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The Science of String Instruments
The Science of String Instruments Thomas D. Rossing Editor The Science of String Instruments Editor Thomas D. Rossing Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) Stanford, CA 94302-8180, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-7109-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7110-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7110-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction............................................................... 1 Thomas D. Rossing 2 Plucked Strings ........................................................... 11 Thomas D. Rossing 3 Guitars and Lutes ........................................................ 19 Thomas D. Rossing and Graham Caldersmith 4 Portuguese Guitar ........................................................ 47 Octavio Inacio 5 Banjo ...................................................................... 59 James Rae 6 Mandolin Family Instruments........................................... 77 David J. Cohen and Thomas D. Rossing 7 Psalteries and Zithers .................................................... 99 Andres Peekna and Thomas D. -
WORKSHOP: Around the World in 30 Instruments Educator’S Guide [email protected]
WORKSHOP: Around The World In 30 Instruments Educator’s Guide www.4shillingsshort.com [email protected] AROUND THE WORLD IN 30 INSTRUMENTS A MULTI-CULTURAL EDUCATIONAL CONCERT for ALL AGES Four Shillings Short are the husband-wife duo of Aodh Og O’Tuama, from Cork, Ireland and Christy Martin, from San Diego, California. We have been touring in the United States and Ireland since 1997. We are multi-instrumentalists and vocalists who play a variety of musical styles on over 30 instruments from around the World. Around the World in 30 Instruments is a multi-cultural educational concert presenting Traditional music from Ireland, Scotland, England, Medieval & Renaissance Europe, the Americas and India on a variety of musical instruments including hammered & mountain dulcimer, mandolin, mandola, bouzouki, Medieval and Renaissance woodwinds, recorders, tinwhistles, banjo, North Indian Sitar, Medieval Psaltery, the Andean Charango, Irish Bodhran, African Doumbek, Spoons and vocals. Our program lasts 1 to 2 hours and is tailored to fit the audience and specific music educational curriculum where appropriate. We have performed for libraries, schools & museums all around the country and have presented in individual classrooms, full school assemblies, auditoriums and community rooms as well as smaller more intimate settings. During the program we introduce each instrument, talk about its history, introduce musical concepts and follow with a demonstration in the form of a song or an instrumental piece. Our main objective is to create an opportunity to expand people’s understanding of music through direct expe- rience of traditional folk and world music. ABOUT THE MUSICIANS: Aodh Og O’Tuama grew up in a family of poets, musicians and writers. -
VINICIO CAPOSSELA from Tefteri: a Settling of Scores
VINICIO CAPOSSELA From Tefteri: A Settling of Scores (non- fiction) Translated from the Italian by Elettra Pauletto Athens, March 2012 The word “crisis” comes from the Greek kríno, which means to sep- arate, sort, divide. Crisis is a concept that lends itself well to rebetiko— a type of music born of separation—and to Greece, from which Europe is pulling away, driven by the disdain that lies at the root of all rejection. People often speak of Greece with language that evokes tragedy, which, as a genre, was invented there. The word “tragedy” comes from the Greek tragudi, or song, and at its root is tragos, which means goat. Tragodia, song of the goat. Once the cultural mother of Europe, Greece has become a scapegoat for her sins. Europa, daughter to a king of Crete, seduced by Zeus. Europa of the “wide eyes,” land of the west, ever facing the setting sun. Since ancient times, Greek creations have been permeated with a sense of universality. Taken together, this body of work tells the story of man, the anthropos. And it tells the story of man and destiny, of what is happening to Westerners in this moment of “crisis,” of choices. Let’s travel there, a small tool in hand— a thyrsus, perhaps— and accompanied by music born of catastrophe. Greeks still use the word Katastrofis to describe the Greco- Turkish war of 1922, the destruction of Smyrna, and the exodus of the Greeks from Asia Minor. These million and a half refugees were the ones who, following the treaty of Lausanne, returned destitute to a motherland that no longer wanted them; brought back with them the music and customs of other places; and gathered in suburban neighborhoods, changing the social fabric of 1920s Athens (then dubbed the “Paris of the Eastern Mediterranean” by the young Greek state, which wanted to westernize Greek culture). -
SYRTAKI Greek PRONUNCIATION
SYRTAKI Greek PRONUNCIATION: seer-TAH-kee TRANSLATION: Little dragging dance SOURCE: Dick Oakes learned this dance in the Greek community of Los Angeles. Athan Karras, a prominent Greek dance researcher, also has taught Syrtaki to folk dancers in the United States, as have many other teachers of Greek dance. BACKGROUND: The Syrtaki, or Sirtaki, was the name given to the combination of various Hasapika (or Hassapika) dances, both in style and the variation of tempo, after its popularization in the motion picture Alexis Zorbas (titled Zorba the Greek in America). The Syrtaki is danced mainly in the taverns of Greece with dances such as the Zeybekiko (Zeimbekiko), the Tsiftetelli, and the Karsilamas. It is a combination of either a slow hasapiko and fast hasapiko, or a slow hasapiko, hasaposerviko, and fast hasapiko. It is typical for the musicians to "wake things up" after a slow or heavy (vari or argo) hasapiko with a medium and / or fast Hasapiko. The name "Syrtaki" is a misnomer in that it is derived from the most common Greek dance "Syrtos" and this name is a recent invention. These "butcher dances" spread throughout the Balkans and the Near East and all across the Aegean islands, and entertained a great popularity. The origins of the dance are traced to Byzantium, but the Argo Hasapiko is an evolved idiom by Aegean fisherman and their languid lifestyle. The name "Syrtaki" is now embedded as a dance form (meaning "little Syrtos," though it is totally unlike any Syrto dance), but its international fame has made it a hallmark of Greek dancing. -
Read This Year's Christmas Revels Program Notes
PRESENTS THE CHRISTMAS REVELS In Celebration of the Winter Solstice Echoes of Thrace Music, Dance & Drama of Bulgaria, Greece & Turkey December 7–15, 2013 GW Lisner Auditorium • Washington, DC Roberta Gasbarre, Artistic and Stage Director Elizabeth Fulford, Music Director PHOTO BY ROGER IDE THE CHRISTMAS REVELS In Celebration of the Winter Solstice Echoes of Thrace Music, Dance & Drama of Bulgaria, Greece & Turkey The Washington Featuring Revels Company Karpouzi Trio Koleda Chorus Lyuti Chushki Koros Teens Spyros Koliavasilis Survakari Children Tanya Dosseva & Lyuben Dossev Thracian Bells Tzvety Dosseva Weiner Grum Drums Bryndyn Weiner Kukeri Mummers and Christmas Kamila Morgan Duncan, as The Poet With And Folk-Dance Ensembles The Balkan Brass Byzantio (Greek) and Zharava (Bulgarian) Emerson Hawley, tuba Radouane Halihal, percussion Roberta Gasbarre, Artistic and Stage Director Elizabeth Fulford, Music Director Gregory C. Magee, Production Manager Dedication On September 1, 2013, Washington Revels lost our beloved Reveler and friend, Kathleen Marie McGhee—known to everyone in Revels as Kate—to metastatic breast cancer. Office manager/costume designer/costume shop manager/desktop publisher: as just this partial list of her roles with Revels suggests, Kate was a woman of many talents. The most visibly evident to the Revels community were her tremendous costume skills: in addition to serving as Associate Costume Designer for nine Christmas Revels productions (including this one), Kate was the sole costume designer for four of our five performing ensembles, including nineteenth- century sailors and canal folk, enslaved and free African Americans during Civil War times, merchants, society ladies, and even Abraham Lincoln. Kate’s greatest talent not on regular display at Revels related to music. -
Greek Dance and Everyday Nationalism in Contemporary Greece - Kalogeropoulou 55
Greek dance and everyday nationalism in contemporary Greece - Kalogeropoulou 55 Greek dance and everyday nationalism in contemporary Greece Sofia Kalogeropoulou The University of Otago ABSTRACT In this article I explore how dance as an everyday lived experience during community events contributes to constructing national identities. As a researcher living in New Zealand where issues of hybridity and fluidity of identities in relation to dance are currently a strong focus for discussion, I was inspired to examine dance in my homeland, Greece. In a combination of ethnography and autobiography I examine dance as an embodied practice that physically and culturally manifests the possession of a distinct national identity that can also be used as a means of differentiation. I also draw on the concept of banal nationalism by Michael Billig (1995), which looks at the mundane use of national symbols and its consequences. I argue that while folk dance acts as a uniting device amongst members of national communities, its practice of everyday nationalism can also be transformed into a political ritual that accentuates differences and projects chauvinism and extreme nationalism with a potential for conflict. INTRODUCTION A few years ago when I was still living in Greece I was invited to my cousin’s farewell party before he went to do his national service. This is a significant rite of passage for a Greek male marking his transition from childhood to manhood and also fulfilling his obligations towards his country and the state. This dance event celebrates the freedom of the civilian life and marks the beginning of a twelve-month period of military training in the Greek army. -
Music, Image, and Identity: Rebetiko and Greek National Identity
Universiteit van Amsterdam Graduate School for Humanities Music, Image, and Identity: Rebetiko and Greek National Identity Alexia Kallergi Panopoulou Student number: 11655631 MA Thesis in European Studies, Identity and Integration track Name of supervisor: Dr. Krisztina Lajosi-Moore Name of second reader: Prof. dr. Joep Leerssen September 2018 2 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Theory and Methodology ........................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 2. ........................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 The history of Rebetiko ......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Kleftiko songs: Klephts and Armatoloi ............................................................................... 11 2.1.2 The Period of the Klephts Song .......................................................................................... 15 2.2 Rebetiko Songs...................................................................................................................... 18 2.3 Rebetiko periods .................................................................................................................. -
Greek Cultures, Traditions and People
GREEK CULTURES, TRADITIONS AND PEOPLE Paschalis Nikolaou – Fulbright Fellow Greece ◦ What is ‘culture’? “Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts […] The word "culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and Some grow, or cultivation and nurture. […] The term "Western culture" has come to define the culture of European countries as well as those that definitions have been heavily influenced by European immigration, such as the United States […] Western culture has its roots in the Classical Period of …when, to define, is to the Greco-Roman era and the rise of Christianity in the 14th century.” realise connections and significant overlap ◦ What do we mean by ‘tradition’? ◦ 1a: an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior (such as a religious practice or a social custom) ◦ b: a belief or story or a body of beliefs or stories relating to the past that are commonly accepted as historical though not verifiable … ◦ 2: the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another without written instruction ◦ 3: cultural continuity in social attitudes, customs, and institutions ◦ 4: characteristic manner, method, or style in the best liberal tradition GREECE: ANCIENT AND MODERN What we consider ancient Greece was one of the main classical The Modern Greek State was founded in 1830, following the civilizations, making important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, revolutionary war against the Ottoman Turks, which started in astronomy, and medicine. -
Evdokia's Zeibekiko
European Scientific Journal December 2017 edition Vol.13, No.35 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 The Bouzouki’s Signifiers and Significance Through the Zeibekiko Dance Song: "Evdokia’s Zeibekiko" Evangelos Saragatsis Musician, Secondary Education Teacher, Holder Of Postgraduate Diploma Ifigeneia Vamvakidou Professor at the University of Western Macedonia, Greece Doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n35p125 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n35p125 Abstract The objective of this study is to identify the signifiers and significance of the Zeibekiko dance, and those of the bouzouki itself, to a further extent, as they emerge through research conducted in the relevant literature, and which is anchored to those signifiers, as they are highlighted through their presence in material that is obtained from movies. The semiotic analysis of the film “Evdokia”, by A. Damianos (1971), is the research method that is followed. In this context, the main focus is placed on the episode/scene, where Evdokia’s Zeibekiko is displayed on stage. This ‘polytropic’ (polymodal) material that consists of listening to, viewing, playing music, and dancing encompasses a large variety of musicological and gender signifiers that refer to the specific era. The model followed is that of Greimas (1996), as it was used by Lagopoulos & Boklund-Lagopoulou (2016), and Christodoulou (2012), in order to point out those characteristic features that are expressed by the bouzouki, as a musical instrument, through a representative sample of the zeibekiko dance, as it is illustrated in the homonymous film. The analysis of images, as well as of the language message, lead to the emergence of codes, such as the one referring to the gender, and also the symbolic, value, and social codes, and it is found that all these codes agree with the introductory literature research conducted on the zeibekiko dance and the bouzouki. -
Glossary Ahengu Shkodran Urban Genre/Repertoire from Shkodër
GLOSSARY Ahengu shkodran Urban genre/repertoire from Shkodër, Albania Aksak ‘Limping’ asymmetrical rhythm (in Ottoman theory, specifically 2+2+2+3) Amanedes Greek-language ‘oriental’ urban genre/repertory Arabesk Turkish vocal genre with Arabic influences Ashiki songs Albanian songs of Ottoman provenance Baïdouska Dance and dance song from Thrace Čalgiya Urban ensemble/repertory from the eastern Balkans, especially Macedonia Cântarea României Romanian National Song Festival: ‘Singing for Romania’ Chalga Bulgarian ethno-pop genre Çifteli Plucked two-string instrument from Albania and Kosovo Čoček Dance and musical genre associated espe- cially with Balkan Roma Copla Sephardic popular song similar to, but not identical with, the Spanish genre of the same name Daouli Large double-headed drum Doina Romanian traditional genre, highly orna- mented and in free rhythm Dromos Greek term for mode/makam (literally, ‘road’) Duge pjesme ‘Long songs’ associated especially with South Slav traditional music Dvojka Serbian neo-folk genre Dvojnica Double flute found in the Balkans Echos A mode within the 8-mode system of Byzan- tine music theory Entekhno laïko tragoudhi Popular art song developed in Greece in the 1960s, combining popular musical idioms and sophisticated poetry Fanfara Brass ensemble from the Balkans Fasil Suite in Ottoman classical music Floyera Traditional shepherd’s flute Gaida Bagpipes from the Balkan region 670 glossary Ganga Type of traditional singing from the Dinaric Alps Gazel Traditional vocal genre from Turkey Gusle One-string, -
A History of Mandolin Construction
1 - Mandolin History Chapter 1 - A History of Mandolin Construction here is a considerable amount written about the history of the mandolin, but littleT that looks at the way the instrument e marvellous has been built, rather than how it has been 16 string ullinger played, across the 300 years or so of its mandolin from 1925 existence. photo courtesy of ose interested in the classical mandolin ony ingham, ondon have tended to concentrate on the European bowlback mandolin with scant regard to the past century of American carved instruments. Similarly many American writers don’t pay great attention to anything that happened before Orville Gibson, so this introductory chapter is an attempt to give equal weight to developments on both sides of the Atlantic and to see the story of the mandolin as one of continuing evolution with the odd revolutionary change along the way. e history of the mandolin is not of a straightforward, lineal development, but one which intertwines with the stories of guitars, lutes and other stringed instruments over the past 1000 years. e formal, musicological definition of a (usually called the Neapolitan mandolin); mandolin is that of a chordophone of the instruments with a flat soundboard and short-necked lute family with four double back (sometimes known as a Portuguese courses of metal strings tuned g’-d’-a”-e”. style); and those with a carved soundboard ese are fixed to the end of the body using and back as developed by the Gibson a floating bridge and with a string length of company a century ago. -
RCA Victor International FPM/FSP 100 Series
RCA Discography Part 26 - By David Edwards, Mike Callahan, and Patrice Eyries. © 2018 by Mike Callahan RCA Victor International FPM/FSP 100 Series FPM/FSP 100 – Neapolitan Mandolins – Various Artists [1961] Torna A Surriento/Anema E Core/'A Tazza 'E Caffe/Funiculi Funicula/Voce 'E Notte/Santa Lucia/'Na Marzianina A Napule/'O Sole Mio/Oi Mari/Guaglione/Lazzarella/'O Mare Canta/Marechiaro/Tarantella D'o Pazzariello FPM/FSP 101 – Josephine Baker – Josephine Baker [1961] J'ai Deux Amours/Ca C'est Paris/Sur Les Quais Du Vieux Paris/Sous Les Ponts De Paris/La Seine/Mon Paris/C'est Paris/En Avril À Paris, April In Paris, Paris Tour Eiffel/Medley: Sous Les Toits De Paris, Sous Le Ciel De Paris, La Romance De Paris, Fleur De Paris FPM/FSP 102 – Los Chakachas – Los Chakachas [1961] Never on Sunday/Chocolate/Ca C’est Du Poulet/Venus/Chouchou/Negra Mi Cha Cha Cha/I Ikosara/Mucho Tequila/Ay Mulata/Guapacha/Pollo De Carlitos/Asi Va La Vida FPM/FSP 103 – Magic Violins of Villa Fontana – Magic Violins of Villa Fontana [1961] Reissue of LPM 1291. Un Del di Vedremo/Rubrica de Amor/Gigi/Alborada/Tchaikovsky Piano Concerto No. 1/Medley/Estrellita/Xochimilco/Adolorido/Carousel Waltz/June is Bustin’ Out All Over/If I Loved You/O Sole Mio/Santa Lucia/Tarantella FPM/FSP 104 – Ave a Go Wiv the Buskers – Buskers [1961] Glorious Beer/The Sunshine of Paradise Alley/She Told Me to Meet Her at the Gate/Nellie Dean/After the Ball/I Do Like to Be Beside the Seaside//Any Old Iron/Down At the Old Bull and Bush/Boiled Beef and Carrots/The Sunshine of Your Smile/Wot Cher