USAID/ WATER RESOURCES INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE (WARIDI) ANNUAL REPORT, FISCAL YEAR 2018 OCTOBER 2017–SEPTEMBER 2018

This document was produced by Tetra Tech for review by the United States Agency for International Development/Tanzania (USAID/Tanzania).

PREFACE Tanzania’s health, economy, and food security depend on sustainably managed water resources. However, water scarcity challenges are growing along with the impacts of climate change, while reliable access to safe drinking water and sanitation services is still beyond the reach of far too many people. To work towards addressing these interconnected, water-related challenges, USAID’s Tanzania Water Resources Integration Development Initiative (WARIDI) promotes integrated water resources management and delivery of services across multiple sectors, with the specific goal of improvement of water resources management, improved service access and climate change adaptation in Tanzania. Specifically, in selected LGAs of the Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu river basins, the project will work to: • Component 1 – Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Services: Increase utilization of sustainable multiple-use water and sanitation services • Component 2 – Governance: Strengthen governance for sustainable and resilient management of water resources and services under a changing climate • Component 3 – Private Sector: Increase livelihoods through private sector investment opportunities for sustainable water services, agriculture and natural resource management This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development by Tetra Tech, through the Water and Development IDIQ (Contract No. AID-OAA-I-14-00068) Task Order No. AID-621-TO-16-00003, Water Resources Integrated Development Initiatives. Photos: (Right) Government of Tanzania officials including the Kilolo District Commissioner, Asia Abdallah (3rd R) and Kilolo Member of Parliament, Venance Mwamoto (4th L) on top of the water storage tank constructed by WARIDI at Kidabaga Village in Iringa Region. Photo by Yussuf Kajenje. (Left) Villagers at Melela village in fetching water from one of distribution point (DP) built by WARIDI at Melela water scheme. Supply of reliable safe and clean water services relieve the burden which villagers, especially women and girls went through looking for water. Photo by Yussuf Kajenje

Author: WARIDI Team This report was prepared by: Tetra Tech 159 Bank Street, Suite 300 Burlington, Vermont 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 495-0282 Fax: (802) 658-4247 E-Mail: [email protected]

Tetra Tech Contacts: Jeffrey Povolny, Chief of Party Email: [email protected]

Bradley Carr, Tetra Tech ARD Project Manager Email: [email protected]

USAID/TANZANIA WATER RESOURCES INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE

(WARIDI) FISCAL YEAR 2018 ANNUAL REPORT (OCTOBER 2017–SEPTEMBER 2018)

OCTOBER 2018

DISCLAIMER This document is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of Tetra Tech and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACRONYMS ...... ii

ACTIVITY OVERVIEW/SUMMARY ...... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... v SUMMARY OF RESULTS TO DATE ...... 11 INTEGRATION OF CROSSCUTTING ISSUES AND USAID FORWARD PRIORITIES ...... 92 Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment and Youth Engagement ...... 92

MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES ...... 100

GRANTS MANAGEMENT ...... 101

MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING ...... 113

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE...... 123

FINANCIAL SUMMARY ...... 134

ANNEXES ...... 135

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 i

ACRONYMS

AFD French Development Agency AWF African Wildlife Foundation BDS Business Development Services BWB Basin Water Board CBFM Community Based Forest Management Plans CCRO Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy CCVA Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment CBT Community Based Trainers CIT Community Index Tool CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation COWSO Community-Owned Water Supply Organization DBMS Database Management System DC District Council DfID Department for International Development DFT District Facilitation Team FGD Focus Group Discussion FFS Farmer Field School GIS Geographical Information System GIYI Gender Integration and Youth Inclusion IDIs In-Depth Interviews IMS Information Management Systems IR Intermediate Result IRUWASA Iringa Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management IWRMD Integrated Water Resources Management Development JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LGA Local Government Authority MC Municipal Council ME Microenterprises

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MELP Monitoring Evaluation and Learning Plan MORUWASA Morogoro Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority MOWI Ministry of Waters and Irrigation MUS Multiple-Use Services NAWAPO National Water Policy NEMC National Environment Management Council NSC National Sanitation Campaign NSMIS National Sanitation Management Information System ODF Open Defecation-Free PbR Payment by Results PES Payment for Environmental Services Q Quarter QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control RBMS River Bank Management Strategies RFA Request for Applications RFP Request for Proposals RFQ Requests for Quotations SBCC Social Behaviour Change Campaign SEA Social and Environmental Actions SME Small and Medium Size Enterprise STTA Short-Term Technical Assistance TC Town Council TFCG Tanzania Forest Conservation Group TMA Tanzania Meteorological Authority TOTs Training of Trainers TRA Tanzania Revenue Authority TWG Technical Working Group UPWARD Uplifting Participation in Water-Related Decision USAID United States Agency for International Development VLUP Village Land Use Plans WARIDI Water Resources Integration Development Initiative

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WASH Water Supply, Sanitation, and Hygiene W4L Water For Life WPs Water Points WSSA Water Supply and Sanitation Authority WUA Water Users Association WWF World Wildlife Fund

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ACTIVITY OVERVIEW/SUMMARY

Activity Name: Water Resources Integration Development Initiative (WARIDI) Activity Start Date: January 4, 2016 Activity End Date: January 3, 2021 Name of Prime Implementing Tetra Tech ARD INC Partner: [Contract/Agreement] Contract No. AID-OAA-I-14-00068) Task Order No. AID-621-TO-16- Number: 00003 Winrock International, Resonance (SSG Advisors), Water for Life, Iris Name of Subcontractors: Group Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Ministry of Health, Wami-Ruvu and Major Counterpart Rufiji Basin Water Boards, District Local Government Authorities Organizations within the two Basins Geographic Coverage Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji River Basins Reporting Period: October 1, 2017 – September 30, 2018; US FY 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The United States Agency for International Development Tanzania (USAID) Water Resources Integration Development Initiative (WARIDI) promotes integrated water resources management and service delivery across multiple sectors, with the goal of improved water resources management and service access. Specifically, in selected districts of the Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu river basins, the project: Component 1 – Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Services: Increases access to sustainable multiple-use water, sanitation and hygiene services; Component 2 - Governance: Strengthens governance for sustainable and resilient management of water resources and services under a changing climate; Component 3 - Private Sector: Increases livelihoods through supporting private sector opportunities in sustainable WASH services, agriculture and natural resource management. WARIDI works through national and local government authorities, the two Basin Boards, communities, private entities and civil society to improve equitable delivery of water-related services and to enhance integrated watershed management approaches from basin to household level. WASH and livelihood services focus on demand-driven requests from up to 20 Local Government Authorities (LGAs) receiving project support, while emphasizing private-sector partnerships for efficiency and sustainability, through the lenses of climate change adaptation, gender integration and youth inclusion. Highlights of WARIDI achievement for FY 2018 include: Component 1 – Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Services • In FY18 WARIDI completed 10 out of 16 construction projects in the first five LGAs. The remaining six schemes will be completed in Q1 of FY19. The ten completed projects serve an estimated 65,714 people based on 2017 LGA Population Projections. In Q4 WARIDI began technical assessments for

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 v its next round of construction interventions, which will focus on rehabilitating and extending schemes managed by COWSOs that have been trained by WARIDI. • In FY18 WARIDI supported COWSOs at 15 water schemes to set and collect tariffs. Reports from communities show positive signs of water payment. For example, at Msowero, the COWSO has collected 3,563,640TZS in one month, out of which 1,363,120TZS has been banked. In Kidabaga, the COWSO collected 2,000,000TZS in two months. At Ng’uruhe, the COWSO collected 1,680,000 in two months. Melela Mandazi has collected 3,046,900TZS in two months and Melela/Kibaoni has collected 1,217,700TZS in one month. Kilolo, a district water utility, has seen a revenue increase of 5,000,000 to 8,000,000 TZS a month. • In FY18 WARIDI implemented a year-long internship program, which placed graduate engineers at each of the 16 construction sites for quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC). The program was a success, allowing for daily supervision of materials and construction works. WARIDI has hired four of the highest performing interns as Junior Engineers, three of which are female engineers. These junior engineers will be paired with a lead engineer and assist in the identification, scoping, design and implementation of its construction projects. WARIDI will continue its intern program in FY19 and recruit a new round of intern engineers. • WARIDI received an official visit to WARIDI supported schemes in Kilolo, Ng’uruhe, Kidabaga, Irindi, Ifunda and Mgama by Iringa Regional Commissioner, Ms. Amina Masenza with her regional and district teams (Kilolo and Iringa DC). The Regional Commissioner was happy with the quality of work and appreciates WARIDI’s support in Iringa Region. • In FY18, COWSO strengthening grants in the first five LGAs formed and registered 40 new COWSOs across Kilosa, Mvomero, Kilombero, Iringa and Kilolo DC. Grantees also trained 92 existing COWSOs. This training will improve the water scheme management of 132 COWSOs that serve a combined population of approximately 576,804 people. • WARIDI awarded a total of eight grants to seven NGOs for COWSOs strengthening for Bagamoyo, Gairo, Malinyi, Morogoro, Mufindi, Wanging’ombe, and Ulanga. These grantees will support a total of 137 COWSOs that manage schemes on behalf of 512,577 people. The grantees are also in the process of forming 13 new COWSOs. • Working with the District Health Officers in the first five LGAs, the sanitation team verified 103 villages from the first five grants with universal sanitation, which requires universal latrine coverage at the household level and no public open defecation. Verification for 14 villages from the first five grants is pending and will be completed in Q1 for FY19. • WARIDI awarded a total of eight grants to eight NGOs for district-wide sanitation campaigns in Bagamoyo, Chalinze, Gairo, Mbarali, Malinyi, Mufindi, Wanging’ombe and Ulanga. Six of these grantees have collected two rounds of quarterly data and have seen an increase of approximately 39,000 improved latrines over baseline. Two grantees have collected baseline information and will start to contribute to improved sanitation coverage in Q1 of FY19. Component 2 – Governance • WARIDI finalized the WUA assessment tool and submitted it to the Ministry of Water and Irrigation (MOWI) for approval. Later, in collaboration with MOWI, WARIDI facilitated (1) further piloting of the WUA Baseline Capacity Assessment Tool as recommended by stakeholders at a consultation workshop held in Dodoma in July/August 2017 and (2) built capacity through participation in assessments of key players from MoWI, Wami//Ruvu and Rufiji Basins and District Facilitation Teams (DFTs) who are the primary users of WUA Baseline Capacity Assessment Tool; it was then launched and applied.

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• WARIDI facilitated BWBs to hold stakeholder forums to discuss and decide on important IWRM issues. The Rufiji BWB was supported through convening a Board Members Meeting to review and approve its IWRMD Plan for implementation, while in Wami-Ruvu Basin, WARIDI supported two key stakeholder forums to review the inception and interim reports for preparation of their IWRMD Plan. • The IR 2 team, together with the Communications Specialist, reviewed the Basin Water Boards’ information dissemination materials in support of Basins’ Communication strategies, to be used during routine events such as Maji Week, Nane Nane Exhibitions and other related annual events. • Supported the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWBs to prepare in-kind grant applications to WARIDI for hydrometric and IT equipment to enhance the BWBs’ data collection and information management capacity. Started procurement process for Hydromet equipment as part of the BWBs Hydromet grants applications. • WARIDI supported the two BWB Offices to upgrade and operationalize existing BWB computer network Servers and procure and install AQUARIUS software for hydromet data acquisition. WARIDI also supported quality control, analysis, and management of data and procurement of desktop computers for data entry and analysis. • Supported the two BWBs to make significant progress in reviewing hydraulic conditions and conducting river discharge measurements of low flows during the dry season and high flows during the flood season. WARIDI also supported updating rating curves fitting using the stage and flow data collected from the field during the reporting period. The newly acquired AQUARIUS software was installed and initiated in September 2018. • WARIDI finalized the second phase of climate change studies and analysis (vulnerability hotspot mapping for Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu basins) and produced relevant maps for all 20 LGAs and a list of 17 hotspots (i.e. areas where there is high exposure and sensitivity to climate change and variability and low adaptive capacity of social systems and water resources to cope with negative impacts of climate change. The study also identified actions needed to enhance resilience of ecosystems (water & forests) and dependent communities. • Based on the results of the climate change studies and analysis, WARIDI organized technical workshops for all the key water governance institutions in Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu basins including BWBs, catchment and sub-catchment committees, WUAs, COWSOs and LGAs. In this effort, a total of 139 LGA technical staff, 35 Regional Secretariat technical staff and 31 BWB technical staff respectively were trained. Further, technical trainings were also conducted for 13 COWSO grantees who in turn trained a total of 132 existing and newly formed COWSOs in the 1st five LGAs. It is worthwhile noting that these COWSOs will continue to train 150 new and existing COWSOs in the 2nd and 3rd phase LGAs reaching a total of 282 COWSOs with approximately 1,984 COWSO members in the 20 LGAs by end of year 4. • Through WARIDI grantee, TFCG, four villages in Kilolo DC developed and secured approval from Kilolo District Council for their Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) and accompanying by-laws for 4 of the 6 villages in our target PES site, Mngeta catchment. These villages have also developed four River Bank Management Strategies (RBMS) and four Community Based Forest Management Plans (CBFM) bringing 1,385 ha under protection. Further, TFCG established 13 Farmers Farm Schools each with 26 farmers (50% of whom were women) and trained 338 farmers on Climate Smart Agriculture practices. Component 3 – Private Sector

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 vii • Finalized partnership design, agreement development and negotiations, and launch for six strategic partnerships – meeting WARIDI’s Life of Project target. Initiated partnership implementation for all six partnerships. • Conducted five participatory partnership forums with private sector partners and key stakeholders; developed Year 1 partnership-specific action plans; and initiated partnership implementation for WARIDI strategic partnerships with LIXIL for promotion of SATO toilet pan, Medentech point of collection & inline water treatment, Water.org on WASH financing, VIAMO for sanitation & hygiene behavior change, eWATERpay for sustainability of water services through COWSO professionalism and ENGINE for advancing BDS service for microenterprises. • Carried-out a microenterprise (ME) recruitment survey in 10 districts to identify 455 applicable MEs for the capacity building and mentorship program. From this survey, WARIDI identified its trainees for the first 10 districts. • Designed and delivered a training program with the following modules: (1) marketing and sales techniques and development of WASH sales and marketing plans, (2) bookkeeping, basic accounting and financing options, and (3) business plan development. Trainings were complete for 198 microenterprises in 10 districts. • Identified and signed expedited partnership agreements with nine companies, for participation in the WARIDI WASH product road show. The road show is expected to commence in Q1 of FY19. • The WARIDI Livelihood Team conducted training to WARIDI staff on MUS both in Morogoro and Iringa as TOTs and then extended the trainings to 139 (111 male and 28 female) senior staff from 20 WARIDI LGAs in five regions. The trainings aimed to develop a common understanding of MUS, the benefits of this approach, how a MUS Project is implemented and discussed how we can “Put MUS into Practice” with LGAs.

• WARIDI sensitized and mobilized communities through village meetings in 16 water schemes in Kilosa, Mvomero, Kilombero, Kilolo and Iringa LGAs to raise awareness on MUS opportunities, 826 community members. 428 Males (51%) and 398 Females (48%) participated.

• WARIDI carried out alternative livelihoods trainings on home gardening and sack gardening, bee keeping, and indigenous chicken and rabbit husbandry for 1,450 beneficiaries. Of the participants, 627 (43%) were Males and 823 (57%) Females. WARIDI supported 72 farmers to participate in exposure visits and out of these, 12 managed to show-case their technologies at the 2018 Nanenane exhibitions in Morogoro and Mbeya. WARIDI’s booth at the Nanenane exhibitions attracted 2,717 visitors. Cross Cutting Themes • Gender Integration and Youth Inclusion (GIYI) team conducted GIYI Training to Heads of Departments reaching all 20 LGAs in WARIDI areas of operation. A total of 204 Heads of Departments, 20 Engagement Agents and 5 representatives from WARIDI grantees were trained. Trained grantees further trained 13 WARIDI COWSO grantees to equip them with knowledge and skills in integrating gender issues in COWSO capacity building programs. • The GIYI Team selected and trained 12 Community Facilitation Teams (CFT) for the UPWARD activity in Kilombero and Kilolo Districts. The CFT cascaded UPWARD Community sessions in Kanolo - Kilombero and Lulanzi – Kilolo. A total of 61 leaders (29 Male and 32 Female) and 168 established women’s group members were trained. The UPWARD program aims to uplift women’s participation in decision making by capacitating women and leaders on gender social norms that hinder equal participation of men and women in decision making.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 viii • The Gender & Youth Advisor attended USAID/TZ Intermediate Result 1.1 Gender and Youth Implementing Partners Meeting from 26-27/2/2018 at Flomi, Morogoro. Discussion was based on 3 sub purposes: (1) Enabling environment for gender equality and youth inclusion (2) Gender Empowerment & Youth Inclusion promoted by local government and community leaders (3) supporting females and youth to be healthier and more productive. WARIDI shared its experience in conducting Gender Assessment, GIYI activities and how the project is working with the Government. • In Q1 of FY 2018 the MEL team and WARIDI management conducted an M&E meeting with technical staff to discuss activities in place, results obtained, challenges, and identify solutions to problems. • The MEL team in collaboration with technical staff provided technical support to all ODF and COWSO grantees across all 14 LGAs where grantees are currently operating. The MEL team conducted several field visits to provide on-job training on data collection and reporting using both online and hard copies, as well as data review, verification, and validation and field spot-checks. • The MEL team participated in the data quality webinar coordinated by Tetra Tech MEL home office. The data quality webinar involved MEL team from Home office, WARIDI and the Georgia Good Governance Initiative (GGI) Project. The webinar clip is available for staff and partners to review after. Different aspects of DQA were discussed including five data quality aspects and sharing different activities and approaches used to ensure data quality. • The MEL team participated in a DQA workshop conducted by USAID contractor D4D in Morogoro. The main objective of the workshop was to orient USAID implementing partners (IPs) on DQA tools and protocols and to ensure provision of quality and accurate data as per DQA criteria. • In early FY 18, the MEL Specialist from Tetra Tech’s home office made a two-week STTA visit to the project. The objectives of the visit were to: review indicator definitions, data collection methodology per each indicator; consult technical staff on data collection issues and discuss their roles in MEL for ensuring provision of quality data; conduct an internal full DQA; and identify learning activities how and when MEL team can be able to carry out learning activities to various stakeholders and report back to WARIDI team. • In quarter two of FY 2018 WARIDI hosted the USAID M&E tri-annual meeting. The WARIDI MEL Team was also involved in the preparations for USAID M&E quarterly meeting held on 28th February in Morogoro. Two water schemes sites Melela/Mlandizi and Hembeti in Mvomero were selected for field visits where the visitors observed data collection through the government sanitation and hygiene registers, COWSOs and water supply infrastructure. The MEL team attended and participated in USAID’s DO2 discussions focused on in-depth understanding of Collaboration Learning and Adaptation (), field experience and ways to enhance CLA and roles of M&E specialists for sustainability of USG supported interventions. Project Management The following happened in FY 18: • Additional hires and orientations included Sanitation Leads for Iringa and Ifakara, Communication Specialist, and Logistics and Procurement Specialist. • The WARIDI Sub-Office in Ifakara is up and running from mid-April serving Kilombero, Malinyi, Ulanga DCs and Ifakara TC. It comprises of five staff: Engagement Coordinator, Sanitation Lead, Institutional Support Coordinator, Administrator, and a Driver. • All new staff received orientation and Introduction to their respective LGA officials as well as to the communities and COWSOs leaders in relationship to respective on-going water interventions falling

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 ix under their areas of mandate. They visited on-going construction activities to better understand WARIDI activities and progress. • Internet back-up systems were installed during Q4 to help with weekly communications between the offices especially the challenging places of Iringa and Ifakara. • Management of WARIDI has been smooth with the addition of DCOP Bigambo Nandiga.

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SUMMARY OF RESULTS TO DATE1

Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 IR1 Services: Increased utilization of sustainable multiple-use water and sanitation services 1.1 Number of 150K 0 0 30,675 35,039 Construction of 16 water 44% 520K 65,714 13% people schemes began in Q1 gaining FY2018. In FY2018 10 access to water schemes have basic drinking been completed water service benefiting a total of as a result of 65,714 people (31,915M, USG 33,799F) per GOT LGA assistance FY 2018/2019 population (HL.8.1-1) projections). The (Standard) remaining schemes are nearly completed, will be reported in Q1FY19.

6 schemes are pending completion, which serve an estimated 103,616. 4 of the schemes will be completed in FY19Q1, serving 61,200 people

1 This Annual Report is reporting against project performance indicators included in the revised MELP to be submitted to USAID in November2018, targets are under review for FY 19,20; in the T.O Mod submitted to USAID in October 2018

2 January 2018 Revised MELP, submitted to USAID, not approved.

3 Targets proposed in proposed T.O. modification, recently approved

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 11 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 reaching 126,915 people for FY18. Two schemes will be completed in Q2 – Mwaya and Kiberege reaching an additional 42,000 approx, reaching 169,330 people total. Water is flowing at these schemes but a final inspection is pending before counting. 1.2 Number of 300K 0 0 91,704 239,650 HH improved latrine 110% 750K 341,7226 46% people Q3: 19,105 (91,704 gaining people) access to a Q4: 10,896 HH 1st five basic grantees4 and sanitation 39,031 HH from 2nd service as a grantees5 (239,650 result of USG people ), totaling 331,354 assistance people for FY18. HL8.2.2

4 The achievement is per three grantees out of four in the following LGAs Kilosa, Kilombero and Mvomero. Two LGAs, Kilolo and Iringa, under grantee PDF, have not completed and submitted Q4 sanitation and hygiene updates.

5 This achievement is from 6 grantees out of 9 in the following LGAs: Ulanga, Malinyi, Mufindi, Wanging’ombe, Chalinze and Bagamoyo. Grantees who have only completed baseline or are currently completing baseline did not contribute. This include two grantees from Gairo and Mbarali DC completed their baseline activities (see pg35 of the report and remaining one SEMA will be completing baseline activity for Morogoro DC in Q1 FY2019).

6 The total achieved to date includes 10,368 people reported in FY 2017

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 12 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 WARIDI designed its sanitation grants based on approximate population numbers and sanitation coverage levels. Based on these estimates grants were issued that would allow us to reach approximately 800,000 people with improved sanitation (when including extensions). Therefore, we expect to approximately reach our target but we may go over/under since this is a behavior change activity and is the result of participant households taking initiative to build and maintain an improved latrine. 1.3 Number of 0 0 0 0 0 Certification activities to 0 25 0 0 villages be conducted FY2019 certified as ODF level II7 (Standard)

7 Proposed definition change for FY 19, 20.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 13 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 1.4 Number of 10 0 10 10 10 In Q4 10 new SATO’s 100% 40 108 25% new or #116 brand latrine pan improved was introduced in 10 commercial WARIDI LGAs. water or sanitation products or services available in target LGAs (Custom) 1.5 Number of 105 0 0 0 103 In FY2018 6,604 HH were 98% 365 103 28% villages and reached during the population verification exercise. verified for Giving an estimate of universal 31,699 people. This is as sanitation per the NBS average HH coverage of size of 4.8 people. There any latrine are 14 additional villages type and no currently under-going OD.9 verification from the first five LGAs that will be counted in Q1FY19.

Please note that per the revised MELP approved

8 The ten SATO 116 brand latrine pans are the same products that were introduced in 10 WARIDI LGAs for FY 2018. They have been counted once throughout the quarters to avoid double counting.

9 Proposed custom indicator for FY 19, 20.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 14 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 by USAID in January 2019, the indicator requirements changed and this indicator was added. Monitoring took place from July – September 2018. 1.6 Number of 30,000 N/A N/A N/A 99,367 19,998 households with 331% 100K 99,367 99% people with soap under new grantees soap and and 713 households with water at a soap under existing hand washing grantees. Output is station calculated using NBS commonly average household size used by family of 4.8. members.10

IR2 Governance: Strengthened governance for sustainable and resilient management of water resources and services under a changing climate 2.1 Number of 0 0 4 9 0 In FY2018 policies, N/A 42 15 36% integrated strategies, plans, policies, agreements and strategies, regulations have been plans, reported as follows: agreements, 211 Regulations on Water regulations or quality monitoring

10 New indicator per proposed changes to WARIDI Task Order, contributes to standard indicator HL.8.2-5.

11 The two regulations on water quality monitoring were reported in FY 2017.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 15 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 by laws 1 IWRMD Plan for Rufiji addressing basin IWRM 4 Land use plans for officially Idunda, Mhanga, Itonya proposed, and Uluti villages in adopted, or KiloloDC implemented 4 River Banks as a result of Management strategy for USG Idunda, Mhanga, Itonya assistance (F and Uluti villages in 4.4.2-28) Kilolo. [Sub-IR 2.3.1] 4 Community Based (Custom)A Forest Management plans for Idunda, Mhanga, Itonya and Uluti villages in Kilolo district.

1 of the plans that scheduled to be finished by the end of FY18 was the IWRM Development Plan for Wami/Ruvu which WARIDI supported. Unfortunately this plan could not be finalized due to reasons outside WARIDI’s control due to the BWO setting the schedule with the consultant. .

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 16 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 Under the previous MELP, the LOP target was 2. Per the revised MELP approved January 2019, the LOP target is 42. 2.3 Number of 4 0 0 0 6 In FY 2018 the following 150% 10 6 60% decision tools have been used: support tools 2 Aquarius, 1 Geo Mode, used for 2 GIS 1 GeoClim evidence based Because of the decision complexity and probability making in related to the global and IWRM and /or regional climate change Climate models for East Africa Change today, we had to deploy implemented. multiple tools and (Custom) A software to analysis available climate data and come up with understandable results. Hence, in the end we have introduced/provided the basins with more decision support tools (e.g. software) than expected. 2.4 Number of 20 0 0 0 137 2BWB 685% 130 137 103% institutions, 3 VLUMC committees, 3VNRMC

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 17 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 and 1WUA associations 1CC with improved 12713 COWSO capacity in land and Based on the baseline water conditions in the field, it management was found that that more with USG institutions than expected assistance had to be established in (contributes to order to ensure Standard12) A achievement of the project targets but also ensure sustainability of project outcomes. This has largely been the case through WARIDI grantees who had to establish the requisite institutions in order to achieve project targets. COWSO Grantees and TFCG are good examples. COWSO grantees have established a number of COWSOs since they are

12 “Standard” is a USAID global indicator; “contributes to Standard” is where wording may differ for WARIDI specifics; “Custom” is WARIDI specific indicator.

13 Based on the end line results for the COWSOs in the first five LGAs 127 out of 132 COWSOs showed positive improvement in the management of water source and water scheme as the per four CIT domains which include Governance, Technical, Financial and Operations.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 18 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 needed but did not exist in their areas. Also, TFCG had to establish a number of committees ranging from Natural resources and land management committees and, water user groups and farmers field schools. On IWRM, in collaboration BWBs, the project had to establish the necessary institutions especially the WUAs in line with the law requirements. All these institutions are critically needed for IWRM but were lacking in the project areas and WARIDI only found out after implementation had started. 2.5 Number of 100 0 0 22 35 Total of 57 leaders (Males 57% 430 57 13% community 29, 28 Females). This leaders and includes LGA leaders and resource Community Training personnel Facilitator leaders have promoting been reported during the gender equity follow up visits to capture and women impacts after the training. and youth

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 19 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 empowerment The GIYI Trainings within their Started the end of quarter spheres of 1 and ended quarter 4, influence due due to the indicator 2.5 to USG description didn’t assistance recognize the trainings (Standard) A until they began implementation in the field. During Q3 is when the results were captured. It is also due to interventions with COWSO’s not yet started such as trainings and selection of leaders which started in Quarter 3. Also UPWARD activities started in Q3. 2.7 Number of 10 0 0 0 10 2 BWBs 250% 40 10 71% institutions 6 LGAs with improved 1 WUA capacity to 1 Catchment Committee address 14 climate 132 COWSOs change issues (F4.8.2-14) Following changes on (Standard) A focus of the CC component (i.e. shift from

14 Have been trained on Climate Change and Adaptation Measures. More follow up will be done in FY19 to evaluate their capacity to address to CC issues with the community.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 20

Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 focusing on community level in the coastal areas to focus on institutional capacity building in the 2 Basins and all 20 LGAs) the number of relevant institutions with needs for capacity building increased significantly as had to include all the LGAs, BWBs, Catchment and Sub-Catchment committees, COWSOs, WUAs etc. Hence exceeding the target. 2.8 Number of 3,800 135 149 26 1,107 In Year 3 a pre and post 37% 8,400 1,45915 17% stakeholders survey was conducted to with increased LGA, BWB officials and capacity to farmers trained on adapt to the livelihood options and impacts of Climate Smart climate Agriculture. change (F4.8.2-26) This target was not (Standard) A achieved due to: (i) farmers in the TFCG project villages participated in training provided towards the end

15 Total achieved to date include 42 stakeholders reported in FY2 2017

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 21 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 of the farming seasons, hence farmers could not adopt to practice the skill. Adoption and practices is expected in future seasons. Similarly for LGAs that got training, the work plans and budgets had already been passed and therefore could not be adopted and practiced. It is expected that adoption will be done in work plans and budget for subsequent years.

2.9 Number of 4,000 2,568 183 1,109 3,288 The 7,148 people 179% 15K 7,148 48% people (4,489M, 2,659F) have educated on been trained on CCVA, tools, data management & approaches, information system, and /or WUAs in IWRM, Law, methods for Policies. CC and gender water in IWRM and IWRM plan. security, integrated This target was exceeded water because TFCG resource established various management, committees (Farmers field and /or water schools, VNRCs, Village source

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 22

Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 protection Land Use Management (HL8.3.1) Committees and Water Users Groups) and a larger number of people than anticipated were trained and educated on approaches, tools and/or methods for water security, integrated water resource management, and/or water source protection IR3 Private Sector: Increased livelihoods through private sector investment opportunities for sustainable water services and resource management 3.1 Percent of 55% 53% 50% 74% 66% By the end of year three, 70% 55% 70% 62% women and youth and women have youth been reached in TFCG participating agricultural activities and in USG WARIDI-led livelihood assisted activities. programs designed to WARIDI put emphases increase on women’s participation access to as one of the most productive economic important criteria for resources selecting communities to (contributes to participate in livelihoods Standard) Q activities. For example TOTs farmers were selected from interested

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 23

Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 groups like women’s savings and loan schemes like VICOBA, so they had a collective passion in implementing what they received in the trainings. Focus was to improve on existing livelihoods interventions such as improved indigenous chicken husbandry and thus make it easy for them to mobilize themselves and fellow women to participate.

3.2 Number of 200 0 198 28216 14217 By the end of year 198 170% 640 340 53% WASH and MEs have been trained. MUS service To avoid double counting providers are in different quarters this is assisted with reported once. technical, business

16 This is cumulative number of MEs trained on Module II 105MEs and III 177 MEs in Q3 report . In total 198 MEs have been trained to avoid double counting the number of MEs who have received three training modules are counted once.

17 This is a cumulative number for COWSOs received capacity building in year 3. Out of 142 COWSOs 15 COWSOs are under the water schemes.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 24 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 capacity or This indicator is counted access to from COWSOs and MEs. finance The WARIDI team worked (Custom) Q hard to implement the work in year 3, where 142 COWSOs and 198 MEs were trained. With the revised MELP, the target has been reduced from 1000 to 640 hence the reason we have exceed the target. 2 1 4 1 9 In Q4 expedited 750% 6 1519 250% 3.3 Number of partnerships established partnerships with WASH product established companies for WASH for water road shows including provision, LIXIL SATO, Medentech, sanitation, Water.org, eWaterPay, water Viamo and ENGINE resource existing. New companies management are Nzava Tanzania Ltd, or Msabi, Anuflo Industries stewardship Ltd, Kasole Secrets, (F PPP-5)18 Serving Our Neighbour International (SON), Gongalai Model Ltd, Kick

18 Contributes to F indicator PPP5: Number of new USG-supported public-private partnerships (PPPs) formed

19 In quarter four additional nine partnership for road shows interventions were established.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 25 Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 Start, Day One and Lixil Sato.

In order to see partnerships results within project life time, all LOP partnerships targets (6 partnerships) were established in 2018 to allow more time for implementation, monitoring and evaluation. This is why we exceed the number of partnerships established. 3.4 Number of 1,000 135 149 26 1,075 Under WARIDI livelihood 139% 5,000 1,385 28% farmers and interventions, a total of (50% others who 794 farmers have applied female have applied new technologies, 309 of or new which were youth, and youth) technologies 209 of which were or women, contributing to management 65% of total. practices as a 281 farmers applied new result of USG tech/methods under assistance TFCG (120 youth, 161 (EG3.2-17) women 85% of total). (Standard) A WARIDI used different approaches which involved good collaboration with

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 26

Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 government extension workers in mobilization meetings and trainings to raise farmers’ interests in participating and instilling motivation for behaviour change while connecting community internal realities with external opportunities that helped them to implement the interventions. WARIDI trained farmers through field schools and training of trainers (TOTs) WARIDI who also disseminated technologies to others. Cross- Cutting Number of 15K 14,347 10,364 12,529 13,533 In FY18 this cross cutting 338% 50K 50,773 102% people who indicator was added. To attended date a total of 50,773 WARIDI– people have been supported supported through trainings, training, meeting and meetings, and workshops. workshops (Custom) Training: 24,106 people Meetings: 24,831 people Workshops: 1,836 people

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 27

Indicators FY Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Comments Percent LOP3 LOP LOP Reporting 2018 FY18 FY18 FY18 FY18 Achieved Target Achievements Percent Frequency Annual FY18 (%) to Date Achieved Target (%) Q = Quarterly from A = Annually revised MELP2 We underestimated the number of participants and expanded the number events through grantee workshops, trainings, and other meetings.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 28 Intermediate Result 1: Services: Increased Utilization of Sustainable Multiple-Use Water and Sanitation Services (MUS)

Task 1.1: Access to sustainable Multiple-use water and sanitation services

Sub-Task 1.1.1 Water Supply

In FY18 WARIDI completed 10 out of 16 construction projects in the first five LGAs. The remaining six schemes will be completed in Q1 of FY19. The ten completed projects serve an estimated 65,714 people based on 2017 LGA Population Projections. In Q4 WARIDI began technical assessments for its next round of construction interventions, which will focus on rehabilitating and extending schemes managed by COWSOs that have been trained by WARIDI.

In FY18 WARIDI implemented a year-long internship program, which placed graduate engineers at each of the 16 construction sites for quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC). The program was a success, allowing for daily supervision of materials and construction works. WARIDI has hired four of the highest performing interns as Junior Engineers, three of which are female engineers. These junior engineers will be paired with a lead engineer and assist in the identification, scoping, design and implementation of its construction projects. WARIDI will continue its intern program in FY19 and recruit a new round of intern engineers.

Other activities completed in FY18 include a study to identify a simple and sustainable method for water treatment at the sixteen sites; an urban utility assessment to identify and recommend interventions across five town and regional water utilities within WARIDI’s intervention area; and the development of a new process of selecting and scoping new construction interventions, all of which are covered in detail below.

16 schemes – Bids received, evaluated and implementation started and completed

In FY18 WARIDI continued the rehabilitation and expansion of 16 water supply schemes in the first five LGAs. In FY17 a majority of the construction projects were advertised, and bids received. In FY18, a last batch of four construction projects (Kilolo, Melela, Ikela and Ng’uruhe) were procured.

The sixteen subcontracts were signed in November 2017 and field work started immediately. By December 2017, all subcontractors had mobilized teams and equipment to the construction sites. All subcontractors were introduced to their respective sites through breaking ground ceremonies, one of which was attended by the USAID Mission Director. Community leaders and subcontractors, witnessed by District Councils, signed tripartite agreements that clearly stated the responsibilities of each party during construction.

WARIDI was having issues with a contractor who held the contracts for Kiberege, Mwaya and Magubike. The contractor was not performing on schedule and had lost the confidence of the communities. In Dec 2018 WARIDI terminated the contract for Mwaya and Kiberege but the contractor was able to finish Magubike with close supervision. As of Q4 of FY18, construction works for the sixteen schemes are in the following stages:

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 29 Table 1: 16 Water scheme progress

LGA Scheme Status Msowero Complete Kimamba A Complete Kilosa DC In Final Testing before Completion. Have gone Kimamba B through inspections and some items had been noted for corrections before completion. In Final Testing before Completion. Have gone Hembeti through inspections and some items had been Mvomero DC noted for corrections before completion. Melela Complete In Final Testing before Completion. Have gone Ikela through inspections and some items had been noted for corrections before completion. Construction on-going, will be completed in Q1 of Kiberege FY19 Kilombero DC Construction on-going, will be completed in Q1 of FY19. water was flowing to DPs but schemes were being tested before being confirmed as complete Mwaya/Mugdeni based on Final inspection by all parties, the contractor, community, LGA and WARIDI.

Mgama Complete Ifunda Complete Construction on-going, will be completed in Q1 of FY19. Final stages of testing before completion. Iringa DC Water was flowing to DPs but schemes were being Magubike tested before being confirmed as complete based on Final inspection by all parties, the contractor, community, LGA and WARIDI.

Irindi Complete Ihimbo Complete Kilolo DC Kilolo Complete Kidabaga Complete Ng’uruhe Complete

Borehole Drilling

Three of the sixteen schemes required new boreholes, Melela, Msowero and Kimamba B. Geophysical surveys to identify potential borehole sites were carried out at Msowero, Kimamba B and Melela Mlandizi sites in November. Drilling started in late December and three successful boreholes were drilled, one at each site. Pumping tests (step and 24 hours constant) were carried out at all sites. The results of tests are summarized below.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 30 Melela Borehole Msowero Borehole Kimamba B Borehole Depth – 82m Depth – 96m Depth – 92m Static Water Level (SWL) – SWL – 0m (almost) SWL – 0.9m 8.9m Yield – 26,400 liters/hour Yield – 24,750 liters/hour Yield – 25.06 liters/hour

Water Treatment In early February 2018, WARIDI engaged international STTA to advise the project on water treatment for the 16 schemes. The consultant visited six WARIDI intervention schemes, five of which are river or spring fed and one of which is a borehole. He also visited Iringa Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (IRUWASA) and Morogoro Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (MORUWASA) to discuss potential for collaboration and support for COWSOs to install and operate water treatment facilitates. Water quality was found to be a significant problem at all six of the gravity-fed water supply schemes visited. On-site testing showed that the concentrations of the fecal indicator bacteria E. coli in water samples were at least 100 times the World Health Organization and Tanzanian national guidelines. The borehole scheme that was visited was found to be compliant for E. coli and total coliform. The consultant’s report recommended that WARIDI install simple drip chlorination (using calcium hypochlorite) with a plastic tank at each storage tank with a valve design to adjust chlorine level. These drip chlorination schemes are used throughout Tanzania and were recommended since they are well within the capacity of the COWSOs to operate. On the same note, WARIDI further emphasized its ODF campaign in these communities with an emphasis on raising awareness on sanitation and hygiene as treatment alone is not a solution since treated water can be contaminated through handling and storage. WARIDI installed chlorination units at storage tanks at all completed sites. Plastic tanks were installed by Iringa Water Quality Laboratory and Morogoro Water Quality Laboratory with supervision from WARIDI engineers. Physical and bacteriological water quality testing, including chlorine residual testing at water points, show that chlorine dosing meets requirements. Selected COWSO members were trained on operation and maintenance. WARIDI has done follow-up visits after installation and has noted that communities continue to treat their water. COWSO Training For each of the rural schemes, a COWSO was trained to manage the scheme. Kilolo, which is a water utility, did not receive training support. The training was completed by the contractor with technical support from WARIDI. Each scheme now has a registered COWSO, with a constitution and by-laws, elected leaders, and a bank account. The COWSOs were trained following the Government of Tanzania’s training manual, were supported to calculate and set tariffs, and develop business plans and water safety plans. The COWSOs were also trained on practical operations and maintenance by the contractor as well as on the water treatment unit by the government water quality labs.

Reports from communities show positive signs of water payment. For example, at Msowero, the COWSO has collected 3,563,640TZS in one month, out of which 1,363,120TZS has been banked. In Kidabaga, the COWSO collected 2,000,000TZS in two months. At Ng’uruhe, the COWSO collected 1,680,000 in two months. Melela Mandazis has collected 3,046,900TZS in two months and Malela/Kibaoni has collected 1,217,700TZS in one month. Kilolo’s revenue has increased from 5,000,000 to 8,000,000TZS a month.

Community Participation Community participation has been strong at all 16 sites. Community members have dug trenches, laid pipes and backfilled 165,782m. Only about 4,250m remain at Kiberege. This includes 12,802m completed and paid for by Kilolo District. This community contribution so far is worth 580,237,000 TZS

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 31 (255,304 USD), which is equivalent to the costs of two projects (Mwaya and Hembeti for example), which serve about 36,000 people. One-page summaries on each of the completed projects have been included as Annex 3. Table 2 : Summary of beneficiaries in ten completed schemes

District Name of Current population (source: 2017 LGA projected Village population data) Men Women Total

Kilolo Irindi 1,324 1,050 2,374 Kilolo Ihimbo 2,371 2,377 4,748 Kilolo Kilolo 6,409 6,086 12,495 Kilolo Ng’uruhe 1,935 1,761 3,696 Kilolo Kidabaga 1,493 1,539 3,032 Iringa Mgama 2,059 2271 4,330 Iringa Ifunda 2,733 3,300 6,033 Kilosa Msowero 6,262 7,514 13,776 Kilosa Kimamba A 3,404 3,518 6,922 Mvomero Melela 3,925 4,383 8,308 31,915 33,799 65,714

Scheme Highlights Water flow testing shows significant contributions in improving the service levels of schemes: • At Kidabaga the inflow into the sump well has increased from 0.8m3/h to 16m3/h. • Testing the new line from intake to existing Magubike village’s storage tank (50m3) gives 11.2m3/h compared to less than 2.9m3/h before intervention. All 12 DPs get water all the time including DPs which have not been getting water for the past 8 years. A new 250m3 storage tank which feeds five tanks (Nzihi, Kipera, Nyamihuu, Kidamali and Ilalasimba) has a flow rate of more than 45m3/h compared to the prior flow of 10m3/h. • Kalinga intake in Ng’uruhe village has increased the supply from 2.88m3/h to 9.72m3/h, while an infiltration gallery feeding a 90m3 storage tank has increased flow from 1.2m3/h to 9m3/h. All DPs have water 24 hours a day, as compared to rationing every two days before the WARIDI intervention. • In Kilolo, supply has increased from 2.52m3/h to 16.2m3/h for a 90m3 tank at Kilolo center; from 5.76m3/h to 25.56m3/h for a 90m3 tank at Luganga; and from 4.32m3/h to 15.12m3/h for a 45m3 tank at St Marcus. These changes have attracted more customers to KIUWASA where within a very short period, by June 2018, 170 new applications have been received, of which 94 have paid connection costs and 89 have been connected.

• Ifunda shows an increase in flow from 10m3/hour to 61m3/hour after rehabilitating the intake and gravity main. • Submersible pumps were installed at Msowero, Kimamba B and Melela, which pump more than 10m3/h, allowing the communities to receive water daily.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 32 Water Supply for Remote Villages in Mvomero and Kilosa LGAs Originally, WARIDI worked with Mvomero and Kilosa LGAs to identify five villages in need of water services that would be equipped through the provision of shallow wells. Through consultation with USAID, WARIDI amended its Year 3 work plan to drill deep boreholes in the remote villages and install small water supply schemes powered by solar pumps. These changes were implemented due to concerns around the long-term reliability of shallow wells. As a result, two of the remote villages, Chohero and Homboza, were dropped from the intervention due to their location in inaccessible hilly areas that make drilling with a large rig difficult. The team completed technical assessments for the placement of boreholes and design of the schemes with the remaining three villages, Nyameni, Ilakala and Maharaka villages in Q2 and Q3. This was followed by a hydrogeological survey that was completed in Q3 and Q4, recommending 11 sites for drilling within the three villages.

In August, an RFP for drilling of 5 boreholes in Nyameni village was advertised and a vendor selected. 4 of 5 boreholes have been successfully drilled and a fifth borehole will be completed in early October 2018. A second RFP for 6 boreholes in Ilakala and Maharaka was released at the end of Q4 and will be evaluated and awarded in Q1 of FY19. All drilling will be complete by Q1 of FY19. Designs for Nyameni, Ilakala and Maharaka, including profiles, layout and drawings are in their final stages and will be completed once yields from the boreholes are known.

It is anticipated that construction will take place from Q1-Q3 of FY19 and the schemes completed by Q3. The communities are in the process of developing and signing MOUs with WARIDI outlining their contributions to the construction effort. WARIDI is also in the process of determining the best way forward to set-up and train water point management groups for the systems.

QA/QC For the sixteen schemes, WARIDI purchased all pipes and fittings as a method of quality control and for VAT exemption. The University of Dar es Salaam was subcontracted to test a random selection of pipes for hydraulic pressure and thickness. WARIDI engineers also conducted random inspection of pipes and fittings at the DPI Simba warehouse in Dar es Salaam before materials were transported to sites. Similar random inspections of pipes and fittings also took place in the field. During this process, 72 random pipe samples were collected from DPI Simba and taken to University of Dar es Salaam for quality assurance. All samples passed. Despite being a time consuming and meticulous process, this level of QA was a necessary component of WARIDI’s larger approach to ensuring sustainable services at these sites. Once delivered on site, pipes were received and stored in village stores using multiple locks in the presence of LGA representatives, village leaders, COWSO members, Engagement Agent, WARIDI intern and engineer. The internship program also served as an essential component of WARIDI’s QA/QC process. The program progressed well, and its first set interns will end their apprenticeship on 9th October 2018. As of September 2018, twelve of the 16 interns remain in the program. One obtained employment as District Water Engineer in Kwimba District, a second left for a position as Water Resources Engineer at Mpanda Water Supply Authority, and a third became a Young Expert Engineer at Mwanza Urban Water & Sewerage Authority (MWAUWASA). Through a competitive process, WARIDI hired one intern engineer, Zeidia John as permanent staff. WARIDI will be hiring three more former interns (1 male, 2 females) as Junior Engineers, who are expected to start in October 2018. All three female interns have been among the best performers both at their sites and in their employment interviews.

As part of WARIDI’s QA/QC and intern capacity building, WARIDI organized a two-day workshop at VETA Mikumi to review its QA/QC protocol and discuss lessons learned. The workshop was facilitated by Matt Harder from Tetra Tech GLS. WARIDI also sent six Engineers (Senior Water Engineer and five intern engineers) to attend Annual Engineers Day in Dar es Salaam organised by the Engineers

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 33 Registration Board in Dar es Salaam from September 5th – 7th 2018 as part of their professional development.

Urban Water Assessment WARIDI engaged an Urban Water Utility Consultant in Q3 to complete capacity assessments of five water supply and sanitation authorities (WSSAs) in Ifakara (IFAUWASA), Mafinga (MAUWASA), Njombe (NJUWASA), Morogoro (MORUWASA) and Iringa (IRUWASA). The consultant was tasked to review their business plans and work with them to identify plausible interventions for WARIDI to undertake in the remaining two years of its program. The consultant’s full report was submitted to USAID and in its FY19 work plan WARIDI identified five interventions that it will undertake with IRUWASA. While the other four utilities had worthy and necessary projects identified, WARIDI faces resource limitation that will constrain it to only supporting one utility for the remainder of the project.

Major highlights from the report include: 1. That USAID should consider IFUWASA in future upcoming activity design that will be addressing urban WASH challenges given that WARIDI does not have the time or resources to address IFUWASA’s capacity issues before the provision WASH infrastructure support. (IFUWASA does not have a functioning board and therefore cannot enter into an MOU with WARIDI, it also has very limited human resource capacity to sustain any interventions post implementation.) 2. WARIDI should assess MAUWASA and NJUWASA for further support given that they have capacity and water supply to extend water services. 3. WARIDI should support peri-urban areas of Iringa with IRUWASA. IRUWASA seems to be a strong utility with clear vision and may not bring any challenges for partnering with WARIDI to achieve the expected results. IRUWASA has the capacity to sustain the supported infrastructure, support expansion of water services. 4. WARIDI should not support MORUWASA as it will be supported by the French Development Agency (AFD) and has limited supply to extend services.

Development of new approach to scheme identification and selection The first 16 schemes’ selection, design, approvals, procurement and subcontracting process had a cycle of more than 24 months for the longest projects. The project originally identified 44 possible schemes in collaboration with five LGAs, and fully designed 18 projects before two were dropped due to technical issues.

Based on lessons learned in the first round of construction, WARIDI has reviewed its procurement and implementation processes in order to reduce the timeline for new interventions. This includes: • Using grantees to quickly assess and identify COWSOs for further detailed technical assessments. • Pairing one senior engineer and one junior engineer to complete a technical assessment and prepare a technical note for a Go/No-Go decision before proceeding with full design and costing. • Limiting bidding to pre-qualified contractors, which will reduce the number of unqualified bids that need to be reviewed by engineers. 10 contractors have been added to a pre-qualification list for the new round of interventions. Using this approach, the WARIDI team in Q4 FY18 conducted water technical assessments at Nguyami pumping scheme at in Morogoro. The scoping assessment report for Nguyami pumping scheme was completed and shared for a go or no-go from Tetra Tech. The technical team also conducted

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 34 technical assessments for Ihowanza, Malangali and Idunda (IMAI), Kibengu/Usokami, Maduma, Tambalang’ombe and Utosi schemes in Mufindi DC. Technical notes were prepared and will be shared for a go, no-go decision in October 2018. The technical team also conducted assessments for Italuhumba and Mdandu in Wanging’ombe DC, however the team was called back before completing the exercise, waiting for the finalization of WARIDI FY19 work plan. The team will continue to conduct technical assessments in Q1 of FY19 but will prioritize the first five LGAs instead of new LGAs. Annex 1 in approved scheme folder provides details of the scoping assessment report done in Kibengu, Maduma and Nguyami and selection report for the 1st five, 2nd and 3rd LGAs.

Challenges and Lessons Learned • Ikela scheme implementation was delayed while the program pursued a permit from TANAPA to build the storage tank in Udzungwa National Park. Kilombero DC support allowed WARIDI to quickly and successfully obtain a permit from TANAPA and continue construction. • Low voltage problems affected functionality of four systems and delayed the completion of works at Ifunda, Kimamba B, Melela Mlandizi and Kimamba ‘A’ schemes. Due to the presence of milling and welding shops, schemes at these sites could only pump at night and at limited capacity. To resolve these problems WARIDI spent an additional 96,995,918 TZS (42,221 USD) for new electrical service lines and transformers. Three of the four schemes have now been completed and are in their final testing stages. However, Kimamba A is still in progress and WARIDI is working with TANESCO to get the pump up and running. Official Visits In FY18, WARIDI’s water supply interventions were visited by various USAID delegates. In all visits, USAID officials were happy to see that things moving on the ground, the quality of the work and the process being used when working with stakeholders, especially LGAs:

• USAID delegates visited Mgama and Ifunda water scheme projects in Iringa.

• USAID IPs, during the USAID M&E meeting in Morogoro, visited Hembeti Gravity scheme and Melela pumping scheme.

• USAID Economic Growth office director, COR and Technical Adviser (Randy Chester, Francis Mtitu, Roger Syndey) visited Melela Water Scheme construction site.

• USAID, WARIDI COR and alternate COR conducted a project monitoring visit in Kilombero and Kilosa LGAs to visit Kiberege, Mwaya/Mgudeni, Ikela, Melela, Msowero and Nyameni villages, the visit included meeting with LGAs management in Kilombero and Kilosa from 30th January – 1st February 2018, the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) conducted a verification exercise for VAT exemptions issued to WARIDI through Winrock International. The TRA team pronounced themselves satisfied with the proper use of all exempted materials. Project sites visited were: - - Msowero, Kimamba A & Kimamba B. - - Ikela, Mwaya Mgudeni & Kiberege From 30th May to 4th June WARIDI supported schemes in Kilolo, Ng’uruhe, Kidabaga, Irindi, Ifunda and Mgama were visited by the Iringa Regional Commissioner with her regional and district teams (Kilolo and Iringa DC). The Regional Commissioner was happy with the quality of work and appreciates WARIDI’s support in Iringa Region. Ms. Amina Masenza was very happy with community participation and contributions, as she could see signs of community ownership leading to project sustainability. She thanked WARIDI for its contribution in increasing the District’s water services and coverage. She also appreciated WARIDI’s COWSO capacity building through its district-wide approach implemented by the local grantee, Peoples Development Forum (PDF). In all of her speeches to communities, she emphasized

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 35 that the community should protect water sources and pay for water services. She emphasized that there are no longer free services, so users must pay for water for sustainability of their projects, which is in line with WARIDI’s approach to water supply and its integrated approach to water resources management. Melela Mlandizi scheme was selected by Mvomero LGA for an Uhuru torch visit on 23rd July 2018. This activity was attended by all key management team.

Sub-Task 1.1.1: Direct support service Timing Comments delivery Inputs Contract signing and breaking ground for Q1 Completed. 10 subcontractors were 16 interventions on site implementing 16 projects. 5 contractors are still on site. Construction/rehabilitation and handing Q1 to Q3 Construction continued in Q4. over of 16 schemes in 5 LGAs Construction activities have been completed for 10 projects, 3 other sites have construction completed and schemes testing is in progress while 3 others are continuing construction but are in final stages. Completed schemes have benefited 65,714 people. Installation of water treatment systems at to Q1 to Q3 Water treatment systems have been 16 schemes installed at 7 schemes. Water treatment systems for the remaining 6 schemes are in progress, and 3 schemes will be installed in Q1 FY19. Construction of 70 water wells in 5 villages Q1 & Q2 A full technical assessment has been in Kilosa and Mvomero LGAs. completed for the three villages and a Project Technical Note and Water supply for rural Villages in Kilosa and implementation schedule has been Mvomero LGAs. shared and approved by Tetra Tech and USAID. Hydrogeological surveys to locate 5 borehole sites in Nyameni have been completed. An RFP for drilling has been approved, a drilling PO signed and 4 of 5 boreholes completed. Surveys for Ilakala and Maharaka are completed. Designs of all three schemes are completed. Drilling of 11 boreholes will be completed in Q1 FY19; Construction RFP and POs for materials and pumps will be issued in Q1 FY19; Develop Sustainability Plans for each of the Q1 to Q3 Sustainability Plans have been 16 schemes in 5 LGAs developed and completed for all schemes. Regular monitoring and QA/QC of the Q1 to Q4 Regular monitoring by WARIDI contractors by the WARIDI and LGA Engineers, LGAs, and engineering team.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 36 Sub-Task 1.1.1: Direct support service Timing Comments delivery 12 intern engineers who are on site and submitting daily reports is on- going. WARIDI lead Engineers are supporting the intern engineers on a daily basis. Outputs 16 Schemes rehabilitated (with Q2 & Q3 Completed schemes are benefiting sustainability plans) and increased number 65,714 people. of persons accessing improved water service from them 70 improved water wells constructed in 5 Q1 & Q2 Due to changes in technical villages in Kilosa and Mvomero LGAs approach, implementation is Updated: Water Supply for three remote expected to take place in Q1 of FY19 villages in Kilosa and Mvomero LGAs Quality work maintained across all Q1 to Q4 Contractors work is monitored daily contractors by the engineering interns supported by Lead Engineers LGAs and Region interest is increasing, and they are also monitoring the schemes

Sub-Task 1.1.2 Sanitation and Hygiene Campaigns WARIDI’s approach to sanitation and hygiene focuses on supporting households to move up the sanitation ladder from open defecation (no services), to unimproved, and ultimately basic sanitation. In all of its activities, the program supports the National Sanitation Campaign II (NSC II) and the National Behavior Change Campaign (BCC), implemented by the Government of Tanzania through LGAs and the CLEAR consortium. In FY18, WARIDI implemented district-wide sanitation and hygiene campaigns in 14 LGAs. As part of these campaigns, WARIDI supported capacity building in Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), monitoring and reporting of sanitation quarterly data; and supporting linkages with the private sector by identifying microenterprises at the community level to expand access to improved sanitation and hygiene products and services. Other accomplishments in sanitation and hygiene in FY18 include supporting data entry into NSMIS, facilitating an annual review workshop and joint monitoring visit, supporting the national BCC campaign, translating ODF guidelines and facilitating STTA to complete an urban sanitation study.

Sanitation and Hygiene Grants in the first five LGAs The first five Sanitation and Hygiene Grants have come to an end with 103 externally verified communities out of 210 implementation villages. These villages completed self-declaration forms and were verified by LGA and WARIDI staff. DHOs in each respective LGA led the exercise and Regional representatives served as external observers. Through the process of external verification, WARIDI has clarified its support to the NSC II by changing its language from ODF or “Open Defecation Free” to Universal Sanitation Coverage. This is to reduce confusion around the goal of WARIDI’s grants, which is to support every household to have a latrine and have no defecation in public spaces. ODF in Tanzania (whether Level II or Level I), on the other hand, requires improved sanitation in institutions, an area that has been out of WARIDI’s scope until this point of the program. WARIDI is currently in discussions with USAID to include a limited number of communities for ODF certification by supporting institutional sanitation in primary schools, which has been an obstacle for communities to obtain certification by the government.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 37 Verified Villages by LGA

LGA Verified Number of Number of Number of Number of Villages HH visited schools Public Open (10% of total) visited Places Spaces Kilombero DC 30 2,138 37 (22 77 69 villages) Kilosa DC 22 1,961 31( 21 161 52 villages) Mvomero DC 25 1,550 27 (21 93 81 villages) Kilolo DC 13 538 18 (11 79 8 villages) Iringa DC 13 450 18 (11 79 8 villages) Total 103 6,637 131 (86 489 218 villages)

The verification exercise was completed in the first five LGAs, with 14 villages pending for verification in Kilolo and Iringa (to be completed in early November). The exercise took place from September through early October and documented the outcome of the first five sanitation grants. Apart from latrines, all households were also checked against safe hand washing practices, the use of kitchen utensils rack, use of refuse pit and evidence of clean surroundings. 55% of households had handwashing facilities but only 47% of households had handwashing facilities with soap and water present. A total of 131 schools were visited and checked for the presence, use and proper management of WASH facilities. Schools were only found in 86 of the 103 villages. The 17 villages without schools could quality for ODF Level I or II and based on the assessment results so far, 11 villages have been recommended by for ODF Level II by the DHO.

A full report of the exercise and results are in the Annex 4. A major lesson learned in the implementation of the grants and external verification exercise is that DHO leadership, buy-in and engagement has created a sense of ownership and accountability that has reached all levels, including community leadership. The village government is key in achieving ODF status and enforcing by-lays, including institutions and public places such as churches, mosques, health facilities, market places and bus stands. The main limiting factor for villages in achieving ODF certification is the lack of proper sanitation facilities in government run schools, mainly primary schools. Grantees also worked in 69 schools across the first five LGAs supporting school WASH, but no investment was made on hardware in the first phase grants (Kilolo – 16 schools; Iringa DC – 16; Kilombero – 17; Mvomero – 20; the grantee in Kilosa did not work with schools due to lack of funding to reach them.)

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 38 Table 3: Updated Sanitation and Hygiene data in 5 LGAs

# of HH # of HH # of # of # of Improved Grantee # HH # HH % w/o w/o % basic basic % improved % Latrines & District (Q3) (Q4) Change latrines latrines Change latrines latrines Change latrines Change (Q4) (Q3) (Q4) (Q3) (Q4) (Q3)

HAPA 60,070 -1% 1,172 105 -91% 27,540 30,482 38,410 Kilombero 59,232 22,909 -17% 26%

PDF 48,050 0% 4,485 0% 29,637 13,928 Iringa20

PDF 36,380 0% 2,950 0% 21,627 11,803 Kilolo21

SAWA 98,711 4% 5,688 -16% 54,169 58,117 7% 38,854 39,661 2% Kilosa 4,792 102, 570

SEMA 58,172 60,522 4% 7,633 2,639 -65% 37,518 42,462 13% 12,806 14,967 17% Mvomero

20 No data submitted for Quarter July- Sept

21 No data submitted for Quarter July- Sept

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 39 Grant Progress in Second and Third Phase LGAs Sanitation grants were awarded in Q3 of FY18 and will be implemented through Q3 of FY19 in nine LGAs: Gairo, Bagamoyo, Ulanga, Chalinze, Morogoro, Malinyi, Wanging’ombe, Mufindi and Mbarali DCs. Njombe DC does not have a grant since it is ODF. In Q3 and Q4 of FY18, grantees supported LGAs to collect sanitation and hygiene data for them to input into NSMIS as required through sanitation registers. The same information has been used in feedback sessions to enlighten community leaders at LGA, ward and village levels on progress. Grantees have trained ward and village leaders, as well as data collectors on proper hygiene and sanitation data collection and completed baseline information for all nine LGAs.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 40 Table 4. Updated sanitation and hygiene data in 2nd & 3rd round LGAs

% HH w/o Basic Basic Improved Improved Grantee & # HH # HH HH w/o % % Chan Latrines Latrines Latrines latrines Latrines % Change District (Q3) (Q4) Latrines Change Change ge (Q4) (Q3) (Q4) (Q3) (Q4) (Q3)

EEPCO- 28,489 29,701 4% 1,084 703 -35% 1,6983 17,512 3% 7,963 11,487 44% ULANGA

HAPA- 21,488 22,425 4% 8,094 5,369 -34% 9,793 12,986 33% 2,229 4,070 83% MALINYI IECA- 46,424 48,668 5% 2,138 265 -88% 32,380 18,996 -41% 10,859 29,407 171% Mufindi MAMADOW ANGING'O 39,397 39610 1% 3,309 1,212 -63% 17,836 13,937 -22% 14,891 24,461 64% MBE PDF- 41,457 41,457 0% 7,765 7,765 0% 28,575 28,575 0% 4,193 5,117 22% Chalinze WEPMO- 27,584 27,443 -1% 1,455 1,367 -6% 11,172 11,088 -1% 10,364 14,988 45% Bagamoyo Grand Total 204,839 271,840 33% 23,845 16,681 -30% 116,639 103,094 -12% 50,499 89,530 77%

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 41 Summary results of two new grantees CODERT and SAWA in Mbarali and Gairo who in Q4 were doing baseline data collection can be seen in Table 5, below.

Table 5. Summary results of baseline in new LGAs

# HH of # of HH # of # of Grantees & Total # with without improved basic District of HHs latrines latrines latrines latrines CODERT-Mbarali 28,114 24,998 3,116 6,169 18,829 SAWA-Gairo 34,422 25,910 8,512 6,658 19,252 Grand Total 62,536 50,908 11,628 12,827 38,081

Each grantee has selected 40-50 implementation villages where it will carry out focused follow-up and behavior change messaging in addition to its regular quarterly follow-ups that take place LGA-wide. Implementing teams have been using posters, t-shirts, and audio clips as part of behavior change campaign reminding communities that every household needs to own and use a latrine. The grantees also emphasize the use of latrines that meet the standard for basic sanitation as well, in line with the National Sanitation Campaign. Of the 14 ODF grants, Morogoro District is lagging behind due to late engagement; they are currently collecting the sanitation data after training data collectors.

Contribution to NSMIS Tremendous efforts have been invested to support LGAs to update their data in the National Sanitation Management Information System (NSMIS) on time and accurately. LGA data entry personnel have been working hand-in-hand with grantees to ensure quarterly updates are completed on time. As of September, WARIDI is now supporting 14 LGAs to report in NSMIS by enabling LGA teams to get information from hard-to-reach areas through grantee’s LGA-wide data collection efforts, without which, many of these LGAs would have had to update based on fewer sub-villages. Comparison of the sanitation data entered in the NSMIS before and after WARIDI support in the LGAs shows that WARIDI support has improved reporting. WARIDI support under the 14 grants covers 1,177 villages as detailed in the table 6 below with validated data from filled sanitation registers

Table 6: LGAs and Grantees coverage for sanitation and hygiene activities

LGA Grantee SN wards villages SV22 LGA Grantee wards village SV 1 27 121 573 Mufindi IECA 24 118 497 2 20 102 721 Mbarali CODERT 9 47 389 3 21 60 524 Wanging'ombe MAMADO 12 60 263 4 15 86 526 Chalinze PDF 15 86 526 5 10 33 162 Malinyi HAPA 10 33 162 6 21 59 222 Ulanga EEPCO 21 59 222 7 31 73 423 Gairo SAWA 31 73 423 8 11 126 174 Bagamoyo WEPMO 9 4 174 9 34 151 746 Morogoro DC SEMA 34 151 746

22 SV- Sub Village

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 42 LGA Grantee SN wards villages SV22 LGA Grantee wards village SV 10 40 144 836 Kilosa SAWA 40 144 836 11 30 128 636 Mvomero SEMA 30 128 636 12 26 96 398 Kilombero HAPA 26 96 398 13 24 110 499 Kilolo PDF 18 81 370 14 28 133 745 Iringa DC PDF 21 97 550 338 1,422 7,185 9 300 1,177 6,192

Annual Review Workshop and Joint Monitoring Visit

WARIDI organized an annual review workshop for sanitation practitioners from the first five LGAs (Mvomero, Kilosa, Kilombero, Kilolo and Iringa rural) in January 2018. The workshop shared experiences and learnings from preliminary activities carried out in the 16 prioritized construction sites, and after engaging Grantees for district wide interventions. A joint monitoring exercise preceded the review exercise, where officials from Ministry of Health, Local Government, Iringa and Morogoro Regional Health Officers, respective five LGA health officers, Grantees and engagement agents addressed issues found during implementation. The workshop clarified definitions for latrine types, and improvements in data collector training and incentives that have been used to improve implementation.

Sanitation Strategy Developed

In October 2017, WARIDI refined its broad sanitation and hygiene strategy and shared it with respective staff and grantees to foster common understanding across the team. The document fully supports the National Sanitation Campaign but gives flexibility in the approach with each LGAs based on local context and inputs from stakeholders. A copy of the full strategy has been shared with USAID.

Translation of Guidelines

WARIDI is now implementing universal sanitation campaigns across 14 LGAs based on the approved ODF verification guideline. WARIDI supported the translation of this guidelines from English to Swahili given that a major of the activity takes place at the community level where English is limited. In August 2018, WARIDI received approval from MOH for the translated version of the guideline. The program printed and distributed copies for each ward across its 14 LGAs where it implements. The translated guidelines are used in institutional triggering, training data collectors, andODF internal and external verification. WARIDI also translated the CLTS guide into Swahili but approval is still pending. WARIDI us using the draft version to support Training of Trainers and CLTS committees where need be.

Urban Sanitation Study

WARIDI was asked by USAID to consider carrying out urban sanitation interventions during FY19 and onward In these areas many residents have on-site sanitation systems that require faecal sludge management. Iringa and Morogoro Municipal Councils have limited sewerage facilities and the Town Councils (Njombe, Ifakara and Mafinga) have none. WARIDI engaged a consultant to undertake an assessment of the sanitation situation in these urban LGAs and recommend interventions to contribute towards its targets. The objective of the assessment was to collect baseline information to understand the current situation, develop business models, and provide recommendations for multi stakeholder partnerships for sanitation service delivery. Due to limited time and resources, the consultant did not develop business models. This was due to the fact that the sanitation capacity in LGAs is low, private

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 43 sector participation is limited, and because WARIDI did not have defined parameters for the consultant to use when identifying interventions. Since access to basic sanitation is high in most urban LGAs, most of the recommended interventions would not support WARIDI to meet its main targets, which include universally verified communities and first-time access to basic sanitation through rehabilitation of traditional latrines or new construction. The study provided the following recommendations: • Conduct a baseline survey in all urban LGAs to establish the sanitation status (latrine coverage and latrine types) as current data is unreliable • Extend the sewerage network to areas close to existing sewerage network in Iringa and Morogoro Municipal Councils • Develop demonstration decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DeWATS) to serve the growing urban centers, unplanned settlements and peri urban areas • Promote tailor-made onsite wastewater management technologies especially in areas with high water table (e.g., Morogoro Municipal and Ifakara town) • Raise awareness on sanitation to contribute to positive behavior change • Implement a sanitation marketing campaign focusing on private sector involvement in fecal sludge management • Involve willing institutions in delivery and implementation of the project (for example, there are several educational institutions willing to do data collection, monitoring and awareness raising) After discussion with USAID it was determined that WARIDI will only intervene in sanitation in urban areas through its IR3 activities, which train MEs to stock and sell sanitation products. Coordination with Stakeholders WARIDI closely coordinates with the respective LGAs and regional secretariats where it has interventions and complements the ongoing efforts of the government. WARIDI’s coordination brings value for money by avoiding duplication in intervention areas. In addition to WARIDI’s coordination with the government, WARIDI also coordinates with other stakeholders working in the same districts. To improve coordination WARIDI developed sanitation inventories for each district indicating all stakeholders and their areas of work. Through this coordination WARIDI can share resources to facilitate activities. Examples include a joint feedback session on sanitation data collected in Mufindi DC and training for ODF external verification organized by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in Mbeya which was facilitated by the National Sanitation Campaign Coordinator. Challenges and Lessons Learned • Since WARIDI’s project design is focused on household sanitation, it could not secure ODF level I or II certification for villages that have schools without improved WASH facilities. WARIDI did support the NSC II by obtaining universal sanitation coverage in over 100 villages but cannot secure official ODF certification without investment in public institutions, limiting its ability to report under Indicator 1.3. As a result of this, WARIDI has worked with USAID to develop a revised target for Indicator 1.3 and add a new indicator for universal sanitation, Indicator 1.6. • Supporting timely and accurate quarterly updates for NSMIS is still a challenge. To ensure that the sanitation data entered into the NSMIS is accurate, it is important to validate the data from the source before it is captured in the system. This allows the LGA to correct the mistakes which might have been encountered during data collection and therefore guarantee the accuracy of the data.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 44 • To collect data efficiently and accurately, capacity building, incentives and accountability measures must be applied to the data collectors on a regular basis. • Community leaders and LGA ownership in fostering the construction of improved latrines has increased commitment and follow-up on sanitation. Practitioners’ sharing platforms have been useful in different LGAs to give sanitation progress updates and share innovative approaches across actors, e.g. monthly meeting in Mufindi, Whats-app group in Kilombero, etc. • Involving community leaders in self-assessment for ODF internal verification and external verification has created space for the LGA, ward, village and sub-village leadership to strengthen their monitoring systems and develop follow-up actions on sanitation and hygiene, specifically latrine construction. • Support for the external verification exercise has been appreciated by DHOs and RHOs as they have never done the exercise before, giving them an eye opener on the use of ODF verification guide and coordination role in future.

Sub-Task 1.1.2: ODF Campaigns Timing Comments Inputs First 5 LGAs (Kilolo, Kilosa, Mvomero, Iringa, Kilombero DCs) Provide data collection & assessment tools per ODF verification Q1 to Q4 Sanitation registers, and certification guideline data aggregation forms being used Conducting ODF Campaigns (capacity building, triggering & Q1 to Q4 Grants have ended follow up) and over 103 villages were externally verified for universal sanitation Second 5 LGAs (Morogoro, Ulanga, Mufindi DCs; Mafinga TC, Iringa MC) Prepare and issue ODF RFA for 2nd phase 5 LGA Q1 Completed, Mafinga TC and Iringa MC excluded Collect and analyze bids for 2nd phase 5 LGA Q1 Completed, Mafinga TC and Iringa MC excluded Final 10 LGAs: (Bagamoyo, Malinyi, Njombe, Chalinze, Gairo, Mbarali, Wanging’ombe DCs, Njombe, Ifakara TCs, and Morogoro MC)23 Prepare and issue ODF RFA for 3rd phase 10 LGA Q1 Completed, Morogoro MC, Ifakara TC and Njombe TC excluded General Support translation & finalization of 2 guidelines (CLTS guideline Q1 ODF guideline has & ODF verification and certification guideline) been approved, the CLTS guideline is pending Support translation & finalization of sanitation guidelines and Q1-Q4 Translation tools like School WASH guideline, Latrine options, etc. completed, still

23 WARIDI will work with the LGA to assess the need for a district-wide ODF campaign before issuing an RFA. Factors to be considered include the presence of other development partners supporting similar interventions and the urban/peri urban characteristics of some Town and Municipal Councils.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 45 Sub-Task 1.1.2: ODF Campaigns Timing Comments waiting for approval from MOH to print & distribute. Support Grantees engagement at regional and LGA level Q1 to Q4 Grantees are working hand in hand with LGAs; Grantee reports are shared back with LGAs for cross checking Support verification of accuracy and data analysis based on Q1-Q4 Baseline data sanitation registers, analyze data and report findings/results collection in 9 LGAs and quarterly sanitation data updates in 5 LGAs in progress Conduct quarterly monitoring visits Q1-Q4 Completed Support printing and distribution of sanitation registers in 15 Q1, Q2 & Distribution of first remaining LGAs Q3 batch as per contract is done Continuous provision is done to Grantees as it requires Outputs Finalized and approved Swahili ODF, CLTS and other Q1-Q4 Completed documents and tools Reports on ODF campaigns Q1 to Q4 Completed List of villages and households engaged in ODF campaigns as Q1 to Q4 549 villages and a per sanitation registers total of 301,383 List of communities verified as Universal open defecation free Q1 to Q4 103 villages (ODF) as per WARIDI indicators Number of translated sanitation guidelines Q1 All guidelines are translated and two are awaiting MOH approval; the ODF guideline has been approved Number of sanitation registers provided/distributed Q1-Q4 3,534 registers were distributed to 3,164 sub villages in 5 LGAs. 4,071 Registers were distributed to sub villages in 8 LGAs.

Reports from monitoring activities Q1-Q4 ODF Grantees technical support visits Milestone review activities

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 46 Sub-task 1.2.1: At-scale, demand-led, evidence based social behavior change campaign In FY18, WARIDI worked with the MOHCDGEC and CLEAR to support the National BCC campaign. The program developed T-shirts, banners, radio messages, and posters for grantees to use in their activities that align with the National BCC theme. Community sensitization meetings involving iconic people like Regional Commissioners have been used to channel BCC messages to communities with the same theme “Usichukulie poa, Nyumba ni choo.” Grantees have used local media to sensitize community on improving their sanitation and hygiene status. A total of three grantees HAPA in Kilombero, WEPMO in Bagamoyo and MAMADO have been able to air the sanitation and hygiene messages through newspapers, radios and LGAs gaining district, regional and national coverage.

Sub-task 1.2.1: SBCC Campaigns Timing Comments Inputs Participate in the launch of National BCC campaign Q1 USAID represented WARIDI at this event. Make use of National BCC materials in all WARIDI Q2-Q4 Materials have been implementing LGAs distributed and are in use in 8 LGAs Support printing and distribution of translated guidelines Q1, Q2 & Waiting for approvals (CLTS, ODF verification & certification, School WASH, Q3 from MOHCDGEC, etc.) in 20 LGAs ODF guide has been approved Engage in partnerships with CLEAR and HNI to support Q1-Q4 Linked with Task 3.0 the BCC intervention Outputs Number of promotional materials printed and distributed Q2, Q3, Q4 Documents on National BCC campaign translated Q2

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 47 Intermediate Result 2: Governance: Strengthened Governance for Sustainable and Resilient Management of Water Resources and Services under a Changing Climate

Task 2.1: Strengthen capacity of river basin, local, District and national governance institutions

Sub-Task 2.1.1. Strengthen capacity of Water Users Associations (WUAs) in selected Districts

Early in Q1 of FY18, WUA Baseline Capacity Assessment documents (namely: The Baseline Capacity Assessment Tool, User’s Guidelines and the Baseline Capacity Assessment Report for four WUAs (Kisangata and Ngerengere Juu B in Wami-Ruvu and Mtitu and Lukosi Chini WUAs in Rufiji BWBs) were submitted to USAID as completed project deliverables. Copiesof the same documents were also distributed to Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWBs during the end of Q1. The first two documents were also submitted in electronic form to MoWI, ready for tabling to MoWI Senior Management for review and consideration for use nationwide. The documents are labelled with the GoT and the two BWBs’ Logos as advised by the MoWI. As this report was being prepared, the reports had not been discussed at management level in the MoWI. A formal letter has now been submitted to the MoWI Permanent Secretary with copies to the Director of Water Resources Division. The initial baseline capacity assessment reports recommended capacity building measures to the WUAs that were assessed. WARIDI facilitated three days of training at Mafinga Town from February 27th to March 3rd for three (3) WUAs – JUBDOMLYA (Ndembera River) located in Mufindi and Iringa and JUWAMACHI (Lukosi River) and MTITU in Kilolo Districts, all in Rufiji BWB. The training covered gender and enhancing WUA leaders’ knowledge on the National Water Policy (NAWAPO 2002), the Water Resources Management Act (WRM Act No 11 of 2009) and Regulations. 29 WUA leaders attended the training, with six (6) District Facilitation Team (DFT) members, five (5) basin staff and WARIDI’s Basin Support Specialist participating as facilitators. Furthermore, training was conducted in Wami Ruvu BWB between 22nd and 30th March 2018 to three (3) WUAs namely: Wami, Kisangata and Ngerengere Juu B. A total of 59 WUAs members and 8 LGA staffs were trained on IWRM Policies, Regulations and Guidelines and Gender and Youth Inclusion (GIYI) in IWRM. The training of each WUA in Wami-Ruvu BWB was preceded by elections of new WUA leaders as tenure of those in office had already expired. According to the regulations/guidelines for WUAs leadership, management teams (office bearers) can only occupy office for a term of three years and can be re-elected for a maximum of two terms. Management teams in these WUAs had been in office for 5-13 years without re-election. A total of 32 newly elected leaders (11 in Wami, 11 in Kisangata and 10 in Ngerengere Juu B) were trained. In addition to training on IWRM Policies, Regulations and Guidelines and Gender and Youth Inclusion (GIYI) in IWRM, the new leaders were also introduced to four key capacity areas that revealed large gaps during the WARIDI supported WUA capacity assessment. The areas included: report writing, planning, budgeting and management of finances. The WUA leaders were also introduced to governance issues focussing on leadership and management skills in IWRM. Facilitation was provided by representatives of District facilitation teams, Wami-Ruvu BWB community development staff with backstopping support from WARIDI BWB support specialist. The IR1 team and additional selected IR1-targeted LGAs also participated in this training as a way of addressing gaps realized during Organizational Capacity Assessments (OCA) for the LGAs and leveraging resources

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 48 among various WARIDI project components. WARIDI also provided 6 Motorcycles to the 6 assessed WUAs, 3 in each Basin to assist the WUA leader’s movements to perform their roles. At the beginning of Q3, four additional WUAs were identified for WUA baseline capacity assessment to be conducted jointly by BWBs, LGAs, MoWI, WUAs and WARIDI, using the BCAT submitted to MoWI. Identified WUAs were: MAMREMA and JUWABOMA all located in Mbarali district in Rufiji basin and NGERENGERE CHINI and MIYOMBO located in Morogoro and Kilosa Districts, respectively in Wami-Ruvu Basin. The WUAs were selected based on their unique features such as involvement in water allocation and use conflicts, accessibility, high increase in livestock stocking density, and river meandering. Baseline capacity assessment of 4 WUAs in the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWBs was completed the week of 8th June 2018 bringing the number of WUAs assessed to 10, the total targeted WUAs in YR3 AWP. The assessment aimed at verifying and confirming the usefulness and adequacy of the tool and to determine capacity needs to be addressed for the assessed WUAs to improve their governance capacity in their mandate. The WUA Capacity assessment exercise results indicated need for immediate actions, which include re- election of WUA representatives from sub village levels to the highest level possible following the WUA Formation guidelines, making sure all key stakeholder’s in Water Resources Management are well represented; as well as strengthening capacity of WUA leaders and village governments. In this regard the two Basin Water Boards and WARIDI agreed that, capacity building of WUAs through re-election according to the WUAs formation guideline should be given preference over formation of new WUAs. Supporting election will enable WUAs to operate within the legal boundary of re-election after every 3 years as well bridge the gap between village leaders and Water User Groups at the villages with the WUA leadership. WARIDI supported Refresher Training and Election of WUA Leaders in MAMREMA and JUWABOMBA WUAs in Rufiji Basin between 17th – 30th September. This activity involved;

• Awareness creation meetings and selection of 5 representatives in 24 villages that form JUWABOMA and MAMREMA WUAs in Mbarali and Makete respectively • General elections of 8 members of the executive committees of the JUWABOMA and MAMREMA WUAs Also, WARIDI supported Wami-Ruvu Basin to conduct awareness meetings and election of new leaders for Ngerengere Chini (Morogoro DC) and Miyombo (Kilosa DC) Water Users Association in Wami- Ruvu Basins between 24th September and 6th October 2018. Results included: • 1,239 people (390 Women and 849 Men) in Miyombo and 828 people (288 women and 540 Men) in Ngerengere Chini WUA making a total of 2,067 people were reached with awareness messages on: IWRM institution framework and roles of each unit, water sources protection, and roles of village level WUAs representatives and village leaders in water sources protection/by-law enforcement. See Annex 5 and 6 for the WUA training report on election of new leaders and refresher training for Ngerengere WUAs. • Generally, awareness creation meetings and WUA leader’s elections have led to achievement of indicator 2.4: whereby 2 WUAs (institutions) have improved capacity in land and water management with USG assistance. It also has contributed to indicator 2.9: whereby 2,067 people were educated on tools, approaches, and/or methods for water security, integrated water resource management, and/or water source protection as a result of USG assistance.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 49 Sub-Task 2.1.1 Strengthen capacity of Timing Comments Water Users Associations (WUAs) in selected Districts Inputs Finalize WUA baseline capacity assessment Q1 Final Draft Tool and Users Guidelines and monitoring tool, including Users’ completed and submitted to USAID and Guide/Manual MOWI Training six WUAs on: IWRM Policies, Q2 Completed, including election of new Regulations and Guidelines, Gender in IWRM leaders for ten WUAs Identification of essential equipment/tools Q1-2 WARIDI provided 6 Motorcycles to 6 WUAs required for six target WUAs among 10 that has been assessed Study tour (s) or exchange visits to well Q3 Suspended performing WUAs (e.g. Pangani) Baseline capacity assessment of four (4) Q2-4 Completed additional WUAs Support the formation of new WUAs in Q4 Capacity building of WUAs through re- strategic areas election instead of formation of new WUAs Outputs Agreed capacity-building plan in place for six Q1 Planned for the FY19 (6) WUA Capacity development activities implemented Q3 As above as per plan Equipment and tools provided Q3 As above

Sub-task 2.1.2. Strengthen Capacity of Basin Boards

During Year 3 (FY 2018), WARIDI supported improving the capacity of the two BWBs through provision of both financial and technical support as well as trainings. Priorities for capacity building included actions proposed through meetings of MoWI’s technical working group (TWG-1) on water resources management and other forums.

Most support focused on facilitating the BWBs to hold stakeholder forums to discuss and decide IWRM issues. For both BWBs, WARIDI supported development and printing materials and tools (leaflets, brochures and maps) for implementing the BWB’s Communication strategies. Additional support was provided for awareness campaigns and protection of major water resources at risk (Mindu Dam, Tindiga and Kambala wetlands in Wami-Ruvu and Balali and Rungemba wetlands in Rufiji BWB). Basin staffs also benefitted from training on climate change adaptation, IWRM, and GIYI conducted by WARIDI and our partners.

Early in Q2, Wami-Ruvu Basin Water board received a new Basin Water Officer, IWRM Governance Specialist together with Wami-Ruvu Basin Support Specialist visited and held discussions with the new Officer (WRBWO) responding to his request to meet WARIDI for induction and more discussions on BWB’s priority activity areas: • Support from WARIDI to convene a second stakeholder workshop for IWRM Development Plan. COP approved the request. • Requested WARIDI to support demarcation beacons around the 500 meters buffer zone of the Mindu Dam, Morogoro’s Municipal biggest water supply source which is under threat after the surrounding community’s invasion. This activity was approved and preparation for demarcation are in the process.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 50 Information dissemination materials and communication strategy WARIDI’s Communication Specialist assisted the IR 2 team to review the Basin Water Boards’ information dissemination materials, following the review, WARIDI supported printing of Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji Basin Water Board Communication Materials/Strategy Document for awareness creation targeting IWRM stakeholders during special annual events such as Maji Week, Nane, etc. Materials printed include: BWB maps with important features, information leaflets for specific IWRM aspects in the Basin, roll-out banners with messages of: roles of BWB in WRM, water permitting requirements, permits for boreholes drilling, etc.

Approval of IWRMD Plan for Rufiji and preparation of IWRMD Plan for Wami-Ruvu BWB

WARIDI supported the Rufiji BWB both financially and logistically to convene the Board’s quarterly meeting held on 6-7th February 2018. Among its other activities, the Board approved implementation of the Basin’s IWRMD Plan, following approval and endorsement of Plan’s compulsory Social and Environmental Actions (SEA) Plan. WARIDI was represented in the meeting by WARIDI’s Basin support specialist.

In Q1 & Q4, WARIDI supported development of the IWRMD Plan for Wami-Ruvu Basin through convening 2 stakeholders’ dialogue workshops to discuss IWRM plan development – inception and interim reports. The WARIDI provide support for the Panel of Expert’s meetings either prior or after the main stakeholder’s workshops. (See additional details in sub-Task 2.1.3).

Also, WARIDI contributed to development of IWRM Development Plan for Wami-Ruvu basin through supporting field visit expenses for basin (and MoWI) staff.

Sub-Task 2.1.2 Strengthen Capacity of Basin Boards Timing Comments Inputs Implementation of priority capacity-building measures for Q2 and Ongoing Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu basins Ongoing Training for Basin Board Members on roles, responsibilities Q2 Planned for FY19 and leadership in IWRM refresher training to newly appointed Basin Board Members Training for Basin Board Staff on information management Q2, Suspended (report writing documentation, information dissemination, ongoing etc.) Contribute to development of IWRM Development Plan for Q1-2 WARIDI provided financial basin through supporting field visit expenses for basin staff support to MOWI and Wami-Ruvu Basin staff accompanying IWRMD Plan Consultant Contribute to development of IWRM Development Plan for Q1-2 WARIDI supported basin to support stakeholders’ dialogue workshops to be stakeholder’s workshop conducted during IWRM plan development and PoE meeting to review the Interim report for the IWRMD Plan development. Assess suitability and impacts of PAF implementation in Q2 Suspended Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWBs Outputs Basins CD activities implemented as per plan Q3-4 Enhanced institutional capacity of the two basin boards Q3-4

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 51 Sub-Task 2.1.3: Enhance Stakeholder Awareness, Consultation and involvement/participation in IWRM Activities

Preparations for convening a second stakeholders’ workshop in collaboration with Wami-Ruvu basin were completed in Q2. The workshop aimed at reviewing the Interim Report for preparation of the BWB’s IWRMD Plan already developed by the Consultant. The Interim Report is focusing on two key components of the assignment namely: (1) Review of studies on Water Resources Management and Development in Wami-Ruvu Basin and (2) Preparation of Sectorial/Thematic Water Plans.

WARIDI helped organize a multi-stakeholder’s workshop in Rufiji BWB during in April 2018. The two- day workshop organised in collaboration with the Rufiji BWB discussed pertinent IWRM issues in the Great Ruaha sub-basin including but not limited to: An overview of key aspects of Rufiji Basin, the concept of IWRM, roles of multi-stakeholders in sustainable water resources management, impacts of climate change on fresh water resources and respective adaptation options; and results of climate change impacts assessments conducted by WARIDI in year 2. The workshop attracted participants from sector related ministries, government institutions, private sector, civil society organizations, big and small water users and community institutions and members. WARIDI staff provided specific information on (1) Impacts of Climate Change on Fresh Water Resources and Adaptation Initiatives and (2) Results of climate change impacts assessments conducted by WARIDI in year 2.

Other Strategic partnership activities WARIDI was invited and participated at two stakeholder workshops related to the work we are doing. They included: Inception Workshop on: Advancing Water Resources Management Analytics in support of Multi- Sectoral Coordination and Resilient Investment Prioritization for Wami-Ruvu Basin. The half-day workshop held in Dodoma was organized by the Basin Board in collaboration with the Ministry of Water and Irrigation and the World Bank. The WARIDI Basin Support Specialist for Wami-Ruvu BWB attended the workshop. Stakeholders’ workshop on: Kilombero landscape management. The workshop organized by AWF was held in Ifakara. The theme of the workshop was engaging multiple stakeholders to establish a forum for resources sharing in improving management of the landscape natural resources. WARIDI’s Basin Support Specialist for Rufiji BWB attended. A taskforce was established to follow up on this, composed of representatives from the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Settlement Development, Land Commission, LGAs, NGOs and Private sector and led by AWF in close collaboration with TFCG.

• 2 Multi-stakeholder workshops organized in collaboration with Rufiji BWB were held at Mafinga and Ifakara for Great Ruaha and Kilombero catchments on 19th - 20th April 2018 and 19th - 20th June 2018. The workshops aimed at enhancing stakeholders’ understanding of Rufiji basin, roles of the BWB, IWRM as a tool for water resources management and stakeholders’ roles in addressing water resources management challenges, impacts of climate change and climate change hotspots identified during the vulnerability assessment in the basin. The events were officially opened by the Iringa Regional Commissioner and Kilombero DC respectively and participants included: representatives from Five Regional secretariats, 17 LGAs, Private sector, Non-Governmental organizations, Basin Water Board, other government Institutions, Water User Associations and WARIDI.

In September, WARIDI supported Wami-Ruvu Basin Water Board (WRBWB) to successfully resolve a long-lasting conflict between Mkindo WUA and Kambala village pastoralist community.

WARIDI supported Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji Basin Water Boards to participate in the 88 farmers’ day exhibitions.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 52 • Wami-Ruvu Basin participated in the Farmers Day exhibitions in Morogoro, the objectives of participating in the Nane Nane Farmers Exhibitions were met. • A total 104 visitors were captured in the Wami-Ruvu registration book. The visitors included influential leaders and decision makers like; the guest of honor, the Tanga District Commissioner honorable Thobias Mwilapwa, Rozalia Rwegasira RS Morogoro, Dr. Elizabeth Mshite RS DSM, Shekh Ahmed RAS Tanga, Aron Daudi Mhina DAS Tanga, Yibarila Chiza Kamele DAICO Handeni and Yona L Maki DC Mkinga. Visitors were welcomed by a multi-disciplinary team of staff from Wami-Ruvu BWB and WUA leaders who raised their awareness about Integrated Water Resources Management. Different materials were collected by participants including materials on permit request forms, brochures, briefs, study reports, and the simplified water policy and act which were produced with support from USAID.

Sub-Task 2.1.3 Enhance Stakeholder Awareness, Timing Comments Consultation and involvement/ participation in IWRM Activities Inputs Multi-sectoral stakeholders’ forum meetings conducted Q2, Q4 National, Catchment and Sub- at Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWBs catchment forum convened Participation of WUAs and Basin Boards at (4) multi- Q1-4 Though BWBs were ready to sectoral stakeholder forums at Region and District participate information from RS and levels in respective basins DCs on the schedule for this meeting did not reach on time Facilitate multi stakeholders dialogue to resolve water Ongoing Two multi stakeholders dialogue use conflicts conducted, one in each Basin. See Annex 6 for WUAs Conflict Resolution Report Support BWBs to disseminate communication strategy Q1-2 IWRM communication materials for their basin IWRM Development Plans prepared with support from WARIDI (i.e. Banners, maps, leaflets, etc.) has been handled over to the two basins for dissemination during various water related Events.

Sub-task 2.1.4 Strengthening the Capacity of COWSOs for Improved Water Supply

In FY18, WARIDI grantees successfully implemented one-year grants in its first five LGAs to support COWSO registration, formation and training. The program also began implementation of eight additional grants in its second and third phase LGAs in Q3 of FY18. In Year 3 the COWSO grantees supported 17,064 people gain access to more reliable water services through the rehabilitation and extension of existing systems. Results for each LGA are broken down for the first five LGAs in Table 7 below.

Table 7: COWSOs capacity building results on WP repairs, scheme extension & reliability

LGA Current WP status Total Beneficiaries Iringa DC Water point repairs 1,863 Mvomero Scheme extension 464 Water point 1,519 Kilolo DC Scheme extension 4,450 Water point repairs 3,423 Kilosa Water point repairs 1,858 Kilombero Scheme extension 1,034

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 53 LGA Current WP status Total Beneficiaries Water point repairs 2,130 Improved reliability 323 Total 17,064

COWSO Strengthening for First Five LGAs

COWSO Strengthening grants in the first five LGAs began implementation in Q3 of FY17 and ended in Q4 of FY18, though some grants will not be officially closed until Q1 of FY19. These grants focused on COWSO professionalization and training, including establishment and registration per GOT guidelines. The grants were awarded to local NGOs who worked hand-in-hand with LGA staff to provide technical oversight and backstopping to COWSOs. Each grantee provided training to COWSOs based on the Government of Tanzania’s COWSO trainer’s manual. Training focused on administrative, financial and general operations and management skills. Additional training modules outside of the government training manual were also included on gender and climate change adaptation. Other grantee activities included an LGA-wide inventory of COWSO capacity and water point mapping to support the DFID funded Payment by Results (PbR) scheme. A summary of achievements by LGA is in table 8 below. Results tables below show the change obtained before and after WARIDI interventions with COWSOs.

Table 8: Summary of new and existing COWSOs in 1st five LGAs

LGA Number of COWSOs Number of Total Number of formed, registered and existing COWSOs COWSOs Trained trained trained Kilosa DC 5 6 11 Mvomero DC 11 39 50 Kilombero DC 9 18 27 Iringa DC 10 17 27 Kilolo DC 5 12 17 Total 40 92 132

For each existing COWSO, grantees completed a Competency Assessment (CIT) to gauge their capacity in Governance, Technical, Financial, and Operational Management. New COWSOs were only assessed at the end of the grant. On average, there was an increase of 46% and 14% partially and fully operational COWSOs by end-line.

Table 9: Change in results of CIT results for COWSOs in 1st five LGAs

Name of Grantee COWSOs 20-29 Minimally 50-74 Partially 75-100 Fully LGA operational Operational operational Mvomero EMAC 50 21 23 6 Kilosa SAWA 11 0 5 6 Kilombero CEMDO 27 10 14 3 Iringa IECA 27 0 25 2 Kilolo PDF 17 1 10 6 Total 132 31 77 23 End line 23% 58% 17% Percentage Baseline 104 78% 12% 3%

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 54 Name of Grantee COWSOs 20-29 Minimally 50-74 Partially 75-100 Fully LGA operational Operational operational Change in 28 -55% 46% 14% Results WARIDI’s theory of change for the grants was that formally registered and better-trained COWSOs would provide better water services. This theory is probably valid, but the program had no mechanism for tracking improvements in water services for most of the grant implementation period and cannot give definitive results given the difficulty of measuring service levels before and after training. Most COWSOs had no records of users and payment rates, or of water service reliability. That said, by Q3 of the grants several of the COWSOs had set tariffs, opened bank accounts, collected revenue and rehabilitated water systems as a result of training and support. Tariff setting and revenue collection should improve water services, but without a baseline, WARIDI cannot show how this might have increased reliability of services. The implementation period of the grants was also too short to accurately track improvements. However, the program can report that 17,064 people received improved water services because of COWSO capacity building as a result of training and revenue collection based on the number of water points that were directly rehabilitated or constructed.

COWSO Strengthening in Second and Third Phase LGAs

In Q3 of FY18 WARIDI began implementing COWSO strengthening grants in its second and third phase LGAs including Bagamoyo DC, Gairo DC, Morogoro DC, Mufindi DC, Njombe DC, Wanging’ombe, Malinyi DC and Ulanga DC. No COWSO grants were issued in urban LGAs or in Chalinze or Mbarali DCs. These grants were re-designed to focus less on formation and registration of COWSOs in order to provide more support to existing COWSOs. Grantees still supported LGA-wide water point mapping and completed a water infrastructure assessment to identify potential schemes for direct construction support. Rather than finishing the grant with training as was the case in the first five LGAs, these grantees will train all COWSOs in Milestone 3 (Q1 of FY19) and focus on technical support for operations and maintenance for the remainder of the grant in Milestones 4 and 5 (Q2 and Q3 of FY19). Grantees are also required to support COWSOs to implement financial management systems, develop facility management plans, and set tariffs. WARIDI is planning to realign grants in Milestones 4 and 5 to focus only on areas where COWSOs are receiving direct support from WARIDI.

In milestone 1 (FY18 Q4), grantees completed a baseline assessment of COWSO capacity using the CIT tool. 7 COWSOs were found to be fully operational which is 5% of the total COWSOs assessed across the 8 LGAs. 42 COWSOs were found to be partially operational (30%), and 88 COWSOs, or 65%, were found to be minimally operational. The results of COWSOs that were assessed by grantees can be found in Table 10 below.

Table 10: CCM results for existing COWSOs in 2nd round LGAs

LGA Minimally Operational Partially Operational Fully Operational Bagamoyo DC 9 2 1 Gairo DC 9 2 0 Morogoro DC 12 15 4 Mufindi DC 14 3 0 Njombe DC 10 11 1 Wanging’ombe 18 2 0 DC Malinyi DC 4 1 0 Ulanga DC 12 6 1 Total 88 42 7

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 55 In Q4 of FY18, the grantees began a process to form new COWSOs in a limited number of LGAs including Bagamoyo DC, Gairo DC, Malinyi DC and Ulanga DC. A list of all supported COWSOs is in the table below.

Table 11: List of new and existing COWSOs in 2nd LGAs

LGAs New COWSOs being formed Existing COWSOs Total COWSOs Bagamoyo DC 2 12 14 Gairo DC 4 11 15 Morogoro DC 0 31 31 Mufindi DC 0 17 17 Njombe DC 0 22 22 Wanging’ombe 0 20 20 DC Malinyi DC 5 5 10 Ulanga DC 2 19 21 Total 13 137 150

The grantees also developed capacity building plans with their respective LGAs, including modules on PbR, Gender and Climate Change Adaptation (CC-A) based on the training they received from WARIDI. Grantees also attended training on facilitating the development of Facility Management Plans and Business Plans by WARIDI, which are based on GOT training materials. These templates are attached in Annex 2, Business and Facility Management.

Gender Integration and Youth Inclusion (GIYI)

GIYI is a vital cross-cutting area for WARIDI. All COWSO grantees were mandated to include a module on gender and youth inclusion in their COWSO training plans. In Q4, WARIDI facilitated GIYI training for all new Grantees at Mikumi. Under the GOT’s 2002 Water Policy, it is mandated that COWSO leadership be gender balanced. At the community level, it is increasingly accepted that women should play an important role in water management and that this role could be enhanced through gender mainstreaming. For many existing COWSOs that were not mandated to hold recent elections, it was not possible to change current leadership, which is mostly male. But, for newly formed COWSOs, training and awareness on gender balance resulted in higher numbers of women being elected to COWSO leadership roles. Figure one below shows an example of female leadership in 16 new COWSOs out of 40 COWSOs in the first five LGAs.

Figure 1: New COWSO leadership by gender

Female leaders

Male Leaders

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% percentage

Iringa DC Kilombero

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 56 Development of COWSO Capacity Building Tools

In FY18, WARIDI Institutional Support Staff reviewed GOT templates for facility management plans and business plans. The training modules developed by the GOT have descriptions but do not contain full templates, so WARIDI further developed the GOT instructions into user-friendly templates that can be adapted and filled out by COWSOs. WARIDI worked with its engineering, institutional support and private sector team to develop the templates, which are available in English and Swahili. Grantees were introduced to the templates in Q4 of FY18 during a workshop in Mikumi. These templates are a core component of well-functioning COWSOs and provide an overview of their system, set out an operation and maintenance schedule, and help them maintain financial records. The templates contain examples of tools that grantees can print and prepare for COWSOs, including a tariff calculation template, a preventative and reactive maintenance log and monthly profit/loss statements. All of the tools together will enable the COWSO to transparently record and report their schemes functionality and finances to the community. The capacity of each COWSO varies, and the templates will require customization based on the needs of the individual COWSO. Copies of the templates are included as Annex 2 of Business and Facility Management Team in IR1 folder.

Challenges and Lessons Learned

• While LGAs and COWSOs appreciated the training received, to be successful many of the COWSOs also require direct rehabilitation and extension support for their schemes to actually improve water services • Capacity building for COWSOs requires more than a one-year grant; grantees in the first five LGAs have only just completed training and have had limited time to provide follow-up support to COWSOs; many COWSOs are in the process of making improvements (opening bank accounts, setting tariffs, rehabilitating water points) and require further technical support • Tariff setting is generally accepted by communities with pumped water schemes but not by communities with gravity schemes; COWSOs who have gravity-fed schemes have a difficult time collecting revenue, and fees are set are very low. That said, tariff-setting and revenue collection did improve after training and additional sensitization could further improve results.

Sub-Task 2.1.4: COWSO STRENGTHENING Timing Comments Inputs First 5 LGA LGA-wide COWSO registration and capacity building in 5 Q1 to Q4 Grants completed in LGAs per COWSO CIT24 Q4 of FY18 2nd Five LGA Prepare and issue RFA for 2nd phase Q1 Complete. RFAs issued for Ulanga, Morogoro DC, and Mufindi DC; Mafinga TC and Iringa MC were withheld while WARIDI reassessed its strategy in urban areas. WARIDI will not issue grants in

24 CIT – Competency Index Tool

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 57 Sub-Task 2.1.4: COWSO STRENGTHENING Timing Comments urban LGAs for capacity building. Collect and analyze bids; make awards for 2nd phase Q1 to Q2 Completed in Q3 LGA-wide COWSOs registration and capacity building Q2 to Q4 Implementation began in June 2018 (Q3) Final 10 LGA Prepare and issue RFA for 3rd phase Q2 RFAs for Wanging’ombe, Bagamoyo, Malinyi, Chalinze, Gairo, Mbarali and Njombe were released. RFAs for Morogoro MC, Njombe TC and Ifakara TC were withheld while WARIDI reassessed its strategy in urban areas. Grants will not be released in urban LGAs for water supply capacity building. Collect and analyze bids; make awards for 3rd phase Q2 to Q3 Completed in Q3; No awards were made for Chalinze or Mbarali District Wide COWSOs registration and capacity building Q3 to Q4 Implementation began in June of Q3 Document Incremental Improvement In water service Q2 to Q4 1st and 2nd phase reliability LGAs Outputs First 5 LGA

132 new and existing COWSOs with Improved Scheme Q2,3 and Gants implemented Management Capacity serving 576,804 people measured 4 in Q4 of Year 2 – Q4 through the CIT of Year 3 2nd 5 LGA Award 5 LGA wide COWSO RFA Q2 Completed in Q2 137 existing COWSOs with Improved Scheme Management Q3 and Implementation Capacity serving 512,577 ( Male238,934; Female 273,643) Q4 began in Q3, no people results yet as capacity building will start in Q1 of Year 4 Final 10 LGA Award 10 LGA wide COWSO RFA Q3 Completed in Q3 Document Incremental Improvement In water service Q2 to Q4 reliability

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 58 Task 2.2 Improve data and information management for decision making Sub-Task 2.2.1 Upgrade and modernize data monitoring and information management systems

During FY18, WARIDI assisted the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWB Offices in fixing most of the hydromet instruments that were repairable. Also, WARIDI supported the two BWB Offices to prepare in-kind grant applications for purchase and installation of modern and low cost hydromet equipment to improve monitoring networks and data collection and analysis.

Significant progress was made during FY18 in the review of the hydraulic conditions and in conducting river discharge measurements of low flows during the dry season and high flows during the flood season. Work on the update of the rating curves fitting using the stage and flow data recently collected in the field and the newly acquired AQUARIUS software has been initiated.

WARIDI supported the two BWB Offices in the upgrade and operationalization of the existing BWB computer network servers; procurement and installation of AQUARIUS software for hydromet data acquisition, quality control, analysis, and management; and procurement of desktop computers for data entry and analysis.

WARIDI provided formal and hands on training on river flow measurement and rating curves review for more than 10 hydrographers and formal training for 10 hydrologists and technicians of the BWBs on the operation of the AQUARIUS software

In-kind Grant applications for procurement of hydrometric equipment

During Q1 & Q2, progress included: • Identification of items to be purchased through local providers and those through US suppliers. • Preparation of detailed specifications for equipment (particularly imports) and sharing with BWBs • Updating prices for the imported technical equipment to include shipping and customs/delivery charges to places of use (i.e., BWBs) • Submission of applications to Tetra Tech for formal approval process. • Negotiation meetings with both Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji Basin Water Boards. Major outcomes of the meetings were: - Confirmation on equipment to be procured directly through Tetra Tech home office and those to be procured by WARIDI through local suppliers. - Unit prices to reflect market prices from suppliers in U.S and locally - BWB to include their cost shares as a pre-requisite for WARIDI grant - Budget modified to include shipping charges (15%) and customs and delivery costs (30%) of the imported goods. - Agreed to revise the exchange rate from TZS 1,280/$ to the current TZS 2,200/$ - Revision of grant application documents to incorporate negotiated changes.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 59 • Grants applications submitted to Tt Home Office for further review and later to USAID for approval. USAID approved the grants at the end of the reporting period • Preparation of tender documents for supply of the equipment completed and requests for quotations (RFGs) advertised on newspaper media • Five bids (quotations) were received from prospective local suppliers following media adverts. The evaluation process is pending, evidently delayed due to departure of WARIDI procurement specialist. • Facilitated the process of opening the bid documents received from interested suppliers for other next procurement process to follow • Signing of a contract for the Hydromet equipment in-kind grant by Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji Basin Water Boards • Procurement started later towards the end of Q2 The procurement process continued for some aspects while equipment started being delivered in the respective Basins towards the end of Q3. Also, WARIDI in collaboration with CDM Smith supported 5 Wami-Ruvu Basin Staff to attend training on how to use SEBA technology equipment in Iringa. This happened while WARIDI was in the process of purchasing SEBA technology equipment for both Rufiji and WR BWB. WARIDI worked with CDM Smith and organized a training on SEBA loggers for Rufiji BWB staff. The organizers, CDM Smith showed readiness to involve Wami-Ruvu BWB in the training and Wami-Ruvu BWB staff confirmed the need for the training but did not have resources for supporting Wami-Ruvu Basin Staff to participate in this training.

Implementation of the plan for improving rating curves

Previously WARIDI worked in close cooperation with the Basin Water Boards to conduct a detailed needs-assessment for identified priority areas for water resources management in the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji Basins. Based on this, the project completed several plans for upgrading hydromet monitoring and information system management including a plan for rating curves improvement. Improving the quality of the rating curves is the single most effective way to improve the quality of (historic) discharge data. It was noted that accurate rating curves are lacking for over 50% of the discharge monitoring stations in the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji basins.

In January and February 2018, staff from Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu BWBs measured medium flows at priority sites as a follow-up to low flows analysis conducted in October and November 2017 in the two Basins. All measurements were conducted with technical support and guidance from WARIDI hydrology sub-contractor, Water for Life Solutions LLC (W4L). Starting from March 14th, W4L’s hydrology expert, Bart Hilhorst, conducted another mission to project sites for the purposes of:

1. Field visits to 18 stations to obtain accurate measurements of high flows and get a first-hand impression of the hydraulic conditions at the measurement sites 2. Review historic discharge data records for the selected stations 3. Combine the information gathered in 1-2 above to construct new rating curves for the selected stations; different stage-discharge formulas will be used for distinct segments of the rating curve 4. Conduct hands-on capacity building to the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWB Office staff participating in the rating curve improvement exercise

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 60 5. Prepare detailed reports for the hydrometric stations reviewed that present the station history, the flow profile and stability of the control section, and the results of the rating curve analysis The following results were achieved as part of this work: • Accurate discharge measurements of 8 rivers in Rufiji basin and 8 rivers in Wami-Ruvu basin; 12 rivers were measured at high flow conditions • Two additional stations—Mkondoa at Kilosa (1GD2) and Mbarali at Igawa (1KA11A)—were visited and reviewed; however, discharge could not be measured because of extreme flow conditions and associated safety concerns • Attempts to visit Mkondoa at Mbarawe and Kizigo at Ilangali were halted due to very bad roads. This confirmed the inaccessibility of these stations during the rainy season • Very high flows were measured—with considerable difficulties—at Kizigo at Chinugulu (1KA42A); discharge exceeded 300 m3/s. This magnitude of flood had not been measured at Chinugulu since the mid 1970-ies • Review of the high-flow segment of rating curves for 12 stations in the Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji basins • Review of 18 hydrometric stations with regard to hydraulic stability, accuracy of the rating curve, monitoring strategy, and the associated confidence in the historic time series. A detailed station reports will be presented in a separate document See Annex 9 for the detailed report on improvement on rating curves mission report by Bart Hilhorst Wami Ruvu rating curve March to April.

Rivers measured & rating curves reviewed WAMI – RUVU BASIN 1GD35 Miyombe at Kivungu 1GD36 Mkata at Mkata 1G1 Wami at Dakawa 1HB2 Mgeta at Mgeta 1H5 Ruvu at Kibungo 1HA3 Ngerengere at Kingolwira 1G2 Wami at Mandera 1H8A Ruvu at Morogoro Road Bridge RUFIJI BASIN 1KA3 Great Ruaha at Kidatu 1KA4A Great Ruaha at Msosa 1KA8A Great Ruaha at Salimwani 1KA9 Kimani at GNR 1KA33B Ndembera at Madibira 1KA42A Kizigo at Chinugulu

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 61 Rivers measured & rating curves reviewed 1KA59 Great Ruaha at Msembe 1KA62 Bubu at Chiboli

Summary of findings, recommendations and conclusions from the period

• For Wami-Ruvu basin, all priority stations have now been visited and reviewed while in Rufiji, all except four (Rufiji at Stiegler’s Gorge, Rufiji at Utete, Luwegu below the confluence, and Luhombero at Luhombero) have been visited and reviewed. Flood measurements of these large rivers will be implemented using the new equipment (boat, ADCP with RTK) in next year’s flood season. Large rivers include Rufiji at Stiegler’s Gorge, Rufiji at Utete, Luwegu below the confluence, Kilombero at Ifakara, and Kilombero at Ifwema.

• Two stations in Wami-Ruvu (Mkondoa at Mbarahwe and Ruvu at Mikula) and another two in Rufiji Basin (Great Ruaha at Nyaluhange and Kizigo at Ilangali) cannot be reached during heavy rains due to inaccessibility

• Two stations in Wami-Ruvu (Tami at Msowero and Kisangati at Mvumi) and another two in Rufiji Basin (Great Ruaha at Haussmann bridge, Mtera at Mtera dam) have been abandoned and replaced with others at the request of BWBs due to their importance and the consistency of the hydrometric monitoring network.

• The rating curve review implemented by WARIDI is used directly by USAID-funded IRRIP2 project for the environmental flow analysis. The WARIDI and IRRIP2 programs are complementary and an effective coordination mechanism was established between the two programs.

• Discharge monitoring should be more strategic and site visits should be scheduled as a function of the hydraulic characteristics of the stations and specific data needs (e.g. for the high flow segment of the rating curve). Routine river flow measurement for stations that have stable river beds and stable hydraulic profile are not necessary, once enough data has been collected to establish the rating curve.

• Many stilling wells were silted. Many rivers are flashy and two stage recordings per day do not capture the flood wave. This implies that automatic water level recording instruments are needed, hence it is worth testing radar sensors despite recognized concerns about vandalism.

• Discharge measurement during high flows is dangerous. The BWO offices currently do not have equipment to safely measure floods in large rivers. It is noted that this equipment—i.e. boats and ADCP with RTK—has been included in the Grant Application.

• Swimming skills of BWO field staff are inadequate. This needs to be addressed urgently. All staff entering the measurement boat must know how to swim.

• BWO field staff are proficient in using hydro-acoustic Q-liners instruments for discharge measurement. No further training is needed in using the existing equipment.

• The rating curves generally do not fit the format used by the BWOs (i.e. “Q = a x (h – b) ^ c”). a = scaling factor b = offset c = combined velocity & area exponent Q = discharge

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 62 h = water depth It introduces a substantial but unnecessary ‘processing’ error in the historic time series due to low flows being substantially underestimated. It was advised to use a multi-segment rating curve. Aquarius Rating Curve Tool is a good software for fitting composite rating curves. Hence rating curves should and will be re-established after introducing the Aquarius package.

• Defensible rating curves must be based on high quality data points. The number of high quality discharge measurements for most stations is insufficient. It was therefore advised to continue the measurement campaign by BWO field staff in the months of April to June.

• Equipment failure is not uncommon. It was therefore advised to carry multiple instruments on field trips to remote sites. In this regard, it is advised to fix the Qliners at the respective BWO offices. This is a simple exercise in which radio modems of the Qliner and associated hand-held device need to be paired.

• High flows measurements were conducted as part of implementation of the plan for improving rating curves of priority hydromet stations in the Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu basins under W4L consultant and WARIDI Basin support specialists support. Hands-on training was conducted for the eight basin staff by the W4L consultant during high measurements on development and improvement of the rating curves at the Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu basins. See Annex 9 for the detailed report on improvement on rating curves mission report by Bart Hilhorst Wami Ruvu rating curve March to April.

Sub-Task 2.2.1 Upgrade and modernize data monitoring Timing Comments and information management systems Inputs Continue assisting basins in troubleshooting and fixing Q1, Not done during the Hydromet monitoring equipment ongoing quarter Procurement of Hydromet monitoring equipment Q2 the procurement of the Hydromet equipment’s started and it is being finalised Start implementation of the plan for improving rating curves of Q3, Two measurement priority Hydromet stations in the two river basins. ongoing missions carried out one during medium and another during high flows Establish community partnerships in Hydromet monitoring Q1, Preliminary assessments areas to adopt citizen science instruments-low cost ongoing of potential candidates monitoring conducted by BWBs. Implementation waiting for purchase and installation of equipment expected to be completed by end of June 2018. Improvement of data quality control, validation, and Q1, AQUARIUS database in management ongoing place and initiation of data quality control, validation, and management in both Basins Scoping for inclusion of Earth Observations in BWB Offices Q1, Dependent on purchase of data streams ongoing equipment Outputs Hydromet data integration Q4

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 63 Sub-Task 2.2.1 Upgrade and modernize data monitoring Timing Comments and information management systems Installation and training on Aquarius Q3

Sub-Task 2.2.2 Improve decision support tools for water sector decision-making

Through W4L, WARIDI implemented the following activities during the reporting period:

• Held opening plenary sessions with the “IMS Team” in each BWB. The IMS team is formed by key staff responsible for Information Management System (IMS). Eleven (11) staff members from Rufiji and nine (9) from Wami-Ruvu BWBs participated in the sessions. These staff were identified during the August 2017 mission by Mohamed Chebaane and Tim Bondelid, both of W4L. The plenary sessions focused on IMS data management principles and were used to better refine which staff are primary contacts for the various data types in the BWB. Key BWBs staffs were identified for AQUARIUS and other database management systems (DBMS) components in the two BWBs. The DBMS include: Hydrometric time series, GIS, Borehole Monitoring, Water Users, and Water Quality. • Conducted follow up meetings with IMS Team members and other staff to catalogue and finalize the data that will be used for water resources activities, especially data to be transferred to the AQUARIUS system. This work included QA/QC analyses to ensure that these data are consistent and accurate. • Conducted meetings with staff on data and database management issues to better define other follow up activities, especially data information products development. • Continued work on plans for improved data checking and validation and data management for both BWB offices. • Identified data management deficiencies, especially database management and GIS issues. Worked on addressing these issues and developing strategies for addressing problems. • Continued to provide training and capacity development for the two BWBs as feasible. A summary of findings, achievements and issues is included in Annexes 10 and 11 by Tim Bondelid in the IR2 folder. Key outcomes included: • The opening plenary sessions with the BWB IMS teams provided solid feedback on how to best address data management issues to ensure effective implementation of Task 2.2 activities. • The servers at both BWBs are now functioning properly and can be used for AQUARIUS. This is a critical requirement for improving the BWB hydromet data management. • In both Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu BWBs the following key issues and actions were identified: - The data to be transferred to AQUARIUS has been clearly catalogued and defined. This was successfully completed at both BWB’s. There were continuing difficulties in accomplishing this, especially in Wami-Ruvu BWB. A problem at both BWBs is that there are “artefacts” from previous support projects (e.g., JICA). For instance, data developed in the JICA project can have multiple versions, and the most current version needs to be made very clear. - There is a recognized need for upgrading data management from Excel to a database management system (DBMS). In each BWO, Microsoft Access has been selected as the DBMS of choice. Staff in both BWOs are motivated to learn Access; there is clear understanding that Excel spreadsheets are not adequate for their data management needs.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 64 • Introducing the Aquarius Time Series software to 10 BWBs officers; 5 from Wami-Ruvu and 5 from Rufiji; between 27th – 31st August in Mikumi, AQUARIUS Trainer Stuart Hamilton, ran a 5 days intensive course which progressed from manual processes for loading, inspecting and correcting data through to the use of much more sophisticated automated processes • Stuart explained how to develop rating curves, developing a set of standardized procedures on how to employ the Aquarius Rating Curve Tool for constructing multi-segment rating curves and demonstrated one example using the Wami River station data • It is agreed that, after the training Tim and Bart will begin the implementation of the transfer of the historic hydrological data at the Rufiji and Wami Ruvu BWOs into Aquarius. Also, using Aquarius Rating Curve Tool re-construct, the rating curves of the priority stations reviewed in the Wami-Ruvu basin (15 Stations) and Rufiji basin (21 stations); this activity will also involve Quality Control of selected stage-discharge records and review of Station Files as needed • Clearance of the weather stations and other equipment’s which were part of the in-kind grants to the two BWBs

Sub-Task 2.2.2 Improve decision support tools for water Timing Comments sector decision-making Inputs Development of products to communicate rainfall and Q4, Started in the quarter and streamflow trends ongoing ongoing Integration of Aquarius with DSS platform TBD Pending on MoWI decision on DSS platform Outputs Rainfall and streamflow trends Q4 Pending completion of the above

Sub-Task 2.2.3 Training and Capacity Development

Basin Water Boards staff training and capacity building

A 7-day hands-on training of three (3) hydrographers in Wami-Ruvu basin, and 8-day hands-on training of three (3) hydrographers in Rufiji basin were conducted on high flow measurements with various instruments, data review, and review of defensible rating curves and associated uncertainties. The hands- on training of Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWB Office staff covered the following topics: • Rating curve development and review.

• Rating curve uncertainties.

• Field review of hydraulic control.

• Hydro-acoustic instruments for high-flow measurements.

• Field measurements. Regarding training on information management systems (IMS) improvement, the W4L IMS expert introduced the teams to key concepts in database management systems and contrasted this with spreadsheet-based data management. Due to the needs for finalizing the data files for AQUARIUS and problems with staff availability, there is now a recognized need by the staff for full DBMS training using ACCESS. At various times, the

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 65 opportunity to illustrate how DBMS could better serve their needs was illustrated. For instance, converting a sample of their data to ACCESS and then developing needed data analyses and summaries that are easy in a DBMS but extremely difficult in Excel. This helped to both introduce DBMS concepts and provide concrete examples for future development. Note that Access is a relational database management system that will serve complementary but different data management needs from AQUARIUS. The extended work needed to catalogue all of the BWBs baseline data will help in all information management activities, including AQUARIUS, GIS and DBMS development.

Sub-Task 2.2.3 Training and Capacity Timing Comments Development Inputs Basins staff receive hands on training on: Q1, Ongoing, conducted during W4L • River flow measurement using hydro- ongoin missions to the project areas acoustic equipment g • Development and improvement of the rating curves • Earth observation data to complement ground observation data • Hydromet information management system and development of products. Outputs Number of BWB Offices staff trained staff on Q1, Six hydrographers from Rufiji and Wami- the above training areas ongoin Ruvu BWBs trained in use of Hydro- g acoustic instruments for high-flow measurements; Field review of hydraulic control and Rating curve development and review. Another 20 BWBs staffs trained on IMS improvement Number of river flow stations with improved Q1, Rating curves for 12 stations so far data. ongoin reviewed g

Task 2.3: Adopt integrated water and land management planning approaches

In efforts to establish the Mngeta Valley Payment for Ecosystems scheme (PES), TFCG forged ahead with consultation and engagement with both sellers (communities) and buyers (KPL) of the commodity in question (the water) communities in the Mngeta Valley. Based on the PES development blue print and the target of having the PES scheme is operational by December 2018, TFCG advanced implementation of all the perquisite activities on land use planning, agriculture and water resources management in target villages: These include the following: i) Land use planning and forest management

• Development of Village Land Use Plans (VLUPs) and Forest Management Plans (FMPs) containing associated by-laws for 4 of the 6 project villages namely Idunda, Mhanga, Uluti and Itonya. • Conducted Water Points Mapping and Developed River Basin Management Strategies (RBMS) for all the 4 villages mentioned above. • Finalized drafting of the VLUPs, Forest Management Plans and accompanying by-laws for the last 2 villages (Ukwega and Kimala) and submitted to Kilombero District Council for Approval.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 66 • Established/strengthened the capacity of mandatory village-level institutions that are critical for supervision of natural resources management in all the 6 target villages for the PES initiative. These are the Village Natural Resources Management Committees (VNRC) and Village Land Use Committees (VLUC). • Leveraged additional funding from the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) to complement WARIDI’s work on VLUPs by extending the support to the next-level (mandatory) process of preparing Certificates of Customary Rights of Occupancy (CCROs) for community members. This work will not fully get underway until October 2018. ii) Water resources management • Conducted Water Points Mapping and Drafted River Basin Management Strategies River Basin Management Plans for Ukwega and Kilama-villages. These strategies have been approved by the village assembly. • Established/strengthened the capacity of mandatory village-level institutions that are critical for supervision of natural resources management in all the 6 target villages for the PES initiative. These are the Water Users Group (WUG) and Water Users Associations. iii) Agriculture TFCG organized farmers from all the target villages into 13 Farmer Field Schools (FSS) and provided them with practical training on sustainable (environmentally friendly and climate resilient) farming practices under the theme of climate smart agriculture. The encompassed practices such as conservation farming, crop selection, management of droughts, weeds and pests, post-harvest management and processing to increase value of their crops and many other techniques. A total of 338 farmers (out of 550 targeted farmers by end of the project) were trained by September 30th, 2018. An assessment conducted by WARIDI in October 2018 found that most of the trained farmers had adopted improved farming techniques trained by TFCG although some failed to practice due to lack of enough inputs such as seeds.

In addition to the progress discussed above, there are few changes on this project that developed in quarter 4 of 2018. These changes have been communicated to USAID COR and relate to: (i) Shift the remaining LOE of the Technical Advisor’s role to the Executive Director, as the former is leaving the organization and country; and (ii) Replace activity 1.6 "Establish JFM for Uzungwa Scarp Nature Reserve including awareness raising and capacity building for village natural resources committees" with activity "Improve Participatory Management of Uzungwa Scarp Nature Reserve and Mngeta Sub Catchment including capacity building for village natural resources committees and water users association and support implementation of Joint Forest Management (JFM) plans" since the former has already been developed by USNR through other funding agents.

A summary of progress and achievement on this subtask as of September 30th is presented below. Also detailed step-by-step summary of progress in the development of PES scheme is provided in box 1 below.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 67 Box 1: Progress on Development of the PES Scheme for Mngeta River Sub-catchment

• A consultant was engaged to lead and document the PES Scheme development process (including close consultation with all key stakeholders including target village communities, LGAs, Legal entities, NGOs and others • TFCG held PES awareness raising meetings in all target PES villages between August 8 to 17 2018 (discussing PES interventions, MRV, benefit sharing and governance) • Held village assembly meetings in all target villages to seek consent and confirm engagement in PES scheme-Consent secured from all villages (verbal) between July and Sept 2018 • Held 1st stakeholder meeting (August 23rd) to discuss further PES project (objectives, roles, responsibilities and modalities of implementation). Stakeholders included representative of target villages, ward councillors, Ward executive officers, WUA representatives, LGA representatives (Kilolo and Kilombero), NGOs (WWF and AWF) and Rufiji Basin water board. This meeting was hosted by Kilolo DC and held at Kilolo DC conference room. • Currently the PES consultant is drafting the PES agreement based on inputs from discussions at the village assembly meetings and 1st stakeholder meeting. Based on prior discussion (i.e. village assembly meeting and 1st stakeholder meeting) this agreement will provide among others, detailed information on the following important aspects: (i) definition of PES, (ii) ecosystem service is being considered (iii) potential risks and strategies to mitigate them and the process to be followed, (iv) initial discussions on PES regarding the form of PES (input based or output based) (v) type of agreements (vi) frequency of payments (vii) form of payment (money or other benefits), (viii) recipients of payment ( individuals, households or village?), (ix) the timescale of PES project and (x) what next after the initial 3 years. • 2nd Stakeholder meeting expected to be held by the end of October whereby the main objective will be for TFCG to present the draft PES Agreement between buyer (KPL) and Seller (Communities) and receive inputs from relevant stakeholders • After the above 2nd stakeholder meeting, the draft PES agreement will be translated in Kiswahili and will be presented to village assembly meetings which will be held in all target villages for their closer review and comments/concurrence on the content and terms of collaborations (e.g. proposed modalities of implementation in PES activities, payment arrangements and responsibilities of each party) • Based on comments received from village assembly, the draft Agreement will be revised and finalized • 3rd Stakeholder meeting will be held by the end of November/ early December 2018 for Signing the PES agreement and officiate implementation of the PES scheme in Mngeta catchment.

WARIDI plays a significant role in monitoring implementation progress and providing all the necessary guidance and support through weekly/monthly calls and quarterly visits.

Sub-Task 2.3.1 Timing Comments Inputs Identify capacity gaps and measures to strengthen natural Q2 Done as described resources committees & other multi sectoral platforms above focusing on conservation of natural resources Identify existing land use plans & gaps at catchment and Q3 As above sub catchment levels in selected areas Facilitate the development of participatory land use plans Q3-4 As above and by-laws at catchment & sub catchment levels and enforce by-laws Identification, demarcation and mapping of significant Q2 and As above water resources ongoing Implementation of Water resources conservation/Water Q1, As above sources protection measures ongoing

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 68 Sub-Task 2.3.1 Timing Comments Establishment of a payment for ecosystem services (PES) Q1 and As above, refer box 1 for scheme and a sustainable incentive program for effective ongoing detailed explanation IWRM of the Mngeta sub-catchment in Rufiji basin Outputs Natural resource committee’s capacity gaps identified, Q2 As above Capacity Building plan in place measures implemented onwards Catchment & sub catchment land use plans in place and Q3 As above implemented, including by-laws onwards Significant water resources at risk identified, demarcated, Q2 As above mapped and protected onwards PES scheme piloted in Kilombero sub-catchment, Rufiji Process As above basin ongoing

Beyond TFCG activities, WARIDI through Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu basins initiated number of interventions related to land use planning and management and water source protection. These activities included the following: • Rufiji basin – Demarcation of 2 water sources (Rungemba and Halali). This activity is on-going with the purpose of protecting these precious water sources that have been facing serious threats from human development activities. Thus, as part of demarcation, about 300 beacons have been fabricated and will be installed soon, followed by planting of about 3,000 hydrophilic mivengi and other species. In addition to beacons and trees, demarcation will also involve installation of the sign boards in order to inform and warn intruders to stop encroachment into these water sources. • Wami-Ruvu basin – Activities to rescue Mindu continued throughout year 3 with the objective of stopping human activities to ensure that the dam storage capacity improves. Specific activitiesconducted include (1) land survey to re-establish the points of demarcation, (2) procurement of the water sources protection equipment/materials and fabrication of 43 concrete beacons, (3) Installation of 43 concrete beacons on surveyed mark, and (4) Planting of trees to make sure the dam water is conserved. These interventions are meant to rescue and safeguard both quality and quantities of water supply from these water sources.

Task 2.4: Studies and analysis to inform climate change adaptation in the two basins

Under this subtask, WARIDI planned to do strategic interventions under the below 4 subtasks with primary focus on integration of climate change adaptation across all WARIDI interventions (i.e. all IRs): • Subtask 1: Conduct of further climate change analysis including future projections and scenario development for enhanced decision making and planning • Subtask 2: Integration of CC-A in other WARIDI activities and institutional capacity building • Subtask 3: Piloting localized climate change adaptation interventions/options to enhance resilience of communities and ecosystems in the identified climate change hotspots • Subtask 4: Dissemination of climate change information for decision making and planning The progress and achievement made under each of the subtasks by September 30th, 2018 is discussed below.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 69 Sub-task 2.4.1. Conduct of further climate change analysis including future projections and scenario development for enhanced decision making and planning Based on the results of comprehensive climate change studies and analysis for precipitation and temperature trends and mapping of climate hazard (i.e. hotspots mapping) conducted during year 1 and 2 for Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu basins, WARIDI organized in Year 3 a series of technical workshops to share these findings and build the knowledge base of key stakeholders on the interpretation and application of climate change science in planning and decision-making in the two basins. Specifically, these workshops discussed the findings and implications of climate change impacts on WRM and livelihoods of local communities as well as needed intervention through planning and decision-making as higher-level pillars of climate change adaptation. In this respect, technical training workshops were organized and conducted for all 20 WARIDI LGAs, five Regional Secretariats under WARIDI (Njombe, Mbeya, Morogoro, Iringa and Coast and the two Basin Water Boards with a total of 139 LGAs technical staff, 35 Regional Secretariats technical staff and 31 BWBs technical staff respectively. WARIDI organized climate change forums at the catchment and national level with the same intention of building the knowledge base and facilitate climate-aware planning and decision-making. The National- level Forum which was officiated by the deputy Permanent Secretary from Ministry of Water and Irrigation was held on July 26th, 2018 attracted attention of 43 stakeholders (25 Males and 18 Females) including representatives from development partners and private sector. It was the first of its kind since 2016 when the popular MOWI-GIZ organized national climate change dialogue forum was halted. As such this WARIDI forum helped to bridge the critical gap left by the afore-mentioned dialogue forum. A catchment forum was attended by 58 participants (43 Male and 15 female) from both basins. Further technical trainings were also conducted for 13 COWSO grantees who will in turn train a total of 132 COWSOs both existing and newly formed in the 1st five LGAs and continue to train 137 COWSOs new and existing COWSOs in the 2nd five LGAs reaching a total of 269 COWSOs with approximately 1,984 COWSO members in the 20 LGAs. A summary of progress and achievement made by Sept 30th is presented in table below. Summary of progress/achievement by Sept 30th, 2018

Sub-Task 2.4.1 Timing Comments Inputs Expansion of GeoMod analyses to include seasonal projections Q2–3 Done with support of for precipitation and temperature based on scenarios for regional/international 2020,2030 and 2040 partners namely •Train TMA and the entire co-development team on the use UCSB/FEWNET, of the GeoMOD2 RCMRD ,STTA/Staff • Work with co-development team to develop seasonal climate scenarios based on assumed future ocean conditions Conduct analysis on the impacts of different climate change Q2–3 Done with technical scenarios on surface water yields, average and dry/wet support of extremes, and base environmental flows regional/international • Collate all weather and hydrology information-Examine partners – RCMRD. relations between precipitation, air temperatures, surface Results of this water yields, and streamflow and base environmental flows. analysis was shared • Examine climate conditions during pervious dry and wet with BWBs followed extremes to determine large scale climate features associated by actual training to with extreme hydrologic states? BWB, LGAs, • Link scenarios from Activity 1 to potential changes in water Catchment and Sub- yields, dry/wet extremes and base flows. catchment c

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 70 Sub-Task 2.4.1 Timing Comments • Examine the spatial characteristics of the observed and projected variations and extremes to determine areas most exposed to current or future climate risk Conduct an analysis of changes in relative vulnerability based Q3-4 Not done due to on different scenarios to determine appropriate response difficulties in having options for IWRM, livelihoods and WASH activities contract with USCB • Provide training to TMA and core development team (CDT) on GeoCLIM: o Integrated additional station information o Analyzing trends and variability o Liking these outputs with vulnerability analyses • Assist TMA and CDT relating climate results to Integrated Water Resource Management and Development plans. • Using FEWS NET or other livelihood baseline information, assist WARIDI and TMA analysts in developing plausible impacts scenarios for various livelihood zones. Use insights into climate drivers and near real time station- Not done due to enhanced earth observations to help inform watershed difficulties in having management decisions contract with USCB. • Provide training to TMA and WARIDI team members on Alternative GeoCLIM: arrangements are o Integrated additional station information being made so that o Creating SPI and other valued-added information this activity can be products implemented by the • Assist TMA and WARIDI team members in relating W4LTeam during enhanced precipitation and temperature products to changes in FY19 water yields, stream flows, and extremes Subtask 2.4.2. Integration of CC-A in other WARIDI activities and institutional capacity building As noted under 2.4.1 above WARIDI successfully integrated climate change into all of its operations. Based on WARIDI supported activities, the climate change team in collaboration with other WARIDI teams in IR1, 2 and 3 identified key areas of operation for our partners that needed interventions to enhance their capacity in responding to the impacts of climate change so as to complement the effectiveness and sustainability of other WARIDI supported activities such as water schemes, sanitation and livelihoods. These areas included policy planning and development and budgeting and decision- making. Following this recognition, the climate change team organized a series of technical training partner institutions as noted under 2.4.1 above. In addition to the technical training for partners, WARIDI also organized hands-on climate change for in- house technical staff. Specifically, these trainings targeted WARIDI’s water engineers in Iringa and Morogoro offices as well as for WARIDI engagement agents. These trainings were integrated into the broader MUS training for water resources management with a view of exposing those WARIDI staff on the findings of the WARIDI’s climate vulnerability assessment and climate change hotspot mapping for Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji BWB as well as the implications of the findings for WARIDI’s work-especially from the point of design specifications and investment decisions for both portable water and sanitation. In this regards the training provided a highlight of areas that are most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in both basins and also offered some ideas/suggestions on practical solutions for ensuring climate resilient planning and designing of portable water and sanitation infrastructure is carried out. A detailed list of technical trainings conducted by WARIDI is provided in table 12 below. Also, respective reports from all these trainings are attached as Annex 13 Training report on Climate Change Adaptation for LGAs.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 71 Interventions under this subtask have helped ensure that climate resilience is fully mainstreamed in all IWRM and WASH interventions supported by the WARIDI program in all the 20 LGAs. Table 12: LGAs that received comprehensive training CCA Training Training Date Involved Female Male Total venue 19th-20th April Kilosa, Gairo, 8 20 28 Mikumi VETA 2018 Morogoro Conference Municipal and hall Mvomero 17th-18th May Chalinze, 6 21 27 Mikumi VETA 2018 Bagamoyo, Conference Iringa Town hall and Morogoro Rural 24th-25th May Malinyi, 5 23 28 Mikumi VETA 2018 Ulanga, Conference Kilombero and hall Ifakara Town Council 26th -27th June Mafinga Town, 7 21 28 Mikumi VETA 2018 Mufindi Kilolo Conference and Iringa hall Rural 5th -6th July Njombe, 6 22 28 2018 Wanging’ombe Mid-Town hall , Njombe Town and Mbalali Total 32 107 139 Training for BWB 11th -12th May Rufiji and 12 19 31 Mikumi, 2018 Wami-Ruvu Morogoro Basin Water Board Training for COWSO Grantees 22nd -23rd COWSO 12 17 29 Mikumi, March 2018 grantees Morogoro

Climate change Forum for Catchment and Sub-catchment 12th -13th July Catchment 15 43 58 Mikumi, 2018 and sub Morogoro catchment Committees from Rufiji and Wami-Rufiji

Sub-Task 2.4.3: Integration of CC in Timing Comments other tasks Inputs a) Strengthening Basin Water Office Q1 –3 Done, through technical 2 training held in Mikumi Capacity to Address Climate Change in May and June 2018. In addition, this training, WARIDI has facilitated (financially) basin’s technical staff to attend various national and

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 72 Sub-Task 2.4.3: Integration of CC in Timing Comments other tasks international training related to climate change and WRM and therefore relevant to the mandates of the BWB. Such training includes the technical workshop on Satellite-Based Water Quality Monitoring which was held in Arusha from May 29- 30th. Two technical staff-one from each basin) were facilitated to attend this important workshop. The second workshop was held in Dar es Salaam from June 5th -6th with focus on stream flow monitoring. Accordingly, two technical staff, one from each basin was facilitated by WARIDI to attend this meeting. Both these technical workshops were organized by the WARIDI technical partners-the Regional Center for Mapping and Resources Development through the NASA funded SERVIR project for the Eastern and Southern Africa (SERVIR ESA). Based on these technical sessions, respective staff have reported significant increase of their knowledge and skills on data sets, interphases and latest techniques on water flows and hydro- climatological monitoring b) Support Basin Offices to Build WUAs Q1 -3 Done through catchment and sub catchment Understanding of Climate Change and climate change forum. Also done through BWBs’ Adaptation Options IWRM and climate change Multistakeholders workshop in Mafinga (April 19-20th 2018) and Kilombero (June 19th-20) for the Rufiji Basin WUA Members attended as of through catchment and sub catchment committees to whom they are members. c) Support to basin staff to participate in Q2 Done. This was supported through BWBs and district and Catchment Forums as LGA trainings held between May and July 2018 as appropriate well as through national CC forum held in July 26th where all key stakeholders including from both BWBs and LGAs attended d) Develop CC training modules for Q1 Relevant modules developed including for COWSOs COWSO and provided to COWSO grantees for subsequent training Outputs Climate change module developed for Q1 Done as described above COWSOs Capacity building for WUAs Q2-3 Done as described above Catchment forum established and Q2 Done as described above function Capacity building for Basin staff Q1-2 Done. See respected reports attached in the conducted and ambassadors identified annex

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 73 Subtask 2.4.3. Piloting localized climate change adaptation interventions/options to enhance resilience of communities and ecosystems in the identified climate change hotspots Activities under this subtask sought to support piloting of relevant climate smart interventions for the medium- to high-vulnerability (hotspot) communities in Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji Basins. Accordingly, this activity was implemented in three ways as follows: (i) Through training of communities on Multiple Use of Water Services (MUS) concepts and approaches whereby communities were trained LGA staff on the multiple ways of using water productively including for livelihoods such as climate smart agriculture;(ii) demonstration plots through Community Farmers Field Schools (FFS). This was done through the WARIDI’s grantee, TFCG who through 13 FFs trained a total of 338 farmers in 6 villages in Kilolo and Kilombero districts. These farmers were trained on various climate smart farming practices ranging from soil and water management to seed/crop and pest management and post-harvest management. In addition to training, TFCG provided farmers in these villages with actual farm inputs including best breeds of seeds and seedlings that were funded by the other project partner-AWF. This approach facilitated to adoption of the technologies by farmers (iii) training of COWSO members in WARIDI LGAs. This was facilitated by WARIDI COWSO grantees who used WARIDI climate change training manual for COWSO members to train them on various climate smart approaches with a view of enhancing their knowledge and skills on measures to address climate change (i.e. adaptation interventions in water resources management-demand and supply management and livelihoods.

Sub-Task 2.4.3: Integration of CC in other tasks Timing Comments Inputs a) Conduct validation and prioritization of climate change Q2 –3 Done. Interventions were resilience interventions within selected communities to verified through WARIDI ensure interventions are pro-poor and demand-driven and national climate change experts tailored to the local context workshop as well through LGA training sessions on climate change b) Pilot validated and prioritized interventions Q3 Done. This was done through support by the WARIDI grantee- TFCG in Kilolo and Kilombero districts whereby 13 Farmers Field Schools in 6 villages with total of 338 villagers were supported to adopt and apply proven climate resilience farming practices Outputs Relevant and priority climate resilient interventions Q1-2 Done as described above confirmed Priority adaptation options piloted Q3-4 Done as above: re: FFS and MUS approaches Checklist for climate-resilient infrastructure developed Q1-2 Training and checklist developed infrastructure engineers Subtask 2.4.4. Dissemination of climate change information for decision making and planning in the basins This subtask sought to address the critical gap of lack of both knowledge and information on climate change threats and adaptation options among the decision makers of BWBs, LGAs and other institutions that WARIDI is working with. In this regard, progress and achievements made on this front during this reporting period is as follows:

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 74 At the level of LGAs, progress include preparation of climate finalization of printing of LGA specific maps for all 20 LGAs based on results of the vulnerability index maps. These maps were presented to and shared with all the 20 LGAs during climate change training sessions that were conducted to all the 20 LGAs between April and June 2018. Further summarizing of the findings of the index mapping in the form of district/ LGA climate change posters/maps were finalized at the end of Q4 and have been shared with respective LGAs see maps as per the link https://drive.google.com/open?id=1VxwqHIp93fvfcxg5pD8qwosSzduzyJKw. With regards to the BWB, ddissemination was done through different sessions including the BWB training sessions on climate change training held from May 10thto 11th as well as during the BWBs’ IWRM multi-stakeholder catchment forums for Rufiji basin held in Mafinga (April 19th & 20th), Ifakara (June 19th & 20th) and a joint Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu climate change forum held in Morogoro from 12-13th July 2018. Further dissemination was done through the planners a decision-makers workshop on climate change that was also held in Morogoro on June 28 – 29th as well as the nnational climate change forum also held in Morogoro on July 26th, 2018.

Sub-Task 2.4.2: Dissemination of climate Timi Description change information and capacity- ng building for adaptation in the basins

Inputs Preparation of climate change briefs for Q1-3 Done. Climate change briefs for the two LGA target LGAs, share relevant climatological (Kilosa and Mvomero) were prepared and analysis with BWB shared with respective LGAs for use/reference in their climate change discourses. Climate vulnerability index maps were produced for all the 20 LGAs. These maps were presented to, and shared with, respective LGAs during training sessions. See training manual and reports for LGAs Outputs Climate change briefs prepared and shared Q1-3 Done as noted above. with relevant institutions

Challenges and Lessons learned

In the course of implementing the FY18 work plan, a number of lessons were learned during implementation of activities related to natural resources (water, land and forest) management and climate change adaptation. These include: Land use plans: • Most villages in WARIDI LGAs don’t have VLUPs and corresponding CCROs. Land use conflicts and encroachment from human activities in water catchments are likely to continue if unchecked. • Coupled with growing populations, the lack of operational land use management plans and strategies has become one of the major triggers for conflicts between various land users, particularly farmers and livestock keepers. The vulnerabilities of these communities to impacts of CC are significant. • Based on feedback from stakeholder consultations and workshops held by WARIDI in FY18, it was learned that most VLUPs developed to date in Tanzania have not reached the last step of securing the Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy (CCROs) for individual land owners. Instead these initiatives ended at the village-level plans (VLUP) which have been less effective in addressing land use conflicts as only the village-level land is secured but not individual land areas/plots. Access to

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 75 CCROs is a very important milestone as it will ensure and guarantee communities of ownership of their land and also enables them to access financial credits/loans (i.e. using their CCROs as bonds/collateral) that can help them to diversify their income streams and therefore shift away from environmentally destructive activities. • Involving communities in project planning, development and implementation is a necessary condition for success and sustainability of project outcomes as communities feel ownership of and attachment to the project. • Training through practice (i.e. learn-by-doing) is the most appropriate training approach for adult learning. Extended indoor training sessions are likely to be less effective. • Based on the knowledge and local realities, rural communities are most interested in immediate results – short term gains – in order to secure their livelihoods. Hence, long interventions should include considerations for short term needs of communities. Climate change data and information for planning and decision-making and actioning

• Data/information on historical trends and vulnerability hotspots is necessary but not sufficient in a forward-looking planning and decision-making framework which is necessary for sustainable WRM. Water resources managers need to have insights on possible future outlook when allocating water especially for development projects that will last for several decades. Hence, the need for climate change projections based on different scenarios including demands and populations dynamics. • Availability of data and information don’t automatically lead to adoption and use by target stakeholders at various levels. This is particularly the case at the LGA and catchment/sub catchment levels where there is apparent lack of personnel with specialized expertise in climate change and related subjects such as modeling and projections. Hence, follow up is needed in the form of mentorship arrangements to assist LGA/Catchment experts with proper analysis and interpretation of the data for effective application in their planning and decision-making • Climate change forums at the catchment and national levels are important platforms for dissemination of information on critical and complex issues such as CC as it brings together planners, decision- makers and other practitioners for a concerted dialogue and advocacy on WRM and climate change issues • Most LGAs lack technical staff with adequate expertise on climate change. And, the one-off training provided by WARIDI (e.g. in FY18) is not sufficient to allow them to adopt and make effective use of the climate data in their planning and decision making. Hence, a need for visits to provide the necessary mentorship support and build their capacities for full utilization of climate knowledge products. • In addition to attending training seminars and workshops on climate change adaptation and WRM, partner institutions (LGAs, BWBs and catchment) need simple reference materials (e.g. factsheets and maps) which they can refer to when back in their offices for effective planning and decision making

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 76 Intermediate Result 3: Private Sector: Increased Livelihoods through Private Sector Investment Opportunities for Sustainable Water Services and Water Resource Management.

Task 3.0: Partnership Development Launch Activities In FY18, the WARIDI Partnerships Team finalized partnership design and engagement, developed specific partnership action plans for implementation for six strategic partnerships as per WARIDI’s life of project target. The team also, Identified and signed expedited partnership agreements with nine companies, for participation in the WARIDI WASH product road show. Key results for the year are summarized in the table below.

Partner Sector Partnership Description Status Update Name LIXIL Sanitation Partnership to support • Partnership agreement signed and distribution of LIXIL SATO finalized; partnership launched improved latrine products in Tanzania, aligned with • Partnership Activity Planning Forum the WARIDI ODF conducted with WARIDI and LIXIL campaign and WASH microenterprise capacity • Partnership Year 1 Activity Plan developed and circulated to partners building program. Specifically, the • Partnership implementation activities partnership will increase launched access to affordable and effective sanitation o A total of 2705 SATO improved products in WARIDI areas. latrine products have been sold to date in WARIDI LGAs o A total of 57 microenterprises across 10 LGAs were linked by WARIDI to LIXIL, purchasing a total of 419 latrine pans for sale in their communities

Medentec Point of Partnership to pilot • Partnership agreement developed, signed h collection & Medentech’s point of and launched in-line water collection water treatment treatment for products with COWSOs • Partnership Activity Planning Forum gravity flow (i.e., Aquatabs Flo and conducted with WARIDI and Medentech water Aquatabs In Line). systems • Partnership Year 1 Activity Plan co- designed with partners and circulated

• Partnership implementation activities commenced: o WARIDI visited a total of 11 COWSOs to explore suitability for piloting Medentech’s products. Out of the visited COWSOs, Mvumi, Ngu’ruhe, Kikombwe and Idete COWSOs were found to be suitable for the pilot;

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 77 Partner Sector Partnership Description Status Update Name Communities from Kikombwe, Mvumi and Idete signed agreements to participate in the pilot while Ng’uruhe’s agreement is pending. o Note: In recent discussions, the partners decided on a staged approach for the pilot, starting first with testing the products (Aquatabs Flo and In Line) in Mvumi COWSO (serving over 13,000 people), where the conditions are most ideal. The partners would then adjust the approach as needed and evaluate before progressing to Ngu’ruhe and then possibly Idete. Conditions are most uncertain (due to water flow rates) at Kikombwe COWSO, so that would be a fourth possible pilot site.

• Finalized water testing protocols for the pilot and engaged consultants for installation and water testing.

• Planning for pilot in Mvumi to launch in Q1 of Year 4

Water.org WASH WARIDI partnered with • Partnership agreement signed and financing Water.org to develop finalized; partnership launched WASH financing solutions in Tanzania, including for • Partnership Activity Planning Forum WASH microenterprise conducted with Water.org, WARIDI, and finance (linked the representatives from Equity Bank and microenterprise capacity NMB building program in Task 3.1) and COWSO • Partnership Year 1 Activity Plan co- financing. designed with partners and circulated • Partnership implementation activities commenced: o Microenterprises will be connected to Water.org financial institutions in the mentorship stage in Year 4 (see Task 3.1). o WARIDI and Water.org will use COWSO Competency Index (CCI) scores – from WARIDI baseline and end line assessments – to short list COWSOs for financing opportunities (i.e., COWSO financing will focus on interested COWSOs whose CCI scores indicate that they are “fully operational” or highly-scored “partially operational”). In Q4,

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 78 Partner Sector Partnership Description Status Update Name WARIDI created an inventory of all trained COWSOs – name, location, and CCI score – and shared the data with Water.org for further assessment and next steps.

Viamo Sanitation Viamo has launched its 3- • Partnership agreement signed and (formerly and hygiene 2-1 messaging service in finalized; partnership launched HNI) behavior Tanzania, which includes change free access for Vodacom • Conducted Content Development and cellular customers to a call- Partnership Activity Forum to brainstorm in menu of messages on a 15 WASH messages together with range of topics (health, participants from CLEAR, WARIDI, agriculture, water security, Ministry of Health, Equity Bank weather, family planning, education). WARIDI is • Partnership activity plan developed and circulated to partners partnering with HNI to support the development • Initial 15-20 WASH messages for 3-2-1 of a 3-2-1 WASH channel platform sent to Content Review Teams at to advance WARIDI’s BCC WARIDI and CLEAR for further and WASH activities. development, following May 2018 workshop

• Revised 15 messages translated into Swahili scripts and reviewed by the Ministry of Health at a Validation Workshop in September 2018

• WARIDI now waiting for new input from CLEAR with additional/alternative messages; followed by clearance from the Ministry of Health eWATERp Sustainabilit WARIDI is partnering with • In Q1, WARIDI supported a learning visit to ay y of water eWATERpay to pilot Babati for eight Mvumi COWSO leaders services; eWATERpay’s smart and community members to learn more COWSO meter technology in Mvumi about how the eWATER technology professionali and Msowero COWSOs. If operates at the community level. sm successful, the partnership has the potential to • Partnership agreement signed and enhance operations and finalized; partnership launched maintenance of water systems, improve water • Partnership forum to develop action plan and launch the eWATERpay pilot availability at community conducted with WARIDI, eWATERpay, water points, increase revenue collection, and and Msowero and Mvumi COWSOs in create jobs for youth and Morogoro women as sales agents. • Pilot action and monitoring plan developed and circulated to partners

• Developed costs/revenue model using data collected from Mvumi COWSO to

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 79 Partner Sector Partnership Description Status Update Name inform COWSO-eWATERpay agreement negotiation o Using the model, worked with eWATERpay to revise COWSO monthly fees to ensure minimal risk to COWSO clients

• COWSO-eWATERpay agreements developed and signed by eWATERpay & Mvumi and Msowero COWSOs

• Drafted community and COWSO surveys and baseline monitoring plan for baseline data collection in advance of the pilot

• Pilot expected to launch in Q1 of Year 4 Partners will pilot the technology in 21 DPs at Mvumi COWSO and 26 DPs in Msowero. The lessons from this pilot will be used to scale the technology to other water schemes possibly through Water.org financing/ self-sustaining financing mechanism to be explored ENGINE WARIDI has partnered • Partnership agreement signed and with ENGINE, a USAID- launched funded project to advance BDS services for Microenterprises (MEs) including promotion of access to finance to WARIDI MEs through credit readiness services and linking WARIDI MEs in the bizfundi online platform for visibility (to display products and services) and access ENGINE services.

Expedited partnerships with WASH vendors/companies for the WARIDI WASH Road Shows

In FY18, WARIDI conducted research and scoping to identify 11 local and regional companies and organizations with WASH products that are appropriate for inclusion in the WARIDI WASH products road show. WARIDI signed partnership agreements with nine companies and organizations to confirm their participation in the road show during FY18. These are summarized in the table below.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 80 Company Product Signed Agreements Anuflo Industries Feminine hygiene products and general hygiene products DayOne Response Water turbidity filters Gongali Model Limited Water filters – removes water contaminants including heavy metals Kasole Secrets Feminine hygiene products KickStart International Irrigation pumps

LIXIL SATO latrine pans MSABI Ceramic water filters Nazava Ceramic water filters SON Biosand water filters Pending Agreements Medentech Aquatabs water treatment tablets Anglican Church Social Services Micro-drip irrigation kits

In FY18 four of the above companies – SON, Kasole Secrets, Anuflo Industries and LIXIL – also presented their WASH products to WARIDI-trained microenterprises during the WARIDI microenterprise trainings (see Task 3.1). This was intended to facilitate linkages between WASH vendors/companies and local stores (the microenterprises) in advance of the product road shows. In FY19 WARIDI will expand this work – connecting the above companies to microenterprises (hardware stores, pharmacies) in WARIDI LGAs, to further develop long-term distribution channels for WASH products in WARIDI LGAs.

Sub-task 3.0 Timing Comments Inputs Continue partner scoping and Q1 for three prioritized Completed for six partnerships, plus negotiations partnerships (Viamo, LIXIL, nine road show partnerships Medentech); continuing to Q3 for the others Share information with WARIDI Q1 for three prioritized Completed (and ongoing) team and relevant stakeholders partnerships (HNI, LIXIL, Medentech); continuing to Q3 for the others Conduct due diligence on potential Q1 One report submitted for Q1 partners (HNI/Viamo); three reports (eWATERpay, Water.org and ILLOVO) submitted in Q2; 12 due diligence reports submitted in Q3 and Q4 for road show expedited partnerships Convene partnership forums Q1-3 One partnership forum conducted in Q1; two forums conducted in Q2; two conducted in Q3 – total of five Prepare Partnership Concept Q1 Completed Papers Prepare and negotiate draft Q2 Completed strategic partnership agreements Strategic Partnership Q1-4 Ongoing activity Implementation: Oversee partnership management,

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 81 Sub-task 3.0 Timing Comments partnership technical activities, and partnership monitoring Establish expedited partnerships Q1-4 Ongoing with WASH vendors, to support Signed agreements with 9 road show WARIDI WASH road shows / partners product demonstrations Output Two partnership Due Diligence Q1 Completed Reports 16 reports submitted in Q1-4 Three Partnership Forums Q1-3 Completed – total of five workshops convened for WARIDI and partners conducted

One partnership forum conducted in Q1 (LIXIL); two forums conducted in Q2 (Medentech and Water.org) and two conducted in Q3 (eWATERpay and Viamo) Two Partnership Concept Papers Q1 Completed drafted and circulated to partners Three concept papers – for ILLOVO, eWATERpay, and Medentech – were prepared and submitted to respective partners for review in Q1; one concept paper prepared and submitted in Q2 (Water.org); one additional concept (IRUWASA /JUNACO) was drafted in Q3. Two strategic partnership Q2 Completed agreements drafted and signed/ready for signature, for a A total of seven partnership total of four strategic partnership agreements have been drafted and agreements drafted by end of Year circulated to partners (six strategic 3 (including strategic partnership partnership agreements have been agreements drafted in Year 2) signed):

• LIXIL – signed and finalized (partnership launched)

• Medentech – signed and finalized (partnership launched)

• Viamo – signed and finalized (partnership launched)

• Water.org – signed and finalized (partnership launched)

• eWATERpay – signed and finalized (partnership launched)

• ENGINE – signed and finalized

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 82 Sub-task 3.0 Timing Comments • ILLOVO – drafted and with ILLOVO for review

Quarterly M&E reporting on Q1-4 Drafted LIXIL-WARIDI, Water.org- partnership outcomes (following WARIDI, Medentech-WARIDI, partnership launch) Viamo-WARIDI and eWATERpay- WARIDI partnership Year 1 activity plans as well as partnership monitoring plans

Monitoring for LIXIL is ongoing and contributes to WARIDI indicators; Medentech and eWATERpay monitoring will coincide with pilot launch (expected in Q1 of Year 4); monitoring for Viamo will coincide with the launch of the 3-2-1 WASH platform (expected in Q1 of Year 4); Water.org monitoring will begin once financing is facilitated for microenterprises (during ME mentorship phase in Year 4) and for COWSOs in Year 4 5 expedited partnerships Q1-4 9 expedited partnerships have been established with WASH vendors to signed for WARIDI WASH road support WARIDI road shows / shows product demonstrations (depends on successful progression of WARIDI WASH road show / product demonstration activities)

Sub-task 3.1: Improve business development services (BDS) for small-scale WASH and MUS, small-scale agriculture product and service providers, focusing on women and youth owned BDS In FY18, WARIDI implemented a capacity building and mentorship program for microenterprises in 10 districts. Targeted enterprises were small, community-based businesses (hardware stores, pharmacies, etc.) that play a key role in selling and providing WASH products at the local level. WARIDI is engaging these stores to build their overall business capacity but also to encourage them to expand and sustain their WASH product and service offerings. Key outcomes, included: • WARIDI led a recruitment survey in 10 districts to identify 455 applicable microenterprises. From this survey, WARIDI identified its trainees for the first 10 districts. • WARIDI designed its training program, and then trained 198 microenterprises in 10 districts in three two-day training modules: (1) marketing and sales techniques and development of WASH sales and marketing plans, (2) bookkeeping, basic accounting and financing options, and (3) business plan development. Throughout, WARIDI looked for opportunities to encourage microenterprises to increase and expand WASH product and services offerings – including by discussing strategies for WASH marketing and

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 83 by directly linking trained microenterprises to WASH product companies looking to expand their distribution channels into WARIDI districts. WARIDI invited regional WASH companies to present their WASH products to the microenterprises, for possible linkages for WASH product distribution and sales. Four WARIDI Partners presented their products during trainings and were linked to microenterprises to sell their products in WARIDI- supported towns and villages: SON Tanzania (bio-sand water filters), Kasole Secrets Ltd (feminine hygiene products), Anuflo Industries Ltd (feminine and general hygiene products), and LIXIL (SATO latrine pans). - All told, 80 microenterprises (MEs) were connected with these WASH companies (LIXIL: 57 MEs; Kasole Secrets Ltd: 14 MEs; Anuflo Industries Ltd: 9 MEs) to start selling new WASH products in their stores. - WARIDI will expand this aspect of the program in FY19, connecting 9+ WASH companies to microenterprises through trainings, mentorship, and product road shows.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 84 Table 13: Microenterprise Training Participants - Module 1-3 in first 10 districts Male Female Total 15 - 35 35 yrs Total Building Pharmacy Farm Other Total yrs & Material Inputs Above 1 Mvomero DC 12 6 18 6 12 18 5 7 5 1 18 2 Morogoro DC 9 8 17 4 13 17 2 9 3 3 17 3 Kilolo DC 4 9 13 5 8 13 3 5 5 0 13 4 Iringa DC 10 14 24 9 15 24 3 11 10 0 24 5 Iringa MC 5 11 16 12 4 16 5 10 1 0 16 6 Mufindi DC 14 10 24 14 10 24 12 7 5 0 24 7 Mafinga TC 15 12 27 21 6 27 12 11 4 0 27 8 Ulanga DC 8 14 22 12 10 22 2 8 9 3 22 9 Kilombero DC 7 11 18 10 8 18 3 10 5 0 18 10 Kilosa DC 15 4 19 4 15 19 2 5 10 2 19 TOTAL 99 99 198 97 101 198 49 83 57 9 198

In Q4, WARIDI designed the microenterprise mentorship phase, developed program monitoring tools, and engaged a consultant mentorship team. At the end of Q4, WARIDI launched fieldwork to revisit trained microenterprises across 10 districts to (1) deliver an after-survey and 3-month check-in to track progress following training completion, and (2) guide selection of 50-90 microenterprises for the on-site mentorship phase. Mentorship will have a strong WASH component as well as demand-driven services for microenterprises (such as access to finance and support developing accounting systems).

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 85 Sub-task 3.1 Timing Comments Inputs Recruitment Survey Analysis and Q1 Completed Microenterprise Selection Training design Q1 Completed Training delivery Q1-3 Completed Microenterprise Mentorship Program Q3-Q4 Selection process launched in [completed Q4, program to start in Q1 of in Q1 of Year 4 Year 4] Planning to scale & sustain the microenterprise Q2-4 Completed capacity building program Monitoring of mentored microenterprises Q3-4 After-survey for trained microenterprises launched in Q4; to be continued in Year 4 Outputs Recruitment Survey Data Summary Q1 Recruitment Survey Data Analysis completed, and Microenterprise Recruitment Survey Report submitted 250 microenterprises selected for capacity Q1 Completed building program Training modules and tools developed Q1 Completed Training delivered for approximately 250 Q1-3 Completed microenterprises Quarterly training reports Q1-3 Completed 3-month, 6-month and 1-year update on trained Q4 3-month after-survey launched microenterprises [completed in Q4; results to be submitted in Year 4] in Year 4 Targeted mentorship provided to 125 Q3-Q4 To be conducted in Year 4 microenterprises [completed in Q1 of Year 4] Quarterly mentorship reports Q3-Q4 Activity pushed to Year 4 [completed in Q1 of Year 4] MEs monitoring tools developed and in use Q3-4 Completed Short internal memo on plan to expand to 10 Q4 Completed more districts, repeat, and/or sustain the capacity building program through direct WARIDI involvement, grantees and/or strategic partnerships

Sub-task 3.2: Increase alternative livelihood opportunities Capacity building of LGAs officials on Multiple Use Water Services (MUS) In year 3, WARIDI carried training of trainers (TOTs) on Multiple Use of Water Services (MUS) for senior staff from 20 LGAs, the participants came from Morogoro region (Mvomero, Kilosa, Kilombero, Ulanga, Gairo, Malinyi, Morogoro district councils, Morogoro Municipal and Ifakara town Council). In Iringa Region (Kilolo, Iringa Rural and Mufindi District councils, Mafinga Town and Iringa Municipal Councils). Coast Region (Bagamoyo Chalinze). Njombe (, Njombe TC, Wanging’ombe. And Mbeya(Mbarali). A total of 139 (111 Male which is 80% and 28 Female which is 20%) LGAs

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 86 officials received the training. The trainings aimed to gain a common understanding of MUS, the benefits of this approach, how a MUS Project is implemented and discuss how we can “Put MUS into Practice” with LGAs. LGA officials were exposed to MUS to enable them to understand and appreciate the importance of designing, implementing and managing the MUS water projects. The MUS training covered topics such as MUS related to water, environment, health and gender that can be applied in both urban and rural settings. At the end of the training participants were required to write down MUS Implementation Action Plans as part of their training outputs and initiative for the their LGAs to put MUS approach into practice. WARIDI Engagement Agents from these LGAs also participated in the training. WARIDI will follow up and track the implementation of MUS through Engagement Agents and feedback reports from the LGAs. The figure below displays LGAs MUS training participants by gender.

Figure 2: LGAs MUS training participants by Gender

MUS training in 20 LGAs 8 7 6 7 7 7 7 7 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3

Total Participants Total 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0

Males Female

WASH and livelihoods product demonstrations and road shows

Aligned with WARIDI microenterprise support program and WASH initiatives include the national sanitation campaign, WARIDI designed product demonstrations and roadshow to expose communities to a wide range of WASH products and service options. In each WARIDI operated LGA three potential ward commercial centers has selected for product demonstration and roadshow subcontractor has been engaged to conduct the roadshow and WASH products demonstrations. In Q4 WARIDI organized a stakeholder inception workshop with partners and LGAs representative from five regions for subcontractor to share the design and implementation modality. Also, the design has been shared with USAID for comments and improvement. WARIDI planed the roadshow implementation under four phases circle to give time for review and reflection and make any improvements in between phases.

Agricultural livelihoods

WARIDI promoted improvements in agricultural livelihood activities for community members served by 16 rehabilitated water supply schemes in five districts of Kilosa, Mvomero, Kilombero, Kilolo and Iringa.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 87 A demand-driven approach was used where communities can self-select for training in the improvement of MUS practices for horticulture, animal husbandry and bee keeping under climate smart agriculture. The approach focusses on the application of innovative and empowering approaches through creation of enabling environments, promoting access to a basket of alternative technologies and developing human capacity to enable communities to define and implement their own choices to reach their desired future.

Mobilize farmers for alternative MUS livelihoods practices

In FY18, WARIDI carried out sanitation and mobilization meetings to communities in 16 water schemes in Kilosa, Mvomero, Kilombero, Kilolo and Iringa District Councils. The objective of these meetings was to raise awareness on opportunities that MUS offers in alternative livelihoods interventions emphasizing in horticulture (home gardens), animal husbandry (indigenous chicken and rabbit) and beekeeping. During sensitization and mobilization meetings WARIDI shared the farmers Training of trainers (TOT) strategy and criteria for farmer TOTs selection which includes willingness to showcase the trained technologies, committed to participate fully in all training sessions and share knowledge with the neighbors. In FY18, a total of 826 community members (428 Males 51% and 398 Females 48%) attended these meetings. WARIDI encouraged women and youth to participate whereby women and youth comprised 584 (70%) of the total participants. The sensitization meetings also provided a forum for communities to understand more about WARIDI and other opportunities that could benefits them. Figure 3 below shows the number of farmers who attended by age and gender on alternative livelihoods mobilization and sensitization meetings. During livelihoods intervention in the coming year WARIDI will continue to advocate and work with village leaders to make sure they set convenient environment to increase women and youth participation in meetings.

Figure 3. Farmers participation in alternative livelihood mobilization meetings

Farmers attended alternative livelihood meeting 160 140 120 100 80 60

Total Participants Total 40 20 0 Kilosa Kilombero Mvomero Kilolo Iringa

Youth Male 35& above Female35 and above

Facilitate farmers’ technical trainings, technical advice and other appropriate support

In FY18, WARIDI built capacity of farmers through training of trainers (TOTs) as part of MUS practices. TOT farmer participants in rural areas were identified by existing training and basic extension services groups involved in horticultural production, animal husbandry and bee keeping from each village. TOT subjects included home garden/sack garden, bee keeping, indigenous chicken and rabbit husbandry. A

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 88 total of 1,450 farmers participated 627 males which is 43% and 823 females which is 57% of all participants. 771 of these participants were youth (male and female) representing 53% of the total. Youth and women made up 82% of all participants in alternative livelihoods trainings in Kilosa, Mvomero, Kilombero, Kilolo and Iringa districts. To support knowledge and training retention within the communities, WARIDI involved LGAs extension officers in the trainings. TOT participants understand it is their role to help disseminate knowledge and skills and support fellow farmers to apply improved appropriate technologies and practices through the TOT approach.

Figure 4. Participation of Farmers per District for Three Livelihood Options

Farmers participation in three livelihood options 600 500 217 400 300 201 181 200 126 104 100 94 94 Total Participants 147 31 82 54 47 0 9 15 48 Kilolo Iringa Kilosa Mvomero Kilombero

Livelihoods Options Poultry/ Rabbit rearing Livelihoods Options Home/ Kitchen Garden Livelihoods Options Bee keeping

Follow up and technical support to track the adoption of technologies and improved practices

During Q4, the WARIDI Livelihood Team and Engagement Agents in collaboration with LGAs continued to make follow-up visits and track the TOTs farmer dissemination and adoption rates for technologies and improved management practices after receiving trainings on alternative livelihoods in home garden production, animal husbandry and bee keeping. Results of these visits demonstrated that a total of 794 farmers (Male 440, Female 354) have adopted these improved practices, including 307 youth.

Linking and expose farmers to markets and access to inputs

WARIDI empowered farmers on the use of existing successful agricultural platforms organized by government and other organizations. In Q3 WARIDI facilitated 72 farmers from selected target water schemes (36 for Kilolo and Iringa, 36 from Kilosa, Kilombero and Mvomero) to participate in 2018 Nanenane exhibitions in Morogoro and Mbeya. During this event twelve 12 farmers trained by WARIDI showcased new acquired skills and innovative approaches to home gardens (sack garden, bush garden, hanging garden, orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) multiplication units and clay soil beehives. This opportunity opened new networks with other farmers, organizations and business stakeholders for these farmers. WARIDI supported a farmers pavilion during the Nanenane exhibitions which attracted about 2,717 visitors, including 1,353 visitors from Mbeya (1,020 Male, 333 Female) and Morogoro 1,364 (835 Males, Female 529). The visitors were trained on various WARIDI promoted MUS livelihoods interventions technologies and practices. Agricultural livelihoods activities implemented by TFCG grantee

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 89 TFCG supported training on Community-Based agricultural Trainers (CBTs) to promote climate-smart, small-scale agriculture, building capacity of farmers on conservation agriculture through Farmer Field School (FFS) programs. Thirteen (13) Farmer Field Schools with a total of 338 (159 Male, 179 Female) participants from five villages of Idunda, Itonya, Mhanga, Uluti and Mngeta were trained on integrated weed and pest management and agroforestry. The farmers from the established FFS in five villages learned about:

1. Weed Management Strategy • Identify weed, life cycle, habitat • Integrated Control Methods: Preventive, Mechanical, Biological, Cultural and Chemical 2. Plant pest and disease management: Crop management practices, Habitat management practices (intercropping or cover cropping to rapidly cover the soil before weeds emerge) and mulching to suppress weed growth) • Direct control (Mechanical control by hand, animal traction or appropriate machines to remove weeds) 3. Monitoring of pests, diseases and weeds 4. Tools to manage weeds, pests and diseases 5. Tree nursery establishment and management practices 6. Tree improvement practices (grafting, budding). And 26 demonstration plots for maize and beans have been established in the latter villages. A total of 135 farmers have adopted the technologies by establishing their own plots for maize and beans at their homestead.

A total 82 FFS farmer groups in Idunda village adopted agroforestry techniques, purchasing 444 improved avocado seedlings (Hass variety) for planting on their farms as alternatives to pine timber trees which are not environmentally friendly especially in terms of water conservation. TFCG supported farmers to attend conservation agriculture training at Sustainable Agriculture Tanzania (SAT) in Morogoro, leading to 12 known demonstrations plots for maize and beans in Idunda and Mhanga villages farmers where farms are effectively controlling weeds, pests and diseases using organic pesticides made by Community Based Trainers (CBT) and FFS members after participating in the training. In Mhanga village 67 out of 78 FFS farmers (28 women) had self-mobilized to secure 8 bags of avocado seeds for establishing tree nursery for grafting. Twenty-six farmers (13 Male, 13 Female) in Mngeta have adopted the farming techniques and established a tree nursery with local trees and fruit varieties including Cocoa trees. The nursery comprises mangoes, avocados, oranges and cocoa.

To avoid post-harvest loss and improve food security among farmers, TFCG conducted training for 156 (92 Male which is 59%, 64 Females which is 41%) farmers on harvesting and storage of agricultural produce. This involved 6 FFS in Idunda and Mhanga villages. Out of 156 participants, results demonstrate that 93 participants were youth and women contributing to 59% of the total participants. CBTs have been assisting the agricultural officer in training farmers on harvesting and storage and helping to monitor agricultural practices in than respective villages.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 90 Sub-task 3.2 Timing Comments Inputs WASH, related livelihoods activities Capacity building training to 20 LGAs on MUS Q1-3 Completed Product demonstration and Road Show Q3-4 Going to year 4 Monitoring and technical support Q3-4 Going to year 4 Agricultural livelihoods activities Mobilize farmers 3,000 into interest groups for MUS Q1-3 WARIDI mobilized and practices for horticulture, animal husbandry and providing technical training to climate smart agriculture. 1450 farmers on alternative Facilitate technical trainings, technical advice and Q2-4 live hoods related to MUS. other appropriate support This will continue to year 4 Linking Farmers to Markets Q3-4 Monitoring and technical support Q3-4 WARIDI will continue to monitor and support the trained TOTs farmers and demo farmers Outputs WASH, related livelihoods activities Capacity building training to LGAs on MUS Q1-2 Completed Capacity Report Q2 Mobilization and recruitment Data Summary Q2 Continued to year in new Technical Training Report Q4 water schemes Demonstration and road show performance report Q4 Going Forward to year 4 Monitoring and follow up report Q3-4 Agricultural livelihoods Activities Mobilization and recruitment Data Summary Q2-3 Continued to year 4 Technical training reports Q2-3 Monitoring and follow up report Q4

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 91 INTEGRATION OF CROSSCUTTING ISSUES AND USAID FORWARD PRIORITIES Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment and Youth Engagement

Sub-Task 0.1.1: Gender and Youth Capacity Building GIYI Capacity Building In FY18, the GIYI team continued with a strong emphasis on capacity building for local government stakeholders. Building on its training of five LGAs in Year 2, the GIYI team replicated a tested training design with staff from the 15 recently engaged LGAs. These workshops which were completed by the end of Q2 targeted staff in the following district-level departments: Community Development, Gender and Youth, Water, Planning, Environment and Sanitation, Natural Resources, Health, Social Welfare, and Agriculture and Livestock. As indicated in the table below, WARIDI reached a total of 204 local government actors (134 Female and 70 Male) with a training design that served to:

• create a common understanding of gender integration and youth inclusion within the WARIDI project and among LGAs; • build participants’ capacity to conduct gender and youth analysis and familiarize participants with tools and strategies for gender integration; • foster understanding of the need for gender and youth integration in WARIDI’s support for LGAs; and • identify strategies to ensure women’s and youth participation in WARIDI-supported activities. In addition to strengthening knowledge and skills related to gender integration, WARIDI facilitators supported the LGA participants in developing follow-up actions that advance the role of women and youth in water/WASH-related activities. During the initial GIYI trainings, facilitators identified that participants experienced some difficulty understanding several modules as designed, namely the Gender Analysis and Constructive Male Engagement (CME) sessions. The facilitation team revised those modules by adding case studies and group work to foster better understanding and highlight their applicability for the participants’ day-to-day work. The team also learned that selecting training venues located away from the District centers maximized full participation and concentration.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 92 Table 14: GIYI trainings completed for LGAs in Year 3

LGA Dates LGA staff Engagement Total Agents Men Women Men Women Kilolo DC, Iringa DC March 16 7 0 0 23 2017 Kilombero, Mvomero, Kilosa, Regional May 19 12 2 1 34 Administrative Secretary Morogoro 2017 Morogoro DC, Morogoro Municipal, Gairo October 15 15 0 1 31 2017 Mufindi DC, Iringa Municipal, Mafinga TC Novemb 21 9 2 1 33 er 2017 Ulanga, Malinyi , Ifakara TC Feb 23 7 1 0 31 2018 Njombe DC, Njombe TC, Mbarali DC, March 29 11 4 0 44 Wanging’ombe DC 2018 Bagamoyo DC, Chalinze TC April 11 9 1 1 22 2018 Total 134 70 10 4 218

Challenges and Lessons Learned During FY18, the WARIDI team worked to share best practices and success stories with USAID stakeholders, IPs, and others. • Although LGA trainings are important to influence departmental planning and budgeting for gender and youth activities, the GIYI team learned through follow-up consultations that there are challenges in ensuring that the trainings affect how GIYI approaches are adopted by LGAs. For example, knowledge is not always shared with other LGA staff; trained staff can be transferred to other districts, and there is a lack of funds to implement gender and youth activities that trainees identified in the GIYI plans developed during the trainings. Evaluating the long-term effects of GIYI trainings is also challenging and requires greater effort on the part of the engagement agents in collecting GIYI data and results. As such, FY19 efforts will focus on building on existing trainings, as well as better results capturing. • In October of 2017, WARIDI and the GIYI team also hosted the USAID/Tanzania Mission Director Andy Karas at the Morogoro office. During those meetings, the Gender and Youth Advisor invited one of the LGA staff who had participated in an earlier GIYI training, namely the District Youth Officer from Kilosa, to share his perspective on the impact of GIYI trainings at the district level. He reported that the training succeeded at altering the attitudes of LGA staff and prompted them to implement GIYI approaches in their work (e.g. planned launch of a youth information center). He also expressed his appreciation for WARIDI’s partnership in launching the Kilosa Women’s Economic Empowerment Forum. • Following the Morogoro meeting, the Mission Director and the Tumaini team visited the WARIDI project in its Iringa office in November. During the one-day meeting, the GIYI team presented on WARIDI’s GIYI activities with an emphasis on district-level gender integration and youth inclusion in district activities by the LGA staff who had participated in the WARIDI GIYI trainings. The visitors also met with community members in Lulanzi (Kilolo District) who had participated in the community consultations for the UPWARD gendered social norms change intervention. • These two meetings highlighted the advances made by the WARIDI project in integrating gender and including youth across its activities. As a follow-up, the USAID/Tanzania Project Management

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 93 Specialist for Gender and Youth invited WARIDI to present on its GIYI work at a meeting of implementing partners in Dar es Salaam; the CoP presented at the meeting in late November of 2017. • In February, WARIDI’s Gender and Youth Advisor participated in the USAID Gender IP’s two-day meeting. The meeting’s purpose was to convene gender advisors, specialists, and coordinators from USAID implementing partners to discuss and update each other on shared efforts to promote inclusiveness for Tanzanians and youth - both male and female. Specific objectives for the meeting were: to provide a chance and platform for USAID to hear directly from IPs on gender and youth issues; and provide a platform for sharing lessons learned, best practices from studies, assessments and implementation (of gender and youth issues). • At the meeting WARIDI specifically shared its experience on conducting trainings for LGAs, the approach used for the project’s 2016 gender assessment, and how WARIDI collaborates in general with LGAs. WARIDI highlighted the challenges of tracking data following training—a challenge which USAID has committed to addressing at a future IP forum. • WARIDI GIYI team members also worked to share best practices with external audiences via conference poster presentations and blog posts. Dr. Aditi Krishna presented a poster at the UNC Water and Health Conference in November of 2017, entitled Increasing Women’s Participation in Water Governance by Changing Social Norms,” co-authored by Christina Sudi, Dr. Chris Magomba, Hannah Taukobong, and Dr. Anne Eckman. The poster presented formative research findings on gendered social norms around water governance, and how those findings resulted in the UPWARD gendered social norms change intervention. In April of 2018, WARIDI GIYI team members also authored a blog on Global Waters (found here), highlighting the project’s work to elevate women’s voices and participation in Tanzanian water governance.

WARIDI will continue to participate in high level learning meetings in FY19 to share best practices, success stories and results from WARIDI’s GIYI activities and learn from others’ experiences to refine WARIDI work.

Sub-Task 0.1.1: Gender and Youth Capacity Timin Comments Building g Inputs GIYI trainings at district level Q1-2 Completed Learning and knowledge transfer initiatives Q1-4 Ongoing and completed. Lead formation of gender working group Q1 Completed Outputs District leaders trained Q1-4 Completed. District action plan items implemented Q1-4 Ongoing Participated in USAID Tanzania meetings and Q1-4 Initiated and ongoing. district, national, and international gender and youth meetings USAID gender working group created Q1 Completed

Sub-Task 0.1.2: Implement Gender Integration and Youth Inclusion Strategy across WARIDI mechanisms and processes and technical areas Guided by GIYI strategy prepared in Year 1, in FY18 the GIYI team worked across all three IRs and with the MEL team to ensure that project activities are gender-integrated, youth inclusive, and promote women and girls’ empowerment where possible.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 94 In Q1 the global GIYI team also continued to implement its approach across all project activities. The Gender and Youth Advisor attended two pre-RFA meetings for COWSO and ODF campaigns to offer guidance for ensuring that processes were gender-equitable. In addition, the Gender and Youth Advisor and Iris Group Senior Gender Expert attended a launch meeting for a partnership between WARIDI and LIXIL in December. Participation in these meetings ensured that WARIDI sub-grantee and partners are fully integrating the GIYI approach in their proposed activities.

In parallel, the global GIYI team also prepared a mid-term update on the GIYI strategy to ensure that the strategy mirrors shifts in planned project activities. In order to update the strategy, the team consulted with technical team leads to gather their recommendations about how to best implement existing GIYI strategies, as well as new opportunities for applying the GIYI approach. The update including a focus on measurement and capturing success stories for the remaining life of the project, as well as further defining GIYI in IR3 as those activities became more well-defined and rolled out on a larger scale. This mid-term update will guide GIYI activities going forward.

GIYI and IR2: Capacity building for COWSOs As a major GIYI integration input for IR 2 – Governance, the GIYI team developed a one-day training design focused ultimately on COWSO members. This activity was conceived as a response to the observation that COWSO-support grantees each brought a slightly different approach to integrating gender and youth inclusion into COWSO’s day-to-day operations. The GIYI team began with the Ministry of Water and Irrigations’s Trainers Manual for Community Managed Water Supply Organizations in Tanzania (2015) to identify the gender- and youth-related requirements of COWSOs. The GIYI module, intended as a standardized tool for use by WARIDI grantees, lays out a process by which trained COWSO members will be able to:

• Define sex and gender and explain the difference between the two; • Reflect critically on what is expected of men and women in their communities and how those expectations affect men and women in public decision-making; • Map out who does what (women and men) in terms of water, from the household to the community level; • Identify strategies to support women’s full participation in the COWSO’s activities and leadership. Using this training module, the GIYI team trained the COWSO support grantees from the initially targeted five districts (Q2) and repeated the activity with the second round of COWSO grantees in Q4. By following up on the first-round training, the GIYI team learned that engagement agents and grantees were struggling to recognize and document gender-related outcomes within the COWSO operations. The team made an adjustment, therefore, to add a half-day session focused on recognizing and documenting results under WARIDI Indicator 2.5 and how to craft a success story.

Grantees are expected to replicate the training to 137 COWSOs under their Milestone 3 starting in October of 2018, after which the GIYI team will look to document resulting shifts in COWSO membership and operational procedures.

GIYI and IR3 In support of IR 3, GIYI consultant Dr. Christopher Magomba attended the partnership planning forums for eWATERpay and VIAMO to identify opportunities for gender integration and youth inclusion. Recommendations to eWATERpay included to disaggregate baseline and post-pilot survey data by sex and age, and to use gender-sensitive questions to gauge to technology’s positive and negative effects on

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 95 different groups. In the case of VIAMO, participants worked on the development of potential messages for the services, including gender-sensitive and youth-inclusive wording, as well as messages on menstrual hygiene. In Q4, the Gender and Youth Advisor supported two partnership meetings, the fist with VIAMO to review sanitation messages prior to airing to ensure they captured gender and youth issues. The second was with EXP who are organizing a roadshow under IR3. In this case the Gender and Youth Advisor assisted with planning women’s forums that respond to women’s needs and ensured that pre-test tools captured gender issues in sanitation. Finally, the GIYI team reviewed two instruments under eWATERpay—the baseline perceptions survey for COWSOs and a second survey for community members—to highlight differentiated needs experienced by women and youth.

GIYI and M&E In collaboration with WARIDI’s MEL Coordinator, the GIYI team developed a data collection tool and accompanying procedures to capture gender integration and youth inclusion results across multiple project activities. The MEL team trained engagement agents and grantees on how to use the tool and have been adapting the tool and procedures based on feedback and challenges identified in the field.

Sub-Task 0.1.2: GIYI Across WARIDI Timing Comments Inputs Integration strategy implemented Q1-4 Ongoing. Integrate gender and youth-sensitive measurement in Q1-4, Initiated and ongoing. M&E tools, analyses and processes ongoing Integrate gender and youth questions in data collection Q1-4 tools and analyses for project research/baselines Integrate gender and youth across technical areas Q1-4 including: Community Engagement in WASH; Norms Change/ Decision-making; IWRM Governance and Climate Change Adaptation; Livelihoods and productive resources; Private Sector; Grants Outputs Gender and youth integrated across project processes, Q1-4 Ongoing M&E and research Gender and youth integrated across all 3 IRs and main Q1-4 Ongoing technical areas of the project

Sub-Task 0.1.3: Intervention to increase women’s and youth decision-making (UPWARD)

WARIDI began implementation of the community intervention phase of the gendered social norms change intervention in Year 3. Named UPWARD (for Uplifting Participation in Water-Related Decision- making), the initiative moved from community selection, to baseline survey, to curriculum development and TOT, to actual community-based group education sessions for formal and traditional leaders and established women’s group. In Q1, the GIYI team finalized participatory assessment tools for the baseline assessment, which began in late November with a refresher training for the field team on the selected qualitative and participatory research methods/tools. The assessment sought to uncover harmful gender norms that inhibited women’s full participation in community-based water management. Assessment team members used an innovative “vignette” approach to draw out community perspectives about gender roles and norms. The team spent two weeks collecting data through focus group discussions and in-depth interviews in Kilolo and Kilombero districts. Table 15 below shows the breakdown of total participants who participated in FGDs (92) and IDIs (43) in the respective communities.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 96 Table 15. Number of Participants in the UPWARD baseline assessment Activity Lulanzi (Kilolo DC) Kanolo (Kilombero DC Total Men Women Men Women Community 13 5 19 23 60 Meeting FGDs 25 25 18 24 92 IDIs 11 10 11 11 43 Total 49 40 48 58 195

Drawing on the baseline findings—especially the identification of existing harmful norms—the GIYI team developed two facilitation guides in Q2 to serve as the foundation for the intervention itself. These guides incorporate lessons learned and proven methodologies from the social norms change work of colleague organizations such as CARE, the International Women’s Development Agency, and SASA! The first guide focuses on formal and traditional leaders, the second on established women’s groups such as VICOBAs. Both lay out a multi-session group education, critical reflection, and action-planning process.

WARIDI engagement agents supported the selection of a six-member community facilitation team (CFT) for each participating community (Lulanzi, Kilolo and Kanolo Kilombero) according to criteria set by the GIYI team. In Q3, the GIYI team facilitated a 3.5-day TOT for the CFTs and respective DCDOs and WCDOs—a total of 19 participants (10 women and 9 men). The workshop’s purpose was to strengthen the CFT member skills in facilitating gendered social norms change at the community level, including • Providing an opportunity to reflect on their own perceptions and assumptions related to gender and power; • Expanding their understanding of gendered dynamics especially around water-related decision making; • Strengthening their facilitation skills and ability to support gendered social norms change. After previewing and practicing the UPWARD sessions, the CFT members developed community- specific action plans to identify participating leaders and women’s groups and schedule the group education/reflection/action sessions.

In Q3 and Q4, with the support of an UPWARD consultant, the Lulanzi and Kanolo CFTs organized and conducted multi-session programs for leaders and women’s groups. Each program consisted of eight sessions each for 2-hour with content including: sex and gender, gender and WASH, envisioning more constructive norms, what to expect of leaders, increasing women’s role in public decision-making, public speaking skills, and inclusive decision-making approaches.

The following tables represent the GIYI team’s current estimates of number of women and men reached with participatory, gendered social norms change sessions. In a forthcoming STTA trip, participation numbers will be verified down to the individual participant. It is possible that some of the women trained in women’s group sessions also were present for the leaders’ sessions. To avoid double-counting, we can currently attest that at least 168 women and 29 men received at least one UPWARD session.

Table 16: Formal and traditional leaders trained Village Women Men Total Lulanzi 24 12 36 Kanolo 8 17 25 Total 32 29

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 97 Table 17: Members of established women’s groups (e.g. VICOBAs) trained Village: Sub village Women Men Total Lulanzi: Umoja 45 0 45 Lulanzi: Tuinuane 45 0 45 Lulanzi: Kilimani 5 0 5 Kanolo: Faraja 20 0 20 Kanolo: Haijalishi 15 0 15 Kanolo: Jikomboe 12 0 12 Kanolo: Winners 16 0 16 Kanolo: Upendo 10 0 10 Total 168 0 168

With the community education sessions just completed in Q4, the UPWARD consultant continues to make monthly monitoring visits to Lulanzi and Kanolo, engaging with community members to look for evidence of any shift in gender norms in favor of women’s participation and leadership of community- based water management and to provide them with technical support. In Q2 of FY19, WARIDI will conduct an end line evaluation of the intervention to determine whether and to what extent the intervention influenced changes in community-held gender-related norms.

Sub-task 0.1.3: UPWARD Timing Comments Inputs Selection of community facilitation team and community Q1 Completed. awareness raising Baseline assessment and analysis Q1 Completed Training of community facilitation team Q2 Completed Community engagement to implement intervention Q2-4 Initiated and ongoing Monitor activities Q3 Initiated and ongoing Outputs Community action teams selected, and community Q1 Completed. awareness/sensitization activities completed Baseline assessment completed, and data analysed Q1 Completed Community action teams trained Q2 Completed Selected community groups engaged for intervention pilot Q2-3 Initiated and ongoing Community interventions implemented Q2-4 Initiated and ongoing Activity monitoring Q2-4 Initiated and ongoing

MEL GIYI Learning questions:

A gender and youth assessment and resulting strategy was developed in Year 1 that identified specific actions within WARIDI IRs and sub IRs as well as identifying cross-cutting approaches for gender integration and youth inclusion. Through the analysis of gender and youth related gaps, barriers and opportunities relevant to the project activities and priorities, WARIDI generated the following learning questions:

1) Are women and youth in WARIDI-assisted communities benefitting differently from improvements of livelihoods, water and natural resources management (NRM) management? If so how and in what way? What is the impact (positive or negative) of WARIDI interventions on other issues related to the safety and security of women?

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 98 WARIDI’s 16 water schemes in five districts have helped women reduce time spent to fetch water, thereby freeing up time for other activities. Women have also benefitted from livelihoods training; 823 women participated and learned how to make kitchen gardening and improved poultry keeping. This will afford women self-employment opportunities which should contribute to improved family welfare such as taking care of sanitation and other health services, meeting dependents’ educational expenses and water tariffs. Furthermore, through WARIDI’s Grantee TFCG women are trained on climate smart agricultural practices and natural resources management (NRM) which is very important for livelihoods resilience for rural women.

2) Are WARIDI activities effectively raising awareness of the benefits of women and youth involvement in water-related decision making? Is that affecting women and youth’s participation in water-related decision-making spaces?

WARIDI’s emphasis on capacity building for LGAs and COWSOs has clearly contributed towards raising awareness about the benefits of women’s and youth involvement in water-related decision- making. The GIYI training curricula for LGAs and COWSO-supporting grantees both highlight the critical importance of women’s leadership and participation in ensuring sustainable water solutions. For example, the training developed for and delivered to COWSO grantees, who will replicate the content with 269 COWSOs, includes an activity in which COWSO members actively differentiate the water- related roles of women and men, from the household to the community level. COWSO members are called upon to identify concrete adjustments to existing membership and operational guidelines that afford greater decision-making opportunity for women. In FY19, the GIYI team will conduct outreach to COWSO grantees to determine the follow-up actions implemented at the COWSO level.

In addition, the UPWARD gendered social norms change intervention engages community leaders in questioning norms that inhibit women’s involvement in water-related decision-making. In UPWARD sessions, leaders in two communities practiced using a participation ladder tool to measure the degree of involvement that women and men each had in recent community decisions. While the implementation of UPWARD group education sessions has just come to a close in Q4 of FY18, the GIYI team expects to collect reports of real increases in women’s decision-making roles under a Q2/FY19 end line evaluation.

3) Are WARIDI activities effectively promoting women’s participation in the sanitation value chain? How? With what benefits for women and communities? What are the best practices?

Through Micro Enterprise trainings in ten Districts, 99 women were trained on different sanitation opportunities such as sanitary pads, affordable plastic toilets and water treatment like filters. Women were considered as key players in the hygiene and sanitation value chain, both as distributors and buyers/customers. Upcoming road show activities scheduled for 15 districts will reach and create opportunities for women to venture into different sanitation opportunities through targeted women’s entrepreneurship awareness forums. Also, WARIDI’s Livelihoods team will identify and train women and female youth to engage in making sanitation products such as antiseptics and detergents. Through this initiative, women will engage in income generating activities that stand to increase their financial status, good health, and nutrition.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 99 MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE ISSUES

The WARIDI Project made a number of management changes during FY18. Whereas the project looked and functioned like 3 or 4 distinct activities housed in the same building, now WARIDI is one team working closely with one another. Internal communications were improved, project branding within and for outside was standardized. Project technical staff from IR 1 were made responsible for assuring performance of the many WARIDI COWSO and ODF grantees, and this close supervision has produced excellent results. The project now has integrated trainings whenever possible, to give, for example, COWSO and LGA staff training on monitoring and reporting, climate change and environment, gender and youth inclusion, as well as technical training specific to the matter at hand.

Work planning coordination has improved markedly with the introduction of weekly meetings and weekly reports. The meetings have proven beneficial for staff across all component to give an accounting of their previous week’s accomplishments, and to coordinate coming week’s field movements. The weekly reports have served to provide written record for all staff (some of the Engagement agents are often at post and cannot attend weekly meetings) and to provide timely information to USAID as well as home offices of the prime contractor and subcontractors. Again, this has resulted in much better understanding of the work, better coordination, anenabled the Project COR to spot issues and areas where he can give timely technical direction.

The major personnel change was the replacement of the DCOP, a position that fell under the Winrock subcontract, with Eng. Bigambo Nandiga who is a Tetra Tech employee. This is a realignment of key personnel requested by USAID, and it has proven to be highly successful and clarified reporting relationships in the field and in home offices. Other personnel changes have been mostly to fill all project posts identified last year, except for the IWRM Governance position under IR 2, which Mr Bigambo held prior to becoming DCOP. That position is currently being recruited and expected to be filled by end November 2018.

WARIDI is a field work intensive project and this year saw the vehicle fleet add 3 new vehicles, for a total of 11. Four vehicles were transferred from a previous project and require a lot of maintenance and may need to be replaced in the near future. Nevertheless, we still need to rent additional vehicles fairly regularly specially to support IRs 1 and 3, and this will certainly continue as the next round of water projects ramps up. Coordinating travel has been challenging, the team now must provide travel plans the week prior to travel so administrative staff may plan, and this has improved vehicle usage.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 100 GRANTS MANAGEMENT

The grants program launched in May 2017 with an award to TFCG (see Sub-Task 2.3). Ten grants were then awarded to seven NGOs for a district-wide COWSO capacity-building and ODF campaigns in September and October 2017 for the first five WARIDI selected districts (i.e. Kilolo, Iringa, Kilombero, Kilosa and Mvomero). Six more grants were awarded to six NGOs for a district-wide ODF campaigns in Chalinze, Bagamoyo, Mufindi, Wanging’ombe, Malinyi and Ulanga districts. WARIDI also awarded two In-kind grants to the two Basins of Wami-Ruvu and Rufiji for strengthening Hydrometeorological observation capacity which were then followed by awards of eight grants for a district-wide COWSO capacity-building in Bagamoyo, Gairo, Mufindi, Wanging’ombe, Malinyi, Morogoro, Njombe and Ulanga districts and two more grants for a district-wide ODF campaigns in Gairo and Mbarali districts. SEMA grant for a district-wide ODF campaigns in Morogoro district was the last grant to be awarded in year 3. This made WARIDI to have a total of 30 ongoing grants with a total commitment of $4,624,356.50.

Grants Performance for all Ongoing Grants during the year:

Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG – Forest Conservation and PES in Kilolo and Kilombero): In May 01, 2017, WARIDI signed a standard three-year grant agreement with TFCG worth $628,632.81 with a grantee contribution of $217,776.59 to improve water, forests and livelihoods activities through integrated water, forest and land resources management and climate change resilience in the Udzungwa Mountains. During the year, TFCG submitted both technical and financial report for the period of October 2017 to June 2018 which were reviewed and approved. Among the output achieved by TFCG during this year include; 338 (53% women) farmers from 5 villages train on climate-smart, small- scale agriculture including zero-burning, prepared and approved the Village Land Use Plan and bylaws, Village Forest Reserve management plan and it bylaws, CBFM Financial management plan by-laws for Uluti and Itonya villages, approval of CBFM plan, VLUP and by-laws for Itonya and Uluti villages, trained 10 Community Based Trainers from 5 villages, trained 155 farmers on weed management, pests and diseases management in 6 Farmer Field School (FFS).

Community Environment Management Development Organization (CEMDO Tanzania – COWSOs Kilombero): On August 21, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with CEMDO worth $99,666.36 with a grantee contribution of $28,145.45 to contribute to improvement in Health and Water Supply Management through the Establishment and COWSOs in the Kilombero District. During the year, CEMDO submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three, four and five deliverables. A total of TZS 219,266,000.00 (equivalent to $99,666.36) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by CEMDO during this year included; project introduction meetings, water point mapping exercise, training need assessment, capacity building workshop, awareness meetings with villages leaders for COWSOs establishment, meeting to orient the interim committee and develop interim constitution, field visits at Wards and Villages to sensitize for COWSOs formation, and train leaders from existing COWSOs on administrative, financial and general management skills, registration of 8 new COWSOs, induction training for the newly elected COWSO leaders, capacity Building for both new and existing COWSOs, train COWSOs leaders on administrative, financial and general management skills, train technicians/artisan from existing COWSOs on operational and maintenance skills, continued mentoring and/or follow-up visits to registered COWSOs, End line assessment of COWSOs and water users entities and updating of WPM.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 101 Empowerment of Marginalized Communities (E-MAC Tanzania – COWSOs Mvomero): On August 21, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with E-MAC worth $99,676.36 with a grantee contribution of $19,761.82 to contribute to sustainable accessibility of water through establishment and capacity building of COWSOs in Mvomero district. During this year, E-MAC submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three, four and five deliverables. A total of TZS 219,288,000.00 (equivalent to $99,676.36) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by E-MAC during this year included; project introduction meetings, analysis of district capacity on processes for water point and functionality mapping, water point mapping exercise, COWSOs baseline survey, initial village meeting for establishment of COWSOs, village assembly first meetings with village official, formation of interim committees to prepare a constitution (first draft), second village assembly meetings in villages, Ward Development Committee (WDC) meeting at Ward level, train leaders from existing COWSOs on administrative, financial and general management skills, facilitate interim Committee to Submit a draft Constitution at the district for registration, follow-up of COWSOs registration from District office, organize and carryout Election of the Standing Permanent Committee of the COWSOs, capacity Building for both new and existing COWSOs, train COWSOs leaders on administrative, financial and general management skills, train technicians/artisan from existing COWSOs on operational and maintenance skills, and continued mentoring and/or follow-up visits to registered COWSOs, Study visit, End line assessment of COWSOs and water users entities and updating of WPM.

Ileje Environmental Conservation Association (IECA – COWSOs Iringa): On August 21, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with IECA worth $98,084.55 with a grantee contribution of $8,150.00 to achieve improvements in health and water supplies management, through the establishment and support of COWSOs in Iringa district council. During this year, IECA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three, four and five deliverables. A total of TZS 215,786,000.00 (equivalent to $98,084.55) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by IECA during this year included; project introduction meetings, review of inventory checklist and conduct water point mapping, feedback meeting with LGA, training need assessment and development of training curriculum, capacity building plan workshop, community sensitization meeting on establishment of COWSOs, review and development of constitution of new COWSOs, registration process for new COWSOs, development and signing of MoUs between new COWSOs and village governments, train leaders from existing COWSOs on administrative, financial and general management skills, sensitization meeting for COWSO leaders on equitable representation of women, capacity Building for both new and existing COWSOs, train COWSOs leaders on administrative, financial and general management skills, train technicians/artisan from existing COWSOs on operational and maintenance skills, continued mentoring and/or follow-up visits to registered COWSOs, End line assessment of COWSOs and water users entities and updating of WPM.

Health Actions Promotion Association (HAPA – ODF Kilombero): On August 25, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with HAPA worth $109,186.59 with grantee’s contribution of $6,587.27 to achieve improvement of Community Hygiene and Sanitation in Kilombero district. During this year, HAPA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three and four deliverables. A total of TZS 205,605,000.00 (equivalent to $93,456.82) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by HAPA during this year included; project introduction meetings, distribution of sanitation registers, production of sanitation demonstration kits, awareness meetings for institutional triggering, train data collectors on the use of sanitation registers and CLTS approach, capacitating school teachers on hygiene and sanitation, formation of school child to child (C2C) health clubs in selected schools, CLTS/SLTS triggering activities in sub-village level, orientation

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 102 of CLTS and SLTS committees’ members on roles, responsibilities and action plan, review meeting and prepare district hygiene and sanitation strategic plan, Baseline survey for Kilombero district, distribution of EIC materials, Quarterly report showing updated sanitation and hygiene information (Database) in the district and Report on status of latrines construction and Household with improved latrines in 40 selected ODF villages.

Sustainable Environment Management Action (SEMA – ODF Mvomero): On August 25, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with SEMA worth $108,789.55 with grantee contribution of $5,618.18 to achieve improvement of Community Hygiene and Sanitation in Mvomero district. During this year, SEMA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three and four deliverables. A total of TZS 195,629,500.00 (equivalent to $88,922.50) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by SEMA during this year included; project introduction meetings, development of ODF implementation plan, baseline survey on community OD status and WASH Committee's status, capacity building of local Leaders, and Animators on sanitation and ignition process, distribution of the BCC and EIC materials, awareness, formation and training on Child to Child approach (CtC), training of teachers on CtC approach (20 Schools), awareness creation on Hygiene and Sanitation to women and youth Groups, quarterly report showing updated sanitation and hygiene information (Database) in the district and Report on status of latrines construction and Household with improved latrines in 50 selected ODF villages.

Sanitation and Water Action (SAWA-ODF Kilosa): On August 25, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with SAWA worth $110,500.97 with grantee contribution of $15,831.10 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Kilosa District. During this year, SAWA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three and four deliverables. A total of TZS 203,391,479.10 (equivalent to $92,450.67) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by SAWA during this year included; project introduction meetings, institutional triggering and capacity building on verification and certification of data collection and triggering, conduct capacity building session of Sub- village teams on data collection, baseline data collection in 834 sub villages and data updating, consolidate data collected from 40 wards and develop a district sanitation inventory/database, pre- triggering and triggering sessions at sub village level, sanitation promotion events and BCC material provision, quarterly report showing updated sanitation and hygiene information (database) in the district, report for feedback workshop on the status and plans for district/ward sanitation and hygiene, and report on status of latrines construction and households with improved latrines

Sanitation and Water Action (SAWA-COWSO Kilosa): On August 25, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with SAWA worth $105,310.44 with grantee contribution of $16,627.37 to achieve improvement in Health and Water Supply Management through the Establishment and Support of COWSOs in Kilosa District. During this year, SAWA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three, four and five deliverables. A total of TZS 231,682,973.80 (equivalent to $105,310.44) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by SAWA during this year included; project introduction meetings, meeting to share initial assessment findings towards preparation of district-wide COWSOs capacity building plan, workshop with CWST, DFT, ward representatives for information sharing on COWSOs status, COWSOs assessment and mapping of existing water scheme, Orient the district facilitation team (DFT) to develop a draft COWSO/WMB District Wide capacity building plan and training modules, community awareness meetings on importance of COWSO establishment and registration, orientation training to Interim committee and village leaders to develop a draft constitution, support visit to COWSOs formation and registration processes to ensure

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 103 compliance as per COWSO national guidelines and registration, training to new selected COWSO leaders and government leaders to equip relevant knowledge, workshop with key stakeholders CWST, DFT, WARIDI to develop sustainability plan, orientation training to Interim committee and village leaders to develop a draft constitution, Community Awareness meetings on the importance of COWSO establishment and registration, Support visit for formation and registration processes of COWSOs, training to water care takers and COWSO leaders on operation and maintenance of water facilities, refresher training to 6 COWSOs and water care takers to strengthen their capacities immediately after assessment, follow up and technical monitoring to provide back stopping support to COWSO for sustainability enhancement, refresher training to COWSO and water care takers, End line assessment of COWSOs and water users entities and updating of WPM.

Peoples’ Development Forum (PDF-COWSOs Kilolo): On September 14, 2017, WARIDI signed a one- year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with PDF worth $98,764.55 with grantee contribution of $7,440.00 to achieve improvement in Health and Water Supply Management through the Establishment and Support of COWSOs in Kilolo District. During this year, PDF submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three and four deliverables. A total of TZS 169,832,000.00 (equivalent to $77,196.36) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by PDF during this year included; project introduction meetings, training needs assessment to existing COWSOs to identify gaps and prepare training materials, water point mapping exercise and capacity assessment of COWSOs, workshop with CWST, ward leaders and the private sectors to share assessment findings to obtain inputs on capacity building plan, community awareness meetings on establishment and registration of COWSOs, customize COWSOs training manual and capacity building plan to reflect findings of Training Needs Assessment, train COWSO interim committees and village leaders to develop constitution, meeting to facilitate COWSOs interim committees to finalize the constitution, field visits at Wards and Villages to sensitize for COWSOs formation, train leaders from existing COWSOs on administrative, financial and general management skills, registration of 5 new COWSOs, capacity Building for new COWSOs, train COWSOs leaders on administrative, financial and general management skills, train technicians/artisan from existing COWSOs on operational and maintenance skills, and continued mentoring and/or follow-up visits to registered COWSOs.

Peoples’ Development Forum (PDF-ODF Iringa): On September 14, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with PDF worth $104,147.50 with grantee contribution of $8,687.27 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Iringa District. During this year, PDF submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three and four deliverables. A total of TZS 197,639,000.00 (equivalent to $ 89,835.91) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by PDF during this year included; project introduction meetings, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene, development of ODF implementation plan and training modules, engagement of school Management committees, communities and LGAs for improvement of SWASH facilities, training data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation/processing, certification and reporting, training teachers and WEC on basic concepts of hygiene behaviours using tool kit 3 of SWASH, capacity building and demand creation/ triggering using CLTS and SLTS triggering approaches, Quarterly report showing updated sanitation and hygiene information (Database) in the district and Report on status of latrines construction and Household with improved latrines in 40 selected ODF villages.

Peoples’ Development Forum (PDF-ODF Kilolo): On September 14, 2017, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with PDF worth $94,741.14 with grantee contribution of $8,505.45 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Kilolo District. During this year, PDF submitted both technical and

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 104 monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one, two, three and four deliverables. A total of TZS 176,450,000.00 (equivalent to $80,204.55) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by PDF during this year included; project introduction meetings, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene, development of ODF implementation plan and training modules, engagement of school Management committees, communities and LGAs for improvement of SWASH facilities, training data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation/processing, certification and reporting, training teachers and WEC on basic concepts of hygiene behaviours using tool kit 3 of SWASH, capacity building and demand creation/ triggering using CLTS and SLTS triggering approaches, quarterly report showing updated sanitation and hygiene information (Database) in the district and Report on status of latrines construction and household with improved latrines in 40 selected ODF villages.

Wami-Ruvu Basin Water Board (WRBWB) and Rufiji Basin Water Board (RBWB): On April 11, 2018, WARIDI signed eighteen-months In-kind grant agreements with WRBWB and RBWB worth $1,069,529.31 in total with $633,797.39 to RBWB and $435,731.92 to WRBWB aiming at contributing to Strengthening Hydrometeorological (Hydromet) Observation Capacity and Sustainability, through improved Hydromet monitoring in the Basins. During this year, WARIDI through Tetra Tech home offices managed to purchase various equipment including; Sontek M9, Inflatable boat with motors, Aquarius software, Hydroclimate stations, Rangefinders, and Handheld radios. Most of the equipment have already been delivered to Tetra Tech Home Offices and some have been shipped to Tanzania and delivered to respective BWBs.

Water and Environmental Projects Maintenance Organization (WEPMO-ODF Bagamoyo): On April 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with WEPMO worth $91,110.00 with grantee contribution of $8,017.27 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Bagamoyo District. During this year, WEPMO submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 84,060,500.00 (equivalent to $38,209.32) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by WEPMO during this year included; Detailed report showing the status of ODF in the district, Inception meeting with LGA and wards representatives, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules, train data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation, certification and reporting, baseline data collection and validation in Bagamoyo DC, feedback meeting with LGA on baseline data collected, community sensitization on National Sanitation BCC Campaign, and community demand creation, triggering activities and handwashing promotions.

Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control Organization (EEPCO-ODF Ulanga): On April 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with EEPCO worth $98,884.32 with grantee contribution of $3,800.00 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in . During this year, EEPCO submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 92,522,000.00 (equivalent to $42,055.45) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by EEPCO during this year included; Detailed report showing the status of ODF in the district, Inception meeting with LGA and wards representatives, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules, train data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation, certification and reporting, baseline data

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 105 collection and validation in Ulanga DC, feedback meeting with LGA on baseline data collected, and community sensitization on National Sanitation BCC Campaign.

Peoples’ Development Forum (PDF-ODF Chalinze): On April 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with PDF worth $117,316.59 with grantee contribution of $8,950.00 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Chalinze District. During this year, PDF submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 99,336,250.00 (equivalent to $45,152.84) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by PDF during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA and wards representatives, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules, training of Data Collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation/ processing, certification and reporting, joint sharing meeting with district officials on baseline data collected train teachers and WEC on basic concepts of hygiene behaviors, capacity building and demand creation by using CLTS and SLTS triggering approaches, baseline data collection and validation in Chalinze DC, and community sensitization on National Sanitation BCC Campaign.

Health Actions Promotions Association (HAPA-ODF Malinyi): On April 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with HAPA worth $90,657.94 with grantee contribution of $5,567.11 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Malinyi District. During this year, HAPA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 99,977,740.00 (equivalent to $45,444.43) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by HAPA during this year included; Detailed report showing the status of ODF in the district, Inception meeting with LGA and wards representatives, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules, updated inventory of fixed assets, train data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation, certification and reporting, baseline data collection and validation in Malinyi DC, feedback meeting with LGA on baseline data collected, capacitate school teachers on hygiene and sanitation, and community sensitization on National Sanitation BCC Campaign.

Maji na Maendeleo Dodoma (MAMADO-ODF Wanging’ombe): On April 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with MAMADO worth $118,023.98 with grantee contribution of $13,581.25 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Wanging’ombe District. During this year, MAMADO submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 110,928,562.50 (equivalent to $50,422.07) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by MAMADO during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA and wards representatives, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules, train data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation, certification and reporting, baseline data collection and validation in Wanging’ombe DC, community sensitization on National Sanitation BCC Campaign, and joint sharing meeting with LGA on baseline data collected.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 106 Ileje Environmental Conservation Association (IECA-ODF Mufindi): On April 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with IECA worth $106,327.50 with grantee contribution of $7,368.18 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Mufindi District. During this year, IECA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 84,060,500.00 (equivalent to $38,209.32) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by IECA during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA and wards representatives, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules, train data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation, certification and reporting, baseline data collection and validation in Mufindi DC, feedback meeting with LGA on baseline data collected, community sensitization on National Sanitation BCC Campaign, capacitate school teachers on hygiene and sanitation, and community demand creation, triggering activities and handwashing promotions.

Sanitation and Water Action (SAWA - ODF Gairo): On May 25, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with SAWA worth $104,911.07 with grantee contribution of $10,641.29 to Support to Sustainable Improvement of district Sanitation and Hygiene behaviors in Gairo District. During this year, SAWA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 96,205,837.23 (equivalent to $43,729.93) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by SAWA during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA and wards representatives, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, train data collectors on data collection, verification, aggregation, certification and reporting, baseline data collection and validation in Gairo DC, feedback meeting with LGA on baseline data collected, sanitation promotion events by using locally available communication channel.

Community Development and Relief Trust (CODERT - ODF Mbarali): On June 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with CODERT worth $126,358.91 with grantee contribution of $7,797.09 to contribute to achieving improvements in health in Mbarali district through the improvement of sanitation and hygiene behaviors. During this year, CODERT submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one deliverables. A total of TZS 92,202,800.00 (equivalent to $41,910.36) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by CODERT during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, and preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules.

Ileje Environmental Conservation Association (IECA-COWSOs Mufindi): On June 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with IECA worth $96,290.59 with grantee contribution of $3,952.27 to improve accessibility and sustainability of water through capacity building of COWSOs and establishment of new COWSOs with Collaboration with Mufindi district. During this year, IECA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestone one deliverables. A total of TZS 41,545,150.00 (equivalent to $18,884.16) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by IECA during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA, and Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT).

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 107 Enterprise Coaching and Development (ECD -COWSOs Ulanga): On June 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with ECD worth $114,984.09 with grantee contribution of $8,408.64 to contribute to improvements in health and water supply management through the establishment and support of Community Owned Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs) in Ulanga District. During this year, ECD submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 105,638,750.00 (equivalent to $48,017.61) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by ECD during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA, Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT), district wide water point Mapping, initial village council meeting and 1st village assembly meeting on the importance of establishing COWSOs, facilitate Interim Committees to prepare a constitution, 2nd Community Assembly meetings to discuss and approve the draft constitution, Ward Development Council (WDC) meetings to approve and submit interim constitution, election of the Standing Permanent Committee of new COWSOs, CIT assessment feedback meeting with LGA and other stakeholders, preparation of training modules and extension materials for COWSOs, development of a detailed District-wide COWSOs capacity building plan for COWSOs.

Maji na Maendeleo Dodoma (MAMADO - COWSOs Wang’ingombe): On June 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with MAMADO worth $109,851.82 with grantee contribution of $9,584.77 to contribute to improvements in health and water supplies management in Tanzania through the establishment and support of Community Owned Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs) in Wanging’ombe District. During this year, MAMADO submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 98,149,125.00 (equivalent to $44,613.24) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by MAMADO during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA, Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT), district wide water point Mapping, initial village council meeting and 1st village assembly meeting on the importance of establishing COWSOs, facilitate Interim Committees to prepare a constitution, 2nd Community Assembly meetings to discuss and approve the draft constitution, Ward Development Council (WDC) meetings to approve and submit interim constitution, election of the Standing Permanent Committee of new COWSOs, CIT assessment feedback meeting with LGA and other stakeholders, preparation of training modules and extension materials for COWSOs, development of a detailed District-wide COWSOs capacity building plan for COWSOs.

Empowerment of Marginalized Communities (E-MAC Tanzania - COWSOs Gairo): On June 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with E-MAC worth $109,891.64 with grantee contribution of $4,907.09 to contribute to improvements in accessibility and sustainability of water through capacity building of COWSOs and establishment of new COWSOs with collaboration with Gairo district. During this year, E-MAC submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 105,869,900.00 (equivalent to $48,122.68) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by E-MAC during this year included; Inception meeting with both WARIDI and LGA, Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT), district wide water point Mapping, initial village council meeting and 1st village assembly meeting on the importance of establishing COWSOs, facilitate Interim Committees to prepare a constitution, 2nd Community Assembly meetings to discuss and approve the draft constitution, Ward Development Council (WDC) meetings to approve and submit interim constitution, election of the Standing Permanent Committee of new COWSOs, CIT assessment feedback meeting with LGA and other stakeholders, preparation of training modules and extension materials for COWSOs, development of a detailed District-wide COWSOs capacity building plan for COWSOs.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 108 Empowerment of Marginalized Communities (E-MAC Tanzania - COWSOs Morogoro): On June 11, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with E-MAC worth $126,070.05 with grantee contribution of $9,498.00 to contribute to improvements in accessibility and sustainability of water through capacity building of COWSOs with collaboration with Morogoro district. During this year, E-MAC submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 115,372,400.00 (equivalent to $52,442.00) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by E-MAC during this year included; Inception meeting with both WARIDI and LGA, Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT), district wide water point Mapping, CIT assessment feedback meeting with LGA and other stakeholders, preparation of training modules and extension materials for COWSOs, development of a detailed District-wide COWSOs capacity building plan for COWSOs.

Environmental Management and Economic Development Organization (EMEDO - COWSOs Malinyi): On June 18, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with EMEDO worth $108,949.36 with grantee contribution of $6,889.82 to contribute to community empowerment for sustainable supply and management of water and sanitation services in Malinyi District. During this year, EMEDO submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 100,685,900.00 (equivalent to $45,766.32) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by EMEDO during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA, Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT), district wide water point Mapping, initial village council meeting and 1st village assembly meeting on the importance of establishing COWSOs, facilitate Interim Committees to prepare a constitution, 2nd Community Assembly meetings to discuss and approve the draft constitution, Ward Development Council (WDC) meetings to approve and submit interim constitution, election of the Standing Permanent Committee of new COWSOs, CIT assessment feedback meeting with LGA and other stakeholders, preparation of training modules and extension materials for COWSOs, development of a detailed District-wide COWSOs capacity building plan for COWSOs.

Tanzania Association of Environmental Engineers (TAEEs - COWSOs Bagamoyo): On June 18, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with TAEEs worth $120,026.59 with grantee contribution of $7,586.36 to contribute to improvements in health and water supply management through the establishment and support of COWSOs in Bagamoyo District. During this year, TAEEs submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one and two deliverables. A total of TZS 111,229,000.00 (equivalent to $50,558.64) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by TAEEs during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA, Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT), district wide water point Mapping, initial village council meeting and 1st village assembly meeting on the importance of establishing COWSOs, facilitate Interim Committees to prepare a constitution, 2nd Community Assembly meetings to discuss and approve the draft constitution, Ward Development Council (WDC) meetings to approve and submit interim constitution, election of the Standing Permanent Committee of new COWSOs, CIT assessment feedback meeting with LGA and other stakeholders, preparation of training modules and extension materials for COWSOs, development of a detailed District-wide COWSOs capacity building plan for COWSOs.

Southern Highlands Participatory Organization (SHIPO - COWSOs Njombe): On June 25, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with SHIPO worth $116,018.08 with grantee contribution of $16,772.31 to contribute to improvements in water supplies and heath management through the support of Community Owned Water Supply Organizations (COWSOs) in

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 109 Njombe District Council. During this year, SHIPO submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestone one deliverables. A total of TZS 43,096,439.50 (equivalent to $19,589.29) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by SHIPO during this year included; Inception meeting with LGA, and Introductory meetings and first baseline assessment to establish COWSO status by using competency Index tool (CIT).

Sustainable Environment Management Action (SEMA -ODF Morogoro): On August 01, 2018, WARIDI signed a one-year Fixed Amount Award grant agreement with SEMA worth $131,028.64 with grantee contribution of $6,548.86 to contribute to achieving Improvements in Health in Tanzania through the Improvement of Sanitation and Hygiene Behaviors in Morogoro District. During this year, SEMA submitted both technical and monitoring and evaluation reports for milestones one deliverables. A total of TZS 93,783,875.00 (equivalent to $42,629.03) was reimbursed/paid to the grantee for the milestones deliverables and procurement of furniture and supplies. Among the deliverables submitted by SEMA during this year included; Detailed report showing the status of ODF in the district, Inception meeting with LGA, institutional triggering and awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene at district and ward levels, identification of Microenterprises for supply/sale of sanitation product in the district, and preparation of ODF Implementation Plan and Training Modules.

Table 18: Summary of Grants Awarded up to 30 September 2018

WARIDI WARIDI Project Name and Approved Grant # Grant Name Approved Budget Location Budget (TZS) (USD) Tanzania Forest Forest Conservation - WARIDI001 Conservation Group (TFCG) Iringa 1,373,562,694.44 628,632.81 Community Environment COWSOs establishment Management and WARIDI002 and Strengthen - Development Organization 212,534,000.00 96,606.36 Kilombero (CEMDO Tanzania) Ileje Environmental COWSOs establishment WARIDI003 Conservation Association and Strengthen - Iringa 215,786,000.00 98,084.55 (IECA) Empowerment of COWSOs establishment WARIDI004 Marginalized Communities and Strengthen - 219,288,000.00 99,676.36 (E-MAC Tanzania) Mvomero

Health Actions Promotion ODF Campaign - WARIDI005 Association (HAPA) Kilombero 240,210,500.00 109,186.59 Sanitation and Water Action COWSOs establishment WARIDI006 (SAWA) - COWSOs and Strengthen - Kilosa 231,682,973.80 105,310.44 Sanitation and Water Action WARIDI006 ODF Campaign - Kilosa (SAWA) - ODF 243,102,138.80 110,500.97 Sustainable Environment ODF Campaign - WARIDI007 Management Action (SEMA) Mvomero 239,337,000.00 108,789.55 Peoples’ Development Forum COWSOs establishment WARIDI008 (PDF) - COWSOs KILOLO and Strengthen - Kilolo 217,282,000.00 98,764.55

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 110 WARIDI WARIDI Project Name and Approved Grant # Grant Name Approved Budget Location Budget (TZS) (USD) Peoples’ Development Forum WARIDI008 ODF Campaign - Kilolo (PDF) - ODF KILOLO 208,430,500.00 94,741.14 Peoples’ Development Forum WARIDI008 ODF Campaign - Iringa (PDF) - ODF Iringa 229,124,500.00 104,147.50 Rufiji Basin Water Board Strengthening Hydromet WARIDI009 (RBWB) - Rufiji Basin Observation Capacity 1,394,354,253.97 633,797.39 Wami-Ruvu Basin Water Strengthening Hydromet WARIDI010 Board (WRBWB) - Wami- Observation Capacity 958,610,218.55 435,731.92 Ruvu Basin Sanitation and Water Action WARIDI011 ODF Campaign - Gairo (SAWA) 230,804,348.92 104,911.07

Water and Environmental sanitation Projects ODF Campaign - WARIDI012 Maintenance Organization Bagamoyo 200,442,000.00 91,110.00 (WEPMO) - ODF Bagamoyo Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control ODF Campaign - WARIDI013 Organization (EEPCO) - ODF Ulanga 217,545,500.00 98,884.32 Ulanga Peoples’ Development Forum ODF Campaign - WARIDI014 (PDF) - ODF Chalinze Chalinze 258,096,500.00 117,316.59

Sustainable Environment ODF Campaign - WARIDI015 Management Action (SEMA) Morogoro 288,263,000.00 131,028.64 - ODF Morogoro Health Actions Promotion ODF Campaign - WARIDI016 Association (HAPA) - ODF Malinyi 199,447,460.00 90,657.94 Malinyi Maji na Maendeleo Dodoma ODF Campaign - WARIDI017 (MAMADO) - ODF Wanging'ombe 259,652,750.00 118,023.98 Wanging'ombe Ileje Environmental ODF Campaign - WARIDI018 Conservation Association Mufindi 233,920,500.00 106,327.50 (IECA) - ODF Mufindi COWSOs establishment Maji na Maendeleo Dodoma WARIDI019 and Strengthen - (MAMADO) 241,674,000.00 109,851.82 Wanging'ombe Empowerment of COWSOs establishment WARIDI020 Marginalized Communities and Strengthen - Gairo 241,761,600.00 109,891.64 (E-MAC Tanzania) Ileje Environmental COWSOs establishment WARIDI021 Conservation Association and Strengthen - 211,839,300.00 96,290.59 (IECA) - COWSOs Mufindi Mufindi

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 111 WARIDI WARIDI Project Name and Approved Grant # Grant Name Approved Budget Location Budget (TZS) (USD) Environmemtal Management COWSOs establishment WARIDI022 and Economic Development and Strengthen - Malinyi 239,688,600.00 108,949.36 Organization (EMEDO)

Tanzania Association of COWSOs establishment WARIDI023 Environmental Engineers and Strengthen - 264,058,500.00 120,026.59 (TAEEs) Bagamoyo

Enterprise Coaching and COWSOs establishment WARIDI024 Development (ECD) - and Strengthen - 252,965,000.00 114,984.09 COWSOs Ulanga Ulanga Empowerment of COWSOs establishment Marginalized Communities WARIDI025 and Strengthen - (E-MAC Tanzania) - 277,354,100.00 126,070.05 Morogoro COWSOs Morogoro Southern Highlands COWSOs establishment WARIDI026 Participatory Organization and Strengthen - 255,239,774.00 116,018.08 (SHIPO) Njombe Community Development and ODF Campaign - WARIDI027 Relief Trust (CODERT) Mbarali DC 308,097,100.00 140,044.14

Total 10,164,154,812.48 4,624,356.50

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 112 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING

Capacity building to grantees, technical staff and partners Early in FY18 the MEL team and WARIDI management conducted meeting with technical teams across all components (WASH, Governance and Private Sector). The aim was to discuss WARIDI performance indicators, data collection tools, and data reporting as stipulated in the MELP. The meeting involved ensuring a common understanding of the indicator and definition, discussions on results and reporting, corrections on some sections of the indicator, improvement of the data collection tools and guidance materials and sharing of supporting documents for the project activities. The MEL team took the lead in ensuring technical staff understood the MEL system, data required, methodology of data collection and frequency of data collection. Key opportunities for improvement were identified.

Visit by Tetra Tech Home Officer MEL Specialist In early November, a MEL specialist from Tetra Tech’s home office make a two-week STTA visit to the project. Her trip objectives included: • To review indicator definitions, data collection methods and WARIDI responsible person for data collection per each indicator. WARIDI MELP doc is now under review. • To consult technical staff on data collection issues and discuss their roles in MEL for ensuring provision of quality data. • To conduct an internal full DQA to five indicators as per five DQA criteria. The reason for considering only five indicators it is because majority of the indicators had no data and activities not yet started. The following were the indicators investigated by the internal DQA: • Indicator 1.2: Number of communities verified as open defecation free (ODF) as a result of USG assistance (HL.8.2-1) • Indicator 1.3: Number of people gaining access to a basic sanitation service as a result of USG assistance (HL.8.2-2) • Indicator 2.1: Number of integrated laws/policies, strategies, plans, agreements or regulations addressing climate change and/or biodiversity conservation officially proposed, adopted, or implemented as a result of USG assistance (F 4.4.2-28) [Sub-IR 2.3.1] • Indicator 2.7: Number of institutions with improved capacity to address climate change issues (F 4.8.2-14) • Indicator 2.8: Number of stakeholders with increased capacity to adapt to the impacts of climate change (F 4.8.2-26).

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 113 • She visited grantees (SAWA, SEMA) in Kilosa and Mvomero for spot checking incoming data • To participate in COWSO capacity assessment and training of sanitation data collectors. • To discuss best practices and several MEL orientation items (DEC, DDL, etc.) • To identify learning activities how and when MEL team can be able to carry out learning activities to various stakeholders and report back to WARIDI team. Major findings of the visit included 1) low quality data for certain indicators (mainly validity and reliability) as a result of either insufficient review of the data or lack of streamlined procedures for data collection; 2) insufficient adherence to procedures outlined in the MELP; 3) incomplete filing and documentation; and 4) opportunity for greater project learning and adaptive management. Recommendations were provided verbally and by email to the MEL and Project Management Teams.

As part of capacity building, the MEL team in collaboration with technical staff provide ongoing technical support to all ODF and COWSOs grantees across all 14 LGA currently operating. This was done quarterly per each grantee by conducting several field visit to provide on-the-job training on data collection and reporting using online and hard copy data recording, data review, verification validation and field spot checks. Significant progress on data validity and reliability has been made in FY18.

Early Q1 the team participated in data collector’s training for SAWA-Kilosa, HAPA-Kilombero, SEMA- Mvomero and PDF Kilolo and Iringa grantees. The purpose was to provide technical support on any challenges arising and provide experience and solution of challenges and issue arose during data collection for first 48 villages in five LGAs with regard with sanitation and hygiene register. Spot- checking of sanitation and hygiene data collected through the registers was conducted. It was agreed all grantees will submit ODF baseline data at the end of December. However, delays have been encountered from SAWA and PDF who started their activities late in September 2017. By the end of December, the MEL team have received baseline data from HAPA, SAWA and PDF covering most of the villages in their respective district (only the dataset from HAPA is complete).

In Q2 WARIDI was also the host of the USAID M&E Tri-annual meeting. The WARIDI MEL Team helped prepare for the USAID M&E quarterly meeting which was held by WARIDI on 28th February in Morogoro. Two water schemes sites for Melela/Mlandizi and Hembeti in Mvomero were selected for field visits where the visitors observed data collection activity through the government sanitation and hygiene registers, COWSOs and water supply. The following were the recommendations;

• WARIDI to explore more on areas where there is existing COWSOs as to why the water system became non-functional and learn from there to ensure the water project in place will be sustainable. • WARIDI to review its MELP document and include some custom indicator. • WARIDI should work with LGAs and find out what to be done to come up with meaningful activities for sanitation and hygiene data collection activity. • WARIDI to know the existing USAID partners in areas of operation and carry out collaboration for example PELUM Tanzania who also work in Melela/Mlandizi. • WARIDI should address gender equity in COWSOs that are new and existing so that more women and youth can be involved in leadership and understanding their role effectively. • Lastly it was recommended to have a separate gender strategy which will address the role of youth in implementing WASH activities. In fact, WARIDI has a gender strategy which addresses both Youth

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 114 and women interventions across IRs. All of the above recommendations WARIDI has integrated in its implementation.

In mid-FY18, the WARIDI MEL team, in collaboration with grants manager and sanitation lead, conducted an orientation meeting with second and third round of ODF grantees (MAMADO, SAWA, SEMA, HAPA, PDF, IECA, WAPMO EEPCO and CODERT). During this meeting the MEL specialist oriented the grantees on different WARIDI MEL reporting tools and basic project issues including project deliverables as per WARIDI approved Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan (MELP) with indicators to be achieved through the grant program. She highlighted the data collection and reporting procedures and insisted on the use of available government system during the implementation of the project. The tools oriented were the following;

• Standard Operating Procedure for meeting workshop and training which explain the importance and how to keep track of all process indicators including people attending WARIDI facilitated meeting, training and workshop. • Beneficiaries registration form and the google drive data reporting system which used to keep track of beneficiaries reached • Sanitation and water product form used to track water and sanitation product sold in prospective LGAs by WARIDI partners and trained MEs. • National household sanitation registers and village summary to clarify all terminology according to national sanitation guideline and the stakeholder ODF annual review meeting held in Mikumi including Ministry of health. The emphasis was put on Household definition (Household are people who stays together and eats meal from a common pot (i.e. food prepared by a common person) and have a common head of household) Water based toilet (Water based latrine/toilet is the one that has water seal/trap fixed/installed) Shared latrine (When latrine is used by more than 5 households, the first five households are counted as having latrine and the rest as they do not have latrine) and recording of household with more than one toilet (In this scenario we record the most improved toilets with evidence of being used • Quarterly update of sanitation registers and Insisting on data quality aspect • Having benchmark figures by listing number of wards, villages, hamlets and households in the whole district • We also emphasized on importance and how to write success stories during the implementation of WARIDI project. • Data flow chart from sub village to WARIDI and NSMIS. The team kept clear the data reporting and flow chart from Sub village to the National Sanitation Management information system to foster sustainability. In Q3 the MEL team, in collaboration with grants manager and institutional support coordinators, conducted an orientation meeting with second and third round of COWSOs grantees IECA, MAMADO, ECD, TAEEs, EMEDO, EMAC and SHIPO. During this meeting the MEL specialist oriented the grantees on different WARIDI MEL reporting tools and basic project issues including project deliverables as per WARIDI approved Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning Plan (MELP) with indicators to be achieved through the grant program. She highlighted the data collection and reporting procedures and insisted on the use of available government system during the implementation of the project. The tools oriented was the following;

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 115 • Water user’s registration form both for public and private water points to capture actual number of people received services provided by COWSOs. • COWSOs registration form and summary to capture COWSOs information including number of water points, status of water points and number of people served. • Beneficiaries’ registration form with Standard Operating Procedure for meeting workshop and training which explain the importance and how to keep track of all process indicators including people attending WARIDI facilitated meeting, training and workshop. And the google drive data reporting system which used to keep track of beneficiaries reached. • COWSOs capacity assessment tools CIT and water point mapping template. • GIYI data collection tool to capture number of community leaders promoting gender equity. As part of capacity building the MEL team carried out a meeting with WARIDI Engagement Agents in Iringa and Morogoro office and new WARIDI staffs in Morogoro office respectively (sanitation lead, engagement coordinators and institutional support) to orient and train them on WARIDI M&E indicators, data collection tools, reporting system and their roles in M&E activities. In addition, the MEL team followed up on software activity data and support documentation from water scheme contractors in the 16 water scheme interventions. This was meant to facilitate proper documentation and receipt of quality data from contractors with regards to COWSOs training done. The team also reviewed water scheme subcontractors training forms as part of software capacity building submitted both hardcopy and electronically. Again, during Q3 FY 2018 the WARIDI MEL team conducted a number of field visit to grantees in the first five LGAs to provide support on data collection and management. The technical support was based on the following areas; • Arrangement of all deliverables including filling data into online database, proper filling of data collection tools and follow up on data to be submitted. • Check documentation for the reported data, data collection tools used and reporting in both hard copy and online through google drive as well as share and discuss different data collection tools. • Discussing and plan data collectors training for second and third round of ODF grantees • Provided capacity building to ODF grantees on administering SBCC tool through use of local media. • Provided technical capacity building for COWSO grantees on administering Capacity building results forms, water beneficiaries’ form and improved COWSO leadership form. Also, the MEL specialist attended partnership meeting with VIAMO in Dar es salaam, a partnership to develop messages for a new WASH channel on their 3-2-1 messaging platform, hosted by Vodacom, the meeting aimed at identifying and clarify partnership roles and responsibility, and to developed partnership activity plan. • It was agreed that VIAMO will be reporting quarterly the number of users viewed and registered per different message • WARIDI will be given an online link to view the number users registered On top of that the MEL coordinator attended meeting with TFCG in Dar for review the second-year implementation workplan and review on the deliverables per output.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 116 • It was agreed that TFCG will share all supporting documents for the activities that has been implemented from Q1-Q3 of FY2017. • Other agreed action was that TFCG use the data collection tools that has been shared to report on activities which complement WARIDI indicators. • It was also agreed TFCG will share monthly report to WARIDI MEL team and upload the required data in WARIDI online data base. As part of capacity building to WARIDI MEL staff the MEL coordinator attended training on success story writing and photograph taking carried out by WARIDI communication specialist in Mikumi. This is to ensure that the staff has knowledge on proper documentation of evidence and results are achieved.

Data quality management and filling As part of ensuring quality data, in Q2 the MEL team conducted and participated in difference workshops and meeting to ensure each stakeholder is aware of quality data and data collection tools across the project. The team managed to participate in the following meetings and workshops:

• Participated in the meeting between water scheme contractors and grantees to agree on COWSO Support in 16 WARIDI Interventions in Iringa and Kilolo. The MEL team got opportunity to orient and share data collection tools and google drive link for data submission to water scheme contractors and district water engineers, community development officers and COWSO registrar. • Participate in the annual ODF stakeholders (WARIDI, MOHCDGEC, PORALG, RS, LGA) review meeting in Mikumi. WARIDI MEL team presented ODF data collection and reporting challenges to MOHCDGEC, LGAs and grantees. It was agreed WARIDI should work very closely with the LGAs in doing monitoring and data verification for Sanitation and Hygiene. Also, to minimize data error through aggregation it was agreed that data should only be complied at village level and reported to DHO at district level. Another recommendation is that MOHCDGEC to give WARIDI MEL team access to National Sanitation Management Information System (NSMIS) for accessibility of data reported in every quarter. • COWSO grantee workshop in Mikumi. As part of monitoring and evaluation, grantees were presented to achievement and challenges encountered so far. This led to discussion between WARIDI staff and grantees. The meeting resulted to provision of clarity on type of information required from grantees for submission in area of Water Point Mapping and COWSOs information. In Q3 with regards to data quality management the MEL team reviewed and file all data collected from grantees, technical staff to ensure all data and support documentation are proper filed both in hard copy and online. Also, to ensure that there is consistent and valid data collection WARIDI MEL team pretested data collection tool for water supply (indicator 1.1) to both existing and newly established COWSOs in Mgama, Ifunda, Irindi and Ikela water schemes. This tool is developed to keep track of all water users/beneficiaries from COWSO in the 16 water schemes. The team managed to gather different views from COWSOs leaders shared to the large technical team for finalization. Furthermore, WARIDI MEL Coordinators participated in DQA workshop conducted by USAID contractors D4D in Morogoro. The main objective of the workshop was to orient USAID IPs on DQA tools and protocols and prepare them on the upcoming DQA.

To ensure data quality the MEL team conducted internal review and proper filing of submitted document both hardcopies and electronic in WARIDI files and database submitted by both grantees and technical staff to ensure all data and support documentation are proper filled. Also, the team worked with gender

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 117 team and finalize the data collection tools to capture number of Number of community leaders and resource personnel promoting gender equity and women and youth empowerment within their spheres of influence (indicator 2.5) which will be used by engagement agents and grantees to document the community leaders promoting gender equity. Furthermore, the team reviewed and updated data collection tools for capturing Number of integrated policies, strategies, plans, agreements, regulations, or by-laws addressing IWRM officially proposed, adopted, or implemented (indicator 2.1), This tool will be used by WARIDI basin support specialist and TFCG and Number of partnerships established for water provision, sanitation, water resource management and/or stewardship (indicators 3.3).

The MEL team was involved in an internal meeting for discussing the appropriate method for capturing beneficiaries for water supply indicator which will be captured by COWSOs under water scheme. Also, the MEL coordinator participated in COR meeting where different field visiting finding were explained and agreeing way forward.

Apart from the three major activities conducted the MEL team also participated in WARIDI midterm review meeting and provision of midterm data to evaluator to facilitate their plan. Also, the team Conducted Internal DQA for ODF & COWSO grantee SEMA, EMAC, HAPA, CEMDO, and SAWA in Morogoro. Basically, this activity was to find out how grantee comply with data management and storage as per WARIDI milestone deliverables.

At the end of Q3 Also, the MEL specialist, Attended USAID M&E triannual workshop in Mtwara aiming at providing USAID DO2 implementing partners with an in-depth understanding of Collaboration Learning and Adaptation (CLA), field experience and ways to enhance CLA and roles of M&E specialist for sustainability of USG supported interventions. The workshop collects M&E staff from all DO2 implementing partners to share different experiences, knowledge and good practices for learning purpose. In this course the participants Learnt from the Experiences of Marie Stopes, Boresha Afya and Mboga and Matunda activities. The following were covered during the meeting: • Understanding of CLA; • Learning from the Experiences of Marie Stopes, Boresha Afya and Mboga and Matunda activities; • Increased appreciation on how to develop CLA action plan; • Also, as a take home assignment, individual IP developed action plans regarding what they will do regarding CLA.

Also, as part of sharing lesson learnt and learning different aspect of data quality the WARIDI MEL team participated in the data quality webinar coordinated by MEL home office. The data quality webinar involved MEL team from Home office, WARIDI and Georgia Good Governance Initiative (GGI) Project. Different aspect of DQA was discussed including five data quality aspects and sharing different activities and approaches used to ensure data quality.

External Data Quality Assessment In Q4 the MEL team took the lead to support external DQA activity conducted by USAID contractor Data for Development (D4D) in Morogoro. This DQA was mainly focus on IR 1 (WASH and water) and IR 2 (Governance) indicators especially for the result reported in quarter 2 and 3 of FY18. During this activity the following was done;

• The team provide an overview of project and indicator achievement to date for the selected indicators.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 118 • Support the DQA team with documentation needed to verify the reported achievement/numbers and provide clarification where needed. • Accompany the DQA team to LGA for cut-score and field visit for verification in two sites (Hembeti and Melela) where they meet data collectors for ODF indicators and COWOSO leaders for water supply indicators. • During field visit the DQA team ask several questions to data collectors related to their capacity on data collection activity and went through sanitation register to check validity and correctness of the data comparing with the village summary and the reality in the household by conducting household visit. During this activity the DQA team witnessed correct information in terms of data reported by seeing existence of the really sanitation and hygiene situation for in the HHs as appeared/ recorded in the register. Also, proper data filling in the register despite some few discrepancies found between register and the village summary in Hembeti compared to Melela which was found well filled. • Also, the DQA team was concerned with how to count beneficiaries for improved water services and having support documentation. It was recommended that WARIDI should do direct counting of beneficiaries by obtaining the number of HH and the disaggregation of male and female in VEOs office. The same method should be applied on COWSOs on obtaining the results after the capacity building. • Reporting on ODF communities, it was recommended WARIDI to take a step ahead reporting communities that have reached national level certification. • Also, the MEL team participated in the debriefing meeting with the DQA team. The recommendation will be taken into consideration during the implementation of the activities and improvement of the revised MELP. MELP Revision Early Q2 the MEL team reviewed the MELP document for further observation and discussion before submitted as final document to USAID.

Review and compilation of monitoring data In October, the MEL team worked on the review and verification of sanitation and hygiene data for 48 villages which were reported in Q4 of the Annual report. Challenges encountered in previous quarters with data reliability and completeness persisted. The sanitation data reported in the FY17 report was revised to be more conservative than initial estimates.

The MEL team worked on following up, review and verification of grantees milestone deliverables. For ODF grantees which include HAPA, SAWA, SEMA, and PDF the MEL team have been able to present in this quarterly report summary of results on National sanitation campaign which involved:

• Institutional triggering • Data collection training, follow up and review of sanitation and hygiene data to government enumerators such as village and sub village leaders, CHWs on the use of sanitation and hygiene registers. The activity involved data collection in all wards, villages and sub village in a district for sanitation and hygiene activities.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 119 For COWSOs, grantees carried out Water Point Mapping for the district, COWSOs assessment by using the CCM tool and conducted training, meeting and workshop with various stakeholders. Tables in subtask 2.1.4 show summary results for COWSO and WPM in five LGAs.

ODF Grantees The MEL team continued to support ODF grantees with proper documentation and reporting of their activities, including:

• Reviewing and approval of supporting documents submitted with the milestone deliverables. • Filing internal verification supporting documents for communities verified as open defecation free (ODF). • Verification of population data on submitted documents for communities self-declared as open defecation free (ODF). Once communities have completed the self-assessment process, WARIDI (through the ODF grantee, Engagement Agent and Sanitation team) will work with the District Health Officer and Ward Health Officer to schedule and carry out a visit for external verification which will then have declaration for the community as ODF. For the case of WARIDI communities are declared ODF under the universal coverage of basic. • Sanitation at household level and around farmlands, bushes/ forests, water points, and rivers without considering institutions such as schools, churches, mosques, health facilities, markets etc. • Reviewing and verifying quarterly data submitted to WARIDI google drive database.

COWSO Grantees The MEL team continued to support COWSO grantees with proper documentation and reporting of their activities, including:

• Review data entry in google drive, follow up from grantees to ensure data are recorded. A cutoff date for data entry was set to be 15th December • Review and approve COWSO grantee supporting documents • Review of grantees supporting document this include reports and registration forms • Printing, rearranging and filing milestone/quarterly submitted document • Reviewed COWSOs Training modules, capacity building plan for the upcoming COWSO capacity building activity The MEL team participated supported grantee activities such as COWSOs baseline assessment by using CCM tool, holding needs assessment meetings for COWSO members as per the assessment results which will help grantees prepare for capacity building to COWSOs. The exercise of data verification identified a number of challenges encountered such as mismatch of data from village government and that from the grantee and provided technical support to both grantees and technical team for improvement. Some of improvements that are taken into considerations include ensuring grantees use uniform tools in data collection, providing guideline and clarification of terminologies in the data collection tools, ensuring gender and climate change are integrated in grantees activities implementations. All the above aimed at ensuring the team receives quality and accurate data.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 120 Data collection and verification The team conducted several field visits to WARIDI grantee for verification and validation of baseline ODF data from grantees (HAPA) in Kilombero district, SAWA in Kilosa and SEMA in Mvomero, PDF in Iringa and Kilolo district. Various issues regarding data quality were observed to answer the following questions:

• Are the data collected cover the entire household per village? • Is the data collected reflect the reality from the household? • Are data aggregated similar to the data collected through register? • Are the people collecting data qualified and properly supervised?

The process entails cross-checking data submitted by grantees against village summary forms, the village summary against register and register against reality in the community by spot checking some households. The following were the common findings for most of the grantees.

• Collection of quality data need more time and money for verification and follow by grantees for the first quarter including on job capacity building to data collectors and VEOs. • Incomplete data collection means that, the data collection exercise doesn’t reach all households in the village • 90% of the data collected reflect the reality in the community • Some do not reflect because of the low understanding of the data collectors on the type of latrines so they do not report the exactly type of latrine available • Most of data collectors are capable of data collection • Incomplete introduction information in the register like name of data collector, date and reporting period of data collection • The definition and type of latrines are still a major problem to data collectors • The definition of Household is the major cause of mismatch of total number of Household in the village and those in the register

Recommendation • Grantees and LGA officials should keep on continuous close monitoring and mentoring • Grantees should continue with capacity building to data collectors and VEOs to enhance sustainability. The MEL team also visited water scheme contractors in Iringa and Morogoro for monitoring of COWSO activities in respective water schemes. It was found that contractors are doing well in COWSO formation and strengthen through COWSO capacity building activities. It was also found contractors need M&E support in the use of data collection tools and reporting. In FY18 the MEL team concentrated on insuring data quality across the project through capacity building, field visits for data verification and validation, data cleaning and close follow up for ODF baseline data and providing technical support to the water scheme contractors for the software activities in five districts.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 121 Review and Analyse data for quarterly report At the beginning of Q3 the MEL team managed to collect, review, analyse and report ODF baseline data for the first five districts. The team was also able to pull and analyse project data from WARIDI Google drive database reported for trainings, workshops and meeting submitted by both grantees and technical staff. This information became part of narrative in respective IRs and also attributed to indicator achievement in the Q2 report.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 122 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE

Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Report (EMMR) This report presents the progress and status of implementation of the WARIDI EMMP in compliance with USAID’s Environmental Procedures (22 CFR 216) and with the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania (GoT) environmental guidelines and regulations as stipulated in Section H.9 of the USAID- WARIDI Contract No. AID-OAA-I-14-00068) Task Order No. AID-621-TO-16-00003. The WARIDI EMMP developed in May 2016 outlines a comprehensive system for mitigating, managing, and monitoring environmental impacts resulting from WARIDI activities.

Small Scale Water Supply and Sanitation Generally, the WARIDI project has subscribed to the best practices and environmental mitigation measures laid out in the USAID Environmental Guidelines for Small-Scale Activities (EGSSAA), Chapter 16: Water Supply and Sanitation (Appendix B), which offer a comprehensive structure for the Environmentally Sound Design and Management (ESDM) of small-scale WASH activities.

Furthermore, WARIDI has subscribed to GoT’s guidance on rural water supply and sanitation program implementation, and environmental compliance procedures as detailed in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) developed by the Water Sector Development Program (WSDP) under the supervision of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation. As WARIDI activities are all classified as Category C: Low Environmental Risk Level, under the MoWI’s ESMF framework, WARIDI has used USAID’s environmental (22 CFR 216) reporting procedures for programming purposes. Based on this, if activities are determined to require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under 22 CFR 216, WARIDI will then subject them to the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) in line with the GoT’s ESMF.

In other words, WARIDI has incorporated ESDM into its programming by adopting the USAID’s Environmentally Sound Design and Management Capacity Building (ENCAP) program definition and its rules (see below) that “requires design and implementation of activities to be accompanied with understanding of their environmental impacts and active efforts to minimize these impacts”. The three ENCAP’s basic rules for ESDM are:

i. Be prevention-oriented; ii. Apply best development environmental aspects of the activity; iii. Be systematic.

Achievements to date Based on the above arrangements WARIDI made concerted efforts to make sure that environmental damage is kept to a minimum and environmental benefits are maximized to the extent practicable. Some of the specific steps taken to achieve this goal include:

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 123 i) Using approved environmental screening tools such as Environmental Review Checklist (ERC), a tool which is conducted to all project activities to identify the potential environmental impacts and determine further environmental assessments needed (e.g. full ESIA). See ERC for Msowero, one of the sites for small-scale water supply projects. The project also uses the site evaluation checklist report for borehole drilling. This has been applied to Nyameni and Ilakala, Maharaka, Msowero and Melela sites. An example of the site evaluation checklist for borehole drilling is attached as Annex 14 in the environmental compliance folder. ii) Completing ERCs for all water schemes; to date, no potential negative environmental impacts have been identified. In addition to that, environmental mitigation measures were identified and prevented as described in table 19 below. An example of the ERC checklist for one of the WARIDI water schemes is attached as Annex 15 of the environmental compliance folder. iii) Water quality testing and water treatment for all schemes; a water treatment unit has been installed at each water scheme per WARIDI’s Water Quality Assurance Plan (WQAP), which is observed for all schemes and interventions on the WARIDI project. iv) Training COWSOs and village leaders on water source and water scheme management using GoT MOWI COWSO Manual of July 2015. A total of 15 COWSOs in the 16 water schemes have been capacitated. This excludes only Kilolo scheme, which is a District Water Utility. v) Promoting use of alternative energy sources to power water supply projects. For instance, taking advantage of advancement of technologies for solar energy to promote green/low carbon development, WARIDI designed 12 water schemes, which will be solar powered. These schemes have been designed and will be constructed in FY20. vi) Promoting natural resources conservation activities in the biodiversity rich ecosystems of Udzungwa and Kilombero Scarp nature reserves through protection of watersheds, forestry and land resources. This is through the establishment of relevant plans and management strategies (e.g. land-use plans, river basin management strategies), the establishment of relevant management institutions (e.g. Village Land-Use Committee, Village Natural Resources Committee, Water Users Associations and Water User Groups) as well as the establishment and enforcement of supporting by-laws. vii) Promoting innovative market-based (Private-Public-Partnership) conservation techniques such as the Payment for Environmental Services Scheme which is being piloted in Mngeta sub- catchment to prevent degradation of both quality and quantities of water in the Mngeta river through incentives provided by the private sector (Kilombero Plantation Limited). This scheme is expected to generate a net income of US$ 50,000 for participating villages for the initial period of 3 years starting December 2019. This revenue is expected to create an incentive for communities to engage more pro-actively in conservation activities thereby leading to enhanced conservation of natural resources. viii) Promoting alternative livelihood activities such improved farming practices and climate-resilient livelihood activities such as climate smart agriculture in order to improve community access to food and water security thereby reducing pressure both on water and forest/land resources. ix) Promoting behavior change and improved sanitation to enhance environmental health of communities and environment in areas where the WARIDI project is operating x) Supporting water governance institutions such as Basin Water Boards, Catchment and Sub- Catchment Committees to collect, process, analyze and apply up-to-date and reliable data in their planning and decision making related to water sources management (e.g. water allocations and permitting

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 124 xi) Supporting the preparation of environmental flow assessment in line with GoT guidelines xii) Conducting climate change vulnerability impact assessments for water resources and livelihoods in Rufiji and Wami-Ruvu and developing appropriate adaptation measures for both water resources and livelihoods.

Micro enterprise (ME) capacity building, WASH product promotions and partnerships WARIDI supports and empowers MEs to sell environmentally friendly sanitation and water products including latrine pans that use less water, water filters that do not use chemicals, and feminine menstrual cups that are reusable and do not contribute to disposal problems like sanitary pads. The program also promotes clean energy pumps like kick-start water pumps that do not use fossil fuels and drip irrigation kits which use water more efficiently than traditional methods.

WARIDI is also partnering with the private sector to install smart meters in two locations, which help increase revenue collection and promotes efficient use of water since it is no longer received free.

ME capacity building included training on an Environmental Guide so that they can understand how to include an environmental impact assessment and mitigation plan for any projects they want to implement, especially where they need external funding. In marketing and management modules, MEs were sensitized that businesses that consider environmental protection build customers goodwill such as use of branded reusable bags or paper bags and beautification of business premises with garden and trees to attract customers and mitigate environment degradation. Other aspects of training included proper disposal of waste within their businesses. MEs who run pharmacies have received information on Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDO) which provide directives on disposal of pharmaceutical and sanitary wastes. ADDO training aims to improve access to good-quality medicines in rural and peri-urban areas. Owners and staff of ADDO are required to get a training to run the "pharmacy,” including knowledge of essential drug handling, storage and dispensing practices, record keeping and shop management.

Alternative Livelihood Farmers training of trainers (TOTs)interventions. In designing WARIDI Farmers trainings the concept of environmental sustainability and building resilience was highly considered. WARIDI farmers’ capacity building on alternative livelihoods is based on the MUS approach, which considers environmental sustainability, rational use of renewable and non- renewable natural resources, management of ecosystems and promotion of appropriate agricultural technologies and practices that sustain and protect environment and enhance community participation. WARIDI’s livelihoods program build capacity in three areas that will not adversely affect the environment: Home gardens, local poultry and rabbit rearing and beekeeping.

• Home gardens. Popularly known as kitchen gardens, these gardens take up little space, and use limited amounts of water. Soils are enriched with organic materials disposed at the household level and with crop remnants. Due to their design, few weeds grow, which means they are less infested with pests and diseases. Farmers are taught to apply integrated pest and disease management (IPM). WARIDI promotes the use of improved and traditional seed varieties.

• Local breeds poultry and rabbit rearing. WARIDI promotes improved management practices for local poultry and rabbit rearing including vaccination, feeding schemes and construction of improved poultry houses and rabbit cages. Farmers are trained to apply waste from their animals to their gardens and fields instead of industrial fertilizers.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 125 • Beekeeping. Apiaries raise demand for good natural forests with plenty of water and less wind. WARIDI trains farmers to conserve and increase forest cover for improved beekeeping. Most of the sites identified by the TOTs farmers for beehive stocking border with wetlands and water streams. Farmers are trained to plant fruit and water friendly trees (e.g. Cygisium cordata) to demarcate the apiaries and crop fields. These trees provide shelter and pollen for bees, break wind, and conserve support improved ground water infiltration, providing ecosystem services to communities and supporting them to sustainably maintain water resources and control human practices in these areas. WARIDI promotes local technology using clay soils to make beehives. The clay beehives have been accepted by the farmers as they are of low cost and discourage use of timber in beehive construction. Women and youth have widely accepted the technology. TFCG Conservation Agriculture (CA) Interventions WARIDI implementing partner’s activities focus on integrated water, forest and land management, and climate change resilience in the Udzungwa Mountains. Communities in the project areas are trained through Farmer Field School (FFS) to adopt climate-smart agriculture, protect water sources and plant fruit trees for nutrition and adaptation to climate change. Conservation Agriculture helps control soil erosion and stabilize soil. Farmers are trained to grow cover crops, apply mulching, fallowing and crop rotation. Farm contours and terraces (famously known as fanya juu, fanya chini) are all used to control erosion and unregulated surface runoff resulting from heavy rains. These interventions improve soil structure, fertility and sustainably maintain the ecological systems.

In addition to the general environmental performance activities listed above, the specific progress and achievements made by the WARIDI project on the small-scale WASH construction activities based he EMMP are summarized in table 19 below.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 126 Table 19: Potential impacts and mitigation measures for specific activities and technologies

Activity/ Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Employed by WARIDI Technology envisaged from activities/technolo gies General Site Damage sensitive ✓ Avoided wetlands, estuaries or other ecologically sensitive sites in the project area selection ecosystems or for water endangered species ✓ Controlled erosion of soils schemes ✓ Avoided damage to vegetation and other project ✓ Prevented damage to the source from which water is taken or to which water is discharged after use activities ✓ Avoided altering the stream flows and/or significantly reducing seasonal availability of water resources ✓ Avoided Not potentially contaminating surface and groundwater supplies ✓ Avoided leading to unsustainable or unnecessary high-water extraction and/or wasteful use. (e.g. avoid depleting of fresh water resources (surface and groundwater) ✓ Promoted efficient use of water ✓ Avoided chemical degradation of the quality of portable water sources, both surface and groundwater (e.g. not to cause or allow any water to be polluted) ✓ Avoided creation of stagnant (standing) water by ensuring the proper drainage ✓ Avoided degradation of terrestrial, aquatic and coastal habitats ✓ Avoided potentially altering the exiting environment conditions ✓ Avoided supplying contaminated water ✓ Avoided locating/poisoning water sources down slope from potential sources of contamination, including surface water flows and flooding conditions ✓ Maintained a sanitary protective area around the well that is kept to its natural state. ✓ Selection of locations for latrines is based on sufficient distance from sensitive areas (e.g., water sources, houses)

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 127 Activity/ Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Employed by WARIDI Technology envisaged from activities/technolo gies Constructi Damage sensitive WARIDI has engaged only in small-scale construction which generate manageable erosion and vegetation on of ecosystems or damage buildings endangered species After construction activities, WARIDI has ensured revegetation of damaged areas where necessary and Cause erosion and structures sedimentation Soak Cause erosion ✓ WARIDI has used riprap (cobbled stone), gravel or concrete as appropriate to prevent erosion of aways and drainage structures Alter the natural flow drains of rainwater runoff ✓ Also supported local ability to monitor and keep drains and soak-aways clear Create pools of stagnant water Water Supply Improvements Hand-dug Contaminate water ✓ WARIDI has emphasized proper use, maintenance and improvement as part of behavior change and wells, with human education programs seasonal pathogens ✓ Only constructed systems that prevent people or contaminated material from touching impounded water ponds, improved ✓ Performed water quality tests consistent with the requirements of the GoT and in line with the WARIDI springs, Water Quality Assurance Plan (WQAP) ground- ✓ Water supply structures have been installed on appropriate sites based on advice from respective local level government and community authorities. catchment and similar ✓ WARIDI has ensured proper restoration during the back filling after laying pipes in areas where gravity- structures fed water schemes and piped water schemes have been constructed ✓ To the extent possible, WARIDI has endeavored to use local materials where available and feasible ✓ Wells and boreholes have been carefully sited to maximize sustainable yields and tested to ensure that respective yields are not exceeded. Sites in ecologically sensitive sites have been avoided to the extent possible and where necessary professional and administrative advice has been sought from relevant authorities ✓ No animals are allowed to drink directly from water sources.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 128 Activity/ Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Employed by WARIDI Technology envisaged from activities/technolo gies ✓ All surrounding community have been trained on the protection and maintenance of their water source. Community engagement and training activities have been conducted to educate villagers on the importance of water conservation to mitigate against unsustainable or wasteful water usage. By-laws and systems for regulating use and minimizing contamination or destruction of water supply systems have been put in place. ✓ At the start of the project, all potential water sources were tested for contaminants to ensure that they are fit for human consumption. ✓ Care has been taken to site locations for water supply systems at the recommended distance from latrines or other sources of contamination. ✓ Wells and boreholes have been properly constructed and sealed to prevent surface borne contamination. Their condition is and will continue to be monitored and leakages, broken pipes, faulty valves or similar structures will be quickly repaired. ✓ Water sources will be periodically tested to ensure that they are not contaminated per the WQAP

Contaminate water ✓ Local management organizations have been trained to use fencing or equivalent that will keep livestock with animal manure from grazing uphill or up gradient of the water supply improvement Create pools of ✓ Local management organizations have been trained and advised to not allow animals to drink directly stagnant water from the water source Exhaust water ✓ Support has been provided for local ability to monitor drains and soak-aways and keep them clear of supply (not debris applicable to ✓ Local management organizations have been trained to monitor and repair leaks from cracked improved springs or containment structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and similar structures wells equipped with handpumps) ✓ Local management organizations have been assisted to establish a system for regulating use, such as a local warden or appropriate pricing

Wells Provide water ✓ WARIDI has performed water quality tests consistent with the requirements of the GoT and in line with contaminated with the WARIDI Water Quality Assurance Plan (WQAP) nutrients and

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 129 Activity/ Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Employed by WARIDI Technology envisaged from activities/technolo gies bacteria from animal ✓ Local management organizations have been trained to not allow animals to graze or be watered up- waste gradient from wellhead Create pools of ✓ Opportunities to incorporate tree planting into water supply installation have been identified with stagnant water communities and promoted Change ✓ Local management organizations and well mechanics have been trained to monitor and repair leaks groundwater flow, from cracked containment structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and other mechanical elements that create saltwater impede the safe delivery of potable water to residents intrusion, deplete ✓ As part of community mobilization, COWSOs have been set up for all water schemes to collect funds aquifer, or cause from users to pay for spare parts and the transport and labor required for maintenance. land subsidence (not applicable to ✓ Proper use and maintenance of the improvement as part of the behavior change and education wells equipped with programs have been demonstrated and emphasized handpumps) Standpipe Create pools of ✓ Local management organizations have been trained to ensure that spilled water and rainwater drain to s stagnant water a soak-away or equivalent structure (e.g. irrigated area) and do not accumulate and create stagnant (This problem can standing water be more severe ✓ Local management organizations and mechanics have been trained to monitor and repair leaks from when water table is cracked containment structures, broken pipes, faulty valves and similar structures high, clay soils are present, or population/tap density is high) Treatment Systems Pit or vault Increase ✓ Improved pit latrine and designs that traps or does not allow entry of insect vectors have been promoted latrine transmission of ✓ CLTS and hygiene promotion activities have been supported in respective communities to bring about vector-borne community-wide awareness of unhealthy habits diseases ✓ Personal responsibility for maintaining clean hands, covering food, and maintaining a clean and Contaminate functioning latrine for the entire family’s use has been stressed to eliminate open defecation groundwater supply with pathogens ✓ Existing networks of community health workers has been supported to follow-up with communities to ensure sustainability of improved hygiene behaviors

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 130 Activity/ Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Employed by WARIDI Technology envisaged from activities/technolo gies Contaminate water ✓ supplies, damage water quality and/or transmit disease at other locations if waste is not properly handled and treated during or after servicing Cause injury to people or animals Natural Resource Management Natural Community-Based ✓ Addressed based on the modified Environmental Review Form (i.e. Environmental Review Checklist- Resource Natural Resource ERC) for Natural Resources Activities (see Annex 1, Msowero water scheme) Manageme Management nt (CBNRM) Natural resources- based enterprise development with micro- and small enterprises

Monitoring Mitigation measures for specific activities As noted above all the mitigation and enhancement measures described in the preceding section is being monitored and reported on by a range of stakeholders in the WARIDI project.

Information on the indicators of success, the schedule of monitoring, and responsibility for monitoring and reporting are shown in Table 20 below.

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 131 Table 20: Monitoring mitigation measures for specific activities under the WARIDI Project

Activity/ Monitoring Tool Technology Monitoring Indicator(s) Party Responsible General Site selection Survey conducted for site selection to EMMP Report Part 1, 2, District Field Staff, avoid wetlands or other ecologically 3 WARIDI field staff: Water sensitive sites that may contain Engineers endangered species. Construction of buildings Visual inspections for damage to EMMP Report 2,3 District Field Staff, and structures vegetation; sedimentation at stream WARIDI field staff: Water crossings Engineers Soak-aways and drains Visual inspection verifying absence of EMMR Report Part 2, 3 Local management stagnant water and erosion organizations Water Supply Improvements Hand-dug wells, seasonal Safe distance from latrines (more than 50 EMMR Report Part 2, 3 District Field Staff, ponds, improved springs, meters); Visual inspection verifying WARIDI field staff: Water gravity schemes, ground- absence of stagnant water Engineers, Local level catchment and similar management structures organizations Drilled Wells Safe distance from latrines (more than 50 EMMR Report Part 2, 3 District Field Staff, meters); Visual inspection verifying WARIDI Water absence of stagnant water Engineers, Hydrogeological surveyors, Local management organizations Standpipes Visual inspection verifying absence of EMMR Report Part 2, 3 Local management stagnant water and erosion organizations Treatment Systems Pit or vault latrine Visual inspections for seepage around EMMR Report Part 2, 3 District Field Staff, Local latrine; safe distance from water points or management sources (more than 50 meters) organizations, WARIDI field staff

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 132 Activity/ Monitoring Tool Technology Monitoring Indicator(s) Party Responsible Septic tanks Visual inspections for seepage around EMMR Report Part 1, 2, District Field Staff, Local septic tank; safe distance from water 3 management points or sources (more than 100 meters) organizations, WARIDI field staff Natural Resource Management Natural Resource Low risk activities as established by the Environmental Review District Field Staff, Management Activities Environmental Review Form for Natural Form for Natural WARIDI NRM staff Resources Activities (Annex E) Resources Activities (Annex 1)

WARIDI Annual Report – FY 18 133 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

(NOTE THAT THIS SECTION IS NOT ATTACHED TO THIS DOCUMENT NOR SUBMITTED TO DEC.ORG. THIS WAS SOLELY PROVIDED TO USAID.)

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 134 ANNEXES ANNEX 1: Approved schemes folder ANNEX 2: Business and Facility Management Team ANNEX 3: One page on finalized scheme folder ANNEX 4: Working Report on ODF External Verification Across Five ODF Grants ANNEX 5: Report on Election of new leaders and Refresher Training for Ngerengere Water User’s Association ANNEX 6: WUA Conflict Resolution Report ANNEX 7: Activity Report on Supporting Election of new Leaders and Refresher Training for Ngerengere Chini Water User’s Association in Wami-Ruvu basin ANNEX 8: Activity Report on Supporting Election of new Leaders and Refresher Training for Miyombo Water Users Association in Wami-Ruvu basin ANNEX 9: Wami-Ruvu Rating curves mission report by Bart Hilhorst from March and April respectively ANNEX 10: Trip Report Memorandum by Tim Bondelid to Tanzania from August 21 to September 6 2018 ANNEX 11: Trip Report Memorandum by Bart Hilhorst to Tanzania from August 25 to September 15, 2018 ANNEX 12: Trip Report Memorandum by Tim Bondelid to Tanzania (Iringa and Morogoro) from July 21 to August 4th 2018 ANNEX 13: Training on Climate Change Adaptation for Local Government Authorities ANNEX 14: Site evaluation checklist for Borehole drilling

135 ANNEX 15: WARIDI water Scheme Environmental Review Checklist

Note: Annexes not submitted with this report.

WARIDI ANNUAL REPORT – FY 18 136 U.S. Agency for International Development 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20523 Tel: (202) 712-0000 Fax: (202) 216-3524 137 www.usaid.gov