying to lead a healthy lifestyle. Sus- tainability is a good instrument for retaining employees and recruiting talented new staff. Highly skilled college graduates in particular prefer to work for a company that has something interesting to offer in this regard. A voluntary commitment to sustainable business operations also breathes new life into programs like employee suggestion systems because it allows staff to get involved at all levels of implementation. In addition, a focus on sustainability strengthens loyalty to the company and helps it hold on to good employees over the long term. This aspect in particular is becoming more and more important in the competition to recruit skilled talent.

A close examination Sustainability doesn’t end at the factory gates— which is why suppliers to Evonik Industries are also carefully evaluated with this issue in mind. Personal Care offers a good example Discerning consumers are inquisitive consumers. They want to know everything. In particular, they are keen to find out where everything comes from—be it the frozen pizza in the supermarket, or the sweat pants, bananas, or electronics they buy. They’re interested in the substances contained in their shower gels, and the extent to which the environment may have been damaged by the products they purchase and the processes used to manufacture them. These are also the kind of questions that concern Evonik employees like Peter Becker, Sales Manager

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and Sustainability Coordinator for the Personal Care Product Line, which supplies raw materials to the cosmetic and body and skin-care industries. “We want to provide our customers with greater transparency regarding the origins of our products, the processes used to manufacture them, and the overall environmental impact,” says Becker. “In this regard, it’s very important to have extensive knowledge of technologies and environmentally friendly production processes for cosmetics.” Innovative technologies for conserving resources Personal Care sells its products not only to major brand manufacturers in the cosmetics and body-care industries but also to small specialist firms that focus on natural products in these sectors. In this constel- lation, Becker encounters differing views regarding the importance of sustainability: “Sustainable production of the substances used is very important to some manufacturers, while others are primarily concerned with product safety and performance. Produc- ers of baby-care products pay attention to all of these considerations.” In order to meet the expectations of its industrial customers, Evonik has not only been closely exam- ining its own internal manufacturing processes but also requiring its suppliers to adhere to the Group’s corporate responsibility principles. “We behave re- sponsibly and fairly toward employees, customers, suppliers, and the public, and we expect our own suppliers to do exactly the same,” Becker explains. “This includes complying with recognized minimal standards as developed and defined by the United Nations’ Global Compact and the UN’s International Labour Organization (ILO).” The implications of such an approach are perfectly clear: “If we find that a supplier is not acting in compliance with these requirements, Evonik will demand ongoing evidence of improve- ment as a condition for the start or continuation of “The ecological balance the business relationship.” This isn’t always that easy. A very sensitive issue sheet reveals the truth” at Personal Care is palm oil, one of the most coveted Dr. Michael Binder, Senior Manager Regulatory Affairs for raw materials on the market. Palm oil can be used for the Methionine and Bioproducts Business Lines (background photo: almost anything—body lotions, ice cream, and even methionine plant in Antwerp): “One kilogram of DL-methionine biofuels. The practically universal application possi- can replace roughly 66 kilograms of ﬁ sh meal, while two kilograms bilities can have grave consequences, however. In In- of BIOLYS can replace around 35 kilograms of soy meal” donesia, the world’s leading supplier of palm oil, large

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segments of forest are continually cut or burned down nine. Producers have been adding this amino acid to to make way for illegal palm plantations, for example. animal feed since the 1950s to compensate for a lack Slash-and-burn in particular not only destroys the rain of nutrients. forests that are so important for climate protection; it Given the company’s attitude to sustainability, the

also releases high levels of the CO2 emissions that are amino acids produced by Evonik (which include DL- a major cause of climate change. In any case, one can methionine, L-lysine, L-tryptophan, and L-threonine) not tell from looking at palm oil whether it was ob- are now more important than ever because they can si- tained illegally. multaneously help offset food shortages that threaten The situation in Indonesia was just one reason why the world, while also offering an ecological benefit. Ac- Evonik joined the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil cording to the UN, the global population will increase (RSPO)—an organization that seeks to ensure that only to more than nine billion by 2050—and the composition certain designated areas are cleared for palm cultiva- of animal feed will play a key role in our ability to sup- tion in a manner that conforms to the law. A total of ply all these people with high-quality food in line with 84 percent of Personal Care products are manufac- sustainability principles. tured either wholly or partially with renewable resources. Along with palm oil, such resources include Lower greenhouse gas emissions sunflower and rapeseed oils. “As far as the problem of Animal feed such as wheat, barley, and soy have a var- ever-scarcer global resources is concerned, our goal ied amino acid composition that’s not optimally bal- is not to blindly increase the proportion of renewable anced for animals. As a result, the nitrogen in the feed resources but instead to utilize innovative technolo- is not completely processed by animal bodies. Instead, gies that enable us to carry out our business responsi- the surplus nitrogen released through excrement is bly,” says Becker. converted into climate-damaging gases that have a det- That’s why Personal Care is also conducting re- rimental effect on the environment. It should also be search into intelligent biological processes—such as remembered that animal husbandry itself makes a sig- fermentation and enzyme esterification—that make nificant contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas it possible to manufacture raw materials not only in emissions. However, improving the animal feed amino accordance with sustainability principles but also in acid mix through a properly dosed addition of the es- a manner that ensures they are extremely well toler- sential amino acids DL-methionine, L-lysine, L-thre- ated by consumers. For example, ceramides—impor- onine, and L-tryptophan can help reduce emissions of tant base materials for anti-aging products—are now greenhouse gases. obtained through fermentation. And that is a devel- The production of amino acids also requires en- opment that’s sure to please discerning consumers, ergy whose generation produces such gases. That’s who not only want to have a clean conscience but also why in order to produce a fair assessment of the eco- look relaxed. logical balance it is necessary to take the entire chain into account—from the manufacturing process all the way to the animals. “The Ecological Balance Sheet that Animal feed for the world Evonik developed in cooperation with independent PHOTOGRAPHY: INGO RAPPERS, KARSTEN BOOTMANN PHOTOGRAPHY: Products that improve sustainability organizations like the Institute for Energy and Envi- need not be new to become corporate ronmental Research (ifeu) and TÜV Rheinland does responsibility stars, as evidenced by just that,” says Dr. Michael Binder, Senior Manager Regulatory Affairs for the Methionine and Bioprod- the animal feed additive methionine ucts Business Lines in Hanau. “Our goal at Evonik is to make sure that corporate re- This balance sheet has produced surprising results: sponsibility leads to business success, and that we de- If you compensate for the protein deficit by adding DL- velop products which contribute to sustainable devel- methionine amino acid instead of soy or fish meal to opment,” says Evonik CR Coordinator Gerald Breyer. wheat and barley feed, you can substantially reduce The company has already been doing a great job here— greenhouse gas emissions. Every ton of carbon diox-

in some cases for decades, as is the case with methio- ide released through the DL-methionine produc-

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tion process results in a 23-ton reduction over the entire DL-methionine product lifecycle. Excessive fertilization of arable land (eutrophication) also de- creases: The release of ammonia is lowered by a factor of 26, while the amount of nitrates is reduced by a factor of seven. Binder provides yet another interesting calcula- tion: “One kilogram of DL-methionine can replace approximately 66 kilograms of fish meal, while two kilograms of BIOLYS can replace around 35 kilograms of soy meal,” he says. This means that the 750,000 tons of methionine produced each year by all manufacturers worldwide could reduce the area of land cultivated for animal feed by around 15 million hectares, thereby freeing up space for bread grains and other food crops for people. Meat consumption is rising sharply in China Amino acids will become even more important in the future as consumption of meat and milk products continues to increase significantly. According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), worldwide meat consumption will rise from 37 kilograms per capita in 2000 to more than 52 kilograms in 2050. The amount of meat consumed in China alone will increase by 42 percent between now and 2016. The use of amino acid additives can prevent demand for animal feed from rising as much as the demand for meat. Moreover, if farmed fish can be provided with essential amino acids in aquaculture, it would reverse the trend toward over-fishing in the seas and help natural fish populations recover. Evonik Industries—the only company in the world that produces all four major essential amino acids— has prepared itself for the coming sharp increase in demand for poultry, pork, and the aquaculture fish bred in Asia. In October 2010, the Group began planning construction of a new DL-methionine plant in Singapore that will go into operation in 2014 with “Promoting networking” an annual capacity of 150,000 tons. Taken together, Renate Lenßen is responsible for the project conceived to integrate the production volume in Wesseling (Germany), corporate responsibility topics into training programs. Between Antwerp (Belgium), Mobile (Alabama, USA), and now and the fall of 2011, all Evonik trainees will take part in seminars. the new facility in Singapore will total 580,000 tons Among other things, such seminars provide them with case studies per year. That’s good news for the world—and for that teach them what corporate responsibility actually means, and how Evonik Industries, which will then be making an it can be practiced every day both at work and at home important contribution to healthy diets for people and animals.

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Prepared for life seminar days address the topics of “Ergonomics at the Workplace,” “Drugs and Addiction,” and “Stress and Evonik was one of the ﬁ rst major German com- Movement.” panies to include corporate responsibility in its training programs—a feature that actually helps Responsibility and social skills apprentices in their daily lives: Exposing young trainees to CR topics also sharpens their awareness of their environment—as evidenced “It’s never too early to communicate to our future em- by the IPW’s mentoring model in the form of a net- ployees just how important corporate responsibility work that was proposed by the trainees themselves. is,” declared Ralf Blauth, who is a member of the Ex- Several apprentices had noticed that many interns ecutive Board and Evonik’s Chief Human Resources were having trouble finding their way around the Officer, when the pilot phase for the “CR in Training” IPW’s extensive grounds. The interns—most of them program was launched in March 2010. Five CR proj- high school students—were then assigned a trainee ects for trainees were carried out at Wolfgang Indus- partner who helped them get their bearings. This ser- trial Park (IPW) and at the Goldschmidtstraße Train- vice is not only popular among the young visitors, as ing Center in Essen. Corinna Schmidt, an instructor in Hanau, points out: While it’s true that CR-related topics such as “It also teaches the trainees themselves to take on re- health, occupational safety, and energy efficiency sponsibility for their colleagues and gain a deeper un- were already being addressed in Evonik’s training derstanding of social skills.” courses, the new program still has a lot to offer. “The Following the completion of the successful pilot ‘CR in Training’ program now links individual aspects projects, the “CR in Training” program was rolled out with strategic CR issues,” says Renate Lenßen, who at all Group locations in Germany in February 2011. is responsible for integrating CR subjects into Group Trainees are also participating in the development training programs. “Corporate responsibility is there- of new CR training modules as part of a joint proj- fore now a firm element of training curricula at par- ect. Small groups of trainees from throughout the ticipating locations.” Group are developing the framework for a seminar The practical projects carried out illustrate how on “Social Networks on the Internet,” for example. “CR in Training” is actually implemented. For ex- All Evonik trainees will eventually take part in this ample, chemistry trainees at the Goldschmidtstraße seminar, which aims to increase their awareness of Training Center in Essen developed a new cooling wa- the benefits and dangers associated with social net- ter system in their labs. The trainees had noticed that works like Facebook. fresh water was continually being wasted because it This project is especially important to Lenßen: was channeled into the waste water system after hav- “We’re not only addressing an issue much discussed ing performed its cooling function—despite the fact in society but also promoting the establishment of net- that the water had had absolutely no contact with works that link instructors and trainees.” chemicals. They determined they could reduce over- Blauth is also very pleased with the progress made all water consumption by capturing and recycling this in firmly incorporating CR topics into Group training PHOTOGRAPHY: INGO RAPPERS, INDUSTRIES EVONIK PHOTOGRAPHY: cooling water. Their idea was eventually implemented programs: “Our trainees learn through their own ac- in the form of a new cooling water system. tions that responsible behavior generates added value Projects at Wolfgang Industrial Park (IPW) in not just for themselves but also for the company and Hanau illustrate how trainees can integrate CR into society.” their daily lives. The “Fit for IPW” project offers the young trainees effective tips for a healthy diet, for ex- SUMMARY ample. “This project was actually developed in 2005, • Companies that voluntarily commit themselves to but it was later adapted to CR requirements and fur- sustainable development have lower capital costs ther refined,” says Sebastian Petry, an instructor in • Businesses that want to promote sustainable develop- Hanau. These days, an entire day of seminars is de- ment need committed employees—plus the support voted to nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. Three other of their suppliers and customers

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45_Evonik_01-11_EN E_45 11.03.11 18:38 Healing with the cloud: The “SMS for Life” project in Africa uses cloud computing services, text messaging, and intuitive websites to manage the supply and delivery of vital medications for malaria patients, hundreds of whom have been saved in this manner. This photo was taken at the Malaria Center in Kolle in Mali

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The Cloud Connection Networking via Internet can do much good. That’s why cloud computing will be the most important IT trend of 2011. Still, many suffer from “acrophobia” at the thought of data outsourcing, as they fear for the security of their data and processes TEXT ANDREAS BRANNASCH

“THE ACTOR GEORGE CLOONEY contracted ma- tems, nanotechnologies, and environmental analysis, laria on a recent trip to Sudan.” This headline caused among other things. Berkeley Labs opted for Google a huge stir in January after Clooney went public about Apps as a cloud solution for optimizing cooperation his illness: “That fact that I was cured shows just what among the researchers and reducing costs. Chief Infor- can be accomplished with the right medications,” he mation Officer (CIO) Dr. Rosio Alvarez explains why: said. “This illustrates how with proper medication, the “Now several scientists can use the same document for most lethal condition in Africa can be reduced to a bad a research project simultaneously and provide their in- ten days instead of a death sentence.” put. We used to have to make a huge number of cop- In a pilot project known as “SMS for Life,” IBM sup- ies of the results, and the results then had to be com- ported a novel approach to fighting malaria in Tanzania pared in a tedious process. But now researchers from by making available cloud computing services, while all over the world can fully participate and collaborate wireless network provider Vodafone and the Novar- on our projects.” tis pharmaceutical company managed the delivery and storage of medications in hospitals in line with demand. Living in the cloud The project used cell phones, text messaging services, A survey recently conducted by Germany’s Federal As- and intuitive websites to make the supply of anti-ma- sociation for Information Technology, Telecommuni- laria drugs to more than one million people three times cations and New Media (BITKOM) found that cloud more effective than before, thereby saving the lives of computing will be the most important IT trend in 2011. hundreds of individuals. The principle is simple: Ever-faster Web connections The Internet is now also being used by so-called are creating a situation in which less and less infor- citizen-scientists to support established researchers. mation and programs are being stored on individual The worldwide “Galaxy Zoo Team,” for example, has computers at work. Instead, software, operating sys- registered more than 300,000 volunteers who viewed tems, applications, computing and storage capacity, images of millions of galaxies for the University of Ox- and even networks and servers are being provided via ford in the UK, and then classified them as either spiral the Internet, with access possible from any computer or elliptical. Some of the volunteers actually discovered or smartphone at any time and from any place in the very active small galaxies that were as yet unknown. world. In other words, we are being surrounded by a These 250 galaxies were given the collective name of “digital cloud.” “Green Peas.” Galaxy Zoo uses a cloud computing ser- The benefits are convincing: Companies can re- vice from Amazon to enable collaboration with its am- duce IT costs and get rid of their large computers ateur scientists. and servers, expensive office software, and gigantic More than 4,000 scientists, engineers, and students amounts of data stored on hard drives. IBM estimates at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Califor- that cloud computing eliminates the need for as much

PHOTOGRAPHY: DIGITALVISION, GIORGIA FIORIO/CONTRASTO/LAIF GIORGIA DIGITALVISION, PHOTOGRAPHY: nia, USA are conducting research into new energy sys- as 80 percent of the space normally required for a

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You, too, can Zoo. The Galaxy Zoo Team from the University of Oxford had 300,000 “citizen-scientists” view images of millions of galaxies with the help of cloud networks on the Web

“Research on internal servers only” Dr. Peter Nagler has a PhD in chemistry and is head of Innovation Management Chemicals & Creavis (IMC) at Evonik. computer center, while also cutting electricity costs IMC also has an Intellectual Property by 60 percent. Management (IPM) unit responsible for The more cloud computing is used, the more revenue will be generated for external service provid- developing and safeguarding the IP value ers. According to a study conducted for BITKOM by created within the Group, as well as the Experton Group, revenues from cloud computing managing its strategic utilization and will increase from €1.9 billion in 2011 to €8.2 billion commercialization in 2015, which corresponds to annual revenue growth of more than 40 percent. It is even possible that cloud Dr. Nagler, is Evonik already using cloud computing? computing could account for some 10 percent of total Dr. Peter Nagler: We utilize private cloud technologies inter- IT expenditure in five years. nally as a means of virtualizing servers and storage capacity in The ads are already out there. Microsoft has TV our computer center. commercials that invite customers to enter the cloud, What about external solutions? while HP Utility Services asks: “Would you buy a cow Up until now, external cloud computing has been used to only a if all you wanted was a glass of milk?”—and then pro- very limited extent. As soon as the legal issues involving security vides the answer: “Meter your IT expenses so that they and data protection have been resolved, we will begin examin- match your exact requirements.” IBM is focusing on the ing whether such external applications offer any advantages for human touch by highlighting the “SMS for Life” proj- Evonik. At the moment, however, this does not apply to IPM. ect in response to its own ad question: “How safe is Because you believe the risks are too high? cloud computing?” That’s correct. External cloud computing would conflict with our efforts to protect our knowledge of technical innovations, Private or public which is why IPM is a no-go area for such networks. The storage The services offered by cloud providers vary. There of electronic data and research results in this sensitive area is are “private clouds” in which provider and user are in all done via internal servers that are protected separately by our the same company, which therefore also retains con- IT systems. Access is granted via encrypted procedures trol of data and security. The automaker Daimler re- governed by an extremely restrictive authorization concept. cently announced plans to transfer 180,000 PC work- Does this apply to patents as well? stations into a private cloud to enable mobile working. Data on patent applications is stored at the European Patent A “public cloud,” on the other hand, can be used Office almost exclusively in electronic form with SSL encryption by any person or company. Everybody is familiar with and electronic signatures. Google Maps by now, which can be used to generate routes. Complex computing operations are required for every route description—or even just to zoom in and out of a satellite image. These calculations are not car-

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Glossary BI Business Intelligence. Systematic data analysis BITKOM Germany’s Federal Association for Information Technology, Telecommuni- cations and New Media CRM Customer Relationship Management. Increasingly being carried out via cloud solutions. DLD Digital Life Design: a conference network operated by the Burda Verlag publishing company GNU GNU’s not Unix. Free operating system without licensing restrictions or secret source codes HP Hewlett-Packard Company. Manufacturer of hardware (computers, printers, monitors, servers etc.) and a provider of cloud services IBM International Business Machines Corporation. Provider of hardware, software, and IT, consulting, and cloud services ried out on the user’s computer, however, but instead IT Information Technology. Term used for information and data processing by giant server farms operated by Google. These serv- ICT Information and Communication Technology ers store all Earth-surface map data—an amount of in- SMS Short Message Service. Short text messaging services with a maximum of formation so huge it could never even come close to fit- 160 characters for communication among cell phones, SMS-enabled fixed- ting on a home computer. In other words, all the work line telephones, and certain Internet services is done by external hardware; the calculations are car- TMT Technology, Media, and Telecommunication ried out in the cloud. WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access. Encryption system for wireless networks (WLAN) Companies often supplement their existing IT systems for daily business operations with cloud computing as a cushion against peak loads. A good example of the utility of cloud computing is offered by the fol- through their ability to access virtually unlimited re- lowing scenario: A medium-sized consulting company sources at very short notice. has experienced unexpectedly rapid growth. Most of The biggest players in the cloud computing market its staff aren’t in the office that much, so it’s extremely are technology companies such as Amazon, Google, important that everyone always has access to all infor- IBM, Microsoft, and Salesforce. These firms make the mation. However, because the company has a hetero- huge capacity provided by several hundred thousand geneous IT landscape and a large number of different network computers available to external users as well. CRM tools, the dissemination of information is anything but optimal. Acrophobia and cloudbursts IT system standardization and the operation of Yet despite the indisputable advantages, some com- a unified CRM and BI system would require a high panies are suffering from a type of “acrophobia.” In level of initial investment. Here, the introduction of other words, they get the creeps when they think a cloud-based solution would offer a good possibility about placing sensitive data on external servers. They to effectively address the problem. The leasing of re- are afraid of losing control and giving up data secu- sources is a particularly interesting option for start- rity, and they are worried about being unable to ac- ups or developers without their own infrastructure. cess computer capacity when they need it—or even Here, cloud computing becomes an instrument for not being able to get to their own data in the event of conducting business without having to take on risks. external server problems. A location-independent network can be set up with- “It seems that in Germany cloud computing still out investment in software licenses or servers. An- suffers from a lack of trust,” says Robert Horndasch, other common argument in favor of cloud computing a partner in the TMT department at the Deloitte au- is that it reduces development times because engineers diting and consulting company. “For many, the skepti- can test their new applications on service platforms cism regarding data security and process control out-

PHOTOGRAPHY: EVONIK INDUSTRIES, NASA, DIGITALVISION INDUSTRIES, NASA, EVONIK PHOTOGRAPHY: and get their product ready for market more quickly weighs the perceived benefits.” The Internet is not

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Knowledge on the Internet: A chronology 1992 launched in 1996. The first audio and Today, all statistics show video transmissions take that Google is the mar- place on the Internet. ket leader with a share of more than 80 percent of 1994 all search queries. The number of commer- exactly a secret place, and security assurances have cial Internet users exceeds been “cloudy” up until now, so to speak. Cloud comput- that of scientific users ing agreements are contracts that can raise many legal for the first time. Some three million computers questions in certain situations. At the moment, it ap- are now hooked up to pears that liability and warranty issues, as well as those 1984, August 2 the Internet. concerning the protection of copyrights, patents, and The first German e-mail is received at the Univer- 1995 the results of capital-intensive research and develop- sity of Karlsruhe. In the Microsoft Internet ment, have yet to be resolved in a satisfactory manner. 2001 same year, the Domain Explorer Versions 1.0, The German version of Name System (DNS) is 1.5, and 2.0 are launched Hacking and code-cracking implemented. the universal encyclopedia The German-English Wikipedia, which A great many German companies believe cloud com- 1989, March online dictionary Leo was founded in March, puting is a threat to their valuable knowledge. Further Sir Timothy John Berners- is launched at the Tech- has some 1.2 million doubts were recently raised by the removal from Am- Lee writes the paper “In- articles. This makes it the nische Universität azon’s server of data from the Wikileaks Internet whis- formation Management: München’s Institute of second-largest Wikipedia A Proposal” at Conseil Eu- Computer Science. after the English-language tleblower platform. A spokeswoman for the Electronic ropéen pour la Recherche version, which comprises Frontier Foundation (EFF) in the USA had the following 1996 Nucléaire (CERN). This more than 3.5 million to say: “Every company should know that if they hand The Heise online news draft is the basis for the articles (as of 2/2011). over their data to a third party, they will become sub- development of the World website is launched. The name Wikipedia Wide Web (WWW). Today it’s the most is a combination of “Wiki” ject to that firm’s terms of business”—which also means frequently visited (the Hawaiian word for becoming subject to the legal stipulations of the coun- 1990 German-language IT “fast”) and “Encyclopedia.” try where the service provider has its headquarters. The Internet is made avail- news ticker and one able for commercial use, of the most successful 2006 Skeptics have gotten some high-profile support which means it can now German-language First mention of the term from Internet legend Richard Stallman, the founder of be freely accessed from news portals. “cloud computing “ the Open Source GNU project. In an interview with the outside the American mil- Establishment of UK newspaper The Guardian last December, Stallman itary and from universities. 1998 An Internet search engine WikiLeaks commented on the presentation of Google’s cloud- by the name of Google based Chrome OS operating system as follows: “It’s all goes online; a predeces- about having a third party store your data and carry out sor—BackRub—had been all your computing operations—which means you lose control. Perhaps the term ‘careless computing’ would be a more apt description.” Private individuals who use clouds from Internet companies like Google, Apple, or Facebook for their e-mail accounts, music downloads, or photo archives

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A total of 4,000 Holes in the cloud scientists and students at A philosopher livens up a discussion among Lawrence Berkeley IT specialists with his view of “clouds” National Laboratory are conducting research into new “The history of the clouds—99 meditations” energy systems—in This book by poet and writer Dr. Hans-Magnus the “cloud” Enzensberger led the event organizers to invite the author to the DLD Digital Congress in Mu- nich. Speaking at the podium, the versatile intellectual confessed: “I’m a very analog person. So for me, the interesting question is: How can we balance the extremely diverse analog and digital codes in our daily life?” Enzensberger also said it was very unusual that in IT language of all things (where an incomprehensible babble normally domi- nates), a poetic term like “cloud” should be used for a technologi- cal concept: “I find that ingenious, but also very courageous. After all, clouds are very unstable—they constantly change shape and you might be interested in knowing that legislation makes can’t rely on them. There are also people who get an uneasy feel- it easier for the U.S. government to access all of this data ing when they think about cloud computing. They think that clouds than to get at information stored on a home computer, have holes—out of which their data can rain.” The IT sector must for which authorities would need a court order. Ger- first establish trust if it is to be successful with cloud computing, he many’s more stringent data protection laws also be- pointed out. come invalid in the global cloud. Besides that, everyone Every child knows that clouds are good for the imagination. should also be aware that Facebook CEO Mark Zucker- “They stimulate one’s fantasy. And they’re also good medicine berg is no big fan of privacy. Financial Times Deutsch- against depressing thoughts, in most cases better than therapists,” land quotes Martin Schweinoch, an IT attorney at the Enzensberger says. Ultimately, both are also good for IT experts. SKW Schwarz law firm, as follows: “Everyone involved in this is moving into unknown territory where technology is faster than the law and the attorneys.” A German IT expert recently provided a demon- stration of this when he cracked his neighbor’s WLAN password (with permission) in just 20 minutes. He was assisted in this computing-intensive attack by Ama- zon’s cloud computing service. The password cracking was carried out by having a rented service from Ama- zon called WPACracker sift through 70 million words from a dictionary. In the end, this program proved to be hundreds of times faster than a conventional quad core processor. The bill he paid to rent the combined capacity of 400 computers totaled two dollars.

SUMMARY • Cloud computing is the concept of making computing capacity, data storage, and software available over a network • This network can be accessed from any computer or smartphone anywhere in the world—a digital “cloud” surrounds us • The “cloud” opens up new possibilities for research, Hans Magnus Enzensberger ﬁ nds it “ingenious” to use the concept of

certain branches of the economy, and social work PICTURE-ALLIANCE (2), PLAINPICTURE, JIM RAKETE/PHOTOSELECTION DIGITALVISION, PHOTOGRAPHY: the “cloud,” which is taken from poetry, to describe data networks

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Dazzled by Data Tom Schimmeck met up with Prof. Peter Steenkiste. Wanted: A new heart for the Internet ILLUSTRATION PETER PICHLER

“WE HAVE a huge project lined up,” says under tremendous pressure.” Today, along- What the Internet especially needs is im- Peter Steenkiste. The professor of Com- side millions of computers, it encompasses proved functionality. “The scientific chal- puter Science and Electrical and Computer sensors and all kinds of devices, including lenge will be to provide this functionality Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University everything from cameras to refrigerators. without having to make the network even in Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) is the “princi- “It’s difficult to integrate all these new tech- more complex,” says Steenkiste. Right now, pal investigator” in a project associated with nical possibilities into the system,” he says. the Internet’s core has a very simple struc- the Future Internet Architecture Program, And the trend is set to continue. There ture. “It’s a very basic protocol that can only which is funded by the U.S. National Science are almost two billion Internet users world- recognize a package, a sender, and an ad- Foundation. According to Steenkiste the aim wide, and not just in the wealthiest countries. dress.” And then the protocol tries to deliver is basically to develop “a new core” for the The strongest growth over the last ten years the package in question. However, the IP World Wide Web. occurred in Africa (+2,300%), the Middle doesn’t offer any guarantees. “It does its job Experts predict that the network’s infra- East (+1,800%), Central and South Amer- as well as it can but its capacities are limited.” structure will not cope in ten years time. The ica (+1,000%), and Asia (+600%). The net- So what needs to be improved? Steen- main culprit is the flood of data. Whereas the work company Cisco Systems estimates that kiste says that so far, the Internet has been Internet transmitted only 0.02 petabytes (20 by 2014, the world’s data stream will once based around hosts, i.e. large computers that trillion bytes) of information per month in again have tripled. This is especially down to provide all kinds of data. “In the future, the In- 1994, that number had grown to 20 exabytes the fact that more and more videos are being ternet will have to be centered around con- (20 quintillion bytes) by 2010. added to the Internet. The prognosis is that tent instead.” For modern services such as When Steenkiste was working on his en- by 2014, videos will count for more than 90 search engines, it doesn’t matter where the gineering degree back in 1982, computer percent of data traffic on the Internet. To put host is located. “So the question is: How do monitors still displayed flickering green those numbers into perspective, you would we find a similarly minimalist interface that letters and you had to use a dial-up modem need over two years to watch the video im- will work for both content and services?” He to get online. “Connection capacities have ages that pass through the global IP network adds, “It has to be both simple and elegant, greatly expanded and Internet technologies every single second. By 2014, the amount yet has to support all of the functions—behave improved dramatically,” says Steen- of data passing through the Internet in one cause everything else is based on it.” Along kiste. Speed isn’t everything, though. “It month alone will reach a volume equivalent with colleagues at Carnegie Mellon, Boston makes a difference to users and allows more to 16 billion DVDs, 21 trillion MP3-format University, and the University of Wisconsin, users to participate. But it doesn’t change the songs, or 400 quadrillion text messages. Steenkiste is going to spend the next three foundation of the Internet—the protocols.” Should developers have expected such years developing solutions for these ques- That’s precisely what Internet reformers rapid growth 25 years ago? “I believed that tions. The aim is to have a prototype up and are now setting out to do: to create a founda- the Internet would be a success," says Steen- running by 2012. Surely all that responsibility tion that will provide a more efficient, more kiste, who earned his doctorate at Stanford in must also mean lots of pressure? “I don't think reliable and safer transmission of global data 1987. “But no one expected this. Just imag- about it much,” the computer enthusiast re- streams. Says Steenkiste: “The Internet is ine what things will be like in 20 years.” sponds. “It’s a great job and lots of fun.”

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

52_Evonik_01-11_EN E_52 11.03.11 18:49 Evonik Global A journey around the world to international Evonik locations

54 Russia CyPlus GmbH: Innovative technology from Evonik Industries makes extracting gold in Nizhny Novgorod more efficient Interview: Frank Harenburg, Managing Director of CyPlus GmbH, talks about the new sodium cyanide plant and the Russian gold market 55 South Korea HPPO: How a problem market can More than 20 give rise to new application areas with years ago, the MD-11 was prospects for growth the ﬁ rst passenger jet 56 China in which ROHACELL ROHACELL: A hard foam material was used developed by Evonik is part of the first passenger jet developed in China 57 Taiwan PLEXIGLAS: The beautiful island is an important location for Evonik Industries and the region—as three joint ventures show 58 The Netherlands Ubiflex: Innovation for roofs— how innovation can make life easier Airborne Anniversary for roofers USA More than 20 years ago in the USA, ROHACELL took off on its maiden flight 58 Dispatches as a civil aviation material Brazil: Big event for DEGAROUTE Indonesia: New tasks for anuary 10, 1990 was a special day for air- spent three years thoroughly testing both PT Evonik Indonesia J craft manufacturer McDonnell Douglas. material and production process before South Korea: Four-year contract The newly developed MD-11 took off from they issued final approval. Today the with Hankook Tire the airport at Long Beach, California (USA) material is an essential part of civil aircraft China: Proven partnership for its maiden flight. The takeoff was also manufacturing. Fuselage segments, with the Jushi Group keenly watched from Germany. It was the pressure bulkheads, flaps—hard foam has first flight of ROHACELL as part of a civil proven its virtues and established itself passenger jet. The covers of the flaps were even in safety-critical components. The made from ROHACELL. Before the compo- takeoff of the MD-11 more than 20 years nents could take to the air, however, the US ago opened the way to a new career for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) had material far above the clouds. PHOTOGRAPHY: ALEXANDRA VOSDING, ILLUSTRATION: PICFOUR ALEXANDRA ILLUSTRATION: VOSDING, PHOTOGRAPHY: Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

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Booming Business RUSSIA A technology developed by Evonik Industries has become the system of choice for mining gold efficiently and safely in a key Russian industry

f Moscow is the heart of Russia, then St. I Petersburg is the head, and Nizhny Novgorod is the wallet.” Niszhny Novgorod, the fifth-largest city in Russia, has been a trade center in the country since the mid-19th century. During the Soviet era, it was home to a gigantic chemicals complex; today it’s one of the most important centers of commerce and industry in the Russian Federation. In this city, located about 400 kilometers east of Moscow, where the Oka River meets the Volga, a new hub is being created for an important product from Evonik Industries AG—in late 2011, the Russian company Korund Cyan will put into operation one of the world’s most modern facilities for sodium cyanide production. The plant will use an innovative process developed by CyPlus GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of Evonik. “After spending years optimizing CyPlus technology, we have succeeded in making it the safest and most cost-efficient process of its kind,” says Frank Harenburg, CyPlus GmbH’s Manag- A coveted metal: Demand for gold is increasing along with efforts to ﬁ nd new sources of gold ore that ing Director. can be effectively tapped using state-of-the-art technology

Customers around the globe cyanide are currently produced each year five leading producers of sodium cyanide. The new facility is being built by a German around the world. The chemical is used Its customers are located around the globe, licensee—EPC Engineering Consulting mostly for precious metal mining—more but the biggest gold-mining countries GmbH, which has its headquarters in Ru- specifically to detach gold and silver are China, Australia, the USA, Canada, and dolstadt in the German state of Thuringia. embedded in rocks. Specialists refer to this South Africa. Most silver comes from Back at the end of 2010, the governor of process as “brining.” Gold trapped in ore Mexico and Peru. Russia is among the top the Nizhny Novgorod region laid the is often invisible and chemically bonded to ten gold producers in the world. Each year, cornerstone for the plant, and the techni- elements like sulfur. A highly diluted the country extracts nearly 180 metric cal specifications for it are now being sodium cyanide solution frees the gold from tons of the precious metal, or around eight configured down to the smallest detail. A the chemical bond. Modern mining compa- percent of the annual global total of over supplementary facility for supplying nies use activated carbon and electrolysis to 2,300 metric tons. hydrogen cyanide is also now being extract the coveted metal out of ores that Gold reserves are widely distributed planned. This substance is the basic raw generally contain only one gram of gold per throughout the vastness of the Russian material for sodium cyanide, which will be ton of rock. The highly toxic sodium Federation, which makes Nizhny manufactured under license as well. The cyanide can subsequently be used again for Novgorod a good compromise as a center technology will come from Evonik, and the the same process, or made more or less of operations: It’s close enough to major deliberate combination of the two plants harmless through chemical reactions. customers, located in the direct vicinity of will help ensure superior efficiency. The Evonik has its own production plants natural gas supplies, and smack in the Korund Cyan facility will be able to pro- for sodium cyanide in Wesseling and Ant- middle of a logistics network that extends duce approximately 40,000 metric tons of werp (Belgium). The Group is thus the to the farthest corners of Russia. So sodium cyanide when it begins operating. only company operating more than one sometimes it makes sense to listen to old

PHOTOGRAPHY: GETTY IMAGES PHOTOGRAPHY: Only about 600,000 metric tons of sodium such facility, and it’s also one of the world’s proverbs after all.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

54_Evonik_01-11_EN E_54 11.03.11 19:05 Absolutely Safe RUSSIA Frank Harenburg, Managing Director of CyPlus GmbH, talks about the new sodium cyanide plant, the gold market, and the market position of CyPlus PHOTOGRAPHY: PLAINPICTURE PHOTOGRAPHY: Polyurethane is one of the most popular plastics in the world and can be found everywhere—in cars, in couches, and in the home. The new process developed by Evonik yields practically no byproducts Until now, Evonik Industries AG has produced sodium cyanide only at its own facilities. Why not do this in Nizhny Novgorod? A Market Is Born The Russian market is very expansive, so SOUTH KOREA The world’s first HPPO facility, located in South Korea, is proving it would have taken too much time for itself in daily operations—and also attracting attention in other parts of Asia us to set up our own logistics network. That’s why we decided to issue a license to a solid Russian partner. Still, we’ve been involved in the planning and construction uccess stories often begin with a prob- ity for an HPPO plant is around 300,000 of the facility. We will also be part of the S lem—and this was true of the changes metric tons a year,” says Tibor Kovacs from commissioning process and provide train- Evonik Industries AG made to its hydrogen Technical Marketing. “That means Evonik ing to plant operating staff. peroxide business. The Group has been can provide more than 200,000 metric Sodium cyanide is more than a little danger- successful in this sector for more than six tons of hydrogen peroxide per year to a ous. What are you doing to ensure the safety decades, and today it is the world’s second- plant like that.” With just three such plants of people and the environment? largest producer of the compound. This as customers, Evonik would already have We and our customers know how to deal hydrogen-oxygen combination (HP for hy- caught up to the volume of its current HP with this material, as our numerous volun- drogen peroxide) is used to bleach paper sales for bleaching. The company is confi- tary measures, safety checks, and onsite and pulp. Evonik produces 600,000 metric dent that the HPPO process will become training programs clearly show. With our tons of HP each year, but growth in the successfully established on the market. new SLS (solid-to-liquid-system) packag- global paper market is gradually slowing ing system, customers have virtually down—not least due to a declining number Strong interest no direct contact with the product. We of newspapers. Evonik developers there- The Indian company Gujarat Alkalies and also offer relevant technologies for safe fore had to figure out further applications Chemicals Limited (GACL) is already

wastewater treatment. for H2O2—the chemical formula for HP. planning to build an HPPO facility in the How do you expect the market for gold and Inventive as they are, they came up with western Indian city of Gujarat, which will sodium cyanide to develop? the following solution: Hydrogen peroxide be supplied with HP from an Evonik plant Gold is very much in demand and the mar- would be used in an HPPO process devel- directly adjacent. “Demand for propylene ket for cyanide is also growing very rapidly. oped in cooperation with the engineering oxide seems to be skyrocketing here and in But the exploration and exploitation of new company Uhde to produce propylene ox- other parts of Asia,” says Kovacs. That’s deposits is becoming more difficult and ex- ide (PO), a key raw material for the plastics not surprising, given that propylene oxide pensive, which means there’s great interest industry. Back in 2008, Evonik and South is primarily used for the production of in technologies that ensure more efficient Korea’s SKC commissioned the world’s polyurethane—an all-around plastic very processing of gold ore. That’s good news first major PO facility in Ulsan. The new much in demand for use in insulating for CyPlus because we offer our customers technology offers economic benefits and is foams for refrigerators, furniture uphol- tailor-made solutions in this area. very environmentally friendly as well. stery, mattresses, and practically the entire Unlike other procedures, the HPPO interior of modern automobiles. Polyure- process has no byproducts to speak of— thane can in fact be found in virtually

except water. Here, H2O2 gives one oxygen everything manufactured today, especially Frank Harenburg, atom to the propylene, leaving H2O in Asia. Many PO facilities in Asia still use Managing Director behind in the process. Evonik supplies this the not very efficient chlorhydrine pro- of CyPlus GmbH: neighboring facility with HP. cess, which needs to be replaced over the “There’s great The integrated facility also pays off for next few years. Interested parties from interest in technologies for more Evonik, as the Group delivers approxi- other industrial nations in Asia have efﬁ cient processing mately 700 kilograms of HP for every met- already toured the facility in South Korea

PHOTOGRAPHY: EVONIK INDUSTRIES EVONIK PHOTOGRAPHY: of gold ore” ric ton of PO produced. “The typical capac- and expressed great interest in it.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

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First Chinese passenger jet for the domestic market: The C919 means stiff competition for Airbus and Boeing and will boost ROHACELL as a major construction material for

PHOTOGRAPHY: PHOTOSHOT PHOTOGRAPHY: modern aircraft Giving China Wings CHINA The People’s Republic of China aims to produce its own passenger airplanes to serve its gigantic domestic market. ROHACELL by Evonik Industries will be on board too

hina is on the rise. The tremendous will be able to carry 150 to 200 passen- and composite materials made of ROHA- C strides the country has recently made gers, depending on the version, and will CELL, which has proven invaluable in in civilian aircraft construction are also match competitors in terms of range. aircraft construction for several decades astounding. Now China is building its first and is constantly finding new applications. civil passenger airplane, which will be Made for China The construction of the Chinese jet able to hold its own in the company of However, the new airliner is not yet once again demonstrates Evonik Indus- giants such as Airbus and Boeing. destined for the world market. The tries’ considerable experience in aircraft Part of the airplane will be made up of Chinese intend to focus on their own huge construction. Within only five months, ROHACELL hard foam from Evonik and growing domestic market. Experts the company was able to furnish the Industries AG. The material has already estimate that China will need 3,000 to prototype with high-quality, ready-to-use successfully demonstrated its outstanding 4,000 jets in the next 20 years. When the molding of ROHACELL—tailor-made to characteristics—weight reduction, resil- Chinese President Hu Jintao visited Chinese specifications. ience, and durability—in the prototype the United States in mid-January, he pre- The rapid delivery and ROHACELL’s of the first large Chinese passenger sented the American aircraft manufac- unique features must have made for airplane, the C919. In the rear pressure turer Boeing with an order for 200 B737 happy customers, because COMAC, bulkhead, for example, ROHACELL and B777 airplanes with an approximate which presented its C919 prototype at improved the component’s stiffness and value of €14 billion. the Airshow China in the southern buckling strength. At the same time, the C919 demon- Chinese city of Zhuhai at the end of 2010, The C919 will begin regular air ser- strates that China will be a force to be will continue to work with ROHACELL vice in five years. China thus plans to chal- reckoned with in the civil aviation indus- and with Evonik as a partner. In fact, the lenge the supremacy of Boeing and Air- try. The aircraft manufacturer Commer- material has already found a successful bus, which have so far divided the world’s cial Aircraft Corporation of China application in the wings of China’s markets between them. The C919 will be (COMAC) is focusing on well-established regional ARJ21-700 jet. It’s clear to see a direct competitor of the short-haul jets as well as cutting-edge technology such as that ROHACELL is giving the Chinese Airbus A320 and Boeing 737. The aircraft highly efficient General Electric engines aviation industry wings.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

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Island Powerhouse TAIWAN is often overlooked because of mainland China’s powerful economic growth, but the island is contributing a lot to the region’s booming economy

hen the big boys play, people tend W to overlook the little guys, as Taiwan is well aware. Compared to its gigantic neighbor mainland China, the island—which used to be called Formosa— is truly a dwarf. But the “Beautiful Island”—English for the name “Ilha For- mosa” given to it by Portuguese mariners in the 16th century—has every reason to be proud of its economy. As Dr. Gerard Berote, President of Evonik Degussa Taiwan Ltd., explains: “The Greater China Region generated approximately €1.2 billion in sales last year. Almost a quarter of that sum, i.e. about €290 million, was generated in Taiwan.” What accounts for the disproportionate prosperity of this supposed dwarf? To be precise, it is being generated by

three companies in three different loca- THINKSTOCK PHOTOGRAPHY: tions. One of them is the holding company Low rolling-resistance tires with ULTRASIL by Evonik are in demand in Asia, due to their excellent Evonik Forehouse Optical Polymers resistance to abrasion and wetness—and because they help conserve fuel Corporation in Taichung, which represents a success story for polymethylmethacry- standard lenses made by the joint venture The third Taiwanese success story is late (PMMA), better known as PLEXI- are only between three and five millimeters taking place in Taoyuan, in the northwest GLAS. This German-Taiwanese partner- in diameter and can withstand extremely of Taiwan. Taoyuan (“peach orchard” in ship produces optical grade PMMA—i.e. high temperatures. Evonik can produce Chinese) has been the site of the Taiwan- flawless PLEXIGLAS. The light guide about 20 million such lenses every year. ese production facility for precipitated plates for modern LCD displays, which Within the next two or three years, that silicic acid for 35 years. Today the site are found in computers, mobile phones, number is set to increase to approximately mainly produces tire silicas for the and televisions, are made of this product. 150 million per year. The expansion ULTRASIL brand, as well as special sili- Light guide plates, which ensure is needed because the joint venture, the cates for bioscientific and chemical appli- bright and even display imagery, have Evonik Cristal Materials Corporation, cations—all in all, approximately 30,000 been generating tremendous sales now generates about half of its sales in the metric tons a year. Tire silicas are used growth for the Group for years. Plans solar market, with lenses for concentrated above all in the production of low rolling- now call for a two-phase expansion photovoltaics. This technology works by resistance tires, which help to reduce the of production capacity for PLEXIGLAS to using lenses to concentrate sunlight fuel consumption of automobiles—without 80,000 metric tons a year by 2012— onto high-performance solar cells. It’s not sacrificing any skid or abrasion resistance. double what it is now. only an Asian market, though. There’s also New laws in South Korea and Japan demand in Europe, where concentrated that provide incentives to use such fuel- Silicic acid from the peach orchard photovoltaics are being used with saving tires are just one of many compel- A second location is also involved with promising results in the sun-drenched ling reasons why an increase in production light guide plates. Evonik produces lenses Mediterranean region. capacity will begin in 2011, raising made of silica glass in Taipei, also in a In order to expand its research and production to 50,000 metric tons a year. German-Taiwanese joint venture. The development activities in the lighting and All in all, it’s easy to understand why the partnership is based on a technology electronics industry, Evonik has also Evonik Industries employees in Taiwan, developed by Evonik in Italy: the SiVARA™ established the “Light & Electronics” about 200 in all, see no reason to hide sol-gel process, which makes it possible to Advanced Project House in Taiwan, which from their big neighbor mainland China produce tiny structures of cast glass. The will begin operations in April 2011. when it comes to business success.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

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Lead-Free Roofs DISPATCHES NETHERLANDS An environmentally sound alternative to lead flashing for roofs has New base Indonesia The long-successful been developed in the Netherlands with the help of Evonik Industries hydrogen peroxide producer PT Evonik Indonesia is to serve as the central marketing base for Evonik or centuries now, the art of roofing has The new material’s name is “Ubiflex.” It’s Industries’ full product portfolio in F been a hidden art, not least because few 100 percent lead-free but can still be Indonesia. In order to ensure greater construction clients are brave enough to shaped, hammered, and affixed with adhe- proximity to this fast-growing market, climb up onto a roof and inspect the work sive, just like the conventional lead sheet- Evonik has decided to make the being done there. That’s why so many roofing used by roofers. company its main Group location in ers are their own bosses. Ubiflex is based on a bitumen sheeting what is the largest of the Southeast This is said to be the origin of the Ger- modified with the Evonik product VESTO- Asian island states. man saying “Just do it like a roofer would!” PLAST and combined with a malleable alu- Thanks to a new building material, how- minum substrate. Smooth running ever, one very old tradition of roofing is South Korea Hankook Tire, the about to come to an end. And that’s very Light and environmentally sound world’s seventh-largest tire good news: Lead, long used as flashing to Not only does production of the flashing manufacturer, has signed a four-year prevent water from penetrating seams, for material place much less of a burden on the contract for the supply of highly example where chimneys join roofs, is at environment; the rolls of sheeting are dispersible silica from Evonik long last being replaced by a new product 70 percent lighter than the conventional Industries. This will help to advance with many more capabilities than the products and can be processed over a much the use of silica in combination shaped sheets of metal that have tradition- longer period of time. with silane for production of the ally been used for this purpose. And that’s not all: Use of the new latest low rolling-resistance tires. In partnership with two Dutch compa- flashing will help to lengthen the life of Sales of silica are set to double over nies—Bitufa Waterproofing B.V. of Wapen- other roofing materials such as aluminum, the term of the supply contract. veld and Doesburg-based Ubbink B.V.— copper, and zinc used in guttering and Evonik Industries AG has now developed an drainpipes. At present, all of these metals Tested partnership environmentally friendly and non-toxic are attacked by lead that is dissolved in China Jushi Group, China’s largest material. rainwater running off the roof. fiberglass manufacturer, has signed a long-term contract for the supply of DYNASYLAN from the Inorganic Materials Business Unit of Evonik Industries. And given that Jushi Group presented Evonik with its “Supplier of Excellence Award” last year, this new order further reinforces what is an already strong partnership in this important growth market.

Roadshow Brazil Alongside 200 or more exhibitors from 20 countries, Evonik Industries showcased solutions for improved transport infrastructure at the TranspoQuip trade fair in São Paulo. The need for such solutions is a major concern in Brazil, where economic development is being hampered by the country’s aging road and transport network. DEGAROUTE,

PHOTOGRAPHY: PR PHOTOGRAPHY: Evonik’s cold-plastic resin for Lead-free fl ashing: Ubifl ex, a bitumen sheeting modifi ed with the Evonik product VESTOPLAST, producing high-quality road combines a variety of good properties—it’s lightweight, malleable, and environmentally friendly markings, attracted a lot of interest.

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

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You can order further information about the products from Evonik free of charge by using the attached postcard—or simply look in the Internet at www.evonik.com

At a Glance Here you will ﬁ nd all the developments and products from Evonik Industries AG that are referred to in this issue, sorted according to the articles in which they are mentioned

Animal feed ingredients such as DL-methionine are a key to sustainability

Traveling with the Wind, page 7, Doing the Right Thing, page 42 Lead-Free Roofs, page 58 Airborne Anniversary, page 53, and DL-methionine is an essential amino acid that VESTOPLAST® is a product line that encompasses Giving China Wings, page 56 is used in animal nutrition as an animal feed additive. 17 individual products. They are primarily used ROHACELL® is the name of the finely porous hard Amino acids are vital for life, because they are the in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants, and are foam made from polymethacrylimide (PMI) which building blocks of all proteins. tailored to meet an extremely wide range of physical Evonik Industries AG supplies for the production Application: Animal feed additive requirements. Thanks to their special properties, of high-quality lightweight composite components. Link: http://feed-additives.evonik.com they are also frequently used in hot-melt adhesive The material, which is both very reliable and very applications. Biolys® supplies the essential amino acid L-lysine. It light, is used for lightweight sandwich structures Application: Adhesives is manufactured using fermentation and also contains in automobile and aircraft manufacturing in particular, Link: www.vestoplast.com valuable byproducts from the fermentation process. but also in railroad applications, in medical technol- Evonik is the only company in the world that supplies ogy, and in sporting equipment. Tested Partnership, page 58 all four important amino acids for animal feed from Application: Lightweight construction and insulation a single source: DL-methionine, L-lysine, L-threonine, Dynasylan® is the brand name under which Evonik Link: www.rohacell.com and L-tryptophane. Industries supplies various families of silane products. Lithium-ion batteries and SEPARION® from Application: Animal feed additive The chemical structure of the silanes enables a link- Li-Tec The Wind Explorer incorporates four battery Link: www.biolys.com age between organic and inorganic molecules. Thanks blocks, each with 14 cells and with a total capacity to these special structures, silanes are vital for a wide of eight kilowatt hours. Although the battery is a Island Powerhouse, page 57 range of markets and applications—from adhesives to special order, it utilizes the same patented separator pharmaceuticals. PLEXIGLAS® is the name for polymethylmethacry- technology that protects the series-production battery Applications: Coatings, adhesives and sealants, late (PMMA). The brand name has long passed types from overheating. The ceramic-coated mem- plastics, glass fibers, and pharmaceuticals into general use as a term for the transparent plastic. brane used by this technology bears the brand name Link: http://www.dynasylan.com Because it is superior to conventional glass with SEPARION. respect to its toughness, transparency, and weight, it Roadshow, page 58 Link: http://nano.evonik.com/sites/nan- has been widely used in everyday applications otechnology/en/technology/applications/ for more than 75 years. DEGAROUTE® is the name of the wide range of separion Applications: Displays, glazing, optics, solar energy cold-plastic resins supplied by Evonik Industries systems, and more. worldwide for the manufacture of long-lived and en- The Search for Eternal Life, page 21 Link: www.plexiglas.de/en vironmentally friendly road-marking compounds. The polymer EUDRAGIT® is used to release They are used on roads, bicycle paths, and footpaths, ULTRASIL® is the designation for a series of a controlled amount of nicotine over a specified time and as area markings in stadiums and on industrial precipitated silica products which Evonik Industries period. It serves as a matrix in which the active sites. The resins are primarily characterized by their supplies especially for the production of high-perfor- ingredient is embedded and ensures that the nicotine versatility and ease of handling, and can be processed mance tires. These rubber silicas increase the grip in the plaster is released at a constant rate over a using locally available fillers and additives. of modern tires while also reducing the rolling period of 16 or 24 hours. Application: Marking compounds resistance. The result is fuel-saving tires that are also Application: Nicotine plasters Link: http://www.degaroute.com safe in wet weather.

PHOTOGRAPHY: SHUTTERSTOCK PHOTOGRAPHY: Link: www.eudragit.com Application: Tire industry Link: http://ultrasil.evonik.com

Evonik Magazine 1 | 2011

59_Evonik_01-11_EN E_59 11.03.11 19:10 www.evonik.com

Our nominee for the Academy Award for "Best Picture".

We’re behind BVB all the way.

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