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TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE Chapter 32: Introduction to Animal Evolution MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the one best answer. 1. Sponges differ from the rest of the animals be cause a. they are completely sessile. b. they have radial symmetry and are suspension- feeders. c -theirsimpIe-body structure rLas-notrue-nssues—-- and they have a unique embryology. d. they are not multicellular. e. they have no flagellated cells. 7. Which of the following is not descriptive of a 2.. An. insect larva pseudocoelomate? a. is a miniature version of the adult. a. a body cavity incompletely lined by mesoderm b. is transformed into an adult by molting. b. bilateral symmetry c. ensures more genetic variation in the insect life c. triploblastic cycle. d. true tissues d. is a sexually immature organism specialized e. schizocoelous formation of body cavity for eating and growth. e. is all of the above. 8. According to evidence from developmental genetics, the last common ancestor of the bilateral 3. Cephalization animals may have been a. is the development of bilateral symmetry. a. a parazoan that resembled a sponge. b. is the formation of a coelom by budding from b. a complex animal with a head, a longitudinal the archenteron. nerve cord, and a segmented body with legs. c. is a diagnostic characteristic of deuterostomes. c. a simple bilateral animal with no specializa d. is common in radially symmetrical animals. tion. e. is associated with motile animals that concen d. a colonial flagellated protist. trate sensory organs in a head region. e. a pseudocoelomate such as a roundworm. 4. A true coelom a. is found in deuterostomes. b. is found in protostomes. 9. Which of the following was probably not a factor c. is a fluid-filled cavity completely lined by contributing to the Cambrian explosion? mesoderm. a. the emergence or predator—prey relationships d. may be used as a hydrostatic skeleton by soft- between animals bodied coelomates. b. the accumulation of diverse adaptations such e. is all of the above. as shells and different modes of locomotion c. the movement of animals onto land 5. Which of the following is descriptive of proto d. the evolution stomes? of mechanisms that controlled the expression of developmental genes a. radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore e. the accumulation of sufficient atmospheric becomes m.outh oxygen to support the more active metabolism b. spiral and indeterminate cleavage, coelom required of more mobile animals forms as split in solid mass of mesoderm c. spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore 10. The oldest known animals becomes mouth, S hizocoelous development a. were colonies of flagellated protists. d. spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore b. were acoelomate worms. • becomes mouth, enterocoelous development c. were sponges of the radiata. e. radial and determinate cleavage, enterocoelous d. were soft-bodied creatures from the Ediacaran development, blastopore becomes anus period. e. were from the Cambrian explosion at the 6. A gastrovascular cavity beginning of the Paleozoic era. a. functions in both digestion and circulation and has a single opening. b. has a large incurrent siphon and smaller excur rent pores. c. is found in the phyla Cnidarja, Platy qg helminthes, and Rotifera. d. develops from the hollow blastula stage. p •ot p.z e. forms from a split in mesoderm. :3noif aidzinW ___________ Chapter 33: Invertebrates 245 9. sea urchin K INTERACTIVE QUESTION 33.10 10. hydra List the key characteristics that distinguish the phy lum Echinodermata. 11. planaria a. 12. chambered nautilus b. Phyla Classes A. Annelida a. Arachnida B. Arthropoda b. Bivalvia C. Cnidaria c. Cephaiopoda P. Echinodermata d. Cestoidea E. Mollusca e. Crustacea E Nematoda f. Echinoidea Phylum Chordata: The chordates include I G. Nemertea g. Gastropoda two invertebrate subphyla and all vertebrates (626) H. Platyhelminthes h. Hirudinea Porifera i. Hydrozoa Echinoderms and chordates share deuterostome I. developmenta.l characteristics but have existed as sep.. J. Rotifera j. Insecta arate phyla for at least 500 million years. k. Oligochaeta 1. Scyphozoa m.Turbellaria STRUCTURE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Choose answer. 1. Return to the concept map or diagram you made MULTIPLE CHOICE: the one best in Chapter 32 of the broad groups in the kingdom 1. Invertebrates include Animalia. Review those evolutionary branch a. all animals except for the phylum Vertebrata. points and then add the major phyla included in b. all animals without backbones. each group. Include common examples of animals c. only animals that use hydrostatic skeletons. in each phylum. d. members of the parazoa, radiata, and proto stomes, but not of the deuterostomes. e. all the animals that evolved in the Cambrian explosion. TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 2. Which of the following is the best description of the phylum Porifera? MATCHING: Match the following organisms with their a. radial symmetry, diploblastic, cnidocytes for classes and phyla. Answers may be used more than once or capturing prey not at all. b. radial symmetry, triploblastic, nematocysts for protection Phylum Class Organism c. radial symmetry, without true tissues, 1. jelly (jellyfish) choanocytes for trapping food partides d. bilateral symmetry, pseudocoel, flame cells for 2. crayfish excretion 3. snail e. bilateral symmetry, osculum and spongocoel for filtering water 4. leech 3. Which of the following does not have a gastrovas 5. tapeworm cular cavity for digestion? ) 6. cricket a. flatworm b. hydra 7. scallop c. polychaete worm 8. tick d. sea anemone e. fluke 246 Llnit Five: The Evolutionary History of Biological Diversity of the is either not an excretory 4. Why is the phylogenetic position of the lopho 8. Which following matched with its class? phorate animals uncertain? structure or is incorrectly a. They have a distinct lophophore surrounding a. metanephridia—Oligoci-kaeta the mouth that is not found in any other phy b. Malpighian tubules—Echinoidea luni. c. flame cells—Turbellaria b. Their embryonic development resembles that d. thin region of cuticle—Crustacea e-±ion• across cell membranes—Hydrozoa - -- systemat-- - ofthe:: deuterostornes- but: molecular: ics places them closer to the protostomes. 9. Torsion c. They have excretory, sensory, and nervous sys a. is embryonic asymmetric growth that results in but tems that are most similar to the flatworms, a U-shaped digestive tract in gastropods. the fluid-filled sac that operates their proboscis b. is characteristic of mollusks. may be homologous to a coelom. c. is responsible for the spiral growth of bivalve d. They have no representatives in the fossil shells. totally record, so their evolutionary history is d. describes the thrashing movement of nema unknown. todes. but e. They have radial symmetry like the radiate e. is responsible for the metamorphosis of insects. a pseudocoelom like a nematode. 10. Bivalves differ from other mollusks in that they 5. Hermaphrodites a. are predaceous. usually a. contain male and female sex organs but b. have no heads and are suspension-feeders. cross-fertilize. c. have shells. most b. include sponges, earthworms, and ci. have open circulatory systems. insects. e. use a radula to feed as they burrow through c. are characteristically found in parthenogenic sand. rotifers. d. arebothaandb. II. The exoskeleton of arthropods for mus e. are a, b, and c. a. functions in protection arid anchorage des. 6. Which of the following is not true of criidaxians? b. is composed of chitin and cellulose. stage is a. An alternation of medusa and polyp c. is absent in millipedes arid centipedes. common in the class Hydrozoa. d. expands at the joints when the arthropod sting b. They use a ring of tentacles armed with grows. ing cells to capture prey. e. functions in respiration and movement. c. They include hydras, jellies, sea anemones, and planarians. 12. Which of the following is true of the subgroup d. They have a nerve net that coordinates contrac uniramians? tion of microfilaments for movement. a. The horseshoe crab is the one surviving marine e. They have a gastrovascular cavity. member of this group. b. It contains the primarily aquatic crustaceans. of phylum 7. Which of the following combinations c. It contains insects, centipedes, and millipedes, and characteristics is incorrect? characterized by their unbrariched appendages. diges a. Nemertea—proboscis worm, complete d. It is characterized by jaw]ike mandibles, anten tive tract nae, compound eyes, and includes all arthro of cilia, b. Rotifera—parthenogenesis, crown pods except the chelicerates. microscopic animals e. It includes the extinct trilobites and euryp cuti c. Nematoda—gastrovascular cavity, tough tends. cle, ubiquitous ci. Annelida—segmentation, closed circulation, hydrostatic skeleton 6 e. Echinodermata—radial symmetry, endoskele water vascular system ton, qot q17 :23iozj 3tI UI H •fl q 3 ‘D 0I 1a9 a 6 PH g ID i :Zuzipv SELEQ,UIZc 8. Among the characteristics unique to animals 1. The distinction between the parazoans and eumetazoans is based is a. gastrulation mainly on the absence versus the presence of ci flagellated sperm b. multicellularity e. heterotrophy a. body cavities c. sexual reproduction b. a complete digestive tract 9. Which of the c. true tissues following combinations of phylum and description -. - &-acirculatory system is incorrect? e. mesoderm a. Echinodermata—branch bilateria, coelom from archenteron b. Nematoda_-roundwo 2. As a group, acoelomates are tharacterized pseudocdelomate by c. Cnidaria—radial symmetry, gastrovasciilar cavity a. ga.strovascular cavities d. Platyhelminthes_flatworm, gastrovascuiar cavity (in most b. the absence of mesoden-n species), acoelomate c. deuterostome development e. Porifera—ga.strovascular cavity mouth from llastopore ci a coelom that is not completely lined with mesoderin 10. Which of the e. a solid body without a cavity surrounding internal organs following subdivisions of the animal kingdom encompasses all the others in the list? 3. Which of the following is not descriptive of deuterostomes? a. protostomes ci coelornates a. radial cleavage b. bilateria e. deuterostornes b. includes humans c.
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