SAR I N I A I N ANCIENT TIMES I - IER M A E S . OUCI I . j , . “ AUTHOR op S PAI N UND ER ms ROMAN E MPI RE S YRI A As A ROMAN PROV I NCE OXFORD B . H . BLAC KW E LL , BROAD STRE E T 1 9 1 7 NEW YORK D NGM NS GR D URTH V U O A N AN CC . FO A N . EE . E E. AND THIRTIETH STREET CONTE NTS CHAN T" INTROD UCTION THE pRE meRI c AGE D Y — P P II . LEGEN AR HIS TORY NATIVE EO LES TH III . E CARTHAGINIAN S UPREMACY I U P D U AND M V . NAT RAL RO CTS COM ERCE ' THE P B pR N V . RE U LICAN v cE VI . CARALES V I I Y MP E . THE EARL E IR O S D V III . THE CHIEF CITIES F AR INIA MP IX. THE LATER E IRE U AND S X . ARCHITECT RE THE ART XI G . RELI ION BIBLIOGRAPHY IND EX S A R D I NI A I N A NC I E NT T I M E S INTROD UCTION THE features of interest presented by a small and poor provincenecessarily differ from thoseof one O ERRATA. ’ . 22 or atrr éi read p , f e em rea d Pa ro m. note1 or Para p 5 5 , , f e last l n in er t beoreootnot . i e s p 7 5 , , 3 f f ea d S evins. 1 0 note1 or S ervius r p 4 , , f 1 n e or r 0 . 0 o t 1 ea d p 9 , 3 , f 3 3 . 1 lin 1 r r 8 e 2 ead 0 . o 80 p 4 , , f 5 59 eontolo ia read aletno . 1 8 1 last lin eof first a ra ra h or al p , p g p , f p g p lo ia g . 1 2 firs lineof s c n ara ra h or mediaevaleread medioe . 8 t eo d p , p g p , f vale . ' pn rmn vc m m o r wmc n t n c arc i n t cC Lu r cu a rm ar s c rema ns arenumerous and var ed for the ti ti i i , flourishing Phoenician colonies which fringed the sou ern and western s ores dur n several centur es th h i g i , and for theproof heregiven of thestimulating and consolidating effect Of Roman ruleeven amidst n r mis n s d s or ar h sland rs u p o i g urroun ing . N et ei e S A R D I NI A I N A NC I E NT T I M E S INTROD UCTION THE features of interest presented by a small and po or provincenecessarily differ from thoseof one f o f thegreat and profitabledependencies o Rome. NO l ter r sc ool h ad its or ns in ard n a no l ne i a y h igi S i i , i o f emperors; n or did any religious or other in flu ences eend from ereover the oman orl xt h R w d . Fr omtheend Of thePunic wars down to theVandal c o n ues theml ar hi s or is uneven ful and the q t i it y t y t , ar chaeological remains areso far fromimposing that therecent historian of theRoman municipal system remarks: NO possessions ever held by Romeshow ’ - f to day so few traces o her ascen dency . Yet Sardinia merits theattention which has been [ a d al an and o er arc aeolo s s ali efor the p i by It i th h gi t , k primitivecivilization Of which thearchitectural and ar s c remai ns arenumerous and var ed for the ti ti i , flourishing Phoenician colonies which fringed the s u ern and wes ern s ores dur n several centur es o th t h i g i , and for theproof heregiven of thestimulating and consolidating effect Of Roman ruleeven amidst un romis n s rr und s or ar th slan r p i g u o ing . N e ei des Introduction ms wor d h u lders of the elves un thy of stu y . T eb i thereat fortresses and seulc res thedes ners Of g p h , ig theua n ron efi ures an mal s and vo ves s q i t b z g , i , ti hip , r meresav s h d n nc l weenot age. They a an i vi ib e loveof freedom an d for cen ur es w s ood vas l , t i ith t t y su er or armes disla n a mar al s ri ch p i i , p yi g ti pi t whi has again characterized theSardinian regiments in thestruggleto redeem their coun trymen from r n r s n s ld in s in Aust ia Opp esion. Evewhen o gang the oman slave- mar e t e ma n ta ned er R k t , h y i i th i fieceand un end n demean r I n h M r b i g ou . t e iddle Ages their local republics wereamong thefew examples of that typeof government then in exist l ence. ast ard n a theonl remnan of free L y, S i i , y t Italy during theNapoleonic régime,gaveits name to the n dom h c en foren nd do es ki g w i h, wh ig a m tic ran s had een eelled was to em racetheen re ty t b xp , b ti nation . For thephilologist theisland dialect has a special n eres as reservin man a n forms nd i t t , p g y L ti a words ess corru ed t an omeor en l ve lorencesel pt h R F it f . Sardinian history was first put on something of a scientific basis by Manno and sometwenty years later thetravels of La Marmora led to the den ifica on of a rea num er of oman s es i t ti g t b R it , an d thecataloguing of theremains of antiquity of Th s as c var ous nds. een u anon ano i ki th i ti C Sp , ed or of thelocal ma a neBulletino Archeolo ico it g zi , g do for man ears carr ed on thesames ud ar . S , y y i t y Nearly 600 Latin inscriptions wereready for the tenth volumeof theCorpus I nscriptiomcm Lati n . 2 Introduction amm This number has been greatly in creased su seen d scover es em d ed for the by b qu t i i , bo i ' ’ most ar in theNotzz iedei S cam and oen c an p t , Ph i i scr s l is in iption havereceived c oseattention . It unnecessar d ell on thela ours of ais a roni y to w b P , P t , Nissa rdi n a Taramelli and er al ans , Pi z , , oth It i , besides representatives of theBritish School at Th c r m a en car Rome. eprehistori eains h veb e e ull eam ned and o ra ed and a c vl a on f y x i phot g ph , i i iz ti has been brought to light contemporaneous with at -of the cenaean eles and a ar en l th My p op , pp t y o s ss n a h m eer p s ei g sometraderel tions wit the. Wh th s c vl a n was s a c fr can or er an is thi i i iz tio A i ti , A i , Ib i , still disputed ; and as only theconclusion of a trained arc aeolo s is of an we averefrained h gi t y ight , I h from e r ss n defin eo n Th m xp ei g a it pi ion . e ost ro a levew is er a s a ard n a was c l n p b b i , p h p , th t S i i o o iz ed a s ccess n of mm ran s fr m fr ca by u io i ig t o A i , who had been previously brought into contact with the as ern ed erranean races lethes r n E t M it , whi t o g Iberian tradition may b edueto early connections with therich commercial tribeof Tartessians who ccu ed ou ern n Thealanc of a r o pi S th Spai . b e utho ity is now rather agai nst theidentification Of the Shardina (a body of mercenaries who fought at first a a ns and af er ards in the a of ameses g i t t w p y R II . of Egypt in thefourteenth century with the ard n an s e er eforeor after er selemen , S i i , ith b th i tt t ' in theisland . Their costumeand arms areclearly ortra ed in ean an monumen s b ut I ' p y xt t Egypti t , ( O not closely resemblethoseof theSardinian bronz es 3 Introduction For theh s r c er od our nf rma ion is scan i to i p i i o t ty , es ec all en a er theclose theec nd p i y wh , ft of S o Punic W ar ardin a ceased to avem r , S i h uch st ategic im portance; and under theEmpireits history is l nscr o largey a blank .