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Universiv Miaorilms International INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to phofegraph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation o f techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target’’ for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication o f either blurred copy because o f movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method o f “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer o f a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. UniversiV M iaorilm s International 300 N.Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8324428 Kozy, Charlene Johnson A HISTORY OF THE GEORGIA LOYALISTS AND THE PLANTATION PERIOD IN THE TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS Middle Tennessee State University D A. 1983 University Microfilms I nternStionsl 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1983 by Kozy, Charlene Johnson All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A HISTORY OF THE GEORGIA LOYALISTS AND THE PLANTATION PERIOD IN THE TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS Charlene Johnson Kozy A dissertation presented to the Graduate Faculty of Middle Tennessee State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Arts August, 1983 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A HISTORY OF THE GEORGIA LOYALISTS AND THE PLANTATION PERIOD IN THE TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS APPROVED : G raduate Committee : Major Professor A c -, ^ /jÂi' Crtmmi r f.p e Mp.mbpr MPTTihpr Committee Member i t t e e MemberCommittee V Head of the Department o£ History Dean of the «Gradua te^ School Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT A HISTORY OF THE GEORGIA LOYALISTS AHD THE PLANTATION PERIOD IN THE TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS by Charlene Johnson Kozy This study traces the attitudes and behavior of adherents to the British Crown in the colony of Georgia during the Revolutionary War and their experience in exile. The study is important for the unique story it tells which begins in Georgia with the war fought between Whigs and Loyalists and ends with the Loyalists' resettlement on Grand Caicos. Further, the work is especially important as a documentary record because printed documents relating to the Loyalists who settled Grand Caicos are almost non­ e x i s t e n t . The search for primary sources began with the few historians who have published documentary works concerning Loyalists: Lorenzo Sabine, Wilbur H. Wright, and Hugh Edward Egerton. The "Old Series" (1790-1850) of the Bahama Registry, purchased on microfilm from the Bahamian govern­ ment in Nassau, includes land grants issued under George III, estate appraisals, conveyances, and wills. The Public Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Charlene Johnson Kozy Library in New York and the Public Archives in Ottawa hold manuscripts of the Commissioners of Claims' Reports made following the Revolutionary War for the British government. The manuscripts of Lydia Parrish, on deposit in the P. K. Yonge Library of Florida History at the University of Florida, yielded valuable primary material. In addition, the author personally inspected plantation ruins on Grand Caicos to correlate documented data with topography, land marks, and other geographical features. This study found that there was a concerted effort on the part of a group of like-minded men, from similar backgrounds, tied together by common goals, to recreate a way of life which they had been forced to abandon in North America. These men are catalogued variously by origin, family, occupation, and property loss in North America. They were wealthy, predominantly high-ranking officers in the armies of the King, who had been active politically in North America and later in the Bahamas. They were, in fact, successful in building a plantation society on Grand Caicos. While the Plantation Period lasted only three decades, this study effectively adds another step to the historical process of identifying the Loyalists in exile. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author of this dissertation wishes to acknowledge the help and interest of those who made this study possible. Dr. William T. Windham, Chairman of the History Department of Middle Tennessee State University, gave initial encouragement for the work. Mrs. Frances Hunter, librarian for interlibrary loan of the Todd Library at Middle Tennessee State University, worked diligently in locating sources. The author is deeply indebted to the members of her committee: Dr. Frederick S. Rolater, Dr. Fred Colvin, Dr. James Neal, Dr. Charles W. Babb, and Dr. Mario Perez-Reilly, The author is especially appreciative of the Chairman, Dr. Frederick S. Rolater, whose kind manner and guidance helped complete the work. The author wishes to acknowledge her friends on the Caicos Islands, Constance and Emmanuel Hall and Valerie Hamilton, for their hospitality and help on the Islands. Lastly, gratitude is extended to the author's children for accepting her absence on many occasions, to her mother, and especially to her husband, Steve, for his tolerance and long hours of proofreading this work. It is the author's hope that they will share with her the success of completing this endeavor. i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF MAPS................................................................................................... iv LIST OF CHART .............................................................................................. v LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS................................................................................ v i INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... v i i C hapter I . THE TURKS AND CAICOS IS L A N D S ............................... 1 I I . GEORGIA: 1763-1775 ................................................................. 14 I I I . THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR IN GEORGIA: 1776-1778. 28 IV. THE BRITISH RETURN TO GEORGIA AND THE AFTERMATH: 1778-1782 ............................................................ 46 V. EAST FLORIDA TO THE BAHAMAS: 1782-1785 .... 61 VI. CLAIMS AND COMPENSATION.............................................. 75 V II. POLITICAL ACTIVITY AND COLLECTIVE BIOGRAPHY . 105 V III. THE PLANTATION PERIOD ON TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS: 1789-1820 ................................................................. 140 IX. SUMMARY...................................................................................... 178 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 181 X li Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF MAPS 1. Northwestern Caribbean ................................................................ 3 2. Turks and Caicos Islands ........................................................ 4 3. Major Landmarks in theHistory of the Georgia Loyalists ................................................................. 36 4. North Caicos ...................................................................................... 103 5. Middle C aicos ................................................................................. 104 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF CHART L. Attempted Invasions of East Florida by Georgia M ilitia and Continental Troops 1776-1778 ........................................................................................
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