. ~ /. DESCRIPTION L . - ...... - _-..-----I-. - .. I I-.. - (Cf,erk O,,c) 1.1 Excellen< Good [ j Fuir (2 Detcrioinfrd Lj Ruins Ll Ur~srpvrcd ~ .- - CONDii,ON ~ - (Cl,?~k0nl.J (Chuck CInrJ Ks Altered L-.] UnaIte~ed Xn ~o~ed

~ ~ .------~ ~ ~ ~~~ I DESCRIBE TIIEI PRFIENr AND OPiGINAL (if known) I'HYSICnL APPEARANCE The Jamcstown Exposition buildings are located between Sewells Point and Willoughby Bay, overlr~oki-ngHamptoil Iloads. The Exposition's site was selected because it was then equidistant from Norfolk, Portsmouth, Newport News, and Ilampton, but since that time, it has been incorporated into the city of Norfolk. The U. S. Navy acquired the buildings and surrounding land in 1917 and the entire area is now included in the U. S. Naval Base.

As originally laid out, the Exposition grounds included twenty-one state buildings arranged in two equal-size rows separated by five blocks oE grounds. Both rows faced north out over Hampton Roads. Located between the two groups and set back three blocks were the History Building, the Audito- rium and its two detached wings. The Auditorium burned in 1941 and'was replaced by Building N-26, Headquarters of the Fifth Naval District. The wings were not damaged and are now Administration Buildings N-21 and N-23.

Cn Of the surviving state buildings, the following remain on their original rn sites: Georgia, Naryland, PIissouri, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, rn Virginia, and West Virginia, as well as the Baker's Chocolate Company House. The state buildings that burned or were destroyed since the Exposition are - those o:f Kentucky (a replica of "Boone's Fort"), Louisiana (a Southern style plantation house), Massachusetts (a replica of the Old State House, Boston), New Jersey (a Georgian Revival mansion), and New YorIc (a large Neo-Classical -4 building with porticos and shallow central dome). The remaining state buildings of the eastern group were moved to the western complex in 1934 ;O when the Naval Base required land for new construction. The Delaxuare, Con- C necticut, New Hampshire, i\Iichigan, North Carolina, Rhode Island, and Vermont n buildings are now aligned along what is now Dillingha~nBoulevard with the -4 western group. The Illinois Building was relocated next to the North nalcota - Building on Powhatan Avenue, facing south. 0 All of thc rnnaining buildings have becn added to or modified over the years some morc than others; but most retain their basic architectural integrity. They all are excellently maintained in a handsome residential atmosphere with spacious yards tastefully lands~aprdwith trees and shrubbery. All arc now used as officers' residences except for the Pennsylvania Building which is now the Naval Base Officers' Club.

1 The following arc brief descriptions of each of the remaining original Espo- buildings:

I Connecticut -Buiu: Erame, three bays with one-bay wings, 2'5 stories with shed dormers, two-story porticos on wings (since encloserl); modeled after th Tallmadgc 130~1s~in LitchfieLd, Cor~necticut;moved.

2': t DC.la:#are i;uild.ing: frarrie, five bays, stories, gable roof with dormers, one-story front porch; an examplc of a "Colonial llon~esteod"; ~noved.

Ccorg ia Buildins: irane, thrc~,bays, two stories , ~1.111pleiorm iui th pro- jecting tetr?~styl.cRoman Doric portico; modclcd after tlie i:osruell, 'Gc?orsia birtl~placeoT blarll~c~l3ullu~11, mother of 'CI~coilore I

~ ~-~ - ~ -. ~~.. .. --~~. ~~ - . ..~ ,. 2. !,iGbIIFICANCE .___..__.._I__ Orlc or ,Viorr n:i Alipruprinlr! C1 ~~~-C~l~~~bi~~!171 I6vh C.3,turv j I 18th gk2Oth Ccnforr [:I _[:I 15th Century 1.1 11th Cuntury -_ '1 I7:h Corlfury SPEC) FIC DATE151 (I1 A~prlicahle~-llnd Knoirn, ------ai25as oi si~rr$ilcnricc(Chsck One or .More sr ApproprinteJ Aboriginal 111 Educatim 1.3 F~litic~l C1 Urbm Planning L1 Prehi=toric C1 Engirlc~~ilp [_? Religion/Phi. ok-. (sP~c~I,.~ LX H~S~O~~C 0 Iljdo.try lorophy History 0 Ayriculrura Invention El Scirnce Xjl ~~chitect~re L1 Landscope Sculpture C1 Art Archi!ccfurs Soc~ol/Humon- 0 Commerce a Llteralure itorion U Communicalionr [,) Militor, 0 Thcoter - 0 CO~.~,V.~~O~ ~1MUS~Z n ~~~~~~~~t~:i~~-

OF 51CNIFiC&NCE The ninctecn remaining buildings of the 1907 Jamestown Exposition iolm a rare surviving collection of Edwardian exposition pavilions. The. varied architectural modes of the structures are an excellent document reflecting vl the price and taste of those states participating in the Exposition. The z complex also is a significant early example of historic preservation by 0 the united States Navy which imaginatively adapted the buildings for - officers' residences.

At the instigation of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Anti-quities and the Tidewater Commercial League, the General Assenbly of Virginia passed a bill in 1901 authorizing the Governor to proclaim that the tercentennial of the landing at Jamestown would be celebrated in 1907, This bill also invited various cities and sections of Virginia to show how and in what manner they proposed to hold this celebrati.on.

Norfolk's citizens prevailed upon the City Council to appoint a co~mittee from its members for the purpose of securing the event for the city. This was expanded into a much larger committee which convinced other interested Tidewater cities that only by the selection of one of its own number and with thz support of all would the Tidcwater area secure the celebration, It also convinced these cities that Norfolk, because of its location, was the logical c!loicc.

A bil.1 was presented to and eventually passed by the General Assembly granting a charter to the Jaqestown Exposition Company, which was to hold its exposition at a site adjacent to Hampton Roads in 1907. Among othcr items, thi. bill stated that this charter would be void unless the James- town Exposition Company had assets of one million dollars by January 1, 1904. This bill was signcd by tile Governor in March of 1902, giving the company almost two years in 1:hich to meet the requirements of the charter. Directors were choscn and General Fitzhugh Lee was elccted president.

Thc site (approximately 340 acres) chosen for the Expositioii viis cquidis- tant froin XorColk, Portsrno~ii-11,Newport New:; 211J ltaiilpton. Instead of I bc,ginning at oncc to sell stock, the comp:i:ly wai.tc~1tlnhil thc State Legis- lntur-e appropriated $200,090 in April, 1'103. With the exception OF the! stock subscribed to by the Directors, no ri3.11 efforts wcrc made to sec(Lrc tllc: money ri,qtiired tl~ofollo!.!i.~~:; January unti.1. six rnontl~s prior to the- time. On Ncw Yiiar 's Jkc, iii t11 1t:ss tl1a11 I.w~,nty--fo~~rI~our-s to go, there r.7ils still. ut~s~~l~i;~-t-i.bcdstocl;. 1:inally :111cl tlrr~:i~;~ticr~lly,just hetore laid- (see continuation shCxct 1/41 - - . ~ .~ ---- REFERENCES f 9. MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL -I Acquisition Records --Real Estate Division--Atlantic Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Norfolk, Va. Dickinson, Nancy C. (ed.) Postscripts--Jarnestown Exposition of 1907. Norfol Commandant Fifth Naval Station Library, 1957. (Revised 1965). Material in Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission archives compiled by Robert C. Beam, Natural Resources Staff Assistant, Atlantic Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Norfolk, Va.

DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING T

STATE: -CODE COUNTV: '2 -CODE

STATE: CODE COUNTY: COD. L

Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Staff n ORChNIZATION DATE -I Virginia Historic Landmarks Conrmission January 1975 - STREET AND NUMBER: 7 0

As the desig~tedState Lisis,m Officer for the Na- I hereby certify that this property b inclvded in the tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89665). I hereby nominate this property for inclusion Notional Register. in the National Register end certify that it has been evaluated accordinq to the c-iteria and procedurrs set forth by the National Park Servme. The recommended lever of significance of this nomination is: " National State DfX Local

Dste

ATTEST:

I Title Keeper of The Natimsl Rsgrstsr FEZ 1S 1975 Date bate

GPO 931.8s Form 10.300. UNITE0 STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Jvly 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES . . INVENTORY - HOMINATION FORM

ENSRINVMBER DATE (Continuation Sheet) i/l I (Numbor ell sntrlos) 2. LOCATION I On U. S. Naval Station; located on south side of Dillingham Boulevard: I Between Bacon Street and Dale Street: Delaware Building West Virginia Building Georgia Building Ohio Building Missouri Building

Between Dale Street and Farragut Avenue: Maryland Building Vixginia Building Pennsylvania Building

Between Farragut Avenue and Moffett Avenue: North ~arolina/RhodeIsland Building Connecticut Building Nerv Hampshire Building Michigan Building Vermont Building

Located on north side of powhatan Street between Dale Street and Farragut Avenue: I North Dakota Building Illinois Building Baker's Chocolate Company House

Located on south side of Pocahontas Street between Farra::ut Avenue and Eainbridge Avenue:

History Building Auditorium Wing (Building N-23) Auditorium Wing (Building N-21) Form 10.300a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE (July1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM - FOR NPS UINLY ENTRY NUUBFR DATE (Continuation Sheet) 112

(Number .I1 n",,Jss) 7. DESCRIPTION

Illinois Building: brick, seven bays, two stories, hipped roof with central pedimented pavilion, Ionic pilasters on pavilion and building corners; Geor- gian revival; moved.

Maryland Building: brick, seven bays with one-story wings, 1%stories, hipped roof with rounded dormers, pedimented tetrastyle Roman Doric portico; replica of flomewood, Baltimore, Maryland.

Michiean Building: frame, two bays, two stories, hipped roof with central dormer, one-story front porch; typical Michigan house of period; moved. I Missouri Kuilding: brick, five bays, two stories, gable roof, pedimented tetrastyle Roman Doric portico; Georgian Revival mansion. I -Nctv Hampshire Building: frame, five bays, 2% stories, hipped roof with scrolled pediment dormers; modeled after the John Langdon %use, Portsmouth, Nerv Hampshire; moved.

North Carolina Building: frame, five bays, two stories, hipped roof; moved and greatly altrred from its original appearance which included portico and porches. -North Dakota Building: frame, three bays, 1%stories, gable roof with single wide dormer, one-story undercut front porch; Bungaloid cottage. -Ohio Building: stone, three bays, two stories, hipped roof, one-story Greek Doric veranda; modeled after Adena, an Ohio mansion designed by Benjamin IIenry I.atrohe.

Pennsylvania Building: brick, nine bays, trio stories, ganbrel roof, one-story veranda with central porte-cochere, clock tower with cupola; replica of Inde- pendence Hall, Philadelphia.

Rhode Island Building: frame, seven bays, two stories, hipped roof; moved and greatly altered from its original appearance which reportedly was a replica of the state's iirst capitol.

-Vermont- -nuild~n~:-. frnn~e, three bays, I$ stories, gable roof with large single :;.~nibrcl-roof dormer, undercut Lront porch; rnodcl of typical rrsort cottage of tlic state; moverl.

Vir~iniaBuildins: brick, nine bays, 2% stories, hipped rout t\ritli dormers, two-story tetrastyle Corinthian portico; Gcorsian Rcvivdl mansion.

West Vir;;i.ni;l. Huil.rlin~: Frmoe, five bays, 2Ji stori.es, gable roof with dorn~ers I-pr~lin~rnt~~cl tef r;lsrylct Iloiilnn Doric portico; !:rorgi.an l'\c!vival mansi.on. (see continuation shcct-. ..A

GrO 921.721 Fo:m 10-3200 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEiilOR STATE !July 19691 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Virginia NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 7'OUNTV Norfolk (ci-ty) INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM - FOR NPS USE O5I.Y ENTRY HUMBER (Continuation Sheet) 1k3

(Number -11 anblos) 7. DESCRIPTION

Baker's Chocolate Company House: frame, five bays, two stories, gable roof; replica of typical Xew England Colonial dwelling,

History Building: stucco with brick quoins and other trim, t1.10 two-story pavilions connected by a long one-story center section; Georgian Revival; converted into a gymnasium.

Auditorium Wing (Building N-21): brick, eleven bays, two stories, flat roof, five-baj~central projecting pavilion with stone facade ornamented with Ionic engaged columns; Georgian Revival.

AuditoriumIJing- (Building N-23): architecturally similar to Building N-21.

CCL F-rrn IO.MOo LINITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR iJdll 1967) NATIONAL PAI?K SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM Norfolk (cj ty) - FOR NPS USE ONLY EnTRI UUUsER DATE (Continuation Sheet) #4 .- - I (Number all sntrlsa) 8. SIGNIFICANCE night, the million dollars necessary to secure the charter was assured. I Once the charter had been permanently secured, efforts were made to obtain a $3,000,000 appropriation from Congress, However, early opposition froro the Speaker of the House plus the Exposition Company's failure to start construc- tion or to offer concrete plans limited the first of the appropriations for the Exposition to $200,000. This sum was specifically designated for the international naval, marine and military celebration.

Thcn, in June 1906, just before adjournment, Congress attached a section to the Sundry Civil Appropriations Bill appropriating $200,000 for goirzrnment personnel expenses, $350,000 for the erection of buildings and $400,000 for the construction of a majestic, brilliantly lit pier (which is now the site of the Naval Station Fleet Boat Pool). Later, upon proof that it had expended $500,000 for tlie Tercentennial, the Exposition Company would receive an ad- ditional $250,000 from Congress.

While awaiting Congressional action, the Exposition Company sent invitstions to all of the states requesting participation in the Exposition, but only twenty-one erected buildings.

Thc states which participated appointed commissioners to see to the construc- tion of their buildings. The officials of the Exposition, desiring a confor- mity in architectural design, had agreed upon a Colonial theme. Ceremonies often took place whe~ithe cammissioners came to Norfolk to select the sites and lay the cornerstones for these buildings and again on the day the keys to the completed buildings were handed over by the contractors,

Elaborate social functions, at which the governor of the state was usually present, took place on the date the E.;>osition officials had designated as the state's "Day". As was the case with niany of the other buildings, few of the state buildings were completed on Opening Day. Procrastination was partially responsible, but the bad weather attending the Winter and Spr~ngof 1907 was largely the cause.

The Exposition was not a financial success, and the site was sold by special comnissioriers appoinLed by tlie judge of the United States District Court, The Fidelity Land and Investment Corporation purchased the property for $235,000 and later disposed of $100,000 of this invcstment.

Several of thc states sold tlicir buildinss to j.ndi.viduals; nppnrcnt1.y ti12 remainder was sold to the aforemc~ntionedcorporation. "hv- corporation in turn sold a few of the statc hni$ses to individuals and othdrs to a Norfol!; realty Ci.nn.

During tlic Exl~o:;it.ion1~1ei1 conncctild 1.ii.tli thr e11Lcrpri:;c ft~ltthat thc site was idcal Cor a Naval activity and discussed tiit> n1;ltti.r uith hi.i:li ranking -- (set- conti.nuati.on shr,?t

GPO Y2f-723 --, Forin 10-3000 UNITED STATES OEPARTMENi 0:: THE IHTERIOR STATE (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE : ,.. ., NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES 'OUNTY Norfolk (cit)) INVENTORY - NOMINATION FOSM --- FOR NPS U~E,ONLY - ENTRINUURhR (Continuation Sheet) !.5

(Number all sntrls.) 8, SIGNIFICANCE

Naval officers, who also favored the idea. A bill was introduced in Congress in 1908 for an appropriation of one million dollars for tile purchase of the property, including the buildings. The bill died in commitCee after the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, given the choice between this property and a new collier (a coal ship), replied that a new collier was an absolute neccssit

IJhen war broke out in 1914, Theodore 3, 1.7001, an official of the Fidelity Land and Investment Corporation, renewed his efforts to sell the site to the Navy but to no avail, In January 1917 the Secretary of the Navy, Josephus Daniels, still did not feel the need for the property. The United States entered TJo'rld War I on April 6, 1917. The next day Daniels called Mr. Wool regarding lease of the property. Captain (later Admiral) J. E, McLean, with rvhoin Plr. Wool conferred, persuaded the Secretary of the Navy to buy the property. Shortly after, a bill for the purchase of 474 acres of what is now thc Norfolk Naval Base passed both Houses. This bill was signed by President Wilson and became law on June 15, 1917.

Tll~government took possession of the property on June 28, 1917, ordering all civilians to vxate the area on or before August 1, 1917. The statr- building werc purchased from the owners. A board was appointed by the Navy to report 011 the valuation ol the lands and buildings. Their report includeci the state buildings, giving the owner, the assessed value, the asking price and the awarded value tor each,

In 1934 the state buildings whicL were at the eastern end of the Exposition grounds were moved west a few hundred yards from Old Chambers Field at the Naval Air Station. At that time money was available for repair and recon- struction but it literally took an Act of congress to appropriate money for a new building. To avoid the latter alternative, the Navy hired two con- tractors to move these buildings. One came fully equipped with all mac!iinery for such an ucdrrtaking. The other had 3 mule and a winch. It is said that the latter, who was to move the smaller buildings, completed his contract first and sub-contracted to assist the larger firm in ~ovingthe other build- i.ng.

Aside from the State Buildings there now remain on the Ease the Ga!czr's Choc- olate Building, the History Bui-lding (now the Gymnasium), and the two Audito- riuui wings ruhich were used for exhibits and arc 110~administrative buildin~s N-21 and N-23. The Audi.tori.~rni itself burncd in 1941 and was replaccd by Eu:i.ldi~ig::-26, Hi?adquarter:;, Eifth Naval llistrict. I CCL, and NCD I

GPO -1.724 1 sTrre Form 10-300- UNITE0 STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (JUI~1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Virginia NATtONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES cOU"T' ,Norfolk (city) INVENTORY - NOMIWATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY

ENTRVYUYS~R OATS (Continlation Shret) fj 6 I (N-br all d") 1 ------I~GZOGRAP#~CALDATA ".. - . . UTMRESERWYU ,:: i . . AM1318,21616101 L4td9rOl6t310J BW\3(8,3(5t2i01 14r019t016& ZONE EASTING NORTHING ZONE EASTING NORTHJNG CM131812I614r0J 1410)8,9!616tO] DM131 81 31 51 0, 01 14101.8, 91 6r 41 OILLINGHAM BLVD.

PARhTEGROUNO

PIERSEY STREET

MAP SHOWING PRESENT LOCATION OF STATE OUILOINGS. U.S. NAVAL STATION. NORFOLK. VIRGINIA.