Music, Image, and Identity: Rebetiko and Greek National Identity
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WORKSHOP: Around the World in 30 Instruments Educator’S Guide [email protected]
WORKSHOP: Around The World In 30 Instruments Educator’s Guide www.4shillingsshort.com [email protected] AROUND THE WORLD IN 30 INSTRUMENTS A MULTI-CULTURAL EDUCATIONAL CONCERT for ALL AGES Four Shillings Short are the husband-wife duo of Aodh Og O’Tuama, from Cork, Ireland and Christy Martin, from San Diego, California. We have been touring in the United States and Ireland since 1997. We are multi-instrumentalists and vocalists who play a variety of musical styles on over 30 instruments from around the World. Around the World in 30 Instruments is a multi-cultural educational concert presenting Traditional music from Ireland, Scotland, England, Medieval & Renaissance Europe, the Americas and India on a variety of musical instruments including hammered & mountain dulcimer, mandolin, mandola, bouzouki, Medieval and Renaissance woodwinds, recorders, tinwhistles, banjo, North Indian Sitar, Medieval Psaltery, the Andean Charango, Irish Bodhran, African Doumbek, Spoons and vocals. Our program lasts 1 to 2 hours and is tailored to fit the audience and specific music educational curriculum where appropriate. We have performed for libraries, schools & museums all around the country and have presented in individual classrooms, full school assemblies, auditoriums and community rooms as well as smaller more intimate settings. During the program we introduce each instrument, talk about its history, introduce musical concepts and follow with a demonstration in the form of a song or an instrumental piece. Our main objective is to create an opportunity to expand people’s understanding of music through direct expe- rience of traditional folk and world music. ABOUT THE MUSICIANS: Aodh Og O’Tuama grew up in a family of poets, musicians and writers. -
Markos Vamvakaris : the Man and the Bouzouki
Markos Vamvakaris : The Man and the Bouzouki. Autobiography PDF Author: Noonie Minogue Pages: 320 pages ISBN: 9780993263309 Markos Vamvakaris, born in 1905 in Syros was a pioneer of rebetiko, the urban folk music of Greece. The bouzouki was a disreputable instrument but he paved its path to glory. He spent many years, first as a stevedore in the port of Piraeus and then as a butcher in the slaughterhouse. During this time he fell in love with a tigress, his first wife, he learnt to smoke hashish and to play the 'sacred' instrument: 'I had a great passion. My life was all bouzouki. It took me over - but it also took me up in the world, way up ...' This is the first ever translation into English of the autobiography compiled by Angeliki Vellou Keil in 1972. It opens a window onto a time of extraordinary creativity in the history of Greek music, an explosion of songwriting in the interwar period. Its composers wrote about themselves and each other, the rituals of hashish smoking and the landmarks of a now vanished city. Markos the repentant sinner and living legend, looks back at childhood idylls in Syros, the arrival of the Asia Minor refugees, the terrible years of the Nazi Occupation, the ceaseless love affairs and disappointments, and the triumphs of the bouzouki. He offers a rare insight into the lives of toiling workers and the lowlife of one of the world's most ancient ports, where East meets West. Out of this melting pot he produced the classic songs that Greeks of all ages still love and know by heart. -
VINICIO CAPOSSELA from Tefteri: a Settling of Scores
VINICIO CAPOSSELA From Tefteri: A Settling of Scores (non- fiction) Translated from the Italian by Elettra Pauletto Athens, March 2012 The word “crisis” comes from the Greek kríno, which means to sep- arate, sort, divide. Crisis is a concept that lends itself well to rebetiko— a type of music born of separation—and to Greece, from which Europe is pulling away, driven by the disdain that lies at the root of all rejection. People often speak of Greece with language that evokes tragedy, which, as a genre, was invented there. The word “tragedy” comes from the Greek tragudi, or song, and at its root is tragos, which means goat. Tragodia, song of the goat. Once the cultural mother of Europe, Greece has become a scapegoat for her sins. Europa, daughter to a king of Crete, seduced by Zeus. Europa of the “wide eyes,” land of the west, ever facing the setting sun. Since ancient times, Greek creations have been permeated with a sense of universality. Taken together, this body of work tells the story of man, the anthropos. And it tells the story of man and destiny, of what is happening to Westerners in this moment of “crisis,” of choices. Let’s travel there, a small tool in hand— a thyrsus, perhaps— and accompanied by music born of catastrophe. Greeks still use the word Katastrofis to describe the Greco- Turkish war of 1922, the destruction of Smyrna, and the exodus of the Greeks from Asia Minor. These million and a half refugees were the ones who, following the treaty of Lausanne, returned destitute to a motherland that no longer wanted them; brought back with them the music and customs of other places; and gathered in suburban neighborhoods, changing the social fabric of 1920s Athens (then dubbed the “Paris of the Eastern Mediterranean” by the young Greek state, which wanted to westernize Greek culture). -
The Rembetiko Music
The Rembetiko Music Rembetiko music is a very popular genre of Greek Folk music. It is often called the Greek form of blues music, because it was merely formed in the same social background. Although it is not played that much anymore, its melodies, harmonies and scales have been a big influence for Greek music since. That is why I chose to do a popular, not only in Greece, but around the world too. research on its history and on its particular musical characteristics, that made it so Definition of Rembetiko Rembetiko is the music played by the mbe Although musicologists are not logy, they describe there so-tes. as vagrant, tainted, marginalsure about thepeople, terms oretymo people from the underworld.called Theyrembetes were mostly people who gathered in small cafes and tekes to smoke hashish, drink alcohol and play songs, in order to ex The ensembles occurring from those cafes would look somethingpress theirlike the lifes picture suffering. on the right (Photo ). The most significant rempetologist was Elias Petropoulos. of the Rembetes of Karaiskaki taken in Peiraious 19 History and evolution of Rembetiko Rembetiko started in the so-called aman-cafis and the tekedes (places where people gathered to smoke hashish) in Greece but mainly in Asia Minor. Those were cafes, that started appearing in 1873 and in which there was live music. The main form amanedes , which were turkish, often improvised and highly melismatic songs, in which or something (usually about hashish, narghiles andof music love-stories) were is expressed. Ensembles, consisting of a combination of the folowing instruments : santouris,the singers ouds, suffering laouds, flutesf or violins, were accompanying the singers. -
Dissertation / Doctoral Thesis
DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Karagiozis – Schattenspiel und Politik: Der griechische Karagiozisspieler Sotiris Spatharis“ verfasst von / submitted by Mag. Fatma Peri Efe angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. Phil.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 092 383 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Byzantinistik und Neogräzistik field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ. Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou DANKSAGUNG Die Vorbereitungen für diese Arbeit, zu denen auch einige Publikationen zum Thema gehörten, erstreckten sich über eine lange Periode, die Niederschrift meiner Dissertation hingegen erfolgte binnen eines Jahres und fiel, wie ich leider sagen muss, in eine schwere Zeit. Die Probleme in meinem Land machten es mir mitunter schwer, mich auf meine Arbeit zu konzentrieren und ließen des Öfteren Zweifel an der Sinnhaftigkeit dieses Unterfangens aufkommen. Dass ich die Arbeit schließlich doch zu Ende führen konnte, liegt daran, dass es Menschen gab, die mir außerordentlich viel Unterstützung, Hilfe und Zuspruch zuteil werden ließen. Ihnen möchte ich an dieser Stelle meinen herzlichen Dank aussprechen. An erster Stelle seien meine Betreuerin Univ. Prof. Dr. Maria A. Stassinopoulou und meine Begutachterin Ao. Prof. Dr. Claudia Römer genannt. Prof. Stassinopoulou, die mir mit viel Geduld und Verständnis zur Seite stand, danke ich für ihre wertvollen Kommentare und Gedanken und ihr Interesse an dem Thema meiner Arbeit. Bei Prof. Römer bedanke ich mich dafür, dass sie mich den gesamten Entstehungsprozess hindurch sowohl persönlich als auch wissenschaftlich, durch ihre Ermutigung und ihre Hilfsbereitschaft, immer unterstützt hat. -
Revolutionary Reckonings
COMMENTARY had a fixation with the event. They declared their dictatorship to be a “national-salvationist revolu- tion” (ethnosotirios epanastasis) that would com- plete the work of its predecessor. In 1971, the 150th anniversary of the uprising, more than 300 books were published on the subject – an astonishing number dwarfing that of any year before or since. The nation’s classrooms rang with the exhortation: “Long live the revolution of 25 March 1821! Long live the revolution of 21 April 1967!” It was ironic to watch an authoritarian military Junta heroizing a bunch of unruly and quarrelsome chieftains who had been united by few things stronger than their loathing for the idea of a regular army. But the pre- dictable result of turning 1821 into fascist kitsch was that by the time the colonels fell from power in 1974, everyone was fed up with the subject. This explains why, amid the truly remarkable resurgence in historical studies in Greece that took place with the restoration of democracy, the subject of its independence struggle was initially neglected. An exception was the scholarly journal Mnimon, which consistently published high-calibre research on the subject. Just three years ago, it published not one but two important volumes of essays on the Greek revolution. These signalled an end to the neglect of the recent past and showcased a younger generation of historians that was finding new rea- sons for returning to 1821. One of these volumes is a collective tribute to the late historian Despoina Themeli-Katifori, who had contributed to the journal from the start. -
Greek Cultures, Traditions and People
GREEK CULTURES, TRADITIONS AND PEOPLE Paschalis Nikolaou – Fulbright Fellow Greece ◦ What is ‘culture’? “Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts […] The word "culture" derives from a French term, which in turn derives from the Latin "colere," which means to tend to the earth and Some grow, or cultivation and nurture. […] The term "Western culture" has come to define the culture of European countries as well as those that definitions have been heavily influenced by European immigration, such as the United States […] Western culture has its roots in the Classical Period of …when, to define, is to the Greco-Roman era and the rise of Christianity in the 14th century.” realise connections and significant overlap ◦ What do we mean by ‘tradition’? ◦ 1a: an inherited, established, or customary pattern of thought, action, or behavior (such as a religious practice or a social custom) ◦ b: a belief or story or a body of beliefs or stories relating to the past that are commonly accepted as historical though not verifiable … ◦ 2: the handing down of information, beliefs, and customs by word of mouth or by example from one generation to another without written instruction ◦ 3: cultural continuity in social attitudes, customs, and institutions ◦ 4: characteristic manner, method, or style in the best liberal tradition GREECE: ANCIENT AND MODERN What we consider ancient Greece was one of the main classical The Modern Greek State was founded in 1830, following the civilizations, making important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, revolutionary war against the Ottoman Turks, which started in astronomy, and medicine. -
Evdokia's Zeibekiko
European Scientific Journal December 2017 edition Vol.13, No.35 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 The Bouzouki’s Signifiers and Significance Through the Zeibekiko Dance Song: "Evdokia’s Zeibekiko" Evangelos Saragatsis Musician, Secondary Education Teacher, Holder Of Postgraduate Diploma Ifigeneia Vamvakidou Professor at the University of Western Macedonia, Greece Doi: 10.19044/esj.2017.v13n35p125 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n35p125 Abstract The objective of this study is to identify the signifiers and significance of the Zeibekiko dance, and those of the bouzouki itself, to a further extent, as they emerge through research conducted in the relevant literature, and which is anchored to those signifiers, as they are highlighted through their presence in material that is obtained from movies. The semiotic analysis of the film “Evdokia”, by A. Damianos (1971), is the research method that is followed. In this context, the main focus is placed on the episode/scene, where Evdokia’s Zeibekiko is displayed on stage. This ‘polytropic’ (polymodal) material that consists of listening to, viewing, playing music, and dancing encompasses a large variety of musicological and gender signifiers that refer to the specific era. The model followed is that of Greimas (1996), as it was used by Lagopoulos & Boklund-Lagopoulou (2016), and Christodoulou (2012), in order to point out those characteristic features that are expressed by the bouzouki, as a musical instrument, through a representative sample of the zeibekiko dance, as it is illustrated in the homonymous film. The analysis of images, as well as of the language message, lead to the emergence of codes, such as the one referring to the gender, and also the symbolic, value, and social codes, and it is found that all these codes agree with the introductory literature research conducted on the zeibekiko dance and the bouzouki. -
Kalliopi Stiga Rhythm and Greekness in the Cities of Mikis Theodorakis
PRINCIPLES OF MUSIC COMPOSING: The Phenomenon of Rhythm | XIII | muzikos komponavimo pRincipai: ritmo fenomenas Kalliopi Stiga Rhythm and Greekness in the Cities of Mikis Theodorakis Four notes and a rhythm, the syrtaki rhythm, were identified with Mikis Theodorakis and Greek music. Figure 1. Zorba's dance It is the melodic-rhythmic theme of Zorba’s dance, which was immortalized in the homonym film “Zorba the Greek” (1964) by the prominent Cypriot filmmaker Michael Cacoyannis. This dance is rooted in traditional Greek music. Namely, the syrtaki dance – a modern and cheerful dance inspired by Theodorakis – emerges from the combination of two Greek folk dances, the hasapiko dance1 and the hasaposerviko dance2. The use of traditional and popular Greek music rhythms is frequent in Theodorakis’ work. The composer was initiated into Greek traditional music during his childhood while he was acquainted with Greek popular music later on, in 1947 during his exile in Ikaria Island, where he heard for the first time the most famous rebetiko song “Captain Andreas Zepos” (Καπετάν Ανδρέα Ζέπο) by Yannis Papaioannou written in syrtos3 rhythm (2/4). Theodorakis was particularly sensitized early on to the concept of the rhythm. During his adolescence, in the early 1940s, he studied thoroughly and he is deeply influenced by the texts of an important Modern Greek poet Costis Palamas4 (1859–1943). He agreed with the poet’s belief that “the rhythm in poetry – the rhythmic walking – symbolizes the rhythm that governs the Universe” (Theodorakis, 1986, vol. 1: 140–141) and moreover, Theodorakis adds the concept of Harmony. “That is, the rhythmic Harmony, which one realizes through the motion of the stars when gazing into the celestial vault.” (Theodorakis, 1986, vol. -
Ottoman Macedonia (Late 14Th – Late 17Th Century)
VI. Ottoman Macedonia (late 14th – late 17th century) by Phokion Kotzageorgis 1. The Ottoman conquest The Ottoman period in Macedonia begins with the region’s conquest in the late 14th cen- tury.1 The Ottoman victory against the combined Serb forces at Çirmen in Evros in 1371 was the turning point that permitted the victors to proceed with ease towards the west and, around a decade later, to cross the river Nestos and enter the geographic region of Mace- donia. 1383 marked their first great victory in Macedonia, the fall of the important administrative centre of Serres.2 By the end of the century all the strategically important Macedonian cities had been occupied (Veroia, Monastir, Vodena, Thessaloniki).3 The process by which the city of Thessaloniki was captured was somewhat different than for the others: it was initially given to the Ottomans in 1387 – after a siege of four years – and re- mained autonomous for a period. In 1394 it was fully incorporated into the Ottoman state, only to return to Byzantine hands in 1403 with the agreement they made with the Otto- mans, drawn up after the (temporary) collapse of the Ottoman state.4 In 1423 the Byzantine governor of the city, Andronikos Palaiologos, handed it over to the Venetians, and the en- suing Venetian period in Thessaloniki lasted for seven years. On 29 March 1430, the Ottoman regiments under Murad II raided and occupied the city, incorporating it fully into their state.5 Ioannis Anagnostis, eyewitness to Thessaloniki’s fall, described the moment at which the Ottomans entered the city:6 Because in those parts they found a number of our people, pluckier than the others and with large stones, they threw them down, along with the stairways, and killed many of them. -
An Ottoman Global Moment
AN OTTOMAN GLOBAL MOMENT: WAR OF SECOND COALITION IN THE LEVANT A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In History By Kahraman Sakul, M.A Washington, DC November, 18, 2009 Copyright 2009 by Kahraman Sakul All Rights Reserved ii AN OTTOMAN GLOBAL MOMENT: WAR OF SECOND COALITION IN THE LEVANT Kahraman Sakul, M.A. Dissertation Advisor: Gabor Agoston, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to place the Ottoman Empire within its proper context in the Napoleonic Age and calls for a recognition of the crucial role of the Sublime Porte in the War of Second Coalition (1798-1802). The Ottoman-Russian joint naval expedition (1798-1800) to the Ionian Islands under the French occupation provides the framework for an examination of the Ottoman willingness to join the European system of alliance in the Napoleonic age which brought the victory against France in the Levant in the War of Second Coalition (1798-1802). Collections of the Ottoman Archives and Topkapı Palace Archives in Istanbul as well as various chronicles and treatises in Turkish supply most of the primary sources for this dissertation. Appendices, charts and maps are provided to make the findings on the expedition, finance and logistics more readable. The body of the dissertation is divided into nine chapters discussing in order the global setting and domestic situation prior to the forming of the second coalition, the Adriatic expedition, its financial and logistical aspects with the ensuing socio-economic problems in the Morea, the Sublime Porte’s relations with its protectorate – The Republic of Seven United Islands, and finally the post-war diplomacy. -
2/2018 Numero 84
2/2018 numero 84 ➢ Pontos to Kolhis -festivaali ➢ Kreikka-viikot Hyvinkäällä ➢ Rebetika-musiikki ➢ Kosmopoliitti Kazantzakis ➢ Kreikan Ystävät, Kuopio, 40v 1 PUHEENJOHTAJALTA Sisältö: Puheenjohtajalta 2 Pontos to Kolhis -festivaali 3-7 Kreikka -viikot Hyvinkäällä 8-10 Rebetika-musiikkia 11-15 Kosmopoliitti Kazantzakis 16-17 Kreikan ystävät, Kuopio 18-19 Kokoukset 8.9.2018 20 Kuuman kesän jälkeen Jäsenyhdistykset 21 Liitto ja liittohallitus 22 Tämä kesä muistetaan vielä pitkään varsinaisena hellekesänä. Jo toukokuussa saatiin useita hellepäiviä ja heinäkuu oli ennätyksellisen kuuma ja kuiva. Mökkiläistä tämä luonnollisesti riemastutti, kun laajan Kansikuva: ja syvän Päijänteenkin pintavesi oli parhaimmillaan 27 astetta. Viime Polykarpos Pavlidis ja Pontoksen kesän sateissa vesi lämpeni vain 16 asteeseen. Haittana oli kuitenkin lyra (Y.V.) erityisesti maanviljelystä vaivannut kuivuus. Julkaisija: Kun meillä hikoiltiin 30 asteen helteissä, Kreikassa lämpötilat ylittivät pitkään 40 astetta. Tällainen kuumuus tuntuu jo tukalalta useimmista turisteistakin, mutta pahimpia olivat rutikuivassa maastossa raivoisasti levinneet tulipalot. Niissä oli Ateenan alueella elokuun puoliväliin men- nessä menehtynyt lähes 100 ihmistä. Toista tuhatta kotia oli tuhoutu- nut ja aineelliset vahingot olivat valtavat. Suomessakin järjestettiin useita tapahtumia avun saamiseksi palojen uhreille. Kesän kuumuu- della saattoi olla vielä keskeinen rooli syyskuisessa Zorba-myrskyssä- Toimitus : kin. Kaikesta huolimatta kotimaassamme on jo alkavassa viileydessä Kaija Kivikoski (K.K.) siirrytty odottamaan syksyn tapahtumia. Yrjö Viinikka (Y.V.) Mikko Piironen (M.P.) Alkavalla syyskaudella on Helsingissä kaksikin merkittävää konsert- titapahtumaa: Purpura-yhtye esiintyy 19.10.teatteri Savoyssa ja Yhteystiedot: 20.10. Berghyddanissa sekä 26.11. kuulemme Musiikkitalossa Mikis Hiekkakivenkuja 3 Theodorakis Orchestraa, jota johtaa Mikiksen tytär ja erikoisvie- 01700 Vantaa, Finland raana on Arja Saijonmaa. Tervetuloa nauttimaan kreikkalaisesta mu- Tel.