Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Statistical Office FSO

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Embargo: 27.09.2011, 9:15

21 Regional and international disparities Neuchâtel, September 2011

Urban Audit Core cities and larger urban zones – unequal neighbours

Enquiries: Samuel Waldis, FSO, Environment, Sustainable development, Territory Section phone: +41 (0)32 713 62 31 Email: [email protected] Order number: 1159-1000

Espace de l’Europe CH-2010 Neuchâtel www.swiss-statistics.ch fsO news

The population of core cities is younger, harder hit by A change occurred between 1990 and 2008. Whereas unemployment and faced with higher crime rates than in 1990 the median age in all ten core cities under obser- the larger urban zones. In addition to the socio-eco­ vation was still higher than in their larger urban zones, in nomic differences between the core cities and their larger 2008 a different picture could be seen: six of the ten urban zones, there are also differences between the core cities showed a lower median age than their larger ­cities of various countries. urban zones.

Younger population in the core cities – this was not always the case

The evolution of the median age is an indication of the trend in population ageing. Between 1990 and 2008 the median age rose continuously in Switzerland’s ten largest larger urban zones: on average from 37.0 to 40.3 years. The same trend, albeit less pronounced, can be observed in the core cities.

Median age Median age trend in core cities and larger urban zones, 1990–2008 G 1

Swiss values: 35.9 (1990), 38.4 (2000), 40.2 (2008)

Winterthur Zurich Bern Biel/Bienne Lucerne Basel St. Gallen Lugano Lausanne Geneva 45

40

35

30 Median age in years 25

0 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008

Core city Larger urban zone

Source: FSO, Communal and cantonal statistical offices © Federal Statistical Office (FSO)

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Young age dependency rate higher in the larger Stronger population growth in the Swiss larger urban zones than in the core cities urban zones than in their core cities

The young and old-age dependency rates indicate the Between 2004 and 2008 population growth was ­ratio of the population at the non-working age (younger stronger overall in the Swiss larger urban zones than in than 20 or older than 64) to the population at the working the core cities. But the annual growth rates of both the age (20 to 64 year-olds). If, for example, the age group of core cities (0.5%) and the larger urban zones (just under the under 20 year-olds is large in comparison to the 20 to 0.7%) are smaller than that of the Swiss population as a 64 year-old group, then the young age dependency rate whole (just over 0.7%). will be high. The reverse situation can be observed in the European The Swiss cities, led by Zurich and Bern, tend to show cities: generally core cities show stronger growth rates lower values when the two demographic rates are added than their larger urban zones. together than the other European cities under observation. In European comparison, Winterthur is the only Swiss In the larger urban zones the young age dependency city to be found among the strongly growing core cities. rates are consistently higher than in the core cities.

Change in total resident population Young and old age dependency rate, 2008 Annual average rate of change in the population, Ratio of persons aged under 20 (young age rate) 2004–2008, in % G 3

and persons aged over 64 (old age rate) to the Swiss value: 0.72% population of 20–64 year olds, in % G 2 Oslo

Swiss value: 26.2% (old-age dependency rate), Winterthur 34.4% (youth dependency rate) Munich Turin Luxembourg Lyon1 Turin Lugano Lugano Biel/Bienne Zurich Besançon1 Leipzig Nürnberg Freiburg i.B. Leipzig Lucerne Hamburg Lausanne Basel Hamburg Winterthur Nürnberg Lucerne Biel/Bienne Lausanne Bern St. Gallen Geneva Munich Basel Oslo St. Gallen Geneva Besançon Freiburg i.B. Lyon Luxembourg

Bern -0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% Core city Larger urban zone Zurich Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices, Eurostat Urban Audit 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Old age dependency rate Young age dependency rate (core city) (core city) Old age dependency rate Young age dependency rate (larger urban zone) (larger urban zone) 1 Data from an earlier period

Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices, Eurostat Urban Audit

© Federal Statistical Office (FSO)

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Dynamic of the population 2004–2008

Basel Zürich Winterthur

Biel/Bienne

Bern St. Gallen

Genève

Lausanne Luzern

National border Cantonal border Communal border Sub-city district borders

0 1 2,5 5 7,5 km L ugano

Average annual change rate of the total resident population between 2004–2008, in % Switzerland 0,72 % *c.c. *l.u.z. ≥ 4,00 Winterthur 1,38 1,30 2,00 – 3,99 Zürich 0,83 0,99 1,00 – 1,99 Bern 0,16 0,27 Biel/Bienne 0,01 – 0,99 0,32 0,46 Luzern 0,52 0,61 -0,99 – -0,00 Basel -0,04 0,28 -1,99 – -1,00 St. Gallen -0,04 0,12 -3,99 – -2,00 Lugano 0,96 0,98 Lausanne 0,48 0,91 ≤ -4,00 Genève 0,13 0,88 no data available *c.c.: core city *l.u.z.: larger urban zone Spatial division: Sub-city districts of the Urban Audit cities

Sources: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices © FSO, ThemaKart, Neuchâtel 2011

For the allocation of zone names see pages 10–11

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Crime: more domestic burglaries in the core cities than Large living spaces in Swiss cities in the larger urban zones The living space per person is greater than in the other The core cities show a systematically higher number of European cities under observation (based on data from domestic burglaries1 than the larger urban zones. On the Population Census of 2000). In both core cities and ­average the value for 2009 in the ten Swiss core cities larger urban zones the Swiss values are on average al- was 4.0 burglaries per 1,000 inhabitants whereas the most 10% higher than the European cities selected here. ­figure in the larger urban zones was 3.3. Both averages The population in the larger urban zones has more living are higher than the national average for Switzerland. space overall than that in the corresponding core cities. The only exception is the city of Geneva which has a slightly higher value in its larger urban zone.

Living space in 2000 Average living space per person, in m2 G 5

Domestic burglaries in 2009 Swiss value: 44 m2 Number of domestic burglaries per 1000 inhabitants G 4 Oslo

Swiss value: 2.5 Lucerne

Geneva St. Gallen

Lausanne Bern Lugano Zurich Basel Lugano Winterthur Berne Biel/Bienne

Biel/Bienne Luxembourg

Basel Munich Zurich Lucerne Hamburg Winterthur Geneva St. Gallen Nürnberg

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lausanne

Core city Larger urban zone Besançon

Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices Freiburg i.B. © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Leipzig

Turin

Lyon

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Core city Larger urban zone

Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical office, Eurostat Urban Audit

© Federal Statistical Office (FSO)

1 Due to differences between international definitions of this indicator, ­European comparability is limited. Therefore, this indicator is only shown for the Swiss cities.

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Swiss cities with lower unemployment – especially in the larger urban zones

In European comparison the Swiss cities demonstrate ­relatively lower unemployment rates. Regarding to the core-cities, male unemployment is generally higher than female unemployment. The ­reverse is true in the larger urban zones: female un­ employment is somewhat higher, corresponding to the values for the whole of Switzerland. For both sexes, unemployment in the larger urban zones is systematically lower than in the core cities.

Unemployment in 2008 Share of unemployed in labour supply, as % G 6

Swiss values: 2.4% (men), 2.8% (women) Leipzig Leipzig

Lyon1 Lyon1

Besançon1 Besançon1

Nürnberg Nürnberg

Geneva Geneva

Freiburg i.B. Freiburg i.B.

Hamburg Hamburg

Luxembourg Luxembourg

Lugano Lugano

Munich Munich

Lausanne Lausanne

Winterthur Winterthur

Biel/Bienne Biel/Bienne

Basel Basel

Lucerne Lucerne

Zurich Zurich

Bern Bern

St. Gallen St. Gallen

Oslo Oslo

Turin Turin

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Core city Larger urban zone

Unemployment rate Unemployment rate Unemployment rate Unemployment rate men women men women

1 Data from an earlier period

Source: FSO, SECO, Eurostat Urban Audit

© Federal Statistical Office (FSO)

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Cultural urban Switzerland – one museum for Geneva has the largest share of female students 7,000 inhabitants Geneva shows the greatest proportion of female In European comparison the Swiss cities in the Urban ­students. Biel/Bienne on the other hand has the greatest Audit enjoy the most museums per inhabitant. On aver- share of male students among the selected cities. The age there is one museum for every 7,000 inhabitants in two Swiss cities with the Federal Institutes of Technol- these 10 cities. ogy, Zurich and Lausanne, as well as Lugano, show ­well-balanced shares as does Switzerland as a whole (49.7% women to 50.3% men). Above all, this indica- tor’s values can be explained by the different courses of Museums in 2008 study offered in the individual cities. Number of museums per 1000 inhabitants G 7

Basel

Lugano Students in tertiary education in 2008

Lausanne Percentage of male and female students at tertiary level (ISCED 5–6) G 8 Winterthur

Bern Swiss values: Male 50.3%, Women 49.7%

Lucerne Biel/Bienne

Zurich St. Gallen

St. Gallen Winterthur

Geneva Lyon

Nürnberg Besançon

Leipzig Hamburg

Oslo Munich

Freiburg i.B. Lausanne

Turin1 Lugano

Munich Nürnberg

Hamburg Zurich

Besançon1 Lucerne

Lyon1 Basel

Luxembourg Turin

Biel/Bienne Bern

0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 Leipzig

1 Data from an earlier period Freiburg i.B.

Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices, Eurostat Urban Audit Oslo

© Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Geneva

Luxembourg

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% Percentage of male students Percentage of female students

Source: FSO (estimate), Eurostat Urban Audit

© Federal Statistical Office (FSO)

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On average just under 8% of total area is devoted to recreation, sport and leisure in the Swiss core cities

The core cities of the ten Swiss cities in the Urban Audit make an average of 7.7% of their area available for ­recreation, sport and leisure activities. In that order, ­Geneva, Zurich and Basel, Switzerland’s 3 largest cities, show the highest values among the core cities. The percentage of the areas referred to is consistently higher in the core cities than in their larger urban zones.

Recreation, sport and leisure areas, 2004/2009 Share of recreation, sport and leisure areas as % of total area G 9

Geneva

Munich

Zurich

Basel

Hamburg

Leipzig

Lausanne

Lucerne

Bern

Nürnberg

Oslo

Biel/Bienne

Winterthur

Freiburg i.B.

Torino

Besançon

St. Gallen1

Lugano1

Lyon

Luxembourg

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% Core city Larger urban zone

1 Results from Land Use Statistics 2004/2009 not yet available

Source: FSO, Eurostat Urban Audit

© Federal Statistical Office (FSO)

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Nomenclature of the sub-city districts of the Urban Audit cities

See map on the next page Gandria Pambio-Noranco Pazzallo Pregassona Viganello Barbengo Carabbia Villa Luganese Centre-Ville Maupas - Valency Sébeillon - Malley Montoie - Bourdonette Montriond - Cour - Ouchy Sous-Gare Montchoisi Florimont - Chissiez Mousquines - Bellevue - Béthusy Vallon Chailly - Rovéréaz - Séchaud Sallaz - Vennes Sauvabelin - Bellevaux Borde Vinet - Pontaise Bossons - Blécherette - Boisy Beaulieu - Grey Vers-chez-les-Blanc Vernand Cité - Centre St-Gervais - Chantepoulet Délices - Grottes Pâquis - Navigation Champel - Roseraie Cluse - Philosophes Jonction - Plainpalais Bâtie - Acacias Eaux-Vives - Lac Florissant - Malagnou - Prieuré Sécheron ONU - Rigot - Vermont Grand-Pré Bouchet - Moillebeau Charmilles - Châtelaine St-Jean - Aire Name of the sub-city district sub-city the of Name LS15 LS16 LS17 LS18 LS19 GE1 GE2 GE3 GE4 GE5 GE6 GE7 GE8 GE9 GE10 GE11 GE12 GE13 GE14 GE15 GE16 LG13 LG14 LG15 LG16 LG17 LG18 LG19 LG20 LS1 LS2 LS3 LS4 LS5 LS6 LS7 LS8 LS9 LS10 LS11 LS12 LS13 LS14 Code Bürgenberg Wald Bürgenberg Altstadt Grossbasel Vorstädte Am Ring Breite St.Alban Gundeldingen Bruderholz Bachletten Gotthelf Iselin St.Johann Kleinbasel Altstadt Clara Wettstein Hirzbrunnen Rosental Matthäus Klybeck Kleinhüningen Winkeln Bruggen Lachen Rosenberg Riethüsli St.Georgen Innenstadt St.Jakob Linsebühl - Dreilinden Rotmonten Langgass-Heiligkreuz St.Fiden Notkersegg Neudorf Aldesago Besso Brè Caprino Cassarate Castagnola Centro Loreto Molino Nuovo Breganzona Cureggia Davesco-Soragno Name of the sub-city district sub-city the of Name LU21 BS1 BS2 BS3 BS4 BS5 BS6 BS7 BS8 BS9 BS10 BS11 BS12 BS13 BS14 BS15 BS16 BS17 BS18 BS19 SG1 SG2 SG3 SG4 SG5 SG6 SG7 SG8 SG9 SG10 SG11 SG12 SG13 SG14 LG1 LG2 LG3 LG4 LG5 LG6 LG7 LG8 LG9 LG10 LG11 LG12 Code Sandrain Kirchenfeld Gryphenhübeli Brunnadern Murifeld Schosshalde Beundenfeld Altenberg Spitalacker Breitfeld Breitenrain Lorraine Bümpliz Oberbottigen Stöckacker Bethlehem Rebberg/Vignoble Altstadt/Vieille ville ville nord Neustadt Nord/Nouvelle Neustadt Süd/Nouvelle ville sud Champagne Bözingen/Boujean Mett/Mâche Nord Madretsch Süd Madretsch Vingelz/Vigneules Oberseeburg-Rebstock Würzenbach-Schädrüti Bellerive-Schlössli Halde-Lützelmatt Wesemlin-Dreilinden Maihof-Rotsee Hochwacht-Zürichstrasse Altstadt-Wey Bramberg-St.Karli Kantonsspital-Ibach Baselstrasse-Bernstrasse Bruch-Gibraltar Obergütsch-Untergütsch Hirschmatt-Kleinstadt Obergrund-Allmend Neustadt-Voltastrasse Unterlachen-Tribschen Sternmatt-Hochrüti Langensand-Matthof Littau Name of the sub-city district sub-city the of Name BE17 BE18 BE19 BE20 BE21 BE22 BE23 BE24 BE25 BE26 BE27 BE28 BE29 BE30 BE31 BE32 BI1 BI2 BI3 BI4 BI5 BI6 BI7 BI8 BI9 BI10 LU1 LU2 LU3 LU4 LU5 LU6 LU7 LU8 LU9 LU10 LU11 LU12 LU13 LU14 LU15 LU16 LU17 LU18 LU19 LU20 Code Wollishofen Leimbach Enge Alt-Wiedikon Friesenberg Sihlfeld Werd Langstrasse Hard Gewerbeschule Escher-Wyss Unterstrass Oberstrass Fluntern Hottingen Hirslanden Witikon Seefeld Mühlebach Weinegg Albisrieden Altstetten Höngg Wipkingen Affoltern Oerlikon Seebach Saatlen Schwamendingen Mitte Hirzenbach Schwarzes Quartier Quartier Weisses Grünes Quartier Gelbes Quartier Rotes Quartier Engeried Felsenau Neufeld Länggasse Stadtbach Muesmatt Holligen Weissenstein Mattenhof Monbijou Weissenbühl Name of the sub-city district sub-city the of Name ZH5 ZH6 ZH7 ZH8 ZH9 ZH10 ZH11 ZH12 ZH13 ZH14 ZH15 ZH16 ZH17 ZH18 ZH19 ZH20 ZH21 ZH22 ZH23 ZH24 ZH25 ZH26 ZH27 ZH28 ZH29 ZH30 ZH31 ZH32 ZH33 ZH34 BE1 BE2 BE3 BE4 BE5 BE6 BE7 BE8 BE9 BE10 BE11 BE12 BE13 BE14 BE15 BE16 Code Altstadt Lind Heiligberg Tössfeld Brühlberg Neuwiesen Talacker Guggenbühl Grüze Hegmatten Hegi Zinzikon Reutlingen Stadel Ricketwil Waser Büelwiesen Waldegg Ganzenbühl Sonnenberg Oberseen Gotzenwil Eidberg Iberg Sennhof Schlosstal Dättnau Eichliacker Rossberg Rosenberg Blumenau Weinberg Oberfeld Lindenplatz Niederfeld Neuburg Hardau Härti Taggenberg Deutweg Gutschick Endliker Rathaus Hochschulen Lindenhof City Name of the sub-city district sub-city the of Name WI1 WI2 WI3 WI4 WI5 WI6 WI7 WI8 WI9 WI10 WI11 WI12 WI13 WI14 WI15 WI16 WI17 WI18 WI19 WI20 WI21 WI22 WI23 WI24 WI25 WI26 WI27 WI28 WI29 WI30 WI31 WI32 WI33 WI34 WI35 WI36 WI37 WI38 WI39 WI40 WI41 WI42 ZH1 ZH2 ZH3 ZH4 Code

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Territorial units: Sub-city districts of the Urban Audit cities

Basel Zürich (ZH..) Winterthur (WI..) (BS..) 30 31 14 19 32 29 18 27 39 13 11 33 16 15 34 12 17 28 16 37 38 32 30 8 10 2 13 17 34 2 10 12 14 26 15 35 31 7 11 9 3 ..1 4 14 33 13 18 5 6 ..1 9 8 12 6 5 2 19 36 26 4 25 10 11 4 3 4116 20 ..1 28 42 15 20 27 18 17 21 7 8 7 23 21 3 40 19 9 22 22 23 24 25 24 29 5 6 Biel/Bienne (BI..)

Bern (BE..) St. Gallen (SG..)

6 ..1 7 5 7 2 10 14 3 26 11 8 8 23 10 4 6 27 4 9 28 25 8 12 32 11 109 24 9 13 543..12 22 3 7 31 1415 19 21 29 17 18 30 12 13 16 20 2 5 6 ..1

Genève (GE..)

12 14 11 Lausanne (LS..) Luzern (LU..) 13 15 4 3 2 16 9 7 ..1 10 6 5 4 8 6 10 20 9 7 3 5 8 2 19 11 12 18 13 14 ..1 16 17 18 19 15

16 National border 13 12 Cantonal border 17 14 2 15 11 Communal border 3 10 21 4 Sub-city district borders ..1 9 5 8 6 7 0 1 2,5 5 7,5 km L ugano (LG..) 20

12 16 9 11 3 17 ..1 10 7 5 13 2 6 8

14 15 4 19

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Spatial division: Sub-city districts of the Urban Audit cities

Sources: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices © FSO, ThemaKart, Neuchâtel 2011

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The Urban Audit in brief

The Urban Audit (UA) launched in June 1998 by the Additional information: ­European Commission, is part of regional and urban policy The detailed data related to this publication as well as as well as the European Union’s cohesion policy. The UA ­additional analyses and information on the Urban Audit in ­collects approximately 350 variables and 300 indicators cov- Switzerland and Europe are available at the following ering a wide range of topics, according to three spatial units address: (larger urban zones, core cities and sub-city districts) Since www.urbanaudit.ch 2005 it has been one of Eurostat’s key activities, carried out annually since 2009. At European level, the data can be obtained here: Switzerland – under the auspices of the Federal Statistical http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu Office (FSO) and the Federal Office for Spatial Development Statistics -> General and Regional Statistics -> Regions and (ARE), together with its ten most populated cities, Zurich, cities -> City statistics – Urban Audit Geneva, Basel, Bern, Lausanne, Winterthur, Lucerne, St. Gal- len, Lugano and Biel/Bienne – is conducting the Urban Audit Imprint for the second time. Its first audit was conducted in 2009. Editor: Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Concept, editor: Samuel Waldis, Barbara Jeanneret European comparison– selected cities Layout: FSO, DIAM Section, prepress / print Two conditions had to be fulfilled for the selection of the Translation: FSO language service European cities that were to be compared with Switzerland: Languages: German, French, Italian and English first, their importance for Switzerland, second the availability (available as pdf file or in printed version) of identical data for several cities. Preference was given to Enquiries: Federal Statistical Office, Environment, cities from neighbouring countries. In order to be consistent, Sustainable Development, Territory Section selected cities without available data on a particular indica- Samuel Waldis, 032 713 62 31 tor for the period of time in question are represented (grey). Barbara Jeanneret, 032 713 62 91 Email: [email protected] Data period Order number: 1159-1000, free of charge The data for the Swiss cities are from 2008 (= reference year Tel.: 032 713 60 60 of the 2010 Urban Audit). The following topics are an Email: [email protected] exception: crime (2009), living conditions (2000) and time Fax: 032 713 60 61 series (various periods). If the data from individual European cities are from an earlier period, this is noted in the relevant graph or chart.

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