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United Republic of Tanzania United Republic of Tanzania The United Republic of Tanzania Jointly prepared by Ministry of Finance and Planning, National Bureau of Statistics and Njombe Regional Secretariat Njombe Region National Bureau of Statistics Njombe Dodoma November, 2020 Njombe Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2018 Foreword The goals of Tanzania’s Development Vision 2025 are in line with United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and are pursued through the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP) or MKUKUTA II. The major goals are to achieve a high-quality livelihood for the people, attain good governance through the rule of law and develop a strong and competitive economy. To monitor the progress in achieving these goals, there is need for timely, accurate data and information at all levels. Problems especially in rural areas are many and demanding. Social and economic services require sustainable improvement. The high primary school enrolment rates recently attained have to be maintained and so is the policy of making sure that all pupils who passed Primary School Leaving Examination must join form one. The Nutrition situation is still precarious; infant and maternal mortality rates continue to be high and unemployment triggers mass migration of youths from rural areas to the already overcrowded urban centres. Added to the above problems, is the menace posed by HIV/AIDS, the prevalence of which hinders efforts to advance into the 21st century of science and technology. The pandemic has been quite severe among the economically active population leaving in its wake an increasing number of orphans, broken families and much suffering. AIDS together with environmental deterioration are problems which cannot be ignored. Our efforts to meet these challenges are hampered by many factors including ill prepared rural development programs followed by weak implementation, monitoring and their supervision. The shortcomings in policy formulation, project identification, design and implementation due to the lack of reliable and adequate data and information on the rural development process have to be addressed. The availability of reliable, adequate and relevant qualitative and quantitative data and information at regional level is a prerequisite for the success of the formulating, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of regions’ development programs. The publication of the Njombe Region Socio-Economic Profile series by the President Office, Regional Administration and Local Government Authority (PO-RALG) in collaboration with the National Bureau of Statistics and Njombe Regional Administration Management Team should be viewed as a modest attempt towards finding a solution to the existing problem of data and information gap at regional level. The Regional Profile covers a wide range of statistics and information on geography, population, social-economic parameters, social services, economic infrastructure, i Njombe Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2018 productive sectors and cross cutting issues. Such data are vital to many policy makers, planners, researchers, donors and functional managers. This Njombe Region Socio-Economic Profile has taken advantage of the experience gained in the production of other Region and District Council Socio-Economic Profiles in the country. It provides valuable information to our clients. Constructive views and criticisms are invited from readers to make a profile like this a better tool in the implementation of the country’s policies. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge, the contribution made by National Bureau of Statistics, Council officials who coordinated the data collection and other staff of Njombe Regional Office who devoted their time to ensure the successful completion of this assignment. Katarina Tengia Revocati Regional Administrative Secretary November, 2020 ii Njombe Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2018 Table of Contents Foreword ....................................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ iii List of Table ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figure ................................................................................................................. xviii Acronyms .................................................................................................................... xx CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 Land, Climate, Agro-Ecological Zones and People ......................................................... 1 1.0 An Overview ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Geographical Location ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Land Area, Land Use Pattern and Administrative Units .......................................... 2 1.3 Climate, Soil and Topography .................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Climate ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Soil ................................................................................................................ 5 1.3.3 Topography ................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Vegetation ................................................................................................................. 6 1.5 Agro – Ecological Zones (AEZ) ............................................................................... 6 1.5.1 The Highlands Zone ..................................................................................... 6 1.5.2 The Midlands Zone ....................................................................................... 7 1.5.3 The Lowlands Zone ...................................................................................... 7 1.6 Drainage System ....................................................................................................... 7 1.7 Population ................................................................................................................. 8 1.7.1 Ethnic Groups ............................................................................................... 8 1.7.2 Population Distribution and Sex Ratio ......................................................... 8 1.7.3 Population Size and Growth ......................................................................... 9 1.7.4 Population Density ..................................................................................... 11 1.7.5 Population Trend ........................................................................................ 12 1.7.6 Dependency Ratio ...................................................................................... 13 1.7.7 Population Distribution by Sex and Age .................................................... 13 1.7.8 Households and Household Size ................................................................ 14 1.7.9 Rural and Urban Population ....................................................................... 15 1.7.10 Migration .................................................................................................... 16 iii Njombe Region Socio-Economic Profile, 2018 CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................................. 17 The Regional Economy and Poverty Level .................................................................... 17 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 17 2.1 Regional Gross Domestic Product .......................................................................... 18 2.2 Per Capita Gross Domestic Product ....................................................................... 19 2.3 Poverty Indicators ................................................................................................... 20 2.3.1 Income Poverty Rate, Poverty Gap and Gini Coefficient .......................... 20 2.3.2 Main Sources of Cash Income .................................................................... 21 2.3.3 Literacy Rate and Level of Education ........................................................ 21 2.3.4 Food security and Food Consumption Patterns .......................................... 22 2.3.4.1 Food Security ............................................................................................ 22 2.3.4.2 Number of Meals per Day ........................................................................ 23 2.3.4.3 Protein (Meat and Fish) Consumption Frequencies ................................. 23 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................... 25 Production Sectors ............................................................................................................ 25 3.0 Overview ................................................................................................................ 25 3.1 Agriculture .............................................................................................................
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