Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Danida)

Impact Evaluation of HIMA Region

Annex 4 Part B: Village Coverage

Prepared jointly by:

Orbicon A/S Ringstedvej 20 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark

Goss Gilroy Inc. Management Consultants Suite 900, 150 Metcalfe Street Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1P1, Canada October 2007 A substantial and intensive field mission was carried out in the entire during the period from 22 October to 15 December 2006. In the first weeks of this period, the approach and logistics were planned in detail. The intensive field mission per se was initiated from 12 November. The field mission involved a team of eight international consultants, nine Tanzanian consultants, eight enumerators (students from Tsunaimi University, Iringa), four translators and four drivers.

Summary of Planned Activities The planned approach included a mixed method of: Household survey (HH) in 12 villages (repetition of a baseline survey carried out in 1996); PRA (participatory rural appraisal) sessions in 13 HIMA villages (originally 12 but one more village was added during implementation) and six comparison villages; Focus group sessions on general and specific subjects; including on satellite images and interpretation of panoramic photos; Semi-structured interviews with key informants; Ad-hoc interviews in HIMA villages; Site observations

The following table provides a complete list of villages visited, cross-referenced with the data collection methods.

List of all villages visited

District HH PRA Villages Focus Groups Interviews/Site Observations in survey on specific villages villages topics Njombe X X Ng’anda Kipengere X X Igodivaha X X X X X X Utelewe X X Ulembwe X X Uhekule X Imalilo X X Ikondo X X** X Image X Isoliwaya X X** X Iwafi X X Ujindile X (test village) X Usalule X (test village) Igelehedza X (comparison Ninga village) X (comparison village) Kidegembye X X

2 District HH PRA Villages Focus Groups Interviews/Site Observations in survey on specific villages villages topics Kanamalenga X Igagale X Igelango X Matembwe X Njombe X X Lufumbo Utilili X X Lugombilo X Ludewa X Makete X X Maliwa Mang’oto X X Ilindiwe X (comparison Mlondwe village) X Matamba X Kilnajia X Mufindi

Vikula X X Ihanzutwa X X X Ifupira X (comparison X Mafinga village) X Nundwe X X Kilolo X X* X Itimbo Ikokoto X Ng’ingula X Ilula Mwaya X Lyasa X Lwasenga X (comparison Kilolo village) X Kimala X X Masisiwe X X Kisinga X Masege X Iringa X (comparison Igangidung’u village) Isimani X* X Tarafani X Iringa X Nduli X *Satellite Image interpretation ** Panoramic Photos interpretation

3 The following map shows the location of the villages visited.

4 34° 35° 36° 37° Iringa Region

7°

19 Isimani Ruaha National Park Pawaga

13 IRINGA RURAL 12 20 11 Idodi Kalenga Mazombe Mahenge 6 25 PRA - HIMA PRA - non HIMA villages IRINGA villages (comparison) Iringa 14 9 1: Ilindwe Urban T1: Ujindile (Test) 2: Igelehedza T2: Usalule (Test) District 3: Ninga 1: Lufumbo Kiponzelo 8° 4: Ifupira 2: Maliwa 5: Lwasenga Miolo 16 3: Mang’oto 6: Igangidung’u 4: Kidegembye 8 5 Kilolo 5: Kanamalenga Focus groups on 6: Mlondwe 18 specific topics 7: Vikula Sadani 8: Ihanzutwa 1: Kilnaji 15 2: Nundwe 9: Itimbo 13 10: Ng’ingula Ifwagi Kibengu 3: Igodivaha 11: Ikokoto 2 4: Wangama 12: Ilula Mwaya Malangali 5: Utelewe 7 17 13: Lyasa MUFINDI 6: Ludewa 10 7: Lugombilo 4 8: Ihanzutwa 9: Itimbo *) Kasanga 10: Iwafi 11: Isoliwaya *) 2 12: Ikondo *) 13: Mafinga Wangingombe5 14: Kisinga 15: Masege 16: Kilolo 9° 23 6 Magoma 17: Masisiwe Matamba 3 12 18: Kimala NJOMBE 19: Isimani Tarafani *) 9 11 20: Nduli 8 4 3 21 5 Njombe 4 21: Ujindile 1 3 T1 6 22: Utilili 2 26Urban District 10 MAKETE Imalinyi1 23: Matamba 7 24 24: Igagale Lupalilo T2 NJOMBE 25: Iringa 26: Njombe Bulongwa 1 2 Igaminyi District Boundary Ukwama Division Boundary 7 22 Main road 1 HIMA Divisions 1995 - 2002 Mwambao Mlangali Impact Evaluation Activities 2006: 10° LUDEWA Household Survey Lake villages Household Survey, 6 Nyasa 1: Ng'anda PRA - HIMA villages Mawengi 2: Kipengere 3: Igodivaha 4: Wangama PRA - non HIMA villages (comparison) 5: Utelewe Focus groups on Masasi 6: Ulembwe specific topics 7: Uhekule 8: Imalilo *) Panoramic Scene and 9: Image Satellite Image assessment 10: Iwafi 11: Isoliwaya 0 50 100 12: Ikondo kilometer

Note: After the HIMA period 1995 - 2002, the Iringa Rural District has been divided into Iringa District and Kilolo District (including Kilolo, Mazombe and Mahenge Division). 5 PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal Participatory Rural Appraisal’s (PRA’s) were carried out to provide information and data on most Evaluation issues. Two villages were selected as PRA test villages and based on the experience from these villages, the PRA methodology was further refined. The applied methodology was based on a mix of methods including semi structured interviews, resource mapping, transect walk, historical timeline, and focus group discussions. For a full description of applied PRA methodology, see Annex 6 of the main report.

The full PRA exercise was carried out in 13 HIMA villages and 6 comparison villages (see also Part A). Within all selected villages, a strong commitment to participate in the PRA sessions was observed. Typically, the session was attended by 25-50 persons (mix of old and young villagers, men and women, relatively rich and relatively poor villagers, committee members and non-committee members, etc). Each PRA session lasted for four to six hours.

In the course of the field mission, a few of the sampled PRA villages became inaccessible by road due to heavy rain. To accommodate for this inconvenience, replacement villages within the sample frame were included in lieu of the originally selected villages. In addition, revised start dates for HIMA activities in some villages were provided to the team during implementation, which lead to a further replacement of two-to three initial selected PRA villages.

The PRA results were reported individually for each village (10-15 pages each) in a systematic and structured fashion, enabling cross-cutting appraisal.

Selection of number of sample and comparison villages according to starting year, population size and District Number of Participating Villages by Start Year, Population Size and District Total % of total 1995 – 1997 Iringa Ludewa Makete Mufindi Njombe 62 29% 1,000 or less 5 10 3 18 8% 1,001 to 2,000 14 6 6 26 12% Over 2000 7 1 10 18 8% Total 26 0 17 0 19

% 12% 0% 8% 0% 9%

2 Number of sample villages selected (%) (17%) 1 (8%) 3 25% 1998 – 1999 Iringa Ludewa Makete Mufindi Njombe 104 49% 1,000 or less 0 17 1 1 19 9% 1,001 to 2,000 22 5 17 6 21 71 33% Over 2000 6 0 3 5 14 7% Total 28 5 34 10 27

13% 2% 16% 5% 13%

6 Number of Sample villages selected (%) 1 (8%) 1 (8%) 3 (25%) 1 (8%) 6 50% 2000 – 2001 Iringa Ludewa Makete Mufindi Njombe 48 23% 1,000 or less 0 1 1 2 1% 1,001 to 2,000 4 24 0 11 39 18% Over 2000 6 0 1 7 3% Total 10 24 1 13 0 5% 11% 0% 6% 0% Number of Sample villages selected (%) 1 (8%) 1 (8%) 1 (8%) 3 25% Total 64 27 52 23 46 212 100% 30% 13% 25% 11% 22% Total number of Sample villages selected (%) 4 (33%) 1 (8%) 3 (25%) 2 (17% 2 17% 12 Comparison villages selected 2 1 1 2 6

Comparison villages were selected proportionally within AEZ 3 (three villages) AEZ 14 (one village), AEZ 8 (one village) and AEZ 4 (one village). These were distributed with three villages in a HIMA division and three villages in a non-HIMA division. Population size and distance to main road was taken into consideration. Each district was represented with one comparison village, except for Njombe with two comparison villages. The table below provides the details of each village.

Selected HIMA and non-HIMA villages Selected HIMA District Division Zone Start Pop Proximity to village for PRA Date main road Lufumbu Ludewa Mlangali 4 1999 1716 Close Mang’oto Makete Lupalilo 3 1998 852 Close Maliwa Makete Ukwama 3 1998 1895 Far Mlondwe Makete Matamba 3 1997 1273 Medium Kanamalenga Njombe Wangingombe 14 1998 1626 Ihanzutwa Mufindi Sadani 14 2001 ? Far Vikula Mufindi Kibengu 14 1999 969 Close Ng’ingula Kilolo Kilolo 3 1998 2395 Far Ikokoto Kilolo Kilolo 3 1996 1985 Close Itimbo Kilolo Kilolo 3 1996 1935 Medium Lyasa Kilolo Mazombe 8 1998 2750 Medium Ilula Mwaya Iringa Mazombe 8 1996 8325 Close Kidegembe Njombe Lupembe 3 1997 2900 Close Selected comparison villages Ilindwe Makete HIMA division 3 491 Close Igelhedeza Njombe HIMA division 14 1204 Close Ninga Njombe Non-HIMA 3 3000 Close division Ifupira Mufindi Non-HIMA 3 950 Medium

7 division Lwasenga Kilolo HIMA division 14 2800 Far Igangidunga Iringa Non-HIMA 8 1800 Far division

8