Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Statistical Office FSO FSO News Embargo: 27.09.2011, 9:15 21 Regional and international disparities Neuchâtel, September 2011 Urban Audit Core cities and larger urban zones – unequal neighbours Enquiries: Samuel Waldis, FSO, Environment, Sustainable development, Territory Section phone: +41 (0)32 713 62 31 Email: [email protected] Order number: 1159-1000 Espace de l’Europe CH-2010 Neuchâtel www.swiss-statistics.ch fsO news The population of core cities is younger, harder hit by A change occurred between 1990 and 2008. Whereas unemployment and faced with higher crime rates than in 1990 the median age in all ten core cities under obser- the larger urban zones. In addition to the socio-eco- vation was still higher than in their larger urban zones, in nomic differences between the core cities and their larger 2008 a different picture could be seen: six of the ten urban zones, there are also differences between the core cities showed a lower median age than their larger cities of various countries. urban zones. Younger population in the core cities – this was not always the case The evolution of the median age is an indication of the trend in population ageing. Between 1990 and 2008 the median age rose continuously in Switzerland’s ten largest larger urban zones: on average from 37.0 to 40.3 years. The same trend, albeit less pronounced, can be observed in the core cities. Median age Median age trend in core cities and larger urban zones, 1990–2008 G 1 Swiss values: 35.9 (1990), 38.4 (2000), 40.2 (2008) Winterthur Zurich Bern Biel/Bienne Lucerne Basel St. Gallen Lugano Lausanne Geneva 45 40 35 30 Median age in years 25 0 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 1990 2000 2008 Core city Larger urban zone Source: FSO, Communal and cantonal statistical offices © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) 3 fsO news Young age dependency rate higher in the larger stronger population growth in the swiss larger urban zones than in the core cities urban zones than in their core cities The young and old-age dependency rates indicate the Between 2004 and 2008 population growth was ratio of the population at the non-working age (younger stronger overall in the Swiss larger urban zones than in than 20 or older than 64) to the population at the working the core cities. But the annual growth rates of both the age (20 to 64 year-olds). If, for example, the age group of core cities (0.5%) and the larger urban zones (just under the under 20 year-olds is large in comparison to the 20 to 0.7%) are smaller than that of the Swiss population as a 64 year-old group, then the young age dependency rate whole (just over 0.7%). will be high. The reverse situation can be observed in the European The Swiss cities, led by Zurich and Bern, tend to show cities: generally core cities show stronger growth rates lower values when the two demographic rates are added than their larger urban zones. together than the other European cities under observation. In European comparison, Winterthur is the only Swiss In the larger urban zones the young age dependency city to be found among the strongly growing core cities. rates are consistently higher than in the core cities. Change in total resident population Young and old age dependency rate, 2008 Annual average rate of change in the population, Ratio of persons aged under 20 (young age rate) 2004–2008, in % G 3 and persons aged over 64 (old age rate) to the Swiss value: 0.72% population of 20–64 year olds, in % G 2 Oslo Swiss value: 26.2% (old-age dependency rate), Winterthur 34.4% (youth dependency rate) Munich Turin Luxembourg Lyon1 Turin Lugano Lugano Biel/Bienne Zurich Besançon1 Leipzig Nürnberg Freiburg i.B. Leipzig Lucerne Hamburg Lausanne Basel Hamburg Winterthur Nürnberg Lucerne Biel/Bienne Lausanne Bern St. Gallen Geneva Munich Basel Oslo St. Gallen Geneva Besançon Freiburg i.B. Lyon Luxembourg Bern -0.5% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% Core city Larger urban zone Zurich Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices, Eurostat Urban Audit 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Old age dependency rate Young age dependency rate (core city) (core city) Old age dependency rate Young age dependency rate (larger urban zone) (larger urban zone) 1 Data from an earlier period Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices, Eurostat Urban Audit © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) 4 fsO news Dynamic of the population 2004–2008 Basel Zürich Winterthur Biel/Bienne Bern St. Gallen Genève Lausanne Luzern National border Cantonal border Communal border Sub-city district borders 0 1 2,5 5 7,5 km L ugano Average annual change rate of the total resident population between 2004–2008, in % Switzerland 0,72 % *c.c. *l.u.z. ≥ 4,00 Winterthur 1,38 1,30 2,00 – 3,99 Zürich 0,83 0,99 1,00 – 1,99 Bern 0,16 0,27 Biel/Bienne 0,01 – 0,99 0,32 0,46 Luzern 0,52 0,61 -0,99 – -0,00 Basel -0,04 0,28 -1,99 – -1,00 St. Gallen -0,04 0,12 -3,99 – -2,00 Lugano 0,96 0,98 Lausanne 0,48 0,91 ≤ -4,00 Genève 0,13 0,88 no data available *c.c.: core city *l.u.z.: larger urban zone Spatial division: Sub-city districts of the Urban Audit cities Sources: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices © FSO, ThemaKart, Neuchâtel 2011 For the allocation of zone names see pages 10–11 5 fsO news Crime: more domestic burglaries in the core cities than Large living spaces in swiss cities in the larger urban zones The living space per person is greater than in the other The core cities show a systematically higher number of European cities under observation (based on data from domestic burglaries1 than the larger urban zones. On the Population Census of 2000). In both core cities and average the value for 2009 in the ten Swiss core cities larger urban zones the Swiss values are on average al- was 4.0 burglaries per 1,000 inhabitants whereas the most 10% higher than the European cities selected here. figure in the larger urban zones was 3.3. Both averages The population in the larger urban zones has more living are higher than the national average for Switzerland. space overall than that in the corresponding core cities. The only exception is the city of Geneva which has a slightly higher value in its larger urban zone. Living space in 2000 Average living space per person, in m2 G 5 Domestic burglaries in 2009 Swiss value: 44 m2 Number of domestic burglaries per 1000 inhabitants G 4 Oslo Swiss value: 2.5 Lucerne Geneva St. Gallen Lausanne Bern Lugano Zurich Basel Lugano Winterthur Berne Biel/Bienne Biel/Bienne Luxembourg Basel Munich Zurich Lucerne Hamburg Winterthur Geneva St. Gallen Nürnberg 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lausanne Core city Larger urban zone Besançon Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical offices Freiburg i.B. © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Leipzig Turin Lyon 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Core city Larger urban zone Source: FSO, communal and cantonal statistical office, Eurostat Urban Audit © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) 1 Due to differences between international definitions of this indicator, European comparability is limited. Therefore, this indicator is only shown for the Swiss cities. 6 fsO news swiss cities with lower unemployment – especially in the larger urban zones In European comparison the Swiss cities demonstrate relatively lower unemployment rates. Regarding to the core-cities, male unemployment is generally higher than female unemployment. The reverse is true in the larger urban zones: female un- employment is somewhat higher, corresponding to the values for the whole of Switzerland. For both sexes, unemployment in the larger urban zones is systematically lower than in the core cities. Unemployment in 2008 Share of unemployed in labour supply, as % G 6 Swiss values: 2.4% (men), 2.8% (women) Leipzig Leipzig Lyon1 Lyon1 Besançon1 Besançon1 Nürnberg Nürnberg Geneva Geneva Freiburg i.B. Freiburg i.B. Hamburg Hamburg Luxembourg Luxembourg Lugano Lugano Munich Munich Lausanne Lausanne Winterthur Winterthur Biel/Bienne Biel/Bienne Basel Basel Lucerne Lucerne Zurich Zurich Bern Bern St. Gallen St. Gallen Oslo Oslo Turin Turin 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Core city Larger urban zone Unemployment rate Unemployment rate Unemployment rate Unemployment rate men women men women 1 Data from an earlier period Source: FSO, SECO, Eurostat Urban Audit © Federal Statistical Office (FSO) 7 fsO news Cultural urban switzerland – one museum for Geneva has the largest share of female students 7,000 inhabitants Geneva shows the greatest proportion of female In European comparison the Swiss cities in the Urban students. Biel/Bienne on the other hand has the greatest Audit enjoy the most museums per inhabitant. On aver- share of male students among the selected cities. The age there is one museum for every 7,000 inhabitants in two Swiss cities with the Federal Institutes of Technol- these 10 cities. ogy, Zurich and Lausanne, as well as Lugano, show well-balanced shares as does Switzerland as a whole (49.7% women to 50.3% men).