DOCSLIB.ORG

Inertial Confinement Fusion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Inertial Confinement Fusion UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Convective heating analysis of an IFE target in a high temperature, low Reynolds number xenon environment Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25x6g578 Author Holdener, Dain Steffen Publication Date 2011 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Convective Heating Analysis of an IFE Target in a High Temperature, Low Reynolds Number Xenon Environment A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Sciences (Mechanical Engineering) by Dain Steffen Holdener Committee in charge: Professor Mark Tillack, Chair Professor Yousef Bahadori Professor Farrokh Najmabadi Professor George Tynan 2011 Copyright Dain Steffen Holdener, 2011 All rights reserved. The Thesis of Dain Steffen Holdener is approved and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2011 iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my friends and loved ones who have supported me throughout my academic studies. To my parents, who instilled in me the value of hard work, honesty and integrity, I will forever be grateful. Above all, I would like to dedicate this work to Christ, my rock and Savior. I pray that You continue to bless me in my life and career so that I can continue to honor Your name. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ................................................................................................................. iii Dedication........................................................................................................................ iv Table of Contents............................................................................................................. v List of Figures.................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables ................................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................... xi Abstract............................................................................................................................ xiii Chapter 1: Introduction.................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Inertial Confinement Fusion .......................................................................... 6 2.1: Fusion Basics...................................................................................................... 6 2.2: Inertial Confinement Fusion............................................................................... 8 2.3: The National Ignition Facility and the National Ignition Campaign.................. 8 2.4: The Laser Inertial Fusion Energy (LIFE) Engine............................................... 11 2.5: Previous Work .................................................................................................... 13 References.................................................................................................................. 16 Chapter 3: Modeling Techniques..................................................................................... 19 3.1: Flow Description and Modeling Challenges ...................................................... 19 3.2: Requirements for a Molecular Description......................................................... 22 3.3: Literature Review of Applicable Heating Correlations ...................................... 24 3.4: Direct Simulation Monte Carlo and DS2V......................................................... 32 3.5: Computational Fluid Dynamics, ANSYS and COMSOL .................................. 37 References.................................................................................................................. 45 Chapter 4: Results and Evaluation................................................................................... 47 4.1: Heat Transfer Correlations.................................................................................. 47 4.2: Convective Heating of LIFE Targets.................................................................. 54 4.2.1: Flow Field Profiles..................................................................................... 54 4.2.2: Flow Properties along Stagnation Line...................................................... 61 4.2.3: Local Heat Flux along Hohlraum Bodies.................................................. 67 4.2.4: Local Heat Transfer Coefficients as a Function of Wall Temperature ............................................................................................. 70 4.2.5: Hohlraum Shaping..................................................................................... 74 4.2.6: Accuracy Discussion of DS2V and ANSYS Results ................................ 75 4.3: Transient Thermo Mechanical Behavior of Target............................................. 77 v 4.3.1: Developing Helium Flow Field Internal to Target .................................... 77 4.3.2: Adiabatic/Insulated LEH Window Heating............................................... 79 4.3.3: LEH Window Heating with Insulated Walls and Internal Spinning Hohlraum ................................................................................................. 82 References .................................................................................................................. 91 Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................. 93 Appendix A: Xenon Transport Properties ....................................................................... 97 A.1: Xenon Phase Diagram........................................................................................ 97 A.2: Estimated Transport Properties from the Lennard-Jones Potential ................... 99 A.3: Ionization Using the Saha Equation...................................................................103 References..................................................................................................................108 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Lawson Criterion Bounds for DT and DD Fusion ........................................ 7 Figure 2.2: Cutaway of the National Ignition Facility, NIF ............................................ 9 Figure 2.3: Implosion Symmetry of NIF Target.............................................................. 10 Figure 2.4: Hohlraum Schematics; Old NIF-like Left, New LIFE.2 Hohlraum Right ...................................................................................................... 13 Figure 3.1: The Knudsen Number Limits on the Mathematic Models............................ 23 Figure 3.2: DS2V Domain Schematic ............................................................................. 34 Figure 3.3: ANSYS Domain Schematic .......................................................................... 39 Figure 3.4: COMSOL Domain Schematic....................................................................... 42 Figure 4.1: Heat Transfer Scaling vs. Wall Temperature ................................................ 52 Figure 4.2: Heat Transfer Scaling vs. Chamber Gas Temperature.................................. 53 Figure 4.3.a: Old TFC, Temperature Flow Field; Normalized: 150-1108 K................... 55 Figure 4.3.b: Old TFC, Velocity Flow Field; Normalized: 0-238 m/s ............................ 56 Figure 4.3.c: Old TFC, Pressure Flow Field; Normalized: 134-381 Pa .......................... 56 Figure 4.4.a: New TFC, Temperature Flow Field; T w = 2000 K, Normalized 2000-8137 K ....................................................................................... 58 Figure 4.4.b: New TFC, Velocity Flow Field; T w = 2000 K, Normalized: 0-275 m/s ........................................................................................... 58 Figure 4.4.c: New TFC, Pressure Flow Field; T w = 2000 K, Normalized: 2049-3264 Pa..................................................................................... 59 Figure 4.5.a: Old TFC, Temperature along Stagnation Line ........................................... 61 Figure 4.5.b: Old TFC, Velocity along Stagnation Line.................................................. 62 Figure 4.5.c: Old TFC, Pressure along Stagnation Line.................................................. 62 Figure 4.5.d: Old TFC, Density along Stagnation Line................................................... 62 vii Figure 4.6.a: New TFC, Temperature along Stagnation Line; T w = 2000 K................... 63 Figure 4.6.b: New TFC, Velocity along Stagnation Line; T w = 2000 K ......................... 63 Figure 4.6.c: New TFC, Pressure along Stagnation Line; T w = 2000 K.......................... 63 Figure 4.6.d: New TFC, Density along Stagnation Line; T w = 2000 K........................... 64 Figure 4.7: Old TFC, Local Knudsen Number along Stagnation Line............................ 66 Figure 4.8: Old TFC, Heat Flux along Spherical Target; T ref = 1000 K, Tw = 150 K.............................................................................................................. 67 Figure 4.9: Old TFC, Heat Flux along NIF-like Hohlraum; T ref = 1000 K, Tw = 150 K.............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report for Continued Operation of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Labo
    Environmental Impact Statement and Environmental Impact Report for Continued Operation of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Labo... APPENDIX A DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR PROGRAMS AND FACILITIES Appendix A describes the programs, infrastructures, facilities, and future plans of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and the Sandia National Laboratories at Livermore (SNL, Livermore). It provides information on existing activities and facilities, as well as information on those activities anticipated to occur or facilities to be constructed over the next 5 to 10 years. The purpose of this appendix is to: present information that can be used to evaluate the proposed action and other EIS/EIR alternatives, identify activities that are part of the proposed action, distinguish proposed action activities from no action alternative activities, and provide supporting documentation for less detailed descriptions of these activities or facilities found in other sections and appendices of the EIS/EIR. Figure A-1 illustrates how this appendix interfaces with other sections and appendices of this EIS/EIR. Most LLNL and all SNL, Livermore operations are located at sites near Livermore, California. LLNL also operates LLNL Site 300 near Tracy, California, and conducts limited activities at several leased properties near the LLNL Livermore site, as well as in leased offices in Los Angeles, California, and Germantown, Maryland. Figure A-2 and Figure A-3 show the regional location of the LLNL Livermore site, LLNL Site 300, and SNL, Livermore and their location with respect to the cities of Livermore and Tracy. While they are distinct operations managed and operated by different contractors, for purposes of this document LLNL Livermore and SNL, Livermore sites are addressed together because of their proximity.
    [Show full text]
  • Preprint , Lawrence Ijvermore Laboratory
    / UCRL - 76z1° Rev 1 Thin is n preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made PREPRINT , before publication, this preprint is made Available with the understanding that it wiii not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author. is LAWRENCE IJVERMORE LABORATORY Universityat' CaMornm/Livermore.Catifornia LASER PLASMA EXPERIMENTS RELEVANT TO LASER PRODUCED IMPLOSIONS H. G. Ahlstrom, J. F. Holzrichter, K. R. Manes, L. W. Colenan, D. R. Speck, R. A. Haas, and H. D. Shay November 7, 1974 - NOTICE - This repori was prepared as an account of wink sponsored by the United Slates Gimtrnmem. Scithct the United Slates nor the United Stales Energy Research and Development Administration, nor any of their employees, nor any <if their contractors, subcontractors, or Iheir employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any lepal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents thjl its use would not infringe privately owned rights. This Paper Was Prepared For Submission To The Fifth Conference On Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research Tokyo, Japan - November 11-15, 1974 L/\vy. PU-VA rvPFn.nr';T? RELLVA;:T "TO LASH "POr,fT[|-, nPLDSlOIC* s II. '?. Ahlstroni, J. P. Hol.-ri enter, K. Mgnes. L. W. Col"man, "•. P. Speck, P. A. Haas, and H. ">. Shay i.r.-.rertce l.iven-ore Laboratory, t'niversity o*7 "aliforn Livermot?, California <»<I55'J November 7. 1974 ABSTPACT Preliminary lasor taraet interaction studies desinned to nrr ide co;l« normalization data in a reoine of interest to Ifiser fusion a- nyortP-1.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Ray Thomson Scattering in High Energy Density Plasmas
    REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS, VOLUME 81, OCTOBER–DECEMBER 2009 X-ray Thomson scattering in high energy density plasmas Siegfried H. Glenzer L-399, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA Ronald Redmer Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany ͑Published 1 December 2009͒ Accurate x-ray scattering techniques to measure the physical properties of dense plasmas have been developed for applications in high energy density physics. This class of experiments produces short-lived hot dense states of matter with electron densities in the range of solid density and higher where powerful penetrating x-ray sources have become available for probing. Experiments have employed laser-based x-ray sources that provide sufficient photon numbers in narrow bandwidth spectral lines, allowing spectrally resolved x-ray scattering measurements from these plasmas. The backscattering spectrum accesses the noncollective Compton scattering regime which provides accurate diagnostic information on the temperature, density, and ionization state. The forward scattering spectrum has been shown to measure the collective plasmon oscillations. Besides extracting the standard plasma parameters, density and temperature, forward scattering yields new observables such as a direct measure of collisions and quantum effects. Dense matter theory relates scattering spectra with the dielectric function and structure factors that determine the physical properties of matter. Applications to radiation-heated and shock-compressed matter have demonstrated accurate measurements of compression and heating with up to picosecond temporal resolution. The ongoing development of suitable x-ray sources and facilities will enable experiments in a wide range of research areas including inertial confinement fusion, radiation hydrodynamics, material science, or laboratory astrophysics.
    [Show full text]
  • Production Scientifique 2004-2007
    Production scientifique 2004-2007 Articles parus dans des revues internationales ou nationales avec comité de lecture 2004 • H. Bandulet, C. Labaune, K. Lewis and S. Depierreux, Thomson scattering study of the subharmonic decay of ion-acoustic waves driven by the Brillouin instability, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 035002 (2004) • S. Bastiani-Ceccotti, P. Audebert, V. Nagels-Silvert, J.P. Geindre, J.C. Gauthier, J.C. Adam, A. Héron and C. Chenais- Popovics, Time-resolved analysis of the x-ray emission of femtosecond-laser-produced plasmas in the 1.5-keV range, Appl. Phys. B 78, 905 (2004) • D. Batani, F. Strati, H. Stabile, M. Tomasini, G. Lucchini, A. Ravasio, M. Koenig, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, H. Nishimura, Y. Ochi, J. Ullschmied, J. Skala, B. Kralikova, M. Pfeifer, C. Kadlec, T. Mocek, A. Prag, T. Hall, P. Milani, E. Barborini and P. Piseri, Hugoniot data for carbon at megabar pressures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 065503 (2004) • A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, M. Koenig, G. Huse, B. Faral, N. Grandjouan, D. Batani, E. Henry, M. Tomasini, T. Hall and F. Guyot, Generation of a double shock driven by laser, Phys. Rev. E 70, 045401 (2004) • S. Bouquet, C. Stehlé, M. Koenig, J.P. Chièze, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, D. Batani, S. Leygnac, X. Fleury, H. Merdji, C. Michaut, F. Thais, N. Grandjouan, T. Hall, E. Henry, V. Malka and J.P. Lafon, Observations of laser driven supercritical radiative shock precursors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 225001 (2004) • P. Celliers, G. Collins, D. Hicks, M. Koenig, E. Henry, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, D. Batani, D. Bradley, L. Da Silva, R.
    [Show full text]
  • Alice E. Koniges Center for Beam Physics Seminar February 14, 2014
    Multimaterial Multiphysics Modeling of Complex Experimental Configurations Alice E. Koniges Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Center for Beam Physics Seminar February 14, 2014 Acknowledgements • LLNL: ALE-AMR Development and NIF Modeling – Robert Anderson, David Eder, Aaron Fisher, Nathan Masters • UCLA: Surface Tension – Andrea Bertozzi • UCSD: Fragmentation – David Benson • LBL/LLNL: NDCX-II and Surface Tension – John Barnard, Alex Friedman, Wangyi Liu • LBL/LLNL: PIC – Tony Drummond, David Grote, Robert Preissl, Jean-Luc Vay • Indiana University and LSU: Asynchronous Computations – Hartmut Kaiser, Thomas Sterling Outline • Modeling for a range of experimental facilities • Summary of multiphysics code ALE-AMR – ALE - Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian – AMR - Adaptive Mesh Refinement • New surface tension model in ALE-AMR • Sample of modeling capabilities – EUV Lithography – NDCX-II – National Ignition Facility • New directions: exascale and more multiphysics – Coupling fluid with PIC – PIC challenges for exascale – Coupling to meso/micro scale Multiphysics simulation code, ALE-AMR, is used to model experiments at a large range of facilities Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX-II) CYMER EUV Lithography System NIF LMJ National Ignition Facility (NIF) - USA Laser Mega Joule (LMJ) - France NDCX-II facility at LBNL accelerates Li ions for warm dense matter experiments TARGET # FOIL" ION BEAM " BUNCH" VOLUMETRIC DEPOSITION" ! The Cymer extreme UV lithography experiment uses laser heated molten metal droplets Tin Droplets •! Technique uses a prepulse to flatten droplet prior to main pulse CO2 Laser Wafer •! Modeling critical to optimize process •! Surface tension affect droplet dynamics Multilayer Mirror Density 7.0 t = 150 ns t = 350 ns t = 550 ns 60 3.5 30 0.0 z (microns) CO2 Laser 0 -30 0 30 -30 0 30 -30 0 30 x (microns) x (microns) x (microns) Large laser facilities, e.g., NIF and LMJ, require modeling to protect optics and diagnostics 1.1 mm The entire target, e.
    [Show full text]
  • James Clerk Maxwell Prize for Plasma Physics Salt
    Salt Lake City, Utah A Division of The American Physical Society November 14-18, 2011 James Clerk Maxwell Prize He is the recipient of a number of stationed at CERN full-time since 2001. Fajans has been a Miller Fellow at for Plasma Physics important prizes and awards including He is a founding member of the ATHENA Berkeley, a National Science Foundation the Patten Prize, Bavarian Innovation antihydrogen collaboration and was the Presidential Young Investigator, and "For Pioneering, and seminal contributions Prize, Wissenschaftpreis of the German Physics Coordinator of the experiment that an Office of Naval Research Young to, the field of dusty plasmas, including “Stifterverband”, ERC research grant, produced the first cold antihydrogen atoms Investigator. He is a fellow of the work leading to the discovery of Gagarin Medal, Ziolkowski Medal, NASA at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator in American Physical Society, and served on plasma crystals, to an explanation for achievement awards, URGO Foundation 2002. He is the founder and Spokesperson the Executive Committee of the Division of the complicated structure of Saturn's for Advances in Dermatology Award of the ALPHA collaboration, which Plasma Physics. rings, and to microgravity dusty plasma (plasma treatment of chronic wounds). demonstrated trapping of antihydrogen experiments conducted first on parabolic- atoms in 2010 (the work which is being trajectory flights and then on the honored here). Hangst was elected to Mike Charlton International Space Station." Salt Lake Fun Facts: fellowship of the APS, Division of Plasma Swansea University, United Kingdom Gregor Morfill The people of Salt Lake City consume Physics, in 2005. Max-Planck Institute für more Jell-O per capita than any other city Mike Charlton Extraterrestrische Physik in the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontiers in Plasma Physics Research: a Fifty-Year Perspective from 1958 to 2008-Ronald C
    • At the Forefront of Plasma Physics Publishing for 50 Years - with the launch of Physics of Fluids in 1958, AlP has been publishing ar In« the finest research in plasma physics. By the early 1980s it had St t 5 become apparent that with the total number of plasma physics­ related articles published in the journal- afigure then approaching 5,000 - asecond editor would be needed to oversee contributions in this field. And indeed in 1982 Fred L. Ribe and Andreas Acrivos were tapped to replace the retiring Fran~ois Frenkiel, Physics of Fluids' founding editor. Dr. Ribe assumed the role of editor for the plasma physics component of the journal and Dr. Acrivos took on the fluid Editor Ronald C. Davidson dynamics papers. This was the beginning of an evolution that would see Physics of Fluids Resident Associate Editor split into Physics of Fluids A and B in 1989, and culminate in the launch of Physics of Stewart J. Zweben Plasmas in 1994. Assistant Editor Sandra L. Schmidt Today, Physics of Plasmas continues to deliver forefront research of the very Assistant to the Editor highest quality, with a breadth of coverage no other international journal can match. Pick Laura F. Wright up any issue and you'll discover authoritative coverage in areas including solar flares, thin Board of Associate Editors, 2008 film growth, magnetically and inertially confined plasmas, and so many more. Roderick W. Boswell, Australian National University Now, to commemorate the publication of some of the most authoritative and Jack W. Connor, Culham Laboratory Michael P. Desjarlais, Sandia National groundbreaking papers in plasma physics over the past 50 years, AlP has put together Laboratory this booklet listing many of these noteworthy articles.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Ray Polarization Measurements at Relativistic Laser Intensities
    JP0455074 X-ray Polarization Measurements at Relativistic Laser Intensities P. Beiersdorfer', R. Shepherd', R. C. Mancini', H. Chen', J. Dunn', R. Keenan', J. Kuba', P. K. Patel' Y. Ping', D. F. Price', K. Widmann' 'Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, LiveT7nore, CA 94550, USA 2 UniVerSity of Nevada, Reno, NV 8955 7, USA An effort has been started to measure the short pulse laser absorptio ad energy partitio at relativistic laser intensities tip to 1021 W/CM2. Plasma polarization spectroscopy is expected to play an iportant role i determining fast electron generation and measuring the electron distribution function. 1. INTRODUCTION Plasma polarization spectroscopy (PPS) has been eployed to verify and study the existence of non-thermal, fast electrons in laser-plasma iteraction since te first experiments by Kieffer et al. 131. The lasers intensity i these measurements as been in the range 10 4 - 1016 W/CM2. Measurements of laser absorption at igher intensities < 1018 W/cm 2 have been made 4 but without employing x-ray polarimetry Teoretical studies of fast-electron generation and teir effect o te x-ray linear polarization have been made 561, which considered laser itensities as hig as 10111 W/CM2. Here we describe a planned effort to se PPS as a diagnostic for determining fast electron generation and eergy partition of short pulse lasers interacting with matter at relativistic laser itensities up to 1021 W/Cm2. 11. PHYSICS LASERS AT LLNL The Physics and Advanced Technologies Directorate at the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory operates four powerful ultipurpose laser facilities used for experiments in igh-energy density physics, x-ray laser development, and material science.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of the National Research Council Study an Assessment Of
    National Research Council Assessment --ProspectsProspects for Inertial Fusion Energy Status of the Study “An Assessment of the Prospects for Inertial Fusion Energy” Ronald C. Davidson and Gerald L. Kulcinski, Co-Chairs Prepared for the 2012 International Symposium on Heavy Ion Fusion August 13, 2012 A Broad Study – Concepts and Technical Challenges for Inertial Fusion Energy ` Driver ` Chamber ` Lasers, heavy ions, pulsed ` Tritium handling. power, other approaches, --- . ` Capsule injection and ` Requires high repetition rates manufacturing. and heat handling capabilities. ` Significant neutron ` Ignition bombardment. ` Hot spot versus fast ignition. ` WllWall ma teri ilals an ddd des ign. ` Indirect versus direct drive. ` Implementation ` Understand underlying high ` Environment and safety. energy density (HED) physical ` Cost competitiveness. processes. ` Public acceptance. 2 Statement of Task (for the Committee) ` The Committee will prepare a Report that: ` Assesses the prospects for generating power using Inertial Confinement Fusion; ` Identifies the scientific and engineering challenges, cost targets, and R&D objectives associated with developing an Inertial Fusion Energy demonstration plant; and ` Advises the U.S. Department of Energy on the preparation of an R&D roadmap aimed at developing the conceptual design of an Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) demonstration plant. ` The Committee will also prepare an interim report to inform future year planning by the federal government. 3 Statement of Task (for the Target Panel) ` Target Physics Panel ` Requires access to classified target physics information. ` Will inform the Main Committee on the relevant target physics issues. ` The major task activity for the Target Physics Panel is to: Assess the current performance of various fusion target technologies. Describe the R&D challenges to providing suitable targets on the basis of parameters estblihdtablished and provid iddbthCed by the Committ ee.
    [Show full text]
  • Signature Redacted %
    EXAMINATION OF THE UNITED STATES DOMESTIC FUSION PROGRAM ARCHW.$ By MASS ACHUSETTS INSTITUTE Lauren A. Merriman I OF IECHNOLOLGY MAY U6 2015 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING I LIBR ARIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY FEBRUARY 2015 Lauren A. Merriman. All Rights Reserved. - The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly Paper and electronic copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author:_ Signature redacted %. Lauren A. Merriman Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering May 22, 2014 Signature redacted Certified by:. Dennis Whyte Professor of Nuclear Science and Engineering I'l f 'A Thesis Supervisor Signature redacted Accepted by: Richard K. Lester Professor and Head of the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering 1 EXAMINATION OF THE UNITED STATES DOMESTIC FUSION PROGRAM By Lauren A. Merriman Submitted to the Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering on May 22, 2014 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nuclear Science and Engineering ABSTRACT Fusion has been "forty years away", that is, forty years to implementation, ever since the idea of harnessing energy from a fusion reactor was conceived in the 1950s. In reality, however, it has yet to become a viable energy source. Fusion's promise and failure are both investigated by reviewing the history of the United States domestic fusion program and comparing technological forecasting by fusion scientists, fusion program budget plans, and fusion program budget history.
    [Show full text]
  • Plasma Physics: an Introduction to Laboratory, Space, and Fusion Plasmas
    Plasma Physics Alexander Piel Plasma Physics An Introduction to Laboratory, Space, and Fusion Plasmas 123 Prof. Dr. Alexander Piel Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Germany [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-10490-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-10491-6 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-10491-6 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010926920 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Girona/Spain Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) To Hannemarie, Christoph and Johannes Preface This book is an outgrowth of courses in plasma physics which I have taught at Kiel University for many years. During this time I have tried to convince my students that plasmas as different as gas dicharges, fusion plasmas and space plasmas can be described in a unified way by simple models.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Plasmas
    PSFC/JA-20-4 Nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) plasmas J. A. Frenje January 2020 Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA The work described herein was supported in part by US DOE (Grant No. DE-FG03-03SF22691), LLE (subcontract Grant No. 412160-001G) and the Center for Advanced Nuclear Diagnostics (Grant No. DE-NA0003868). Reproduction, translation, publication, use and disposal, in whole or in part, by or for the United States government is permitted. Submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion Nuclear Diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) Plasmas J.A. Frenje1 1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Email: [email protected] The field of nuclear diagnostics for Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) is broadly reviewed from its beginning in the seventies to present day. During this time, the sophistication of the ICF facilities and the suite of nuclear diagnostics have substantially evolved, generally a consequence of the efforts and experience gained on previous facilities. As the fusion yields have increased several orders of magnitude during these years, the quality of the nuclear-fusion-product measurements has improved significantly, facilitating an increased level of understanding about the physics governing the nuclear phase of an ICF implosion. The field of ICF has now entered an era where the fusion yields are high enough for nuclear measurements to provide spatial, temporal and spectral information, which have proven indispensable to understanding the performance of an ICF implosion. At the same time, the requirements on the nuclear diagnostics have also become more stringent.
    [Show full text]