0 PHD Thesis ML.Compressed.Pdf

Fakulteta za arhitekturo UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE Doctoral Programme in Architecture XXIX Cycle of the Doctoral Programme in Engineering and Architecture EVALUATION OF PARAMETERS FOR SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION OF BUILDINGS AND SITES IN THE CASE STUDY OF URBAN REGION GORIZIA - NOVA GORICA doctoral thesis under joint supervision doctoral student: Marta Lombardi supervisors: Dr. Sonja Ifko (UL – FA) Prof. Sergio Pratali Maffei, PhD (Units) Prof. Paolo Rosato, PhD (Units) Ljubljana, Slovenia 2017 Fakulteta za arhitekturo UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI TRIESTE Doctoral Programme in Architecture XXIX Cycle of the Doctoral Programme in Engineering and Architecture EVALUATION OF PARAMETERS FOR SUSTAINABLE PRESERVATION OF BUILDINGS AND SITES IN THE CASE STUDY OF URBAN REGION GORIZIA - NOVA GORICA doctoral thesis under joint supervision doctoral student: Marta Lombardi supervisors: Dr. Sonja Ifko (UL – FA) Prof. Sergio Pratali Maffei, PhD (Units) Prof. Paolo Rosato, PhD (Units) doctoral study coordinators: Dr. Tadeja Zupančič (UL – FA) Prof. Diego Micheli, PhD (Units) Ljubljana, Slovenia 2017 Declarations The present dissertation is the result of a joint supervision doctoral research project between the University of Ljubljana and the University of Trieste that was officialised with an agreement signed on 19th February 2016. The research was carried out at both institutions under the supervision of Dr. Sonja Ifko (UL FA), Prof. Sergio Pratali Maffei (Units) and Prof. Paolo Rosato (Units). Outlined in the Doctoral Study Programme in Architecture at the University of Ljubljana, the research theme was confirmed by the University of Ljubljana on 18.09.2015. Furthermore, I hereby declare that this thesis was drafted by myself with the supervision of the above cited mentors; that the work contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text; and that this work has not been submitted for any other degree or processional qualification except as specified. Marta Lombardi i ii Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisors: Dr. Sonja Ifko for her patience and guidance throughout my PhD study, Prof. Sergio Pratali Maffei for his systematic approach and for receiving me always, even for last-second consultations and Prof. Paolo Rosato for sharing his research and for his continuous support in the evaluation part. Having three mentors from different study areas was rather challenging but it certainly was an exceptional opportunity to learn from them. This research owes much to the members of the FA Doctoral Study Commission, who followed its development, and to the Committee members – Prof. Patrizia Lombardi, Prof. Andreas Voigt and Prof. Vesna Žegarac Leskovar – with their insightful comments. I am also thankful to all the professors of the eligible courses for encouraging me to widen my study into related topics that were later very useful for my work. In regards to the assessment models, I am particularly thankful to all the survey’s participants, who dedicated some time to understanding my work and who patiently filled in my long questionnaires. I also appreciated their comments and suggestions which allowed me to view the evaluation problem from different perspectives. I also thank the ZVKDS OE Nova Gorica, the Archives from Nova Gorica and Gorizia, Starassociati Studio, the personnel of Vila Vipolže, the architect Diego Kuzmin, Prof. Pratali and all the authors of the projects that have been used as case studies for my research for sharing their materials and knowledge. Moreover, I am grateful to Dr. Jernej Markelj for his kind cooperation and for forwarding me his own work that also deals with sustainability from a different point of view. I would also like to express my sincerest gratitude to Prof. Zupančič and the administrative offices of doctoral studies at the Universities of Ljubljana and Trieste, who made the joint-supervision agreement possible. In addition, a thank you to Mr. James Joseph Solari for enjoying during the careful proofreading of my dissertation. Finally, I would like to thank my family for all their love and encouragement: for my parents who offered me all kinds of support; for my sister Sandra who has always been an example to follow and for my brother-in-low's hospitality on some particularly stressful days; and most of all for my loving and encouraging Tiziano, whose great patience and supportive words accompanied me in all my pursuits. iii Oda a la casa Ode to an abandoned Ode alla casa abandonada house abbandonata Oda zapuščeni hiši (...) (...) (...) (...) Ahora Now we close Adesso chiudiamo Sedaj zapremo cerramos your windows le tue finestre tvoja okna tus ventanas and leave e un'oppressiva in pustimo y una opresiva a stifling notte prematura da se težka noche prematura premature night lasciamo insediata prezgodna noč dejamos instalada in the rooms. nelle stanze. namesti en las habitaciones. po sobah. All darkened Tutta buia Oscurecida you continue living, tu continui a vivere, Zamračena te quedas viviendo, while mentre živiš naprej, mientras Time runs through you il tempo ti percorre medtem ko el tiempo te recorre and the damp slowly e l'umido guasta piano la skozi tebe teče čas y la humedad gasta poco a consumes tua anima. in vlaga počasi počasi poco tu alma. your soul. razjeda tvojo dušo. Talvolta A veces una Sometimes un topo rosicchia, Včasih rata a rat gnaws, s'alza dalle carte miš roe, levantan los papeles the sheets raise un grize, dvignejo se listi un murmullo a suffocated fruscio v pridušenem ahogado, rustling, soffocato, šuštenju, un insecto a lost un insetto izgubljena perdido insect smarrito žuželka se golpea. hits, sbatte udarja, ciego, contra los muros, blind, against the walls, cieco contro i muri, slepa v zid y cuando and when e quando in ko llueve en la soledad it rains in solitude piove nella solitudine v osamljenosti dežuje tal vez perhaps forse morda una gotera a drop una goccia se kapljica suena echoes risuona oglasi con voz humana, with human voice, con voce umana s človeškim glasom, como si allí estuviera as if someone come se vi fosse kot da bi alguien llorando. was crying. qualcuno che piange. nekdo jokal. Sólo la sombra Only the shadow Solo l'ombra Le senca Sabe knows conosce pozna los secretos the secrets i segreti skrivnosti de las casas cerradas, of locked houses, delle case sbarrate, zaprtih hiš, sólo only solo le el viento rechazado the reflected wind il vento respinto odbiti veter y en el techo la luna que or the moon above the roof o sul tetto la luna che ali na strehi luna, florece. that thrives. fiorisce. ki cveti. (⋯) (...) (...) (...) P. Neruda, 1956 (translated by M. Lombardi) (translated by D. Puccini) (translated by M. Lombardi) iv To Tiziano v Abstract The present work deals with the problem of sustainable re-use and preservation in architecture, either legally protected or not. Its aim is to provide a method that might assist designers and decision-makers during the whole planning process. This research starts with a literature review of the interpretation of sustainability, followed by the definition of a regulatory framework (international and national) and a comparative analysis of 18 building assessment tools. The three sustainability domains (social/cultural, environmental and economic) are widely accepted, but most regulations and evaluation tools still focus on the environmental component. On the other hand, re-use is becoming more and more important for its key role in future sustainable development. However, only two of the analysed methods deal with the specific task of re-using/preserving historic buildings, so that the GBC HB protocol (Historic Building by GBC Italia) and the Villas model have eventually become the basis for the new method that was developed in reference to the territory of Gorizia and Nova Gorica. The method is a three-step procedure that guides the user through the knowing phase with a sort of “building ID”, towards the definition of compatible use (vocationality analysis) and the planning of a sustainable intervention (sustainability analysis), which simultaneously considers socio-cultural, environmental and economic issues. Each of the last two phases is also provided with an expert-based multi-criteria evaluation model, whose weights are based on a survey that collected opinions from more than 100 experts from Italy, Slovenia and other countries. The method was continuously refined through the application to some case studies that were selected in equal number between the region of Gorizia and Nova Gorica in order to cover all the three project stages: the preliminary phase or feasibility study, the intermediate and the final planning stage. Finally, the six case studies that are reported in the last part of the thesis prove the method’s reliability in dealing with different building types and planning phases, also guaranteed by the possibility of tailoring the sustainability model by including or excluding certain criteria. Nevertheless, the method does not provide definite answers and it does not aim at certifying the sustainability level of projects. In contrast, the interpretation of results is essential, as it forces the user to consider different points of view and, therefore, helps to make rational decisions. Sintesi Lo studio affronta il tema della sostenibilità nei processi di riuso e di conservazione del patrimonio costruito, inteso non solo come l’insieme degli edifici sottoposti a tutela, ma anche di tutti quei manufatti che, seppure non direttamente segnalati, possono rappresentare un importante valore per la comunità. L’obiettivo principale è quello di costituire un metodo che possa assistere i progettisti e i decisori in tutte le fasi del progetto di recupero ed aiutarli ad operare scelte consapevoli. A tal fine è stata dapprima effettuata una ricerca bibliografica sul tema della sostenibilità, di cui vengono riportate alcune definizioni e possibili interpretazioni nella prima parte della tesi. Ognuna delle tre componenti emerse, ovvero la sostenibilità socio-culturale, quella ambientale ed economica, vengono qui descritte e declinate anche in riferimento all’attività di riuso.

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