ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY - Revised
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FUND FOR NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ROADS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Final Construction of Corridor X, Highway E – 75, Section Demir Kapija – Smokvica ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY - Revised Skopje, March 2008 Foreword to the revised study (March, 2008) The original EIA study of the section Demir Kapija - Smokvica of the highway E-75 (Corridor X) was prepared in April 2007. It was based upon comparison of two alternatives, named Alternative A and Alternative B. The final recommendation of that EIA study was inconclusive since both alternatives had very negative impacts on the natural environment (in the case of Alternative B) or human environment and higher construction costs (Alternative A). As a result of the process of revision of the EIA study a new proposal was elaborated for Alternative B in order to overcome the most negative impacts of this alternative. The original route of Alternative B was passing through the right side of Demir Kapija canyon and over the Bela Voda cave. The new proposal contains solution that avoids the right side of the narrowest part of the Demir Kapija canyon and completely avoids Bela Voda cave. The new design of Alternative B overlaps with Alternative A from the beginning point and all the way to the exit of the tunnel in the left side of Demir Kapija canyon. After this point, routs of Alternative A and Alternative B split. The route of new Alternative B crosses Vardar river (newly proposed bridge) and joints the old route of Alternative B at point 2 km +100, The analysis of impacts of Alternative B in this revised study is based only on the new alignment of Alternative B and already analyzed Alternative A. Hence, the term Alternative B in this study refers to the new alignment of Alternative B. Analysis of old Alternative B can be found in the EIA study prepared in April 2007. Consequently, there are changes in the - length of Alternative B (new one is 32.3 km and theold one was 27.7 km); - number and length of tunnels, bridges and different crossing types (rivers, streams, existing roads) for Alternative B; - corridor area of Alternative B and combined corridor area of both alternatives; - surfaces of land use types in the case of Alternative B and combined for both alternatives; - sensitivity estimation for natural environment for Alternative B; - sensitivity estimation for settlements (Demir Kapija town) and archaeological sites for Alternative B; - estimation of impacts on natural environment (Bela Voda cave, Greek Juniper community) and human environment. Besides these changes, the text was improved and some of the old charts were corrected and replaced (land use, sensitivity etc.). A new Habitat map (Appendix I.4.) was produced which represents slight modification of the habitat map produced in the study of April 2007. The same is true for the Sensitivity map (Appendix I.5.). EIA Study: Final Construction of Corridor X, Highway E – 75, 2 Section Demir Kapija – Smokvica DATA ON THE PROPONENT Proponent: FUND FOR NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ROADS Register number: 4089600 Location: Ul. "Dame Gruev" Br. 14 Skopje Statutory representative for the Natasha Valkanovska, Director Proponent: Tel., E-mail 02 3118 044 e-mail [email protected] EIA Study: Final Construction of Corridor X, Highway E – 75, 3 Section Demir Kapija – Smokvica EXPERT TEAM (REVISED STUDY, March 2008) Team leader: Dr. Ljupcho Melovski Participants: Dr. Slavcho Hristovski Metodija Velevski Vasko Avukatov EIA Study: Final Construction of Corridor X, Highway E – 75, 4 Section Demir Kapija – Smokvica TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................... 12 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 27 I. 1. THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY................................................................................................................28 I. 2. METHODOLOGY APPLIED WITH SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE CONTENT OF THE STUDY..................................................................................................................................................29 II. BASIC DATA ........................................................................................................................ 31 II. 1. DATA ON THE PROJECT/INTENTION ....................................................................................31 II.1.1. PROJECT SCOPE .................................................................................................................31 II.1.2. PROJECT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS.....................................................................................34 II.1.2.1. Data on inputs..................................................................................................................34 II.1.2.1.1. Raw materials and energy resources during construction:.......................................34 II.1.2.1.2. Raw materials and energy resources for operation ..................................................36 II.1.2.1.3. Demands on auxiliary structures (access roads, borrow pits etc.)............................37 II.1.2.2. Data on outputs................................................................................................................37 II. 2. SPECIFICATION OF MISSING INFORMATION AND UNCERTAINTIES, WHICH APPEARED DURING ELABORATION OF THE STUDY.................................................................37 III. PROCEDURE FOR ELABORATION OF THE STUDY.................................................... 39 III. 1. LEGAL ASPECTS ............................................................................................................................39 III.1.1. Short description of the EIA procedure ................................................................................39 III.1.1.1. Notification on the intention for project implementation...............................................39 III.1.1.2. Screening........................................................................................................................39 III.1.1.3. Scoping...........................................................................................................................40 III.1.1.4. Public participation ........................................................................................................40 III.1.1.5. Review of the EIA Study ...............................................................................................41 III.1.1.6. Granting consent ............................................................................................................41 III.1.2. Transboundary impacts ........................................................................................................42 III.1.3. Other Laws and documents ..................................................................................................42 III.1.4. Ratified Conventions.............................................................................................................42 III.1.5. World Bank regulations on EIA............................................................................................43 III. 2. SPATIAL PLAN...............................................................................................................................43 III.2.1. Tourism development............................................................................................................43 III.2.2. Protected areas.....................................................................................................................44 III.2.2.1. Chelevechka (Iberliska) Reka ........................................................................................45 III.2.2.2. Demir Kapija..................................................................................................................45 IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA OF INTEREST...................................................... 47 IV. 1. CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS.............................................................................................47 IV.1.1. Air temperature.....................................................................................................................48 IV.1.2. Precipitation .........................................................................................................................50 IV.1.3. Winds.....................................................................................................................................51 IV. 2. GEOMORPHOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS...........................................................................52 IV.2.1. Relief .....................................................................................................................................52 IV.2.2. Important geomorphologic structures ..................................................................................53 IV.2.2.1. Aboveground geomorphologic structures......................................................................53 IV.2.2.2. Belowground geomorphologic structures (caves)..........................................................54 IV. 3. GEOLOGIC AND TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS...............................................................................55 IV.3.1. Geologic structure.................................................................................................................55 IV.3.1.1. Engineering geological characteristics of the rock masses