China Fostering business and culturalInsight harmony between China and the U.S. VOL. 16 NO. 10 Nov–Dec 2017 Better than Thanksgiving turkey!

Arts & Culture, pg. 8

This is the award-winning Family Heritage recipe at this year’s Minnesota State Fair. It is an old Cantonese standby. Who won and what’s in it? (See Food, p.6)

Community, pp. 10–11 government & politics Xi Jinping lays out future direction of Party China Daily, Oct. 19, 2017

Applying a new vision of pursue development as the Party’s top from a phase of rapid growth to a stage of development and developing a priority in governance; we must unleash high-quality development. This is a pivotal modernized economy and develop productive forces, continue stage for transforming our growth model, To deliver on the “Two Centenary reforms to develop the socialist market improving our economic structure, and fos- Goals”, realize the Chinese Dream of na- economy, and promote sustained and tering new drivers of growth. It is imperative tional rejuvenation, and steadily improve sound economic growth. that we develop a modernized economy. our people’s lives, we must continue to China’s economy has been transitioning continued on page 14 People, pg. 11

In This Issue

Arts & Culture 8 Books 12 –13 Business & Economy 5–6 Community 9 – 10 Community Snapshot 12 Education 4 – 5 Food 1, 6 Government & Politics 1, 13 – 15 History 7 News 3–4 People 11 Pronouncements 2 Sports 13 Society 4 Travel 16 General Secretary Xi Jinping and former and incumbent leaders of the Communist Party of China participate in the opening session of the 19th CPC National Congress in Beijing on Wednesday.Lan Hongguang / Xinhua PAGE 2 / November – December 2017 pronouncements www.chinainsight.info Publisher’s Pronouncements

Greetings: an all-volunteer initiative, began in 2014, any Chinese New Year celebrations your ChinaInsight It’s not too late yet to prepare for our had lobbied Congress to award this highest organizations are planning. for inclusion in most challenging season of the year -- civilian honor. It memorializes the service our January 2018 edition. This should be Publisher: winter. As hearty Minnesotans, we try to and sacrifice of the more than 260,000 sent to [email protected]. Gregory J. Hugh convince ourselves that we actually enjoy Filipino and Filipino-American soldiers Also, please note that this edition of [email protected] the change of seasons and, before we know during World War II, so Chinese American China Insight is a combined issue for it, Thanksgiving will be upon us. Veterans should deserve no less recognition. November-December and there will not Manager of Operations/ In addition to Thanksgiving occurring As of late October, only 23 of 67 be a separate December issue. Thus, in in November in the U.S., we also celebrate cosponsors needed in the Senate and 55 addition to our best wishes for a great Circulation: Veterans Day, which falls on Nov.11. This of the 290 cosponsors in the House have Thanksgiving holiday, all of us at China Richard He is the day we honor our military veterans been secured. Your help is needed. Please Insight wish you a joyous, prosperous and [email protected] and let them know that their service to our contact your Congressional members healthy holiday season. country is deeply appreciated. In other by going to www.chinainsight.info for As always, thank you for your continued Staff Writers: parts of the world, it may be celebrated information on how to contact them. support of China Insight. Please feel free to Greg Hugh as Armistice or Remembrance Day. The A reprint of an article on China’s recently let us know if there are any topics you would [email protected] Chinese community should be more active concluded 19th CPC National Congress is like us to cover or if there are any other ways in celebrating this day now that there is an presented on page 1 and articles of a lighter we can better serve the community. Elaine Dunn effort in Congress to award a Congressional nature, such as Mary Yee’s recap of her State [email protected] Gold Medal to Chinese American Veterans Fair Family Heritage recipe entry on page Sincerely, of World War II. The Committee of 100 has 6, and a struggling guzheng performer like Contributors: thrown its support , see p.4. Jarrell Barton appears on page 9. William Chen Filipino veterans of World War II were While we’re not fans of promoting [email protected] recently awarded the Congressional Gold holidays too far in advance, we do take this Gregory J. Hugh Medal after a lengthy battle for national opportunity to inform you that Chinese Publisher - CEO Joy Gou recognition of their U.S. military service and New Year, The Year of the Dog, will begin [email protected] sacrifices nearly 75 years ago. The Filipino on Feb. 16, 2018, and encourage you to Veterans Recognition and Education Project, submit announcements to us by Dec.15 of Charles Lee [email protected]

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Clueless over contraception To coincide with the 2017World Contraception Day (September 26), the Huakun Women’s Life Survey Center released a survey report by The Chinese government just an- the All-China Women’s Federation nounced it will soon establish a timeline on contraception. In general, to make fossils out of fossil-fueled ve- women in China generally fail to hicles. Shanghai recently just opened take active contraceptive measures its first charging station powered by because of lack of knowledge. photovoltaic panels capable of charging A group of history buffs in China The results were based on cars in less than an hour. spent USD45,000 and six months on questionnaire from 2,378 women In October 2015, China announced recreating Beijing’s old Summer Palace aged 20-40 from provinces China Briefs plans for national network of charging in Lego®-like bricks. The miniature throughout China and including Tech-gastronomy combo stations to accommodate 5 million elec- Baroque-style complex took 660,000 Hong Kong. Fifty-three percent of While the tric vehicles by 2020. However, unless bricks to build and stands 48 SF. respondents held bachelor degrees or U.S. is working the size of charging heads are standard- The old Summer Palace was built in above. Survey respondents showed: on driverless ized at all charging points and sufficient the 18th and early 19th centuries and was cars, China has 80 percent have misconceptions charging stations are available in major the imperial residence of Emperor Qian- perfected robotic about contraception. cities, one can imagine the colossal cha- long and his successors (1644-1911) and cooks while 36 percent used withdrawal as the os on Chinese roads, especially during was destroyed by the French and British also working on sole means of contraception. national holidays!♦ in the second opium war.♦ driverless cars! Yep, Shanghai’s Xuhui 5.5 percent believed a female District has a mini noodle shop that dispenses cannot get pregnant if the male a bowl of beef or pork noodles in 45 seconds didn’t reach organsm suring sex. Smile to pay Gender bias flat from a kiosk! Customers can even order 3.7 percent believed pregnancy spicy or not spicy, with a variety of seasonings. will be prevented if the woman Sing Tao Daily reports that customers have showered immediately following been “extremely content” with the taste of intercourse. the noodles. 2 percent believed the woman will Nought for effort In Hong Kong’s competitive school not get pregnant if the couple stood system, one hardly gets rewarded for effort. during intercourse. An elementary student got a “0” for her 17 percent said they or their partners English homework plus a shaming in front have had an unwanted pregnancy in of the class. The concerned parent wrote a the past year. note to the teacher asking for the teacher’s 18 percent said they or their “understanding,” explaining her child is not partners had an abortion within Alibaba’s electronic payment plat- stupid despite getting the nasty grade, and will the past year. form Alipay has launched the world’s Taiwan has Tsai Ing-wen. Hong continue to work hard. The teacher gave the 6 percent only have used oral first payment system that uses facial rec- Kong has Carrie Lam. The Chinese mother and her note an “A-.” The new norm contraception pills while almost Communist Party Committee has … an ognition technology in identifying pay- For seven consecutive years, HK has 25 percent had no knowledge of ers using its system at a KFC restaurant. exclusive old boys’ club. maintained its “world’s least affordable pills at all. China is a front runner in developing China’s 19th Party Congress just housing market” position. 44 percent of Chinese university and applying facial recognition technol- concluded and of the 204 members of the As a result of skyrocketing property prices, students say in 2016 they have ogy for commercial use. The “Smile Communist Party Central Committee, there are at least 2,100 nana flats (less than 200 never had sex education. to Pay” application is developed by a only10 are women, same as the previous square feet) in development in Hong Kong new cases of HIV in 2015, 115,000 Beijing start-up by scanning the face number from 2012. However, the between now and 2020, i.e., roughly 510 units according to China’s National per year the next three years. The majority of the user. It takes just a few seconds number of female delegates to the Center for STD/AIDS Prevention of these are targeted at first-time buyers, and to identify customers accurately, which twice-in-a-decade congress did increase and Control. will be located in the New Territories (away also follow up with a second verification from five years ago -- from 23 to 24.1 from the city center) – the area between the through the customer’s mobile phone. percent! And, there are still no women Other interesting facts mainland and the north of Kowloon peninsula. Alipay can enable or disable the feature serving as provincial or municipal party Average price of these units? USD800, 000! • A 2013 study states there are at any time.♦ secretaries.♦ Unsuitable for women almost 13 million abortions in A Zhejiang University sociology China annually professor’s social media remarks from 2013 Autonomous driving claiming academia is not for women were • Sex education is almost non- came back to haunt him in 2017. Instead of existent in China backing down, he doubled down reiterating • A Fudan University study found that, “History has proven that academia is 68 percent of Chinese women not the domain of women.” He based his don’t know the difference remarks on interviewing candidates for the between oral contraception and master’s program, said women “don’t really focus on their studies” and are only interested the morning-after pill. in the degree. In March 2017, CNN Beijing Based on the number of self-made reported a series of sex education billionaires (p. 11), I’d say a sociology degree books aimed at children aged is highly optional! 6-13 that have been in use at 18 Rent a relative” elementary schools for almost 10 You’ve all heard of the rent-a-boy/ years have come under scrutiny. girlfriend syndrome Chinese millennials Published by Beijing University employ around Spring Festival to alleviate and tested over nine years, a the nosey questions from parents and older parent recently posted illustrations relatives when they return home for the from the books online saying the holidays. But rent a mother? A primary school student recently went illustrations were too graphic. on a dating site and offered to pay USD75 Reaction ranged from equating the to a woman for a two-hour appointment. He books to cartoon porn to a teacher Tesla and Google have stiff competition government wants “partially autonomous” needed a “mother” to avoid the teacher’s wrath saying the books were well-received in the driverless car arena. China hopes vehicles to make up half of all car sales by of no-show parents who were usually away on by her young teen students. to master the key technologies behind 2020, and “highly autonomous” vehicles to business for such occasions! autonomous vehicles by 2025. The account for 15 percent by 2025. ♦ PAGE 4 / November – December 2017 news www.chinainsight.info Committee of 100 urges passage of the Chinese American World War II Veterans Congressional Gold Medal Act

[NEW YORK, Oct. 6, 2017] — The on as co-sponsors, for their leadership in Army Air Force, and the U.S. Naval Reserve II units that have been overlooked, including Committee of 100 (C100), an organization recognizing the military contributions of Women’s Reserve. Altogether, Chinese Native American code talkers, the Monuments of leading Chinese Americans, urges the Chinese American servicemen and women Americans were crucial to the success of the Men, and Filipino WWII Vets. 115th United States Congress to pass the who volunteered or were drafted at a time war effort. After the 115th Session of Congress, the Chinese American World War II Veterans when the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was “As an organization committed to the full Congressional Gold Medal will no longer Congressional Gold Medal Act (H.R. still in effect. Despite ongoing anti-Chinese inclusion of Chinese Americans in American be awarded to groups. “There is urgency on 2358/S.1050), and award the Congressional sentiment at that time, more than 13,000 society, it is important for us to acknowledge the part of all stakeholders to encourage this Gold Medal, collectively, to the Chinese Chinese Americans served in the U.S. Armed and salute the role that previous generations Congress to act expeditiously,” Wu continues. American Veterans of World War II in Forces during World War II and sacrificed of Chinese Americans have played,” says “Many of the Chinese American veterans of recognition of their dedicated service during for their country in the face of discrimination Frank H. Wu, chairman of C100. Despite World War II have already passed away, and the war. and injustice. discrimination and rejection, the unwavering many of the surviving veterans are in their Introduced in the House and Senate During this time, Chinese Americans commitment, sacrifice, and patriotism shown 90s. We owe our veterans a great debt that on May 4, 2017, the Chinese American served in the U.S. Armed Forces in all by the WWII Chinese American veterans is difficult to repay. The least we can do is to WWII Veterans Congressional Gold Medal theaters of war, including at Iwo Jima, helped pave the way for today’s Chinese recognize and honor their achievements and Act has received bipartisan sponsorship Okinawa, Guadalcanal, and Solomon Islands Americans, including many of our members, sacrifices.” (Representatives Ed Royce (R-CA) and in the Pacific Theater, and on all fronts of the to be integrated into mainstream America after The Committee of 100 is an international, Ted Lieu (D-CA) were the original lead European and African Theaters. The 14th World War II.” non-partisan leadership organization of co-sponsors in the House (H.R.2358), and Air Service Group, an all-Chinese American The Committee of 100 also urges prominent Chinese Americans in business, Senators Tammy Duckworth (D-IL), and Thad unit assigned to the 14th Air Force (Flying all Chinese Americans to contact their government, academia, and the arts. For Cochran (R-MS) were the lead co-sponsors Tigers) under the command of General Claire Congressional representatives to co-sign and over 25 years, the Committee has been in the Senate (S.1050)), and is awaiting Chennault in the China-Burma-India Theater support the House (H.R. 2358) and Senate committed to a dual mission of promoting the additional Congressional sponsors. helped provide transportation, supplies and (S.1050) bills, both of which require two-thirds full participation of Chinese Americans in C100 commends Representatives Royce and communications support at a critical support of Congress in order to be considered. all fields of American life, and encouraging and Lieu, and Senators Duckworth and time during the war. Chinese American The Congressional Gold Medal, the highest constructive relations between the peoples Cochran, along with other Members of women also demonstrated skills, loyalty and civilian honor bestowed by Congress, has been of the United States and Greater China. Congress who have subsequently signed patriotism in the Women’s Army Corps, the awarded in recent years to other World War www.committee100.org.♦ society education Civic Leadership Forum held Terry Branstad, U.S. to Inspire Chinese Americans ambassador to China, urges to engage in civic participation more Americans to consider and public service study in China By Joy Gou, contributor U.S. Ambassador to China Terry Branstad also noted that he had a personal goal to October 7, 2017, the Twin City Civic University Alumni Association (PKUAA- welcomed nearly 100 guests into his new visit every Chinese province at least once Chinese American Forum held its sixteenth MN), co-hosted by the Chinese American Beijing home late October for a welcome during his tenure. reception with Project Pengyou, the flagship President of the U.S. China Strong public event, a talk and discussion about civic Association of Minnesota (CAAM), Minne- program of the Golden Bridges Foundation, Foundation, Travis Tanner, echoed leadership, cohosted by United Chinese Asso- sota Chinse Physicians Association, Asian and the U.S.-China Strong Foundation, to Ambassador Branstad, “I encourage all ciation, Beijing University Twin City Alumni American Center for Excellence, Minnesota and sponsored by the CLF Foundation. stress the importance of people-to-people students to not only take advantage of every Chinese Coalition, the Tsinghua University exchange for the future of U.S.-China opportunity you have while you study, live, The Forum was set to discuss how to Alumni Association, and Chinese for So- relations. and travel in China, but also to persuade your inspire Chinese and Asian Americans to par- cial Justice. This is the second of the four Now five months into his appointment classmates, friends and family members ticipate in civic endeavors and public service. UCA (United Chinese Americans) civic as U.S. Ambassador to China, Branstad is a back in the United States to follow in your Forum attendees strongly agreed that Chinese leadership forums, sponsored by the CLF longtime “friend of China,” having famously footsteps.” Tanner extended an invitation Americans should be more inclusive, biparti- Foundation for the fall season of 2017. The offered Midwestern hospitality to current to all students in attendance to join the US- san, compassionate and respectful with each Chinese President, Xi Jinping, in 1985 China Strong Student Ambassador Program. other in public and civic life; Community first UCA CLF was successfully held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on September 30, when Xi was visiting Iowa as a county party Branstad noted that the U.S.-China leaders should inspire Chinese Americans secretary of Hebei province. Branstad served relationship is consequential for not only our 2017, just one week before.♦ with different socio-economic backgrounds as governor of Iowa for 22 years and four two countries but also for the world. He said, to engage in all kinds of civic activities. These Editor’s Note: Unfortunately, this arti- months, during which he remained friends “If we can build win-win relationships, it approaches are ultimately the only ways lead- cle was received too late to be included in with Xi and visited China twice before his will not only benefit us but the entire world.” ing our community forward. this edition, however, China Insight is post- appointment as Ambassador to China. Branstad also thanked Project Pengyou The forum was organized by the Peking ing the full article at www.chinainsight.info. To the students and educators representing and the U.S.-China Strong Foundation for more than 35 different institutions gathered long-term efforts in building a community at the reception, Branstad emphasized to foster people-to-people diplomacy and the opportunity they each have to be friendly relations between the United States WWTT? “ambassadors” and thanked everyone who and China. “These two groups helped was present for their part in building this prepare and sponsor this event tonight, and QUESTION: What’s suspicious about this cab license? important bilateral relationship. He said, are making great strides to bring the U.S. (Answer on p.11) “How well your generation understands China and China together, starting with students.” will make a big difference in how successful In closing, Chang remarked, “We are all we will be working together in the years so incredibly privileged to have a leader with ahead.” such vision, humility, and grace to serve as Holly Chang, Founder of the Golden our highest ranking American diplomat in Bridges Foundation and Project Pengyou, Beijing. While your tenure has just begun, underscored the vital role of current and your legacy and impact on this relationship is past Americans studying in China: “Three already significant and historic, and we know years ago, I gave some remarks to many of it will continue to build in positive ways.” you in this room, and I quoted a statistic that About Project Pengyou: out of 1000 American students in college, Project Pengyou (“Pengyou” means only 1 decided to study in China. Today, friend in Mandarin) is a flagship initiative of only 1 in 1600 Americans in college will the Golden Bridges Foundation that fosters study in China.” U.S.-China youth leadership. Founded in Branstad urged the students: “Get to 2011 as a public-private partnership with know the Chinese people from all walks the State Department to build a global of life – I guarantee the experiences you community of Americans with firsthand have will be transformative.” Branstad continued on page 5 www.chinainsight.info education November – December 2017 / PAGE 5 U.S. ambassador to China continued from page 4

Branstad, middle, behind the two signs, with students and educators at his Beijing residence.

China experience, Project Pengyou has states, including New York, California, since trained more than 200 youth leaders Kentucky, and Iowa. In addition, Project and launched over 70 Project Pengyou Pengyou maintains a dynamic online campus chapters across the United resource hub with 7,000-plus members, States to empower young Americans and and hundreds of China-related jobs, events Chinese to serve as active U.S.-China and exchange programs. bridge-builders. During the U.S. State Department’s Backed by funding from the Ford International Education Week, Project Foundation, Project Pengyou chapters Pengyou will be celebrating National organize events and national U.S.- Pengyou Day on Nov. 16 to celebrate China youth campaigns, with a growing U.S.-China friendship and exchange. footprint in over 30 coastal and interior Learn more: www.projectpengyou.org♦ Committee of 100 urges constructive dialogue and cooperation around affirmative action in higher education

[NEW YORK, Oct. 24, 2017[ — Admissions Americans still often encounter glass ceilings policies in higher education are being debated or discriminatory treatment. again. From the ongoing 2014 lawsuit by At the same time, in the realm of higher Students for Fair Admission against Harvard education, efforts to increase diversity among University alleging discrimination against Asian other minorities do not have to come at the Americans by holding them to higher admissions expense of Asian American students. In fact, standards, to the Justice Department’s current in the current lawsuit against Harvard, any investigation of the same alleged race-based discrimination Asian students may face is discrimination in Harvard’s admission policies, unrelated to such overall diversity efforts. Asian Americans are finding themselves at the The issues around higher education access center of the affirmative action debate. These are complex but not new. All families, not just charges of bias are serious and should be Asian Americans, want the best educational investigated. Yet, in the ongoing discussion, opportunities for their children. Addressing the Committee of 100 urges all stakeholders to these complex issues will require a willingness engage in thoughtful and constructive dialogue, on the part of those involved to explore a and to refrain from rhetoric or actions that variety of creative solutions, from expanding would pit one racial group against another and seats at colleges and universities to improving be unnecessarily divisive or counterproductive. college access for disadvantaged students, Providing the best education for the next among other possibilities. generation is an essential part of the American Questions of access to higher education Dream. Many immigrants have made major have now become a political issue as much sacrifices so that their children can have the as a legal issue. As we await action from best educational opportunities. The Committee the Justice Department, Asian Americans of 100 recognizes the anxiety and concerns of would do well to proactively reach out to Asian American parents that potential racial other concerned Americans to seek long- discrimination may diminish educational term solutions and redress beyond the courts. opportunities for their children and deprive For the collective and long-term future of them of equal access to the American Dream. our children and the future of America, Asian Americans, native-born and immigrant we need to work together to ensure equal alike, wish to be treated as individuals, not opportunity and equal protection for all. A discriminated against unfairly on the basis of diverse and inclusive society only makes their race or ethnicity. America stronger. Achieving this will That Asian Americans are making their require the wisdom, ingenuity, resources, voices heard around this issue is commendable. trust, and goodwill of all involved, and a For too long, Asian Americans have been shared commitment to each other as fellow stereotyped as being unwilling to stand up and Americans. speak out. But now, they have risen to their The Committee of 100 is an international, feet and are advocating for their equal rights. non-partisan leadership organization of Yet in the bigger picture, it is important prominent Chinese Americans in business, to remember that Asian Americans have also government, academia, and the arts. For benefited from civil rights protections and over 25 years, the Committee has been programs that promote diversity, whether they committed to a dual mission of promoting the have been called “affirmative action.” Beyond full participation of Chinese Americans in education, Asian Americans will continue all fields of American life, and encouraging to require and rely on such protections and constructive relations between the peoples of programs, especially in the workplace and in the United States and Greater China. www. government contracts where qualified Asian committee100.org♦ PAGE 6 / November – December 2017 food www.chinainsight.info

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Shrimp with lobster sauce The award-winning Bak-Bak’s Shrimp with Lobster Sauce recipe (Serves 4-6) By Mary Yee, contributor Ingredients 1 lb medium or large shelled and deveined continued from page 1 shrimp 1 tablespoon neutral oil (vegetable or peanut or many local Chinese restaurants sport tanks of fresh lob- canola) sters and lobster with black bean/garlic sauce is on the ¼ lb ground pork menu while shrimp with lobster sauce has fallen off the 2 teaspoons regular soy sauce radar. But my family has enjoyed this dish for as long 1 teaspoon corn starch 1 tablespoon neutral oil as I can remember. 1 tablespoon fermented black beans, finely When I was young, the most splendid meals of the minced or crushed in a mortar year were not at Thanksgiving or Christmas but on the 1 garlic clove, finely minced occasions of my grandparents’ birthdays. In the Chinese ½ inch ginger root, finely minced worldview, reaching five years or 10 years was nothing. 1 teaspoon regular soy sauce We did not celebrate children’s birthdays. But to reach 1 tablespoon dry sherry or Chinese rice wine 60 or 65 or 70, now that was something! So, for my 1 teaspoon sugar grandparents’ birthdays, my father would import live ¾ cup chicken or vegetable lobsters from Maine and we’d have a succulent feast at 1 tablespoon cornstarch home. My grandfather chopped up the lobsters and my 2 tablespoons water grandmother presided over the extra large wok that we ½ cup fresh water chestnuts or fresh jicama, peeled and finely chopped I won a blue ribbon at the Minnesota State Fair this used on special occasions. The lobsters were sautéed 2 eggs, beaten year. And I owe it all to the lady whose kosher pickles were with crushed black beans and slivers of garlic and ginger. 2 green onions, both white and green parts, cut rejected by the judges in the fair’s pickle competition a few The aroma was heavenly. In between the rare occasions when we imported lobsters into small pieces years ago. In a newspaper article about this lady’s pickles, 1 teaspoon sesame oil the reporter mentioned that the state fair had a competition from Maine, we would eat shrimp with the sauce usually for “Family Heritage Recipes.” Hey, I thought to myself, I served with lobster. Because I had to write about the history of this recipe Directions have a family heritage recipe. Right then I resolved to enter 1. Prepare all sauce mixtures and chopped ingredients first as the cooking and because, alas, neither my father nor my grandparents are the competition. I looked up the rules and learned that I had goes fast. here for me to consult, I poked around in English language to write the story of my recipe, so here it is. 2. Combine pork, soy sauce and cornstarch; set aside. Mix minced black beans Chinese cookbooks. The interesting thing is that very few My father, Mon Yee, an immigrant from China to Min- with minced garlic and ginger. Mix soy sauce, sherry, sugar, and broth in a of them featured shrimp with lobster sauce. Tellingly, one of nesota, opened a Chinese restaurant in downtown St. Paul separate bowl. Dissolve cornstarch in the water in another bowl and set aside. the few that does is called “The Chinese Takeout Cookbook.” in 1963. For many years, it was the only Chinese restaurant 3. Add oil to large frying pan over high heat and add shrimp. After 1 minute, The author, Diana Kuan, called this dish a classic Canton- in downtown St. Paul. He called the restaurant “Mei Chu.” turn over each shrimp. Cook 1-2 more minutes (depending on size) and place ese-American favorite. She also mentioned that, especially The words mean “beautiful continent,” referring to North the shrimp in a dish. Using the same pan, turn the heat down to medium, America. Most of the dishes on Mei Chu’s menu were Can- on the East Coast, Chinese restaurants often serve a “white add the second tablespoon of oil and add the black bean mixture, stir-fry for tonese in origin as my father was born near Canton (today’s lobster sauce” that leaves out the fermented black beans 1 minute. Add pork mixture and cook until the pork has lost its pink color, Guangzhou). One of the items on Mei Chu’s menu was used in my family’s recipe. In another cookbook, I found a 3-5 minutes, stirring to break up the meat. Add sherry mixture and water shrimp with lobster sauce. recipe very similar to the one I use but it was merely called chestnuts or jicama; stir to mix well and cook for 2 minutes. Add corn starch There is some confusion over whether this is a genuine “special sauce.” mixture and stir well; sauce should thicken after 1 minute. Add the shrimp Chinese dish or a dish invented in America for the restaurant Well, I was luckier than the pickle lady. The state fair to the pan with any juices. Add eggs and mix gently. Cook 3 minutes; sauce business. Further adding to the confusion, there is actually no judges liked my dish with its special sauce and awarded it should have the consistency of a thick gravy at this point. Garnish with green lobster in this dish. The Chinese name is “ha lung woo,” which first place. I was surprised to learn that the blue ribbon was onions, drizzle with sesame oil, and serve with rice on the side. literally means “shrimp lobster sauce.” The figurative translation accompanied by a sizeable check as a commercial sponsor Jarred black bean and garlic sauce is an acceptable substitute; use 1 tablespoon. is “shrimp with a sauce usually served with lobster.” had generously offered cash prizes for this competition. With Fresh water chestnuts are available in oriental grocery stores; jicama is widely In the1960s, when I was growing up in Minnesota, fresh that check, I could even buy lobster and have lobster with available and a good substitute. lobsters were hard to come by here in the Midwest. Today, lobster sauce.♦ www.chinainsight.info history November – December 2017 / PAGE 7 The last years of the war with Japan By Pat Welsh, contributor

On Feb. 18, 1943, Soong Mei-ling (宋 simple with no apparent signs of corrup- 美齡), wife of Chiang Kai-shek (蔣介石), tion. Mao seemed to be very popular with addressed a joint session of Congress in his forces and the peasantry. There was Washington, D.C... She and her husband discipline, tax reform and real socioeco- had feared that American public opinion nomic changes that the Nationalists had was turning against continuing financial never managed. and military assistance. She and her hus- Service’s report compared the regimes band worried about rumors of corruption, of Chongqing with Yenan; however, Ser- internal terror tactics of Dai Li (戴笠) and vice was in reality comparing apples with a growing unwillingness of Chiang’s army oranges. The Service report underestimated to continue to fight. To some extent, she did the effects of Japanese air raids, famine and succeed in maintaining American support. communication difficulties experienced by Nonetheless, Chiang remained distrustful Chiang’s forces. On the other hand, Mao’s of America’s sincerity and he resented forces were largely spared these problems. Britain’s arrogant attitudes towards China. Service’s report also failed to acknowledge Chiang chaffed at Churchill’s comment that the partial role that Western action and in- the “Big Three” (US, Britain and the USSR) action played in forming the decayed and would shape the postwar order with no role flawed state of Chiang’s regime. Supporting for Chiang’s China. China had never been a first-class Western As 1943 wore on, Chiang saw the power priority. The report also ignored the fact in the Pacific shifting from Japan to the Unit- that while the Japanese were attacking ed States. Chiang welcomed this because, central China that year, America and Britain if there was to be a hegemonic power in the were using many of Chiang’s best troops Pacific, he preferred it be the U.S. rather than Chiang, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill under Stilwell’s command in another failed Japan, the USSR or Britain. attempt to oust the Japanese in Burma. In in Tokyo. Expecting no more help from rope and Asia. Chiang sensed that Stalin June, the British SEAC forces under Mount- Hitler after the Stalingrad defeat, Japan’s wanted to control Xinjiang. batten and Lt. General William Slim turned war economy felt the economic pressures Chiang left the Cairo Conference dis- the tide of Allied efforts in Burma. of iron ore, steel, coal and oil being in short appointed. Europe was to be the Western In September and October, Stilwell’s supply. On Nov. 30, Japan signed a treaty Allies’ first priority in 1944. Already, feud with both Mountbatten and Chiang with its puppet Chinese state (headquartered Chiang’s military tactics became purely ended with Stilwell’s final departure from in Nanjing) that was more equal in its terms. defensive. Both the Allies and Chiang China permanently. Stilwell’s activities in The next day, Wang Jingwei (汪精衛) and realized that if Chiang were to launch a Burma had drained the resources Chiang Zhou Fohai (周佛海) arrived to celebrate full offensive in China, Chiang would be needed to resist the Japanese Ichi-go the establishment of the “Greater East Asia utterly defeated and “Free China” would offensive in central China that threatened the Co-Prosperity Sphere” (大東亜共栄圏), rapidly fall to the Japanese. collapse of Chiang’s armies. Fortunately, a term now used by the Japanese for their In 1938, Chiang seriously slowed the the Japanese Ichi-go invasion also drained Asian empire. Japanese advance toward his headquarters in the Japanese military in China. After the In November 1943, Japan had welcomed Wuhan by blowing up the dykes that held the Japanese lost Saipan in the Pacific, the a group of leaders from India, Burma, the Yellow River at bay turning central China Americans bombed the Japanese mainland Philippines and its puppet state in China. into a vast sea of famine, mud and water. In islands, thereby weakening Operation Ichi- The idea was to use their anti-colonial and April 1944, six years later, Japan mustered go. By 1945, Japan’s wartime economy independence goals toward Japan’s need to enough resources to launch a surprise offen- stood close to collapse. Japan formally safeguard the Japanese islands and the con- sive, Operation Ichi-go (一号作戦, Number surrendered to the Allies, including China, quered southeastern Asian nations formerly One), into central China. Yu Yongchang, ( on Sept. 2, 1945. under Western rule. 徐永昌), the minister of military operation, The end of the war came almost un- expectedly for many Chinese. China’s Lord Louis Mountbatten In Nanjing, the Japanese puppet Wang had expected a Japanese assault in south- Jingwei had become ill and despondent. He ern China, not in central China. Being position in the world suddenly changed. In April 1943, a British conference fully realized what his true role in China unprepared and outnumbered, the lack of For the first time since the end of the established the Southeast Asia Command was – a Japanese puppet. Experiencing cooperation by overtaxed peasant farmers, Opium War in 1842, even though China (SEAC) under the leadership of Lord Louis declining health, he went to Japan for inferior weaponry, confusion and corruption was militarily weak, the country was fully Mountbatten that operated independently treatment in April 1944, but died on Nov. all resulted in the defeat of Chiang’s forces sovereign once again. She found herself from Stilwell in Burma. Mountbatten 10. Chen Gongbo (陳公博) was named as in Henan, Hunan and much of Guilin. in the role of one of the Big Four powers feuded with Stilwell whom he considered his successor. This defeat prompted the U.S. to take that would play a big role in the formation incompetent. Also in November 1943, a conference a serious look at the role of the commu- of the United Nations. Right after Pearl Harbor, Chiang’s was held in Cairo attended by Roosevelt, nists in northern China, who seemed to Still a big cloud hung over China. The brother-in-law, T. V. Soong (宋子文) was Churchill and Chiang. Two major items be faring far better than Chiang. On July country was now divided between the appointed foreign minister to the U.S. Be- of business were to be discussed: the 22, 1944, the American “Dixie Mission” Nationalists and Communists who talked fore the summer of 1943, Soong approached shape of post-war Asia, and the immedi- undertaken by nine Americans landed in compromise but still prepared for civil war. Harry Hopkins, Roosevelt’s close friend and ate strategy for China and the Southeast Yenan and met with Mao Zedong (毛澤 Chiang had needed the financial support of political fixer, and pressed Stilwell to be Asia Command (SEAC). In that meeting 東) and his top general, Zhu De (朱德). China’s industrialists and landlords but at relieved of his command in China and Bur- Chiang sought the return of Manchuria, The group led by John Service undertook the same time, he was alienating China’s ma. Soong pled that with SEAC, there was Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands to political analysis and Colonel David Bar- vast peasantry who ultimately had been no longer a need for Stilwell who had been China. He also sought an independent rett was in charge of military information. paying a heavy price throughout China’s fantasizing about taking command of all Korea and Vietnam along with the handing At that time little was known about the 20th century turmoil. Chinese troops, including the communists. over of all Japanese factories and shipping communists’ activities in China. My next offering will be about Chi- Hopkins, who already had reservations facilities in China as reparations. Service’s report to Washington showed na’s post-war situation and the factors about Stilwell, asked Soong to propose a The discussions were difficult because a favorable impression of the conditions at that led to China’s alienation from the change of military leadership. the Allies did not agree among themselves Yenan. The mood was positive, life was United States.♦ On Oct. 15, 1943, Chiang made an about how the war was to be prosecuted in official request for Stilwell’s recall, then Asia. To some extent Roosevelt played Chi- changed his mind because he feared an ang against Churchill. There was a private About Pat Welsh open split between China and America joke that the British SEAC really stood for In 2009 while teaching English at Sichuan University, Welsh was asked to give a would occur at a time when Japan still had “save the English Asian colonies.” Chiang’s speech where he was introduced to the audience as a “pioneer of Chinese American the ability to overrun China. Chiang also concerns about the British were shared by relations” as a result of his cooperative work in international banking during the Deng feared that the loss of Stilwell might make many Americans who thought that the U.S. Xiaoping era. For more than 65 years, Welsh has been learning Chinese and has used it easier for Britain to pressure Chiang into war effort was being used to shore up the this knowledge both professionally and personally to enhance his understanding of using troops for British priorities rather than British Empire. Yet Chiang also worried Chinese and Asian affairs. Now fully retired, he currently resides in Georgia where Chinese ones. about the American position that there he used to lecture on China to a number of classes at Dunwoody High School. In September 1943, there was a confer- should be a leeway for direct discussions ence at the Imperial General Headquarters with Stalin about the shape of postwar Eu- PAGE 8 / November – December 2017 arts & culture www.chinainsight.info Seven beautiful art museums in China People normally visit museums to view the contents within. But here are seven museums in China to visit for the structures themselves. 1. Tree Art Museum, Beijing As a landmark structure in the renowned art village of Song Zhuang (a small town on the outskirts of Beijing), Tree Art Museum lures visitors in with a courtyard with a pool that is supposed to provide a sense of peace. At the entrance, visitors’ eyes would follow a curvy slab from the floor that rises to the roof. Looking out of the French windows of the two-storey structure, the reflections of the blue sky on the pool help people filter their minds and enjoy a mo- [Photo/Official Sina Weibo account of Sifang Art Museum] Tree Art Museum. [Photo/Official Sina Weibo ment of peace and tranquility. The museum in suburban Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu account of Tree Art Museum] opened to the public in September 2012. 5. Sifang Art Museum, Nanjing The Sifang Art Museum has been hailed province. The museum also features a lake by many as one of the best private art mu- zone, which is open for public visits. The seums in China. It is nestled in mountains museum opened in 2013.

[Photo/M Woods Museum] M Woods is an independent, not-for-profit art museum founded in 2014 by collectors 2. M Woods Museum, Beijing Lin Han and Lei Wanying, and co-founded The M Woods Museum,founded in 2014 and by Huang Xufu. Built in a former munitions 6. Yu Qingcheng located in Beijing’s cultural hub 798 Art Zone, factory, it was renovated using translucent Gallery, Tianjin has gained popularity among young Chinese. materials. Yu Qingcheng is a The contemporary art museum attracted some M Woods holds a permanent collection sculpture artist from 2,000 visitors at the opening party with a theme based on the founders’ private collection of North China’s Tianjin, exhibition of U.S. art icon Andy Warhol in 2016. international art. famous for his clay fig- ures depicting lives of people in rural China. The Yu Qingcheng Gal- lery stands in mountains Yu Qingcheng Gallery with undulating exteriors. [Photo/Architectural of Jinxian county, span- Design and Research Institute of Tianjin University] ning an area of 1,800 “manifold” structure. From first to the last, square meters. different shapes of the buildings form a Designed by the Architectural Design continuous flowing and changing physical and Research Institute of Tianjin Univer- space. The interior is light-filled, thanks to sity, the gallery features a distinguishing full-height windows and skylights.

7. Gongwang Art Museum, Hangzhou The Gongwang Art Muse- 3. Muxin Art Museum, Zhejiang um is one of the most recent [Photo/Official Sina Weibo account of The Muxin Art Museum is located in East designs of famed Chinese Muxin Art Museum] China’s ancient water town of Wuzhen, Zhejiang architect Wang Shu, who Province. It was built in memory of late the rooms.” The pond-side modern structure is became the first (and only) Chinese artist, writer and poet Mu Xin, one of designed by a group of artists led by Hiroshi Oka- Chinese to win the Pritzker the most popular writers among young readers. moto – a student of renowned Chinese-American Architecture Prize in 2012. The interior is a series of “floating architect I. M. Pei. The museum sits along rivers in the Fuchun Mountains in East China’s Fuyang, approx- imately 20 miles southwest of Hangzhou city, where legend- ary painter Huang Gongwang (1269 -1354), of the Yuan Dynasty, lived and finished Han Meilin Art Museum (top), his masterpiece scroll paint- wayfinder signs (bottom). [Photo/ ing Dwelling in the Fuchun hanmeilin.com] Mountains. Lines of the museum’s 4. Han Meilin Art Museum, Yinchuan In 2010, Han donated more than 1,000 pieces roofs echo the ridges of When renowned Chinese artist Han Meilin of his works to the municipal government of Yin- mountains in the back, form- first visited Helan Mountain in northwest China’s chuan, prompting the Han Meilin Art Museum to ing a harmonious picture that Ningxia Hui autonomous region in the 1980s, he be built in the Helan Mountain Rock Art Heritage seems to recreate the beauty was struck by the rock paintings. He later paid Park. The museum’s design was inspired by the of the ancient scroll paint- more visits and has used many of the mysterious triangular shapes of its surrounding mountains. ing. The museum opened in patterns from there in his artworks. It was opened in December 2015. Gongwang Art Museum. [Photo/fywenyi.cn] September 2016. www.chinainsight.info community November – December 2017 / PAGE 9 Photographer Wing Young Huie hosts guzheng performance by local musician By Greg Hugh $ 1 BLACKJACK his life, Huie says his astonishment turned to awe. Barton’s virtuosity, INDIVIDUAL TERMINALS attested by many guzheng profes- sionals, was achieved in spite of NO COMMISSION OR ANTE life-long poverty and malnutrition. Barton is basically unknown here, The state’s newest game performing only sporadically. But with technology that in China, where he is active on social media and hopes to perform brings more fun some day, one guzheng master called him the “Jarrelle Phenom- and excitement! enon” proclaiming, “You are very spiritual, with the soul of zheng, you foreigner who lives in the soul Barton with guzheng by Wing Young Huie of the Chinese people.” Throughout the evening, Huie and An eclectic group of more than 50 peo- Barton provided commentaries and ple recently gathered at Wing Young Huie’s answered questions from the audience between The Third Place Gallery in Minneapolis - a his playing the guzheng. In response to a ques- fundraiser for musician Jarrelle Barton, per- tion from the audience, Barton said, “When I forming on the guzheng. first heard the guzheng, it was instant love! The Huie began the informal affair with a few sound instantly moved me and brought about announcements and invited the gathering emotions deep within my soul that stirred the to feel free to ask questions. According to spirit of music in my heart. Today after 10 years Huie, “Jarrelle Barton is perhaps the most of extreme and relentless practice, long hours compelling person I’ve ever photographed. of study and bloody, calloused fingers, I see the NO PRESSURE It was at a Chinese New Year celebration last reason I live and it’s to create and share music.” February at the Mall of America where I first “Growing up in Ohio, I experienced bitter EASY TO PLAY heard him play the guzheng, a Chinese zither poverty, family violence and violence outside with a more than 2,500-year history. After of the home. At about age 5 I witnessed the the performance, appreciative and curious murder of a local man in front of church one Chinese folks approached to ask him questions Sunday. The screams echoed outside the RunAces.com in English. When he replied and engaged them church for years. I never had a stable home in Mandarin, the looks on their faces turned from childhood and food was always low or story/2017/09/27/james-barton-on-play- sponses to his music, Barton has also heard to something approaching veneration or glee.” sometimes none. I remember going days with ing-the-guzheng) where he said he first people tell him that because he’s not Chi- Reason? Barton’s a young black man. only bread and honey. Milk was a rare treat. heard the sound of the guzheng at a public nese he should not be playing the guzheng. Several weeks later Barton agreed to be As the years passed hardship kept growing and library at 13. Soon after, he made his own Those comments led Barton to consider his photographed (by Huie) at home where he one thing I had to learn was endurance! I had guzheng using a wooden tea tray and some own identity. lives with his grandmother in Prior Lake, to endure the most extreme situations and all guitar strings, but eventually convinced his “I felt distant from myself. I felt as if I which appeared to be more of a monastery of that fell in on my young life. grandmother to buy him one. were ignoring my own heritage, my own histo- than a spare, row house apartment, infused “At 13, I found the greatest blessing and “About, maybe the first year, I was ry,” he said. But after a lot of contemplation he with incense and embellished with four altars. that was guzheng. The guzheng has saved me completely self-taught,” Barton said, ex- concluded that “music is music,” and that he A 5-foot ceramic Buddha from Bachman’s from falling into a dark void and its heavenly plaining that he had bought some tutorials didn’t believe in sectioning it off, and resolved and his 5-foot instrument dominated the tiny sound raised me higher! The long hours of daily online — but they were all in Mandarin. to ignore the negative comments. living room. Huie says it took a while for practice began to make my endurance known to Not to be deterred, Barton then started “It’s my love, it’s my life I’ve devoted so him to understand just how much of an inner me and after achieving the highest level in zheng learning the language on his own. much time to it,” he said. “This passion I have sanctum it is. music, learning from world-renowned Master “I made like name tags and I tagged for it, it goes beyond labels and borders and Huie relayed how Barton learned to play Li Jiaxiang (who lived in Minnesota and why I everything in the house,” he said. “I don’t it’s completely free. And I think that is where the guzheng - a remarkable story in itself - moved here); I began to see that I have survived. think it’s impossible to learn guzheng true music is, it’s free.” but as he haltingly shared bits and pieces of I no longer question my purpose.” without knowing how to speak Mandarin, At the conclusion of the performance, Barton only studied with Li for several but I think it would be extremely difficult.” Huie announced he has started a $20,000 fund- years, but he has attained a masterful level of The guzheng might seem new or raising campaign so that Barton can realize playing. A video of him playing eight years ago unique to an American audience, but the and share his gifts fully by recording a CD, recently went viral on Chinese social media and instrument is commonplace in China. purchasing a better guzheng, building a web- some have called him a master guzheng player, The thing that drew Barton to it as op- site, providing for his basic needs (he suffers although Barton says that he is too young to be posed to something like the guitar was from Marfan Syndrome, a genetic disorder of called a master. His goals are simply to improve, “expression.” the connective tissue, and needs better health teach others and perform, and ultimately make “The way that you can bend a note and care), and to achieve self-sufficiency as an his way to China. it can express a million different notes in independent musician. “My goal is to help many people find that just one string,” he said. “You can’t do To make a donation or to learn more peace and endurance they know is there by that on piano, you can’t do that on guitar.” about Barton, visit https://www.gofundme. using music and practice. Practice is the best While he’s received mostly positive re- com/JarrelleBarton. ♦ meditation anyone could have. It’s a meth- Jarrell Barton and Wing Young Huie od of active meditation and deep internal healing and by finishing a piece of music we learn that literally Wing Young Huie is an American photographer of Chinese ancestry born in Duluth, Minn., anything is possible in 1955. He earned a B.A. in journalism from the the University of Minnesota in 1979 and became a full-time professional photographer in 1989. He is known for innovative photogra- no matter how cold phy projects that engaged the community, such as the Frogtown neighborhood of Saint Paul and bitter the outside and Lake Street U.S.A.where he would speak to residents in the neighborhood, and.take their world may seem. pictures. The images would be displayed the photographs and quotes in the same neighborhood, Music is both here in sizes from small enough to fit in a storefront window to large enough to drape the side of and within.” the empty Sears building. Barton has never His work has been collected in “The University Project, Volume 1,” “The University Project, publicly shared his Volume 2,” “ Looking for Asian America: An Ethnocentric Tour,” “Lake Street U.S.A.,” and story until recently “Frogtown: Photographs and Conversations in an Urban Neighborhood.” on Minnesota Pub- Huie’s photographs have been exhibited in Budapest, Chicago, Minneapolis, New York, lic Radio (https:// Rotterdam, St. Paul, West Palm Beach and Westport. Learn more about Huie athttp://www. www.mprnews.org/ wingyounghuie.com/. Barton performing at Third Place Gallery PAGE 10 / November – December 2017 community www.chinainsight.info Global Minnesota kicked off Year of China

English Language Teachers Traditional guzheng in foreground. In October, it presented a program on doing business in China and a Town Hall on China, which featured former National Kaimay Terry, honorary chair, introduced the Security Advisor Susan Rice and local USC- folk orchestra from Shaanxi Province. BC Vice President Erin Ennis. In its annual On Sept. 17, Global Minnesota kicked off WorldQuest trivia competition on Dec. 1, their year-long focus on China with a perfor- each round will feature a question on China. mance by the Shaanxi Provincial Radio and Global Minnesota, formerly known as Television Folk Orchestra at the beautiful Weis- Minnesotan International Center, is a non- man Art Museum. The event also celebrated the profit, nonpartisan organization that delivers 35th anniversary of Minnesota’s sister-state rela- programs to connect, inform and engage Min- tionship with Shaanxi Province, complete with nesotans with the world and for Minnesota to a delegation of high-level Shaanxi officials and extend its influence around the globe. Visit a welcome by Jun Liu, Deputy Consul General, www.globalminnesota.org for details on its Consulate General of Chicago. programs and public events.♦

11th annual China Town Hall on China-U.S. Relations By Greg Hugh

Chinese Heritage Foundation holds 13th annual open house By Greg Hugh

at www.chineseheritagefoun- dation.org. Bergad indicated that “Dream” may soon be Local Connections, National Reflections headed to Europe and other The 11th annual “China Town Hall: ent “5 Things You Should Know About destinations. Local Connections, National Reflec- U.S.-China Trade.” Founded in 1973, Ken Lau, interim chair of tions” was held recently at the McNamara USCBC provides extensive China-fo- the CHFF board, then pre- Alumni Center at the University of cused information, advisory, and ad- sented a report on CHFF’s Minnesota. The event, a national day of vocacy services to more than 215 U.S. signature event, “A Passage to programming organized by the National corporations. China,” which had been held Committee on U.S.-China Relations, was Ennis listed the following five things since 2008 at Mall of America. designed to provide Americans in more you should know about U.S.-China trade: It was not held in 2017 since than 84 cities across the United States 1. China is the third largest trade partner CHFF agreed to be part of Mall and beyond the opportunity to discuss of the U.S., and has the second largest of America’s inaugural Chinese Sino-U.S. issues with leading experts. economy of the world. The Community Room at the Gramercy New Year celebration. Looking forward, The event was locally hosted by the 2. China’s exchange rate shows little Park coop was recently transformed with Lau stated that CHFF needs to decide the University of Minnesota China Center correlation that really affects trade red lanterns and other decorations when the future of “Passage,” and stated that Bergad and Global Minnesota. between China and the U.S. Chinese Heritage Foundation hosted its 13th had stepped down as CHFF board chair, but The live streaming webcast from 3. China is not a cheap location to do annual open house. CHFF has recruited four additional board Washington D.C. featured the Honorable business. Prior to the start of the program, the 60 members, Danling Cai, Ida Lano, Yen Chin Susan Rice, former National Security Ad- 4. China is not the largest creditor of the guests partook of a buffet lunch that was Woo and Mary Yee, who will join current visor and U.S. Ambassador to the United U.S. – U.S. citizens are. planned by board member Yin Simpson. board members Bergad, Lau, Simpson, Nations and was moderated by Stephen 5. China investment in the U.S. is small, Margaret Wong, a CHF board member, Ming Tchou and Wong. A. Orlins, president, National Committee but it is growing. welcomed the gathering and began the Lau stated that the expanded board will on U.S.-China Relations. Ambassador In response to questions from the program with a song. She then delivered be meeting to determine what direction Rice spoke on a variety of topics and audience, Ennis offered that China is in some general remarks and recapped some CHFF will take in the future regarding out- responded to tweeted questions from transition from communism to socialism grants and fellowship awards that had been reach programs and what role it can take as attendees. Although Rice was concerned and needs to be more involved with the distributed by the Foundation. to community involvement. He welcomes with how the current administration is handing of North Korea. As for doing Pearl Bergad, CHF executive director, any input from the community to ensure handling many previous agreements ne- business with China, how it regulates was then introduced by Wong to deliver a re- CHFF can properly serve the community.♦ gotiated by the Obama administration, foreign trade depends on the sector, port on “Dream of the Red Chamber” opera, she hopes that some of these initiatives whether it be manufacturing, technology, which was initiated and commissioned by may still be restored and a more col- services, food, etc. However, China is CHF. Bergad commented that “Dream” had Editor’s note: China Insight partnered laborative U.S.–China relationship will definitely encouraging small and medi- a very successful premier in San Francisco with CHFF from 2008-2014 to put on become more of a priority. um businesses to develop domestically. in September 2016, followed by successful “A Passage to China” and the publisher Following Rice’s webcast presen- It recognizes that it has more than 1.3 runs in Hong Kong and China. of China Insight, Greg Hugh, served as tation, the local Minnesota gathering billion consumers and will do whatever Additional details about the opera along board chair of CHFF for the same period. heard Erin Ennis, senior vice president it takes to encourage a competitive mar- with some actual performances are available at U.S.-China Business Council, pres- ketplace for its people.♦ www.chinainsight.info people November – December 2017 / PAGE 11 Wealthy self-made Chinese women By Elaine Dunn

Chairman Mao Zedong once said, “They own assets worth US$3.48 billion. business in Hong Kong. In the late 1980s, she from the manufacturing sector, 11 percent from (women) hold up half the sky.” (His comment Numero uno is touch-screen queen Zhou moved back to Beijing and founded Fu Wah internet and technology and 8 percent from referred to women as a resource to be employed Qunfei, founder of Lens Technology with wealth International in the early 1990s. The company pharmaceuticals. in society, outside of the home.) He had no idea of US$10.5 billion. Zhou started out as a factory also has diversified into agriculture, tourism, How is it that China is producing so how his observation is manifesting itself half a worker. But as the mobile phone market explod- electronics and more. many of the world’s most successful business century later. ed, she helped Motorola develop a glass screen Fourth place goes to Zhang Yin, chair of women? Rupert Hoogewerf, chairman and The UBS/PwC Billionaires Report 2017 for its phones. Now, Apple and Samsung are Nine Dragons Paper with personal wealth of chief researcher of Hurun Report, said, “The states, “On average, a new billionaire was cre- among two of her company’s biggest customers. US$6.7 billion. Zhang started her recycling and one-child policy coupled with traditional child- ated in Asia every two days.” According to the In second place is Wu Yajun, chairwoman paper-making company based on the concept of care, whereby grandparents often play a much South China Morning Post, China added 101 of Longfor Properties at US$7.9 billion. While making money off what the U.S. throws away. larger role in bringing up the children than in billionaires in 2016 and the reasons for such working as a journalist from 1988-1993, she built She bought paper scraps from the U.S. and turned developed countries, is perhaps a reason. An- rapid wealth accumulation is a combination of up her contacts within government and business. that into cardboard to ship exports from China other is the business boom this generation has geopolitical stability in Greater China, rising In 1995, she and her ex-husband founded the back to western countries! enjoyed in China.” “Age of Ambition” author real estate prices, infrastructure spending and a real estate company in Chongqing, but quickly Fifth is Peng Lei, head of Alibaba’s financial Evan Osnos thought , “The ethos of the last 30 growing middle class. expanded into major cities such as Beijing, services affiliate Ant Financial at US$6 billion. years is that to get rich is glorious, that instinct The just-released 2017 Hurun Report states Chengdu, Dalian and Shanghai and went public She first became a billionaire in 2014 and taught is gender neutral … One of the measurements that of the world’s 78 self-made entrepreneurs on Hong Kong’s Stock Exchange in 2009. Finance and Economics at Zhejiang University [women] have for themselves is the financial with wealth exceeding US$1 billion, 49 are Chi- Third wealthiest is Chen Lihua, aka “Beijing for five years before joining Jack Ma in founding success of their companies and themselves.” nese. That’s right; the mainland now dominates real estate queen,” founder of commercial real Alibaba in 1999. However, despite of the rapid growth in the world of self-made women entrepreneurs estate group Fu Wah International with wealth of The industry that produced the most (24 their wealth, the average wealth of China’s with assets exceeding US$1 billion. US$7.6 billion. Descendant of a noble Manchu percent) women billionaires was property 50 richest women is only one-third of the The top five on the list are all Chinese. On family, she faced poverty in early life and had development, followed by financial and in- average wealth of China’s 50 richest men, average, the top 50 richest women in China each to leave high school. She started a furniture vestment (20 percent). Thirteen percent came at US$10.9 billion.♦

Zhou Qunfei Wu Yajun Chen Lihua Zhang Yin Peng Lei

Dr. Sun Yat-sen By Charles Lee, contributor WWTT?

Zhongshan city, we were invited to have dinner This music show was continuously per- at a famous restaurant called Shiqilao Squab. formed from 2011 to 2017 in China and some The host is Qiu Shuhong, a renowned poet from foreign countries with huge success. 2011 was Zhongshan. When he heard that Dora’s mother the 100th anniversary of China’s Xinhai Revo- and Pearl’s parents were also from Zhongshan, lution (辛亥革命), the uprising that ended the he gave us the DVD “Symphony Chorus: Sun reign of the Qing Dynasty. Sun, the leader of Yat-sen.” This DVD is not for sale and only has the Tongmenghui (Revolutionary Alliance), 同盟 Chinese subtitles. Listening to the DVD I was 會), mobilized the various migrant and overseas so impressed by its beautiful melody and lyrics. Chinese communities outside of China in over- The purpose of my writing this article is to throwing the Dynasty to establish the Republic let readers know about this great musical work. of China on Jan. 1, 1912. In order to introduce this video to an American In 2011 it was premiered at Guangzhou, fol- In March 2017, my wife Dora and I joined audience, the music, as well as the brief history of lowed in Zhongshan and in Beijing. In 2012, in a wonderful 4-day Guangdong trip organized the founding father of China Dr. Sun, I translated Kuala Lumpur. In 2013 the show was presented by Pearl Bergad, Chinese Heritage Foundation, the entire Chinese subtitle into English and up- at the gala of the Second Cross-strait Zhongshan and Vincent Mar, Chinese American Associa- loaded the one-hour musical video to YouTube: Forum. In 2016, the 150th birthday anniversary tion of Minnesota. After visiting the museum https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_zZmI82o- or Dr. Sun, the show was performed at Zhuhai, of the former residence of Dr. Sun Yat-sen at Qg&feature=youtu.be Hongkong, Kuala Lumpur and Taipei. ♦

Brief profile of Sun In 1905, Sun went to Japan where he Christmas and on the 29th Dec., 17 provinces Yat-Sen found the Chinese student community was in held a congress in Nanjing and elected Sun the Sun was born on Nov. a fever patriotic pitch. Sun began to organize provisional President of the Republic of China. ANSWER: Have you ever seen a 12, 1866 in Choyhung the Tongmenghui and developed his “Three However, one of the warlords, Yuan Shikai, cab driver in a suit & tie? Do you village of Zhongshan, People’s Principles” – his writings on nation- incited others to oppose the republic. Sun re- see any resemblance between Guangdong Province. alism, democracy and people’s livelihood. In signed, and busied himself in the construction subjects in the top and bottom November, he launched the Min Bao (People’s of the republic, especially after Yuan instigated His father was a farmer photos? Top image, the one Report) where he summed up three principles. the assassination of the acting director of the and attended his village used in the cab licence, is that of school. In 1879, he joined On Oct. 10, 1911, several revolutionary Kuomintang in 1913. Between 1913 and 1017, a Japanese singer. The bottomt his elder brother in Hawaii there were many skirmishes between the war- where he studied Western lords and the KMT. In July 1917, after Yuan’s image is of the actual cab driver. science and Christianity for five years. He death, Sun was elected Generalissimo of the The cab driver was outed using a spent his teen years and early 20s studying Military Government of the Republic of China. fake licence with Japanese singer Hong Kong. In 1887, he began medical train- But the warlords of southwest China want Satoshi Ohno’s image at a police ing at the College of Medicine for Chinese in none of it. They did everything to squeeze check point! Hong Kong. Sun out. Sun resigned again in May 1918 The cab driver admitted to Upset by the Manchu government’s corrup- and returned to Shanghai and planned a new buying the fake cab licence on- tion, inefficiency and inability to defend China anti-warlord campaign. line for USD1,518 but did not pay In 1922, Sun reorganized the KMT and against foreign powers, he returned to Hawaii to attention to the image used. He organize the Revive China Society. His interest in presided over the First KMT National Congress Sun Yat-sen museum was detained for 10 days for using politics deepened. He grew a moustache, dressed in 1924 and in November that same year, he a forged licence and the fake cab in Western clothes, and posed as a Japanese and groups inspired by Sun’s Tongmenghui staged proposed the abrogation of unequal treaties. went to Hawaii again, the San Francisco, and an uprising and captured the city of Wuhan. Sun died in Beijing on March 12, 1925, with was scrapped. finally to England where he was introduced to Sun was in the U.S. when news of the victory his dream of obtaining freedom and equality for the writings of Karl Marx. reached him. He returned to Shanghai by China remained unfulfilled. What were they thinking? PAGE 12 / November – December 2017 books www.chinainsight.info Winning the Third World: Sino- Community American Rivalry During the Cold War Snapshot By Gregg Brazinsky

Reviewed by Kyle Hutzler, Asian Review of Books, Sept. 1, 2017

Author: Gregg Brazinsky would report back with dismay at Publisher: The University of North Carolina each new transfer of recognition, Press bilateral visit, or cultural exchange Publication date: April 2017 between China and the rest of the Softcover: 448 pages world. Dulles would even demand Gregg Brazinsky is associate professor of that his diplomats attempt to prevent history and international affairs at George a troupe of Chinese acrobats from Washington University since 2002. His visiting Liberia. Instead of setting work focuses on the social and cultural standards by which the world could impact of the U.S. on East Asia. “ hold China accountable, America’s short-sightedness magnified China’s incremental successes. As regards China itself, the chief lesson comes in how that country’s domestic politics undermine its in- herent advantages in attracting inter- Chang Wang, chief researcher at Thomson national support. Brazinsky’s book Reuters and a regular contributor to China follows Jeremy Friedman’s 2015 Insight, is a recipient of thefirst Minnesota Shadow Cold War, which explores When China announced plans to the Cold War cannot avoid the reality Lawyer Diversity & Inclusion Award. ♦ Chinese and Soviet competition for launch an Asian Infrastructure In- that it was also a quest for external influence as part of a sprawling Cold recognition and the domestic legit- quences for host countries, then and vestment Bank in 2015, the United War series published by University imacy it would bring. After all, it States chose a response reminiscent of North Carolina Press. In many now. Brazinsky writes, would not be until 1971 that the Bei- of its Cold War playbook. It cast ways, the competition between the Although neither the United States jing would replace Taipei as occupant doubt on China’s intentions and two Communist powers was more nor China can clearly be said to of China’s seat at the United Nations. leaned on other nations not to get bitter than either had with America. have won, the competition clearly A chief lesson of this history is involved. The result was no different China succeeded in many countries often had horrific consequences for that American denial and fear of from the Cold War era too — nations, by portraying the Soviet Union, as a postcolonial countries. China’s ascendance is not a strategy. including close allies of the United nation of white people, as incapable Despite what both countries could Long before the CCP controlled the States, signed on to the initiative — of truly understanding the Global have constructively offered to the mainland, Mao saw his revolution in awarding China a significant symbol- South “You are still white, but they world, Cold War competition, global terms. American diplomats ic victory before any tangible work are yellow, closer to us,” Friedman reinforced or exacerbated ten- had even been accomplished. were less sure. In 1930, the ambas- reports a delegation of Africans sions among groups that were strug- A new book places China at the sador at the time, Nelson Johnson, telling the Soviets. Ultimately, the gling for power, leading to political center of an underexplored aspect suggested the communist label was, Soviet Union had to co-opt China’s turmoil and, in some instances, vio- of the Cold War: the competition for intended—ludicrously enough— agenda to maintain its relevance. lent conflict. influence in the “third world” be- chiefly as a badge of respectability But this ideological victory did Today, the domestic politics and tween China and United States. Writ- in the hope of being classed as some- not secure China’s status in global regional rivalries of countries on ten by Gregg Brazinsky at George thing above the category of common opinion. After reinventing itself every continent are being upended by Washington University, Winning the brigands. from an exporter of revolution to a a resurgent Sino-American rivalry. Third World relies on previously By the 1944, American diplomats supposed defender of world peace, But in contrast to the Cold War, when unpublished archive materials from in China no longer doubted the CCP’s China’s rise in global opinion would America’s tendency to exaggerate both countries. Far from last cen- staying power and were meeting with be compromised by a combination external threats was balanced by its tury’s history, the book illuminates Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and others. of domestic chaos and hubris in self-confidence, the country today is the remarkable continuities in both Washington however disagreed, con- dealings with neighbors. For all constrained by self-doubt. The era countries’ foreign policies. tinuing to support the Nationalists. its pretensions to global leadership, of American inclusiveness towards Structurally, the book sets a hard Brazinsky portrays United States Mao was willing to subvert it to China in return for it assuming the challenge for itself, having to bal- policy towards China up until Nixon serve domestic political needs. In- responsibilities that come with power ance the two principal nations, the and Kissinger as unduly reactive. ternational tension “is good for us,” seems to be over. With more people domestic politics that affect and are This was borne out of its refusal to he remarked. “It keeps our country than ever living in democracies, affected by foreign developments, recognize the communists as Chi- united.” China’s disastrous domestic Chinese foreign policy is more vul- the third countries involved, and na’s legitimate rulers. Unable to Great Leap Forward and Cultural nerable than before to perceptions of the competing pressures for chrono- accept the subsequent Communist Revolution had just as much effect undue influence and criticism of its logical order and thematic sweep. victory, the United States sought on its standing, power, and attention domestic illiberalism. Surprisingly little time is spent ar- to deny China at every turn. At the to the rest of the world as any of its One wonders if and how China’s ticulating a clear definition of what 1954 Geneva conference meant to foreign policy initiatives. leaders imagined the country would influence is, how it is acquired, and bring peace to Korea, Secretary of China’s international engagement exercise its power once it became how it is used. The result is several State John Foster Dulles fought for has evolved the most from the Cold as strong as it is today. Brazinsky hundred pages of activity and few of China to be excluded. His failure War era. But this is less a question does not question the possibility context. While there were undoubt- helped mark China’s symbolic return of scope or intensity than it is one that China’s pursuit of international edly strong ideological motivations, among the great powers. In the years of sophistication. For instance, de- leadership was disingenuous. How- the CCP’s pursuit of influence during that followed, American embassies spite breathless coverage of current ard French, writing recently in Ev- Chinese engagement in Africa, Braz- erything Under the Heavens, sees in insky and Friedman show China was China’s present behavior a country deeply involved in the region and that never gave up its conception Call for Articles… often more successful than its more of a world made up of tributaries. powerful rivals. China gave consid- If Brazinsky’s history is any guide, ChinaInsight is a local newspaper fostering U.S.-China cultural erable sums of its food and treasure Chinese overconfidence will lead to and business harmony. — as much as 7% of GDP in foreign eventual renewed isolation. ♦ aid in the early 1970s — even as its We are interested in publishing articles that engage audiences in America. Potential topics range from understanding daily life in China (or for Chinese own people suffered. The Cold War years lack the richness of present in America) to discussions of business markets from both an American or About the reviewer Chinese viewpoint. global attitudes surveys. According Kyle Hutzler is an MBA candidate to Pew, citizens of African nations at Stanford, previously with the consul- If you would like to contribute an article, please contact Greg Hugh at have confidence in Xi Jinping that tancy McKinsey & Company. 612-723-4872 or e-mail [email protected]. is almost twice as high as any other region. But there are also conse- www.chinainsight.info government & politics November – December 2017 / PAGE 13 ‘One country, two systems’ best sports Timberwolves “Partnering with O-RANGE SPORTS is not institutional guarantee for HK, only continuing to grow our team’s presence in expand presence China, but it also activates on one of our core Macao prosperity, stability in China, partners focuses as an organization – to help grow the game of basketball,” said Timberwolves & Xinhua, Oct. 18, 2017 with O-RANGE Lynx CEO Ethan Casson. “We look forward to welcoming their group to our facility later this SPORTS season and hopefully we can help inspire their BEIJING - Xi Jinping said Wednesday “We will continue to support Hong young players to imagine themselves one day the policy of “one country, two systems” has Kong and Macao in integrating their own The Minneso- playing in the NBA.” ta Timberwolves The partnership will also include signage, proved to be the best institutional guarantee development into the overall development announced a part- hospitality, team gear and social media integration. for the long-term prosperity and stability of of the country,” he said, adding that priority nership with the O-RANGE SPORTS is a youth basketball or- Hong Kong and Macao after their return. will be given to the development of the China-based youth ganization based in Shanghai that provides high The policy is the best solution to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater basketball organi- quality training to coaches and young players zation O-RANGE questions of Hong Kong and Macao, Xi Bay Area; cooperation between Guangdong, throughout China with a focus on growing the SPORTS on Oct. country’s basketball presence worldwide. said while delivering a report at the opening Hong Kong, and Macao; and regional 30. The partnership is the latest example of session of the 19th national congress of the cooperation in the pan-Pearl River Delta. As part of the growing popularity of the Timberwolves in Communist Party of China. Policies will be improved to make the agreement, China. Last year, the team brought on the first The governments and chief executives it more convenient for the people from O-RANGE Chinese minority owner in professional sports SPORTS will bring a group of youth players in John Jiang. The team recently returned from of both regions will be supported to advance Hong Kong and Macao to pursue career and coaches from China to Minnesota this playing in the NBA Global Games in China democracy with well-ordered steps, maintain development on the mainland, he said. season for a Timberwolves experience that and has seen significant growth over the past law and order, and fulfill the constitutional Xi stressed that patriots should play “the includes attending a game and participating in year to their Weibo account, with a current responsibility of safeguarding China’s principal role” as the Hong Kong people Timberwolves & Lynx Basketball Academy following of almost 2 million, up from 700,000 camps. The organization’s goal is to learn better, just six months ago. The Timberwolves also sovereignty, security, and development govern Hong Kong and the Macao people safer and more efficient methods for teaching the welcomed Chinese-based TCL as a corporate interests, he said. govern Macao. ♦ game of basketball in China. partner last season. ♦ books Parallel Universes: Intimate Conversations With Chang Wang

Reviewed by Joe Pearman

China, where he me late in 2015, examined the then-current post-war years of Italy, and the Chinese Author: Chang Wang grew up, seem to rosters of Republican and Democratic man who’d witnessed the flowering of Ti- Publisher: Thomson Reuters exist in two “par- presidential candidates, wondering who ananmen and the repression that followed Publication date: allel universes,” the top Party men in Beijing hoped to win November 2017 it. They discussed art and literature, and Softcover: 420 pages where what is up the Presidency (we felt that they would later met for an interview, “10 Questions in America may pick Jeb Bush from the Republicans and for Dario Fo,” which is included in the Chang Wang is chief research Hillary Clinton from the Democrats. If be down in the volume also. and academic officer of People’s Repub- we were correct, the Chinese Communist Thomson Reuters and adjunct There are some pieces that highlight lic, and vice ver- Party could take solace in the fact that they professor at the University of the fundamental oddities of modern China, sa. Considering were far from the only people disappointed Minnesota, Metropolitan State and how it relates to the rest of the world. University, and China Universi- his background in the election’s outcome). A post-election ty of Political Science and Law. as a lawyer, much piece we wrote, “The Chinese in Trump- A piece on Chinese artist Cai Guoqiang, Wang currently resides in St. of the book dwells land,” sought to examine what laid ahead “Borrowing Your Enemy’s Arrows,” dis- Paul with his family. on the differences for Chinese-Americans and the country of cussed how Chinese artists are often caught between Ameri- China, as America’s 45th president took the between two worlds, not fully part of East or can common law, reins of state. West. It’s a problem Professor Wang, as an with its respect Moving from international relations to expatriate, relates to keenly. The article goes for precedent and film studies, “On Roberto Rossellini’s il on to discuss how Cai created an art installa- I have had the distinct pleasure of know- focus on individu- Messia” is a complex piece of film criticism, tion that showed a reproduction of a famous ing Professor Chang Wang, attorney, art al rights, and Chinese law, which is derived delving deep into the stylistic and creative Socialist Realist art piece, “Rent Collection connoisseur, educator, and a pillar of the from the “hidden rules” of Confucian/Le- choices made by mid-century Italian neore- Courtyard,” crumble to mud. The work in alist Rossellini in his famous film about the Chinese-American community, for three galist society and used as an enforcer of the question was created during the Cultural life of Christ. I confess I had never seen the years now, ever since I took a seminar of his will of the rulers. The legal mind will relish Revolution, and was the sculptural version movie, but Professor Wang’s writings con- on modern China through the University of “The Curious Case of Ai Weiwei” (co-writ- of a Red Opera: poor peasants paying the ten with Nathan Madson), an in-depth textualized it for me, explaining Rossellini’s Minnesota. As a Minnesotan, taking Profes- grasping feudal landlord in his courtyard. description of legal proceedings examining vision of a “human” Christ, made ordinary sor Wang’s seminar opened my eyes to the Cai’s spin on it was well received when he Byzantine, treacherous world that Mao and the persecution by law of famed artist and and yet extraordinary through a complete presented it in Venice; the Chinese govern- his heirs have created in the mainland, and critic of the Chinese state. In exacting detail, rejection of cinematic conventions. As ment and official art world was less pleased working with him on articles for China Insight the Communist Party’s contradictory laws a Catholic, and one who believes in the at the slaughter of one of their sacred cows. broadened this understanding immensely. As and regulations are picked apart, shown to pageantry of the Church as a very real way one of the editors of Professor Wang’s latest have been misapplied, and turned against of glorifying God, it seemed to me that this Touchingly, Professor Wang finishes the book, “Parallel Universes,” and after spending Ai’s accusers. The companion piece “Ai Messiah was one an atheist, which Rosselli- book talking about his love for Minnesota, many hours working on this text, I can say Weiwei v. China” recorded the moot court ni was, would love best. But my skepticism the adopted state where he came to study law with great confidence that I know it inside and competition Professor Wang organized for about the subject matter did not detract from as a young man who’d decided to transform out-and can assure any reader who picks it up his law students at the University of Minne- my appreciation of the writing. himself from an artist to an attorney and that they are in for a treat. sota and William Mitchell College of Law Not all of the essays are so serious. A counselor at law. It’s a fitting conclusion for delightful piece, “Accidental Encounter “Parallel Universes” is a collection of (now Mitchell Hamline School of Law), a book whose topics span East and West; in with the Maestro,” relayed what happened Professor Wang’s writings over the past where eight teams of student attorneys the end, it comes back home. when Professor Wang happened to share a five years or so. Many of the pieces fea- representing Ai and Beijing Tax Bureau I highly encourage you to read “Parallel train compartment with Dario Fo, Italian tured appeared in China Insight; I even argued the case in an imaginary Chinese Universes.” You will have the pleasure of Constitutional Court. Be warned that the playwright and the Nobel Literature Prize co-authored a few. Others were written doing what I have done many times: spend- for Thomson Reuters, his employer, and legal intricacies are not for the faint of laureate. Professor Wang was amazed to ing some time in the company of a man there are speeches and lectures, delivered heart nor short of attention span, the effect be meeting one of his literary heroes, by who combines the best parts of a Confucian to students in the United States and abroad. of applying Western-style due to the rules pure serendipity, and they found a surpris- scholar, an American lawyer, and a proud A few pieces were written about Professor of a Communist state is inspiring . . . even ing common ground: the Italian who lived Wang. Together they form a rich tapestry though the writ of the “court” was never through the corrupt, gaudy, and bloody Minnesotan. ♦ of insights and reflections. carried outside the Minnesota room where Where does the title of the book, “Par- it convened. About the reviewer allel Universes,” come from? It’s derived Other pieces examine politics foreign Joe Pearman is a student at the University of Minnesota and a regular contributor to from Professor Wang’s observation that and domestic, and how they fit together. China Insight. He lives in Lakeville, Minn., with his family. the United States, where he lives, and “Dancing With the Dragon,” written with PAGE 14 / November – December 2017 government & politics www.chinainsight.info Xi Jinping lays out future direction of Party continued from page 1 This is both an urgent require- Committees of the Chinese Peo- preserve and carry forward our public employment services to open ment for getting us smoothly ple’s Political Consultative Confer- cultural heritage. more channels for college graduates through this critical transition and ence should strengthen democratic We will improve modern systems and other young people, as well as a strategic goal for China’s devel- oversight ... and better represent for cultural industries and mar- migrant rural workers to find jobs opment. We must put quality first the different social sectors and kets, explore new mechanisms for and start their own businesses. We and give priority to performance. strengthen the competence of their cultural production and operation, must remove institutional barriers We should pursue supply-side members. improve economic policy on the that block the social mobility of la- structural reform as our main task, Advancing law-based gover- development of the cultural sector, bor and talent and ensure that every and work hard for better quality, nance in all fields is a profound rev- and develop new forms of business one of our people has the chance to higher efficiency, and more robust olution in China’s governance. A in this sector. pursue a career through hard work. drivers of economic growth through central leading group for advancing We will strengthen peo- We must ensure that by the year reform. We need to raise total fac- law-based governance in all areas ple-to-people and cultural ex- 2020, all rural residents living tor productivity and accelerate the will be set up to exercise unified changes with other countries, below the current poverty line are building of an industrial system that leadership over the initiative to giving prominence to Chinese cul- out of poverty, and that poverty is promotes coordinated development build the rule of law in China. We ture while also drawing on other eliminated in all poor counties and of the real economy with techno- will strengthen oversight to ensure cultures. We will improve our ca- regions. Poverty alleviation should logical innovation, modern finance, compliance with the Constitution, pacity for engaging in international reach those who truly need it and and human resources. We should advance constitutionality review communication so as to tell China’s deliver genuine outcomes. endeavor to develop an economy and safeguard the authority of the stories well, present a true, multidi- We will deepen reform of the with more effective market mecha- Constitution. mensional, and panoramic view of medicine and healthcare system, nisms, dynamic micro-entities, and The government needs to trans- China, and enhance our country’s establish distinctively Chinese sys- sound macro-regulation. form its functions, further stream- cultural soft power. tems for providing basic healthcare, In developing a modernized line administration and delegate Growing better at ensuring and medical insurance, and quality and economy, we must focus on the real powers, develop new ways of improving people’s well-being and efficient healthcare services, and economy, give priority to improving regulation and supervision ... and strengthening and developing new develop a sound modern hospital the quality of the supply system, build itself into a service-oriented approaches to social governance management system. and enhance our economy’s strength government. in terms of quality. We will encourage intellectuals We will work faster to build Chi- who are not Party members and na into a manufacturer of quality people belonging to new social and develop advanced manufac- groups to play the important roles turing, promote further integration they have in building socialism with of the internet, big data, and ar- Chinese characteristics. tificial intelligence with the real Building stronger cultural economy, and foster new growth confidence and helping socialist areas and drivers of growth in culture to flourish medium-high-end consumption, Culture is a country and nation’s innovation-driven development, the soul. Our country will thrive only if green and low-carbon economy, the our culture thrives, and our nation sharing economy, modern supply will be strong only if our culture chains, and human capital services. is strong. Without full confidence Visitors to Pu’er, Yunnan province, pose for photos with a local musician. The poverty rate in We will move Chinese industries in our culture, without a rich and Pu’er dropped sharply after the city developed tourism. LIN YIGUANG /XINHUA up to the medium-high end of the prosperous culture, the Chinese na- global value chain, and foster a tion will not be able to rejuvenate Visitors to Pu’er, Yunnan prov- We will improve mechanisms for number of world-class advanced itself. We must develop a socialist ince, pose for photos with a local preventing and defusing social ten- manufacturing clusters. culture with Chinese characteris- musician. The poverty rate in Pu’er sions and properly handle problems Improving the system of tics, inspire the cultural creativity dropped sharply after the city de- among the people. institutions through which the of our whole nation, and develop veloped tourism. LIN YIGUANG / We will accelerate development people run the country and a great socialist culture in China. XINHUA of the crime prevention and control developing socialist democracy. We will foster democracy in aca- We will promote the coordinated system, and combat and punish in China’s socialist democracy is demic research and artistic pursuit, development of compulsory educa- accordance with law all illegal and the broadest, most genuine and most and encourage originality and ex- tion in urban and rural areas, while criminal activities. effective democracy to safeguard perimentation with new approaches giving particular attention to rural Staying committed to the Chinese the fundamental interests of the in the creation of literature and areas. We will improve preschool path of building strong armed people. art. We encourage the cultivation education, special-needs education, forces and fully advancing the No two political systems are of fine tastes, style, and a sense of and online education, make senior modernization of national defense entirely the same, and a political responsibility, and reject vulgarity secondary education universally and the military system cannot be judged in abstrac- and kitsch in literary and artistic available, and strive to see that each We have reached a new histor- tion without regard for its social creation. We will strengthen the and every child has fair access to ic starting point in strengthening and political context, its history professional standards of artists good education. national defense and the armed and its cultural traditions. and writers to see the emergence We will improve the system of forces. Confronted with profound No one political system should of a large number of eminent fig- vocational education and training, changes in our national security be regarded as the only choice, and ures who have moral integrity and and promote integration between environment and responding to the we should not just mechanically outstanding artistic appeal, and industry and education and coop- demands of the day for a strong copy the political systems of other creators of inspiring works. eration between enterprises and country with a strong military, we countries. To meet the people’s new aspi- colleges. We will move faster to must fully implement the Party’s We will improve the way the rations for a better life, we must build Chinese universities into thinking on strengthening the mil- Party exercises leadership and gov- provide them with rich intellectual world-class universities and devel- itary for the new era, adapt military ernance to ensure that it leads the nourishment. We need to deepen op world-class disciplines as we strategy to new conditions, build people in effectively governing the structural reform of the cultural work to bring out the full potential a powerful and modernized Army, country. We will expand the peo- sector, improve the cultural man- of higher education. Navy, Air Force, Rocket Force and ple’s orderly political participation agement system, and accelerate We must give high priority to Strategic Support Force, develop to see that in accordance with law the establishment of systems and employment and pursue a proac- strong and efficient joint operations they engage in democratic elec- mechanisms that put social bene- tive employment policy, striving commanding institutions for theater tions, consultations, decision-mak- fits first while pursuing econom- to achieve fuller employment and commands and create a modern ing, management and oversight. ic returns. We will improve the create better quality jobs. We will combat system with distinctive We should give better play to the public cultural service system, launch vocational skills training Chinese characteristics. Our armed role of deputies to people’s congress- carry out public-interest cultural programs on a big scale, give par- forces must be up to shouldering the es, and enable people’s congresses at programs, and launch more pop- ticular attention to tackling struc- missions and tasks of the new era all levels and their standing commit- ular cultural activities. We will tural unemployment, and create entrusted to them by the Party and tees to fully perform their functions strengthen protection and utiliza- more jobs by encouraging business the people. as stipulated in the Constitution. tion of cultural relics, and better startups. We will provide extensive continued on next page www.chinainsight.info government & politics November – December 2017 / PAGE 15 Applying a new vision of development continued from page 14 We will adapt to the trend of a new global for ecological security, and develop the efforts of other developing Exercising strict governance over military revolution and to national secu- ecological corridors and biodiver- countries to increase their repre- the Party and improving the Party’s rity needs; we will upgrade our military sity protection networks, so as to sentation and strengthen their voice ability to govern and lead capabilities and see that, by the year 2020, strengthen the quality and stability in international affairs. China will The whole Party must be soberly mechanization is basically achieved, IT of our ecosystems. continue to play its part as a ma- aware that the governance environ- application has come a long way and We will strengthen overall plan- jor and responsible country, take ment our Party faces is complex, strategic capabilities have seen a big ning, organization, and leadership an active part in reforming and and that so too are the factors improvement. In step with our country’s for building an ecological civiliza- developing the global governance undermining the Party’s advanced modernization process, we will modernize tion. We will establish regulatory system, and keep contributing Chi- nature and purity. Prominent our military across the board in terms of agencies to manage State-owned nese wisdom and strength to global problems of impurity in thinking, theory, organizational structure, service natural resource assets and monitor governance. organization and conduct in the personnel and weaponry. We will make it natural ecosystems, and improve Upholding ‘one country, two Party have not been solved root our mission to see that by 2035, the mod- environmental management system. systems’ and moving toward and branch. ernization of our national defense and our Following a path of peaceful national reunification The primary task of political forces is basically completed; and that by development and working to build Since Hong Kong and Macao’s Party building is to ensure that the mid-21st century our people’s armed a community with a shared future return to the motherland, the prac- the whole Party obeys the CPC forces are fully transformed into world- for mankind tice of “one country, two systems” Central Committee and upholds its class forces. China will continue to hold high in both regions has been a resound- authority and centralized, unified We will continue to deepen na- the banner of peace, development, ing success. leadership. tional defense and military reform. cooperation, and mutual benefit To maintain long-term prosper- Our top priority in building the We will further the reform of major and uphold its fundamental foreign ity and stability in Hong Kong and Party through theory is to stay true policy systems, including the career policy goal of preserving world Macao, it is imperative to fully and to our ideals and convictions. officers system and the system for peace and promoting common de- faithfully implement the policies of We will work harder to identify posting civilian personnel in the velopment. “one country, two systems,” “the promising young officials ... and military. We will push ahead with We call on the people of all people of Hong Kong governing focus on their practical training in transformation of military man- countries to work together to build Hong Kong,” “the people of Macao local communities, in work on the agement, and improve and develop a community with a shared future governing Macao,” and a high de- front line and in areas where con- our distinctively Chinese socialist for mankind, to build an open, in- gree of autonomy for both regions. ditions are harsh. We will ensure military institutions. We must keep clusive, clean, and beautiful world It is imperative, too, to act in strict coordinated training and selection it firm in our minds that technology that enjoys lasting peace, universal compliance with China’s Constitu- of female officials, officials from is the core combat capability, en- security, and common prosperity. tion and the basic laws of the two ethnic minorities and non-Party of- courage innovations in major tech- We should stick together through special administrative regions, and ficials. We will pursue a more pro- nologies, and conduct innovations thick and thin, promote trade and to improve the systems and mecha- active, open and effective policy on independently. We will strengthen investment liberalization and facil- nisms for enforcing the basic laws. training competent professionals. the system for training military itation, and make economic global- The development of Hong Kong This will better enable us to attract personnel, and make our people’s ization more open, inclusive, and and Macao is closely tied up with bright people from both within and forces more innovative. We will balanced so that its benefits are that of the mainland. We will con- outside the Party and both in China govern the military with strict shared by all. tinue to support Hong Kong and and abroad. discipline in every respect, push We should respect the diversity Macao in integrating their own We must work harder to address for a fundamental transformation of civilizations. We should be good development into the overall devel- the problems that some prima- in the way our military is run, and friends to the environment, and opment of the country. ry-level Party organizations are strengthen the role of the rule of cooperate to tackle climate change. Resolving the Taiwan question weak, ineffective and marginalized. law in enhancing national defense China remains firm in pursuing to realize China’s complete reuni- Corruption is the greatest and military capabilities. an independent foreign policy of fication is the shared aspiration of threat our Party faces. We must Speeding up reform of the system for peace. We respect the right of the all Chinese people, and is in the have the resolve and tenacity to developing an ecological civilization people of all countries to choose fundamental interests of the Chi- persevere in the never-ending and building a beautiful China their own development path. We nese nation. fight against corruption. We We should, acting on the endeavor to uphold international The one-China principle is the will continue to see that there principles of prioritizing resource fairness and justice, and oppose political foundation of cross-Straits are no no-go zones, no ground conservation and environmental acts that impose one’s will on others relations. The 1992 Consensus em- left unturned, and no tolerance protection and letting nature or interfere in the internal affairs bodies the one-China principle and shown for corruption. We will restore itself, develop spatial of others, as well as the practice of defines the fundamental nature of institute a system of disciplinary layouts, industrial structures, and the strong bullying the weak. cross-Straits relations; it thus holds inspection for city and county ways of work and life that help China will never pursue devel- the key to the peaceful development level Party committees to address conserve resources and protect the opment at the expense of others’ of relations between the two sides corruption that occurs on the environment. interests, but neither will China of the Taiwan Straits. Recognize people’s doorsteps. Wherever We will step up efforts to ever give up its legitimate rights the historical fact of the 1992 Con- offenders may flee, they will establish a legal and policy and interests. No one should ex- sensus and that the two sides both be brought back and brought to framework that promotes green pect China to swallow anything belong to one China, and then our justice. We will work for the production and consumption, and that undermines its interests. China two sides can conduct dialogue to adoption of national anti-cor- promote a sound economic structure pursues a national defense policy address through discussion the con- ruption legislation and create that facilitates green, low-carbon, that is in nature defensive. China’s cerns of the people of both sides, a corruption reporting platform and circular development. development does not pose a threat and no political party or group in that covers both disciplinary We will continue our campaign to any other country. No matter Taiwan will have any difficulty inspection commissions and su- to prevent and control air pollution what stage of development it reach- conducting exchanges with the pervision agencies. to make our skies blue again. We es, China will never seek hegemony mainland. We will deepen reform of the will speed up prevention and con- or engage in expansion. We stand firm in safeguarding national supervision system, con- trol of water pollution, and take China adheres to the fundamen- China’s sovereignty and territori- duct trials throughout the country, comprehensive measures to improve tal national policy of opening-up al integrity and will never allow and establish supervisory commis- river basins and offshore areas. and pursues development with its the historical tragedy of national sions at the national, provincial, We will strengthen the control of doors open wide. China will ac- division to repeat itself. Any city and county levels, which soil pollution and the restoration tively promote international coop- separatist activity is certain to share offices and work together of polluted soil, intensify the pre- eration through the Belt and Road meet with the resolute opposition with the Party’s disciplinary in- vention and control of agricultural Initiative. of the Chinese people. We have spection commissions. A national pollution from non-point sources, China will increase assistance the resolve, the confidence, and supervision law will be formulat- and take measures to improve rural to other developing countries, es- the ability to defeat separatist at- ed. The practice of shuanggui - a living environments. We will im- pecially the least-developed coun- tempts for “Taiwan independence” form of intraparty disciplinary prove the treatment of solid waste tries, and do its part to reduce the in any form. We will never allow action that requires a Party mem- and garbage. North-South development gap. anyone, any organization, or any ber under probe to cooperate with We will carry out major projects China supports the United Na- political party, at any time or in questioning at a designated place to protect and restore key ecosys- tions in playing an active role in any form, to separate any part of and a designated time - will be tems, improve the system of shields international affairs, and supports Chinese territory from China. replaced by detention.♦ PAGE 16 / November – December 2017 travel www.chinainsight.info Flying Tigers museum tour By Bill Chen, contributor

During the last part of September, my the anniversary of Zhijiang being an American Army and Army Air Corps wife Sandra and I completed a two-week autonomous region. It was an impressive service members who died in the area tour of five Flying Tiger and Anti-Japan extravaganza performance with a mix of during the war. memorials and museums in China. The contemporary music and singing and Guilin Flying Tiger Heritage Park tour was under the auspices of the American dancing by a cast mostly comprising Museum, 9/29/2017 Flying Tiger Institute -- organized by Pedro local minority group performers. The Flying Tiger Heritage Park Chan, a major donor of World War II and Kunming provides a unique setting for its Museum Flying Tiger memorabilia and artifacts to Flying with ample space on its grounds for its these museums. Tigers C-47 display and the vast multilevel One’s first thought is - why would China Museum, internal space for its exhibits. Physically have so many Flying Tiger Museums? An 9/25/2017 situated on the actual airfield used by obvious answer is that China, indeed, is The Kun- the Flying Tigers, the Museum and an expansive country. Also, Gen. Claire ming Flying Command Post commemorate Chennault Lee Chennault and the Flying Tigers had Tigers Muse- and the Flying Tigers by providing a airfields and fighter aircraft deployments um has two realistic setting. across China in multiple locations. The locations:1) remembrance of the Flying Tigers in China on the sec- Sandra and Bill Chen and what they accomplished have had a Model airplane suspended ond floor of lasting impact. from restaurant’s ceiling. the Kunming The people of China have passed on Museum; and to successive generations the legacy of 2) a separate two story building. Both Chennault and the Flying Tigers, and how had excellent displays and were laid they gained control of the skies of China out very nicely. The museum personnel and helped to save China. In particular, had were extremely knowledgeable about the the Japanese Army not been stopped at the exhibit material and the events of the The C-47was purchased and restored Salween Gorge in May 1942 by the Flying time period involving the Flying Tigers. based on funds donated by the Florence Tigers, Kunming and Chongqing would Ideally, if museum space were available, Fang Family Foundation and given to it would nice to combine and consolidate have been lost. the Museum. It completed a ceremonial the exhibit material of both locations. Stone Forest In our tour, we went to Flying Tiger flight over the Hump (the most dangerous A welcome respite was a visit to The and Anti-Japan memorials and museums in route then, from the eastern Himalayas the Stone Forest, a set of limestone Flying Tigers Restaurant in Kunming, Nanjing, Zhijiang, Kunming, Tengchong, formations about 90 km from Kunming where walls were filled with photos to Kunming) prior to its delivery. and Guilin. -- a nice way to spend half a day. and memorabilia. Readily capturing Notwithstanding the tour’s tight the interest of all was a model of a P-40 itinerary, it was gratifying for me to be aircraft hung from the ceiling. able to tour the Flying Tiger Museums because of my father’s association with Chennault and the Flying Tigers. During the Sino-Japanese War, my father, H. Moon Chen, worked for the Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company (CAMCO) under William Pawley, the Curtiss Wright Corporation representative As a relatively new museum, in China. CAMCO supported and was the Command Post needs to be the employer of record for Chennault’s Nanjing Anti-Japanese Aviation further developed and care should American Volunteer Group, the original Matryrs’ Memorial, 9/19/2017 be exercised to better describe and Flying Tigers. Later, my father was a pilot The memorial consists of black marble document the artifacts. in the Army Air Corps assigned to the 14th walls inscribed with the names – written Air Force (Flying Tigers). in Chinese, English and Russian of the Upon returning from the tour, I known airmen buried at the site. Indoor got an unexpected and a very pleasant exhibits told the story of volunteer pilots surprise from a person whom I met Tengchong Anti-Japan War at Trenching. He had done some of Russia, the United States, and other Memorial, 9/27/2017 countries who joined in fighting against searching and sent some photos Tengchong, along the China–Burma of CAMCO’s Loiwing (along the the Japanese invaders. Included was a border, was the scene of fierce battles special Hump Airlift exhibit. China–Burma border) factory in 1939. during the Anti-Japan war, and as such, Included was a photo of William carried strategic significance. Pawley and my father along with Two statues on the grounds of the other CAMCO employees and Chinese memorial -- of Generals Joseph Stilwell Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing aviation officials – a nice way to see a and Chennault side-by-side, constitute slice of history. an act of courage and integrity on the part of the Anti-Japan War Memorial.

Zhijiang Flying Tigers Memorial Museum, 9/22/2017 The Zhijiang Flying Tigers Memorial Museum provides a glimpse of the operational setting during the war. The CACO personnel, in a photo was taken at the Loiwing factory’s opening in 1939. William Pawley is Museum is located at the airfield used We can only speculate why the second from left, at rear; CAMCO employee Moon Chen, to the right of Pawley at rear. during the war. The airfield tower Memorial chose to memorialize the remains as it was, along with the Chinese two generals side-by-side. My view It was a rare opportunity to tour American Composite Wing Clubhouse. is that the people of Tengchong Our overall itinerary allowed for no more than two nights at any one city these museums, all in one trip – an The Museum’s exhibit on the Flying experienced the fierce fighting first- opportunity of a lifetime. It is heart- and virtually no time for side trips. For Tigers was excellent. hand and had viewed all aspects warming to know that the people of several of the legs we went via high- Because Zhijiang was also the site of ground and air operations -- the China know of and continue to pass-on speed train – an enjoyable experience for the Japanese surrender in China, the fighting of the Chinese Expeditionary to the follow-on generations the legacy traveling just shy of 300 km/hr. The exhibits commemorating the surrender Force, opening of the Burma Road, of Chennault and the Flying Tigers.♦ help make the Museum a memorable, aerial operations of the Flying Tigers, high-speed trains were on schedule worthwhile site to see. and the Hump Airlift – and wanted to and did not require us to be at the train In addition to participation in the acknowledge the contributions of the station well in advance of the departure Bill Chen, a retired major general, museum Re-Opening Ceremony, we two generals, in spite of the differences time compared to air travel. U.S. Army, is a former resident of were invited to attend a special musical and controversy between them. We did have a chance to see the Dr. Edina, Minn, and now resides in program commemorating the Anti- The Tengchong Anti-Japan War Sun Yat-Sen Mausoleum and the Ming Belmont, Mass Japanese War victory and celebrating Memorial also memorialized 19 Tomb in Nanjing. Also memorable was