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Somali-English and English-Somali Dictionary

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Somali-English and English-Somali Dictionary AS3 5 BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME FROM THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND THE GIFT OF Henrig W. Sage 1891 Aiio^n mpifi:.. Cornell University Library PJ 2533.E92 Somall-Enallsh and EnaNsh-Somali dictio 3 1924 026 888 820 DATE DUE 51^32 .OAN PRINTEDINU.S.A. Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924026888820 SOMALI-ENGLISH AND EKGLISH-SOMALI DICTIONARY. : SOMALI -ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-SOMALI DIOTIONAEY. BY Rev. Fe. EVANGELIST de LARAJASSE,' MISS. APOST. OKD. SS. FBANCISCI CAP. PBOTINCIjE LUGDTJNENSIS ALUMNUS. LONDON EJIGAN PAUL, TEENCH, TKUBNEE & CO., Ltd., Paternosteu House, Chaeing Caosa Eoad. 1897 -^ P : LONDON PRINTED BY GILBERT AND EIVINGTON, LIMITED, ST. John's house, olbreenwell, e.o. — PEEFACE. The few books published on the Somali language being in- sufficient for anyone wishing to learn it, we, in order to have a basis for a further and thorough study of it, have committed to print this Somali-English and English-Somali Dictionary, although it is not as yet perfect and complete. For writing Somali phonetically we have employed, firstly, the Eoman characters with their Latin pronunciation ; secondly, some signs used in the Syrian alphabet (S. J. Beyrouth) for the transliteration of Arabic into Eoman characters, and letter d, as explained in the following alphabetical table : : VI PREFACE. diphthongs; w, however, is only a vowel when following the letters a and o, forming with them the diphthongs aw and ow. All the other letters are consonants. OF THE PEONUNCIATION OF THE LETTEES. Peonunciation of the Vowels. Simple Vowels. a is either long or short when long it is pronounced as in English " father." „ short „ „ „ "cat, mat." e " has the sound of a in such words as face, space " ; but when this vowel stands before a consonant ending a syllable, it has nearly the sound of a in the word "care." Ex. ader, "paternal uncle," pronounced ah-dare. i is either long or short. When long it is pronounced as i in " ravine." " „ short „ „ spin." When i is either preceded or followed by h, or when marked with ' ('i and 1') it has nearly the sound of e. is sounded like o in the word " tone," when it is long. „ „ ,, "Tom" „ short. sor, " " Ex. food," pronounced sore ; kol, time," pronounced holl. ; PREFACE. VU has the sound of oo in the word " pool" when long, and that of u in the word "pull" when short. Ex. giir, "marriage," pro- nounced goore; gur, "pick up," pronounced goor. When u is either preceded or followed by hard consonants, as h, h, it is sometimes pronounced nearly ^s u in " tusk." c ('ain) The Arabic guttural sound of c (the pronunciation of which can be learnt only from a native) being of frequent occurrence in the Somali language, the vowels a, e, i, o, u when having that sound are marked with a reversed comma ('), either on their right or their left, as shown in the table. Pronunciation q/ the Diphthongs. ai is pronounced by some as i in the word "Bible," and as ai in the word " paint " by others. In a few words these two letters must be sounded separately in that case the letter 1 will be marked with two dots (i). ei has the sound of ei in the English "feign." au is sounded as ow in the word " cow." aw has the same sound as au, but is used to represent that sound in words where other vowels follow, and also in attributive verbs. VIU PREFACE. OW This diplithong has a kind of hollow sound like that of oh-oo pronounced in an empty cask. Consonants. b is sounded as in English " baby," but more forcibly and with a sort of jj sound. d has a clear and distinct sound as in the English " did." a is the cerebral d of the Sanscrit. Some Somal pronounce this " " " consonant nearly as rd in English hard," card ; its proper pronunciation can be attained only by practice. There is, however, not very much difference between the pronunciation of d and d at the commencement and at the end of words. In pronouncing d the tongue is allowed to appear between the teeth, whereas to pronounce d the tongue must be somewhat curved against the front of the palate. f as in English " for," " if." S is invariably hard, as in English "gamble," "give," "get." h is an aspirate strongly breathed out from the chest, like the Arabic 9- " ha." PKEFACE. IX h as in English " hare." h represents the sounds of the three Arabic letters ?- (3 f • Most Somal pronounce any one of those sounds like the German ch as pronounced in Switzerland in the words "chirurg," " hochzeit," " loch," the guttural pronunciation not being the same everywhere. In order to avoid confusion and multipli- cation of sounds we have adopted this sign, although we know that nearly two-thirds of these words commence with the Arabic J. k " " as in English kite ; it is interchangeable with g. as in English "jump," "lily." m, n as in English " mammon," " noon." r This consonant is generally strongly sounded, like rr in " parrot." There are a few exceptions where it is sounded nearly as cerebral d. s " is a strong sibilant resembling ss in English hiss." sh as in English " shore." X PREFACE. t is sounded as in English "tattoo," and is interchangeable with d. w as in English " walk." y as in English " yes," " York." In some words this letter is pronounced like th in the English " loathe." Ex. maya, "no," pronounced matha. The consonants p, v, and z do not exist in the Somali alphabet as separate letters, but their sounds have a reciprocal correspondence to those of the letters b, f b, and s^p to b, v to f and b, z to s. With a view to economize space, indefinite nouns to which either the definite article or the endings of indefinite plural is added, will be represented by the sign ( — ). When there is no possibility of confusion, the word at the head of an article is also represented by the sign (—) in the phrases and locutions ex- plained, as also in compound words formed from it by the addi- tion of a syllable, particle, or another word when they follow in the same paragraph. In Somali, for a great number of nouns, the gender is quite arbitrary, as in French, aild can be known only by the definite singular article ; therefore, with each noun, except with those ending in o (which are mostly of feminine gender, and in taking the article di change final o into a), we indicate the article, as wil, m.n., " a boy," ki. gabad, " girl," di. — f.71., a — ; PKEFACB. XI Polysyllabic or dissyllabic nouns ending with a con'sonant generally form their indefinite plural by adding o ; those ending i in by adding yo ; those ending in a, ai, and eh by adding yal feminine monosyllabic nouns by adding o ; and dissyllabic or polysyllabic feminine nouns ending in o by adding in. Mas- culine monosyllabic nouns form their plural by repeating the final consonant der, " " preceded by the vowel a. Ex. gazelle ; derar, "gazelles." For all nouns not following the rules given above, the d^f. art. and ]jlur. will be indicated thus : gabad,/.w., "a girl"; —di, gabdo (plur.) " " ilig, m.n., a tooth ; —gi, ilko (plur.) The root or simplest form of the Somali verb being the second person singular of the imperative, all the verbs will be given in that form, to which we add the forms of the second person plural of the imperative and that of the aorist when they are not regularly formed according to the abridged rules below ; for from these three forms the other principal tenses of the verb may be formed by the addition of terminations [see Gram.). EULES. 1st. Verbs ending with a consonant generally form the second person plural of the imperative by adding a, and the aorist by adding i, to the root. " " " " Ex. abur, create," produce (thou) ; —a, create (ye " " or you) ; wan —i, I will create." — . Xll PREFACE 2nd. Verbs ending in i, ai, ei, form the second person plural of the imperative by adding ya to the root, and the aorist by adding n. " " " " Ex. badi, increase ; —ya, increase (ye or you) ; wan " —n, I will increase." " " " " adai, clean ; — ya, clean (ye or you) ; wan — n, " I will clean." 3rd. Verbs ending in o, aw, ow, form the second person plural of imperative in ada, and the aorist in an. Ex. hubso, "meditate"; hubsada, "meditate (ye or you)"; wan hubsan, " I vcill meditate." " " " wanaksanaw, be (thou) good ; wanaksanada, be " " (ye or you) good ; wan wanaksanan, I will be good." " '' " humow, be (thou) bad ; humada, be (ye or you) " " bad ; wan human, I will be bad." N.B. Exceptions to the above rules will be indicated as follows : i.e., the whole word given when there is any change root represented in the root, and the by the sign ( —) when there is none. " " ; tegi. Ex. tag, go ; —a wan " " madow, be black ; —ba ; wan —bi. " " sido, take and carry ; sita ; wan sidan. " " dahamow, be chilly ; dahamoda ; wan dahamon. 'ai, "curse," "abuse"; —a, or 'aitama; wan 'ai. Somals have taken a great number of words from the Arabic. These words they use with their own article, particles, and pro- nouns as real Somali words. Ex. albab, " the door " in Arabic PEEFACE. Xin is used by Somals in this way: albab, "a door"; albabyo, "doors"; albabki, "the door "; albabyadi, "the doors." They do the same with any words which they adopt from other languages.
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