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Groupes Et Sociétés Sous La Révolution Française

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Groupes Et Sociétés Sous La Révolution Française Groupes et Sociétés sous la Révolution Française Extrait du LYCEE MARC BLOCH Val-de-Reuil http://lycee-marc-bloch.spip.ac-rouen.fr/spip.php?article530 Groupes et Sociétés sous la Révolution Française - Disciplines - HISTOIRE-GEOGRAPHIE - Histoire Seconde - La Révolution française - Date de mise en ligne : vendredi 8 juillet 2005 LYCEE MARC BLOCH Val-de-Reuil Copyright © LYCEE MARC BLOCH Val-de-Reuil Page 1/4 Groupes et Sociétés sous la Révolution Française LES DIFFERENTS GROUPES OU SOCIETES SOUS LA REVOLUTION Les Brissotins : cf. les Girondins. Le Club de Clichy : Il regroupe en 1797 des monarchistes modérés tels Pichegru, Barbé-Marbois, Carnot ou Barthélémy. Le Club des Cordeliers (ancienne Société des droits de l'homme et du citoyen) : Fondé en avril 1790 à l'initiative de Danton, Marat et Desmoulins. S'installe dans le couvent des Cordeliers. Se situe à l'extrême gauche de l'assemblée. A partir de 1793, il réunit Hébert, Pache, Vincent, Ronsin et Chaumette. Il sera fermé en mars 1794 après l'arrestation des Hébertistes. Le Club des Feuillants : Créé le 16 juillet 1791 par Barnave, les frères Lameth, Duport, Le Chapelier, Sieyès, La Fayette, Treilhard, Talleyrand, La Rochefoucauld et Dupont de Nemours. Les réunions ont lieu dans l'ancien couvent des Feuillants près des Tuileries. Issu du Club des Jacobins, il s'en distingue par sa modération et ses idées de monarchistes constitutionnels. Suppléé par les Girondins en octobre 1791, il se sépare définitivement en août 1792. Le Club des Jacobins (ancienne Société des Amis de la Constitution ou Club Breton) : Créé le 30 avril 1789 dans la bibliothèque du couvent des Jacobins dans la rue Saint- Honoré. Il réunit à cette époque des démocrates tels Lan juinais, Le Chapelier, Sieyès, La Fayette, Condorcet, Mirabeau, Brissot, les frères Lameth, Duport, Barnave, Fouché, Robespierre, l'abbé Grégoire. Ses membres se déclarent Républicains après juillet 1791 puis, sous l'influence de Robespierre et Couthon après octobre 1791, ils incarnent l'esprit révolutionnaire et terroriste (cf. Montagnards). Fermé après Thermidor, le Club est reconstitué sous le Directoire, avant de disparaître définitivement en1799. Le Club de Noailles : Fondé fin 1795 par Sieyès, il réunit Duval, Merlino, Guiot, Collombel, Tallien et Boissy d'Anglas. Le but de ce Club est de réunir les députés ayant eu une conduite raisonnable tout au long de la Révolution. Le Club du Panthéon (ou Société des Amis de la République) : Créé en novembre 1795 par Gracchus Babeuf, il rassemble des personnes issues des rangs Jacobins : Le Peletier, Buonarotti, Darthé, Debon, Maréchal, et Drouet. Le Club est dissous le 27 février 1796. Le Club de Valois : Créé en février 1789, il réunit le cousin du roi, le duc d'Orléans (futur Philippe Egalité), Sieyès, La Fayette, Talleyrand, les frères Lameth, Condorcet. Les Enragés : Réunissant Jacques Roux, Varlet, Claire Lacombe, ce sont des extrémistes plus à gauche que les Cordeliers. Ils Copyright © LYCEE MARC BLOCH Val-de-Reuil Page 2/4 Groupes et Sociétés sous la Révolution Française demandent la taxation des denrées, un impôt sur les riches et des secours pour les pauvres. Ils luttent activement contre les Girondins avant d'être eux- mêmes éliminés par Robespierre en septembre 1793. Les Girondins (ou Brissotins) : Fondé en octobre 1791 par un certain nombre de députés de la Gironde, dont Brissot, Guadet ou Vergniaud, ce groupe politique réunit aussi Roland, Madame Roland, Buzot, Condorcet, Pétion, Pache, Louvet, Barbaroux ou Gensonné. D'abord à gauche de l'Assemblée, ils deviennent vite plus modérés. Défenseurs d'une bourgeoisie éclairée contre la vague populaire, jacobine et centralisatrice, ils veulent réduire l'influence de Paris. Ils s'opposent à l'idée d'un dictateur et se déclarent partisans de la guerre en 1792. Ils sont éliminés par la Terreur et la Commune de Paris entre le 31 mai et le 2 juin 1793. Vingt-et-un de leurs membres sont guillotinés le 31 octobre 1793. Les Impartiaux : Députés de la Législative qui ne veulent pas choisir entre les Jacobins et les Feuillants. Les Jacobins blancs (ou Muscadins) : Après Thermidor, ces élégants de droite, regroupant Fréron, Barras, Tallien et sa femme Thérésa Cabarrus (" Notre-Dame de Thermidor "), représentent l'anti-Révolution et l'anti-jacobinisme. Ils sont soutenus par la riche jeunesse de Paris. Le Marais : cf. la Plaine. Les Montagnards : La Montagne, nommée ainsi parce que ses premiers membres se réunissaient sur les gradins les plus élevés de l'Assemblée sous la Constituante, regroupe sous la Convention ( septembre 1792) un grand nombre de députés Jacobins ou Cordeliers : Marat, Danton, Robespierre, Saint-Just, Desmoulins, Pache (après 1793), Couthon, Jeanbon Saint-André, Prieur de la Marne, Héraut de Séchelles, Collot d'Herbois, Billaud-Varenne, Fabre d'Eglantine. En faveur d'un régime centralisateur, ils se situent sur la gauche de l'assemblée. Ils souhaitent la nomination d'un dictateur. Ils éliminent tour à tour les Girondins (2 juin 1793), les Hébertistes ( mars 1794) et les Indulgents ( avril 1794). Ils chutent avec Robespierre le 27 juillet 1794 (9 thermidor an II). Seuls restent les "crêtois", définitivement éliminés le 20 mai 1795 (1er prairial an III). Les Muscadins : cf. les Jacobins blancs. La Plaine (ou le Marais) : Ventre mou de l'Assemblée sous la Convention, ce groupe est composé d'opportunistes votant tantôt en faveur des Girondins, tantôt en faveur des Montagnards. Il regroupe notamment Sieyès, Barère, l'abbé Grégoire, Lan Juinais, Reubell, Rabaut Saint-Etienne, Treilhard, Cambon, Gasparin. Le terme de « Marais » est péjoratif. La Réunion des amis de la liberté et de l'égalité : Copyright © LYCEE MARC BLOCH Val-de-Reuil Page 3/4 Groupes et Sociétés sous la Révolution Française Fondé en juillet 1799, ce groupe rassemble des néo-Jacobins (les " coryphées du Manège ") comme Prieur de la Marne, Le Peletier, Drouet, Augereau. Ils dominent le Conseil des Cinq-Cent avant d'être dissous le 13 août 1799. La Société de 1789 (ou Club de 89) : Fondée le 12 avril 1790 par Sieyès, Condorcet, Mirabeau et La Fayette. Ils seront rejoints par Bailly, Roederer, Talleyrand, Le Chapelier, Dupont de Nemours, le duc de La Rochefoucauld, Cabanis, Lavoisier, Suard et Chénier. Club anti-révolutionnaire, ses membres prônent une conciliation entre la Révolution et la monarchie. La Société des Amis de la République : cf. le Club du Panthéon. La Société des Trente : Fondée en février 1789, elle réunit Duport, Sieyès, Condorcet, Talleyrand, Dupont de Nemours, Mirabeau et le Duc de La Rochefoucauld. La Société Républicaine : Fondée en juillet 1791 par Condorcet, Paine et du Chastellet. Ses membres sont les premiers à se déclarer Républicains. Copyright © LYCEE MARC BLOCH Val-de-Reuil Page 4/4.
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