1636 158 America’s first slave carrier, Desire, is built and Bust of a Man is produced by Francis Harwood launched in Massachusetts. in Florence, Italy.
1641 162 Massachusetts becomes the first of many The Social Contract is published by Jean-Jacques colonies to legalize slavery. Rousseau, the French philosopher, natural rights theorist, and literary figure. 1652 The dutch establish a colony at the Cape of 15 Good Hope, South Africa. The American Revolution begins.
s1655tudeN t HaNdout 16 BackgroundEngland seizes about Jamaica the Battle from Spain.of Gettysburg for The ManyThe Different declaration Sides of War of Independence declares that “all men are created equal.” 1660 Virginia legalizes slavery. 183 The American Revolution ends; the British About 1680–1820 recognize the united States as an independent AThe Harvest Enlightenment, of Death by a Timothyrational approachO’Sullivan to and Alexandercountry. Gardner was taken duringeconomic, the Americanreligious, Civilsocial, War and in political southern issues, Pennsylvania after the Battle of Gettysburg.promotes a Confederatenonreligious Generalworldview. Robert E. Lee had invaded18 the North on the “Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery“ heels of a victory at Chancellorsville, Virginia. The Battle of Gettysburg began 105 by Quobna ottobah Cugoano is published. onThe July Virginia 1, 1863. General By July Assembly 3, union declares:troops had “All repelled Lee’s assault, and the ConfederatesNegro, mulatto were and forced Indian to slaves...shall retreat. be held 189 to be real estate. If any slave resist his master... The French Revolution begins with the storming correcting such slave, and shall happen to be of the Bastille. Church property is nationalized. The Battle of Gettysburg is considered a turning point in the Civil War and was killed in such correction...the master shall be The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah onefree of of its all bloodiest. punishment.” Over twenty-eight thousand Confederates and over twenty- Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African is pub- three thousand union soldiers were killed or wounded. lished in England and distributed in America. 120–30 Equiano becomes a central figure in the aboli- ForAlmost more information two hundred about thousandthe Battle of enslaved Gettysburg, Africans visit the Library of Congress American Memory Web site (http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul01.html). tionist movement in England. are transported across the Atlantic ocean in British ships. 190s British Caribbean colonies are populated by 140 almost half a million enslaved people. South Carolina passes the Negro Act, prohibiting slaves from assembling in groups, wearing clothes 191 made from certain high-quality fabrics, and learn- A slave uprising in Haiti (Saint-domingue) is led ing to read or write. owners are permitted to by Toussaint L’ouverture. execute slaves who attempt to run away.
BREAkING THE CHAINS, RISING ouT oF CIRCuMSTANCES
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