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Wood-Rotting Fungi in Eastern China 1. Polypores from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province

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Wood-Rotting Fungi in Eastern China 1. Polypores from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 2008 Band/Volume: 60 Autor(en)/Author(s): Cui B. K., Dai Yu-Cheng, Yuan Hai-Sheng Artikel/Article: Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China 1. Polypores from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province. 25-40 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China 1. Polypores from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province B. K. Cui1, H. S. Yuan2, Y. C. Dai1* 1 Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China 2 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China Cui B. K., Yuan H. S. &. Dai Y. C. (2008) Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China 1. Polypores from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Province. ± Sydowia 60(1): 25±40 Field inventories on wood-rotting fungi from Wuyi Mountains, Fujian Pro- vince of eastern China provided 504 specimens representing 155 species of poly- pores, a list of which is given below with their respective hosts. Hapalopilus flavus is described as new and detailed description is provided. Key words: Hapalopilus flavus, lignicolous and poroid fungi, taxonomy Wood-rotting fungi are an important component of forest eco- systems, decomposing not only coarse woody materials, but they also are critical for maintaining diversity of those ecosystems (Cui et al. 2006). Poroid and corticioid aphyllophoroid fungi share a similar ecology in forest ecosystems (Dai et al. 2004). In eastern China, some mycological books including wood-rotting fungi have been published (Teng 1963, Tai 1979, Zhao 1989, Zhao & Zhang 1992). However, the knowledge of wood-rotting fungi in eastern China is highly frag- mented, and many of the names in previous reports are synonyms. Hattori & Zang (1995) reported 52 species of polypores from several mountains in eastern China, since then a few more species of lig- nicolous and poroid fungi were reported or described from eastern China in the last 10 years (Dai 1999, NuÂnÄ ez & Ryvarden 2000, 2001, Dai & Cui 2005, Cui & Dai 2006, Cui et al. 2006, Wei & Dai 2006, Cui & Dai 2007, Cui et al. 2007). This paper is one of a series of studies dealing with wood-rotting fungi in eastern China. Wuyi Mountains, with an area of 570 square kilometers at an altitude of 350 to 2158 meters a.s.l. are situated in Fujian Province, eastern China (27832'±27855' N, 117824'±118802' E). The vegetation belongs to the warm temperate to subtropical zone and, the main type is the broadleaf evergreen forest (forest coverage: *e-mail: [email protected] 25 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 95.3 %). This region is the largest and most perfectly preserved sub- tropical forest in southeast China. In this area 2, 466 higher and 840 lower plant species, and 475 vertebrate species are reported. The area was established as a national nature reserve in 1979, and it was declared as an International Biosphere Reserve (Man and Biosphere) by UNESCO in 1987. The dominant angiosperm trees are members of Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Theaceae, Magnoliaceae, Hamamelidaceae and Elaeocarpaceae, while the main gymnosperm trees are Pinus mas- soniana and Tsuga chinensis. The knowledge of polypores from Wuyi Mountains is poorly known. Around 30 polypore species were recorded in Wuyi Moun- tains from previous reports (Tai 1979, Teng 1996, Zhao 1998, NuÂnÄez & Ryvarden 2000, Zhao & Zhang 2000, NuÂnÄ ez & Ryvarden 2001, Dai & Cui 2005). Field trips were made to Wuyi Mountains during October of 2005 and August of 2006, and 504 specimens of wood-rotting fungi were collected; out of them 155 polypores were identified. A list of these species with their respective hosts is given below. Materials and methods The specimens collected by the authors were deposited at the herbarium of the Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IFP) and the Herbarium of Beijing Forestry University (BJFC). All the materials were examined applying light microscopy (Nikon Eclipse E600) according to Dai and NiemelaÈ (1997). The fol- lowing abbreviations are used in the text below: L = mean spore length (arithmetical mean of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetical mean of all spores), Q = variation in the L/W ratios between the specimens studied (quotient of the mean spore length and mean spore width of each specimen), n = number of spores measured from given number of specimens. IKI = Melzer's reagent, IKI± = both inamyloid and indextrinoid, KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, and CB = Cotton Blue. CB+ = cyanophilous and CB± = acyanophilous. The upper and lower 5% of the measurements were considered as extreme values and are given in parentheses. The width of a basidium was measured at the thickest part, and the length was measured from the apex (sterigmata excluded) to the basal septum. Sections were studied at magnification up to 61000 by using a Nikon Eclipse E600 microscope and phase contrast illu- mination. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. Special colour terms are according to Petersen (1996) and Anon- ymous (1969). 26 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Taxonomy Hapalopilus flavus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) (Mycobank number: MB 511855) Carpophorum annuum, resupinatum. Facies pororum cremea bubalina; pori rotundi vel angulati, 2±4 per mm. Systema hypharum monomiticum, hyphae gen- eratoriae fibulatae, hyphae contexti 2.6±5.2 mm in diam. Sporae hyalinae, oblongae vel ellipsoideae, IKI±, CB±, 3.5±4.6 mm 6 2.3±3 mm. H o l o t y p u s. ± China. Fujian Prov., Wuyishan County, Wuyishan Nature Reserve, on rotten angiosperm wood, 17.X.2005 Cui 2920 (holotype in IFP, isotype in BJFC & H). Etymology.±Flavus (Lat.): referring to the colour of pore surface when dry. Description ± B a s i d i o m a t a annual, resupinate, inseparable from the substrate, soft corky, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming brittle to corky upon drying, vivid purple red when con- tact with KOH, ca. 13 cm or more in longest dimension, 5 cm or more in widest dimension. Sterile margin distinct, white to cream, up to 2 mm wide. P o re s u r f a c e cream buff when fresh, becoming lemon chrome to buff-yellow upon drying; p o r e s round to angular, 2±4 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire to slightly lacerate. S u b i c u l u m cream to buff, corky, thin, less than 1 mm thick. Tu b e l a y e r con- colorous with pore surface, cream buff when fresh, becoming buff- yellow to lemon chrome upon drying, brittle to woody corky, up to 5 mm long. H y p h a l s y s t e m monomitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, IKI±, CB±; tissue becoming purple red in KOH. S u b i c u l a r h y p h a e hyaline, mostly slightly thick-walled with a distinct lumen, some thin-walled, frequently septate with clamp connections, frequently branched, interwoven, 2.6±5.2 mm in diam. Tu b e s. ± Tr a m a l h y p h a e hyaline, thin- to slightly thick- walled, frequently septate with clamp connections, frequently bran- ched, interwoven in trama, more or less parallel towards dissepiment edges, 2±4.6 mm in diam; swollen capitate hyphal ends usually pre- sent at dissepiment edges, smooth, thin- to slightly thick-walled, up to 8.9 mm in diam. C y s t i d i a absent; c y s t i d i o l e s present, clavate to fusoid, thin-walled, smooth, 13.4 mm ± 19.3 6 3.5±5.8 mm;basidia clavate, with four sterigmata and a basal clamp connection, 12.8± 18.7 mm 6 4.2±6 mm; b a s i d i o l e s in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller. B a s i d i o s p o re s oblong to ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI±, CB±, (3.2±)3.5±4.6(±4.9) mm 6 (2.1±)2.3±3 mm, L = 3.99 mm, W = 2.64 mm, Q = 1.43±1.67 (n = 90/3). Ty p e o f r o t. ± White rot. Additional specimens (paratypes) examined. ± China. Fujian Prov., Wuyishan County, Wuyishan Nature Reserve, on angiosperm stump, 17.X.2005 Cui 2921 (IFP, BJFC); on fallen angiosperm trunk, 19.X.2005 Dai 7220 (IFP, BJFC). 27 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Fig. 1. Microscopic structures of Hapalopilus flavus B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai (drawn from the holotype). a: Basidiospores. b: Basidia and basidioles. c: Cystidioles. d: Hyphae from trama. e: Hyphae from subiculum. f: Swollen, capitate hyphal ends from dissepiment edges. Hapalopilus flavus is characterized by cream buff pore surface when fresh, lemon-chrome to buff-yellow upon drying, a monomitic hyphal structure with clamp connections, swollen capitate hyphal ends at dissepiment edges, oblong to ellipsoid basidiospores, and by becoming vivid purple red when contact with KOH. The new species is morphologically similar to species of Cer- iporiopsis Doman ski, by its annual habit, resupinate and light- coloured basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system bearing clamp 28 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at connections on generative hyphae, and causing white rot (Doman ski 1963). However, the tissue of Ceriporiopsis species remains unchan- ged in KOH. Hapalopilus flavus is very similar to H.
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