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Sarin Ia in Ancient Times

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SAR I N I A I N ANCIENT TIMES I - IER M A E S . OUCI I . j , . “ AUTHOR op S PAI N UND ER ms ROMAN E MPI RE S YRI A As A ROMAN PROV I NCE OXFORD B . H . BLAC KW E LL , BROAD STRE E T 1 9 1 7 NEW YORK D NGM NS GR D URTH V U O A N AN CC . FO A N . EE . E E. AND THIRTIETH STREET CONTE NTS CHAN T" INTROD UCTION THE pRE meRI c AGE D Y — P P II . LEGEN AR HIS TORY NATIVE EO LES TH III . E CARTHAGINIAN S UPREMACY I U P D U AND M V . NAT RAL RO CTS COM ERCE ' THE P B pR N V . RE U LICAN v cE VI . CARALES V I I Y MP E . THE EARL E IR O S D V III . THE CHIEF CITIES F AR INIA MP IX. THE LATER E IRE U AND S X . ARCHITECT RE THE ART XI G . RELI ION BIBLIOGRAPHY IND EX S A R D I NI A I N A NC I E NT T I M E S INTROD UCTION THE features of interest presented by a small and poor provincenecessarily differ from thoseof one O ERRATA. ’ . 22 or atrr éi read p , f e em rea d Pa ro m. note1 or Para p 5 5 , , f e last l n in er t beoreootnot . i e s p 7 5 , , 3 f f ea d S evins. 1 0 note1 or S ervius r p 4 , , f 1 n e or r 0 . 0 o t 1 ea d p 9 , 3 , f 3 3 . 1 lin 1 r r 8 e 2 ead 0 . o 80 p 4 , , f 5 59 eontolo ia read aletno . 1 8 1 last lin eof first a ra ra h or al p , p g p , f p g p lo ia g . 1 2 firs lineof s c n ara ra h or mediaevaleread medioe . 8 t eo d p , p g p , f vale . ' pn rmn vc m m o r wmc n t n c arc i n t cC Lu r cu a rm ar s c rema ns arenumerous and var ed for the ti ti i i , flourishing Phoenician colonies which fringed the sou ern and western s ores dur n several centur es th h i g i , and for theproof heregiven of thestimulating and consolidating effect Of Roman ruleeven amidst n r mis n s d s or ar h sland rs u p o i g urroun ing . N et ei e S A R D I NI A I N A NC I E NT T I M E S INTROD UCTION THE features of interest presented by a small and po or provincenecessarily differ from thoseof one f o f thegreat and profitabledependencies o Rome. NO l ter r sc ool h ad its or ns in ard n a no l ne i a y h igi S i i , i o f emperors; n or did any religious or other in flu ences eend from ereover the oman orl xt h R w d . Fr omtheend Of thePunic wars down to theVandal c o n ues theml ar hi s or is uneven ful and the q t i it y t y t , ar chaeological remains areso far fromimposing that therecent historian of theRoman municipal system remarks: NO possessions ever held by Romeshow ’ - f to day so few traces o her ascen dency . Yet Sardinia merits theattention which has been [ a d al an and o er arc aeolo s s ali efor the p i by It i th h gi t , k primitivecivilization Of which thearchitectural and ar s c remai ns arenumerous and var ed for the ti ti i , flourishing Phoenician colonies which fringed the s u ern and wes ern s ores dur n several centur es o th t h i g i , and for theproof heregiven of thestimulating and consolidating effect Of Roman ruleeven amidst un romis n s rr und s or ar th slan r p i g u o ing . N e ei des Introduction ms wor d h u lders of the elves un thy of stu y . T eb i thereat fortresses and seulc res thedes ners Of g p h , ig theua n ron efi ures an mal s and vo ves s q i t b z g , i , ti hip , r meresav s h d n nc l weenot age. They a an i vi ib e loveof freedom an d for cen ur es w s ood vas l , t i ith t t y su er or armes disla n a mar al s ri ch p i i , p yi g ti pi t whi has again characterized theSardinian regiments in thestruggleto redeem their coun trymen from r n r s n s ld in s in Aust ia Opp esion. Evewhen o gang the oman slave- mar e t e ma n ta ned er R k t , h y i i th i fieceand un end n demean r I n h M r b i g ou . t e iddle Ages their local republics wereamong thefew examples of that typeof government then in exist l ence. ast ard n a theonl remnan of free L y, S i i , y t Italy during theNapoleonic régime,gaveits name to the n dom h c en foren nd do es ki g w i h, wh ig a m tic ran s had een eelled was to em racetheen re ty t b xp , b ti nation . For thephilologist theisland dialect has a special n eres as reservin man a n forms nd i t t , p g y L ti a words ess corru ed t an omeor en l ve lorencesel pt h R F it f . Sardinian history was first put on something of a scientific basis by Manno and sometwenty years later thetravels of La Marmora led to the den ifica on of a rea num er of oman s es i t ti g t b R it , an d thecataloguing of theremains of antiquity of Th s as c var ous nds. een u anon ano i ki th i ti C Sp , ed or of thelocal ma a neBulletino Archeolo ico it g zi , g do for man ears carr ed on thesames ud ar . S , y y i t y Nearly 600 Latin inscriptions wereready for the tenth volumeof theCorpus I nscriptiomcm Lati n . 2 Introduction amm This number has been greatly in creased su seen d scover es em d ed for the by b qu t i i , bo i ' ’ most ar in theNotzz iedei S cam and oen c an p t , Ph i i scr s l is in iption havereceived c oseattention . It unnecessar d ell on thela ours of ais a roni y to w b P , P t , Nissa rdi n a Taramelli and er al ans , Pi z , , oth It i , besides representatives of theBritish School at Th c r m a en car Rome. eprehistori eains h veb e e ull eam ned and o ra ed and a c vl a on f y x i phot g ph , i i iz ti has been brought to light contemporaneous with at -of the cenaean eles and a ar en l th My p op , pp t y o s ss n a h m eer p s ei g sometraderel tions wit the. Wh th s c vl a n was s a c fr can or er an is thi i i iz tio A i ti , A i , Ib i , still disputed ; and as only theconclusion of a trained arc aeolo s is of an we averefrained h gi t y ight , I h from e r ss n defin eo n Th m xp ei g a it pi ion . e ost ro a levew is er a s a ard n a was c l n p b b i , p h p , th t S i i o o iz ed a s ccess n of mm ran s fr m fr ca by u io i ig t o A i , who had been previously brought into contact with the as ern ed erranean races lethes r n E t M it , whi t o g Iberian tradition may b edueto early connections with therich commercial tribeof Tartessians who ccu ed ou ern n Thealanc of a r o pi S th Spai . b e utho ity is now rather agai nst theidentification Of the Shardina (a body of mercenaries who fought at first a a ns and af er ards in the a of ameses g i t t w p y R II . of Egypt in thefourteenth century with the ard n an s e er eforeor after er selemen , S i i , ith b th i tt t ' in theisland . Their costumeand arms areclearly ortra ed in ean an monumen s b ut I ' p y xt t Egypti t , ( O not closely resemblethoseof theSardinian bronz es 3 Introduction For theh s r c er od our nf rma ion is scan i to i p i i o t ty , es ec all en a er theclose theec nd p i y wh , ft of S o Punic W ar ardin a ceased to avem r , S i h uch st ategic im portance; and under theEmpireits history is l nscr o largey a blank .
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    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI CAGLIARI DIPARTIMENTO DI STORIA, BENI CULTURALI E TERRITORIO LAYERS Archeologia Territorio Contesti 1 – 2016 DAEDALEIA LE TORRI NURAGICHE OLTRE LʼETÀ DEL BRONZO Atti del Convegno di Studi (Cagliari, Cittadella dei Musei, 19-21 aprile 2012) a cura di ENRICO TRUDU, GIACOMO PAGLIETTI, MARCO MURESU Comitato Scientifico del Convegno Simonetta Angiolillo, Rossana Martorelli, Giuseppa Tanda, Riccardo Cicilloni, Marco Giuman, Fabio Pinna Layers 1, 2016, 406-423 Sardi Ilienses (Livio, XLI, 12, 4) Raimondo Zucca Riassunto: L’evoluzione possibile della cultura delle comunità indigene della Sardegna dalla prima età del Ferro fino alla possibile ed eccezionale acquisizione della forma urbana, in periodo punico, ci porta a riflettere sui modelli da applicare ai dati culturali di contesti distinti dagli ambiti urbani fenici e cartaginesi e dei territori di pertinenza connessi alla diretta colonizzazione punica, benché in essi sia possibile cogliere elementi culturali Sardi. Attualmente il modello riferito alla cultura sarda della Prima età del Ferro e delle età successive è quello degli Entangled Objects and Hybrid Practices. Parole chiave: Sardi Ilienses Iolaeis; villaggio; città; ibridismo. Abstract: The possible development of the culture of the indigenous communities of Sardinia, from the early Iron Age to the acquisition of the urban settlement in the Punic period, leads us to a reflection on the applying models to the different Phoenician and Carthaginian urban archaeological contexts and the areas directly related to the Carthaginian colonization, although it could be possible to find cultural Sardinian elements. Currently the model refers to the Sardinian culture of the First Iron Age and later ages is that of Entangled Objects and Hybrid Practices.
  • Roma En Sardinia a Comienzos Del Siglo II AC

    Roma En Sardinia a Comienzos Del Siglo II AC

    GLADIUS Estudios sobre armas antiguas, arte militar y vida cultural en oriente y occidente XXXVI (2016), pp. 77-95 ISSN: 0436-029X doi: 10.3989/gladius.2016.0005 ROMA EN SARDINIA A COMIENZOS DEL SIGLO II A. C.: LA CAMPAÑA DE TIBERIO GRACO EL MAYOR ROME IN SARDINIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 2ND CENTURY BC: THE CAMPAIGN OF TIBERIUS GRACCHUS THE ELDER POR ANDONI LLAMAZARES MARTÍN* RESUMEN - ABSTRACT Sardinia fue uno de los primeros espacios en los que la República Romana implantó el sistema de provinciae, lo cual no significa que Roma consiguiera un control efectivo sobre la isla. A pesar de su conquista temprana, Cerdeña fue foco de constantes revueltas durante siglos, incluso en época imperial. Sin embargo, fueron pocos los generales de envergadura que hicieron frente a dichos conflictos. Entre esos pocos hombres, en las etapas iniciales del dominio romano sobresale sin ninguna duda Tiberio Graco el Mayor, padre de los famosos tribunos de la plebe, que en calidad de cónsul consiguió pacificar la isla durante su campaña (177-175 a. C.). Si tenemos en cuenta que las dotes políticas de Graco fueron más admiradas que sus cualidades militares, podemos concluir que sus habili- dades como reformador, administrador y diplomático resultaron claves para conseguir el éxito en Sardinia, donde las revueltas parecen tener un componente económico. Sardinia was one of the first places were the Roman Republic established the provincial system, but that did not suppose an effective control over the island. Despite its early conquest, Sardinia was the scene of constant re- bellions for centuries, even in imperial times.