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CIVIL TRAILS How to Use this Map-Guide This guide depicts four scenic and historic driving tours that follow the routes taken by Union and Confederate armies during the June-July 1863 Campaign. Information contained here and along the Trail tells stories that have been hidden within the landscape for more than 140 years. Follow the bugle trailblazer signs to waysides that chronicle the day-to-day stories of soldiers who marched toward the ’s most epic and civilians who, for a second time in nine months, watched their countryside trampled by the boots of the “Blue and Gray.” The Trail can be driven in one, two or three days depending on traveler preference. Destinations like Rockville, Westminster, Frederick, Hagerstown and Cumberland offer walking tours that can be enjoyed all-year long. Recreational activities such as hiking, biking, paddling and horseback riding add a different, yet powerful dimension to the driving experience. Amenities along the Trail include dining, lodging, shopping, and attractions, which highlight Maryland’s important role in the Civil War. For more detailed travel information, stop by any Maryland Welcome Center, local Visitor Center or contact any of the organizations listed in this guide. For additional Civil War Trails information, visit www.civilwartrails.org. For more travel information, visit www.mdwelcome.org. Tim Tadder, www.tadderphotography.com Tadder, Tim Biking through C&O Canal National Historical Park.

Follow these signs to more than 1,000 Civil War sites.

Detail of painting “Serious Work Ahead” by Civil War Artist Dale Gallon, www.gallon.com, (717) 334-0430. H THE H

he of Gettysburg lasted The Shenan- three days. The Gettysburg Cam- doah Valley in Vir- paign took 35 days, with most of ginia and the Cum- T the advance and retreat occurring berland Valley in in Maryland. The first battle of the cam- Maryland became paign—the largest engagement of Lee’s avenue of inva- the Civil War—occurred on , 1863, at sion. By June 15, Brandy Station, , on the Orange & Lee’s army had Alexandria Railroad. Despite being sur- cleared its path with prised, Confederate Gen. J.E.B. Stuart ral- a victory at the lied and held the high ground at the end of Second Battle of Win- the day, thus protecting Gen. E. chester. Throughout Lee’s right flank. the next week, the Lee was moving north. Motivated by Confederates Gen. Robert E. Lee his recent stunning victories at Freder- splashed northward icksburg and Chancellorsville, he decided across the at Boteler’s Ford to launch a second invasion into Union ter- and at Williamsport, then marched through ritory. The first incursion had ended nine Western Maryland like Hagerstown months earlier with the Confederate retreat and Smithsburg. The bulk of the 75,000 Con- from Antietam. This time Lee intended to federates entered by June 25. carry the war across the Mason and Dixon Meanwhile, the U.S. Army searched des- Line into Pennsylvania. perately for the Confederates. The effectively screened Lee’s The Confederate cavalry crossing the movements, and Union cavalry probes at Potomac River, June 11, 1863. H THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN H

HARRISBURG Carlisle

PENNSYLVANIA Wrightsville Dover York Chambersburg

Cashtown GETTYSBURG Hanover Greencastle MASON AND DIXON LINE Waynesboro Emmitsburg BigPipe Creek Hagerstown Manchester Taneytown Williamsport Middleburg Westminster

Martinsburg Sharpsburg Frederick Bunker MARYLAND & O h i Hill ( B a l t i m o r e o R R )

Harpers Ferry

Stephenson Depot R Stuart’s E V I Route Berryville R Winchester H A O Leesburg

ND A N E Rockville H Upperville S P Aldie Dranesville O T O Middleburg M A C R I Front Royal V E Fairfax R WASHINGTON, D.C. Salem Court House (Marshall) Fairfax Station Centreville r i a R R ) A l e x a n d e & a n g Manassas Junction ( O r Warrenton MEADE (Hooker) Sperryville

Brandy R A Station P P Stafford A H Court House Kelly’s A Culpeper N N O C Court House Ford K Aquia Landing R I V V E R E R R I LEE N Chancellorsville A FREDERICKSBURG D P I R A

Orange VIRGINIA Court House THE GETTYSBURG WHO’S IN COMMAND CAMPAIGN

Aldie, Middleburg and Upperville had failed to discover him. Finally, on June 24, the Union began crossing the Poto- mac at Edward’s Ferry to concentrate at Frederick. They then lurched north toward Emmitsburg and east into Car- roll County on a dual mission to con- front the invaders and protect Balti- Gen. Gen. more and Washington, D.C., along the “Pipe Creek Line.” en. Joseph Hooker was Stuart, meanwhile, separated furious. The Army of the from Lee, conducted a cavalry raid Potomac’s commander had east of the main . Although Gdemanded that Washington Stuart captured 125 wagons and 400 authorize him to abandon Maryland prisoners near Rockville, his raid Heights and transfer the 10,000 men through central Maryland deprived Lee guarding the mountain fortress at of his army’s “eyes and ears” during Harpers Ferry to the main army in much of the campaign. Frederick, Md. After the War Depart- On , following their defeat ment refused, Hooker, in a rage, offered at the , the Confed- his resignation on June 27, 1863. erates began retreating through Wash- It was a bad time to pick a fight ington County, reversing the paths with the Lincoln administration, since they had followed two weeks earlier. Gen. Robert E. Lee had invaded Mary- A flooded Potomac River prevented land and Pennsylvania after thrashing immediate escape, and for nearly one Hooker at Chancellorsville, Va. Lincoln week, pursuing Union troops trapped could not afford petty bickering during the Confederates at Williams­port and this dire emergency. He accepted Hook- Falling Waters. The Gettysburg Cam- er’s resignation and replaced him with paign ended on July 14 when Lee finally Gen. George G. Meade. recrossed the river. A courier delivered Lincoln’s orders to an unsuspecting and startled “ on the Square” by Ron Lesser. Meade at 3 a.m. on Sunday, June 28, near Frederick. Meade had not cam- paigned for the job; his steady record of success had earned him the position on merit. “I am moving at once against Lee,” he wrote to his wife. “[A] battle will decide the fate for our country and our cause.” WHERE’S STUART

onfederate Gen. James Ewell ommunications are extremely Brown Stuart served as Gen. important in wartime, both for Robert E. Lee’s “eyes and locating and predicting the Cears” as the Army of North- Cmovements of the enemy and ern Virginia invaded Northern soil in for keeping track of friendly forces. The June 1863. Lee directed him to protect Civil War was the first war in which the his right flank, avoid protracted electric telegraph was used extensively. engagements with the Union troops, The U.S. Signal , established in and capture provisions while gathering June 1860 under Maj. Albert J. Myer, information. was the first corps of officers and men Stuart dis- whose sole mission was . rupted Union Myer had developed a flag-signaling sys- communication tem in the 1850s called “wigwagging.” and supply A student of his, Edwin Porter Alexan- lines, alarming der, went South and founded the Confed- Washington erate Signal Corps. At night torches were and Baltimore. used instead of flags, but each method He also lost could only be used when the weather contact with allowed good visibility. Both sides used Lee, rendering Myer’s system to communicate during him blind and battles as well as during campaigns. deaf to the signal stations were placed whereabouts of on high ground with unobstructed views the Union and and moved when the army moved. Capt. frustrating him Lemuel Norton was U.S. Chief Signal Gen. J.E.B. Stuart as the Officer during the Gettysburg cam- situation changed. paign, and Col. William Norris headed Once Lee’s stumbled into the Confederate Signal Corps. Gen. George G. Meade’s Army of the Civil War signal station. Potomac at Gettysburg early on , 1863, Stuart’s absence further limited Lee’s options. Delayed by a captured Union wagon and various engage- ments, Stuart did not reach Gettysburg until late on July 2. Union Gen. McM. Gregg’s cavalry command thwarted his attack on the Union’s rear the next day. Criticism of Stuart’s per- formance in the Gettysburg Campaign began soon after the battle and has con- tinued ever since. HHHINVADED AGAIN HHH

uring the Civil War, Marylanders struggled to maintain normality despite repeated military Dincursions. At the start of the war, U.S. troops were immediately deployed to occupy areas sympathetic to the South. Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia invaded in 1862 and 1863, and Gen. Jubal A. Early’s forces invaded in 1864. The Federal suspended some civil rights in areas under and arrested citizens for many rea- Courtesy of the Historical Society Frederick County sons, including “disloyalty.” Confederates The only known photographs of Confederate troops march- under Gen. J.E.B. Stuart arrested Union ing under arms were taken at the intersection of Patrick supporters, including Mollie Dawson’s father and Market Streets in Frederick in September 1862. in Rockville, to prevent them from trans- mitting information. Members of Mollie’s “Had we reported him our lives would not family fought on both sides. Taunted in have been safe.” In this climate of confusion school for her family’s allegiance, she and and mistrust, some families provided meals her siblings worried that their father would to Union officers camped nearby to protect again face Confederate arrest. their livestock and crops from marauding Union and Confederate forces occu- soldiers and to supplement their incomes. pied communities to secure strategic roads Lt. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (later a U.S. and lines of communication. They disrupted Supreme Court justice), of the 20th Massa- everyday life, sometimes getting into alter- chusetts Infantry, wrote, “To the rear of our cations with citizens and stealing livestock. hill … is a secesher’s house (Mrs. Mary E. Virginia Moore of Bethesda recalled an Chiswell) where we eat & paid 37 cents for intoxicated soldier stealing her chicken: delicious dinners of goose & ice cream.” Marylanders did not suffer the short- ages and privations of the South but did experience destroyed roads, crops, fences, wood lots and structures caused by constant

troop movements. They faced curfews, car-

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, y a r ject to the draft. When faced with arrest G n o s w from either government; however, political a D ry a M opponents often stepped forward to defend sy te ur Co neighbors. Though divided by loyalties, Mollie Dawson Lt. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. Marylanders were united by community. H LONG MARCHES H LINCOLN GOES TO GETTYSBURG

s you drive this tour in your climate-controlled vehicle, consider the plight of the Civil hen President Abraham AWar infantryman who trudged Lincoln learned of Union the same route, putting one tired foot victories at Vicksburg in front of the other in all types of W and Gettysburg in July weather while wearing ill-fitting army 1863, he told a crowd it was providen- shoes and toting 60 pounds of equipment. tial that they had occurred around A typical of the Army of the the nation’s birthday. “Gentlemen,” he Potomac, numbering between 3,000 and added, “this is a 5,000 men, and including wagons carry- glorious theme, ing food and ammunition, could stretch and the occasion out along four miles of road. The typical for a speech, but marching day would last from dawn into I am not pre- the afternoon at a rate of two and a half pared to make miles per hour. one worthy of During the Gettysburg Campaign, the occasion.” He however, soldiers sometimes marched found his occa- more than 30 miles at a stretch. After a sion that fall at miserable hike of 35 miles on June 24, the dedication of 1863, Pvt. Alex Haley of the 17th the cem­etery at Infantry complained in his diary, Gettysburg. By “Ye gods! … I could stand no more of this.” the time Lincoln But the next day he got up and hoofed it left Washington, for six more miles, testifying to the amaz- D.C. by train on November 18, he had ing resilience of the American soldier. substantially completed his speech, adding the final touches in Gettysburg. Union troops marching through Middletown At the ceremony on November 19, on the National Road. Lincoln followed a widely praised two- hour oration by , the principal speaker. Lincoln delivered his 272-word speech in a few minutes and sat down, his brevity surprising the crowd, and scattered applause leaving him uncertain whether it had been “worthy of the occasion” after all. His supporters called it “thrilling” and his enemies thought it “silly,” but subsequent generations of Americans have proclaimed the speech immortal. PA Gettysburg Mason and Clear Dixon Line Leitersburg Emmitsburg Union 1 Spring Shielding 2 3 Mills the Army Smithsburg Taneytown Thurmont Manchester HAGERSTOWN Middleburg Williamsport Funkstown Uniontown Catoctin Old Battle of Wagoners Furnace Frederick Boonsboro Road Union WESTMINSTER Jones’ Bridge Battle of Crossroads Lewistown New Falling Waters Meade’s HQ Richfield Windsor 70 Turner’s Braddock Libertytown Gap Heights Rose Hill Manor

81 Boteler’s Middletown FREDERICK Ford Mount Airy Sykesville WVA Jefferson Prospect Hall New Market 70 Harpers Ferry National Historical Park Cooksville Brunswick 270

Point of Rocks Stephenson Depot Monocacy VA Aqueduct Barnesville 4 5 Poolesville 6 Brookeville WINCHESTER Darnestown Gaithersburg LEESBURG Park Edward’s Ferry Goose Creek Bridge ROCKVILLE Rowser’s Upperville Aldie Ford Mill Middleburg Guilford Signal Station Mt. Zion 495 Church WASHINGTON Front Royal D.C. 66 95 Manassas Junction H CONFEDERATE ADVANCE H H Uniontown – A soldier described the as “patriotic, but paralyzed just now by the nearness of the rebel army.” H Cavalry Screening – Opposing cavalry units clashed at Aldie, H New Windsor – Union soldiers who marched through here com- Middleburg and Upperville as Lee moved north beyond the moun- mented on the beauty of this town and surrounding countryside. tains. H Union Bridge – Thousands of wounded Federals passed through H Williamsport – Confederate Army’s invasion began here on June the town after the Battle of Gettysburg. 15, 1863, and its “Wagon Train of Misery” retreated through here H Libertytown – On June 29, 1863, Union troops marched through after Gettysburg. the town while being serenaded by the division’s glee club. H Shielding the Army – South Mountain, to the east, shielded the H New Market – A wing of the Union army marched through here Confederates from observation by the Union Army. on June 29-30, 1863. H Mason and Dixon Line – Enthusiastic Confederates unfurl H Mount Airy – On June 29, 1863, Union cavalry came through their flags as they officially enter the “North.” in pursuit of Stuart’s cavalry. J.E.B. STUART’S CAVALRY TOUR H Manchester – Site of Union army’s right flank on Pipe Creek between June 28 and July 1, 1863. H Rowser’s Ford (Seneca) – On the night of June 27–28, 1863, Gen. J.E.B. Stuart’s 5,000 cavalrymen crossed into Maryland here. H Union Mills – Confederate cavalry camped here the night of June 29, 1863, followed closely by Union infantry. H Old Rockville – Stuart occupied the town on June 28, 1863, and found both Confederate sympathizers and loyal Unionists. H Taneytown – Location of Meade’s headquarters in the days before the battle. H Brookeville – On June 29, 1863, Gen. J.E.B. Stuart paroled almost 400 prisoners here. H Emmitsburg – A union supply depot and home of the Roman Cath­olic Daughters of Charity, who helped tend to wounded H Cooksville – Union troops saved vitally important soldiers. during Confederate cavalry attack on June 19, 1863. H Gettysburg – The battle that occurred here on July 1-3, 1863, H Sykesville – On June 29, 1863, Confederate cavalry hatched cost approximately 50,000 men killed, wounded or missing. a plan to capture Union Gen. Hooker near here. It failed. H Westminster – Stuart’s cavalry clashed with the Union’s 1st Del- aware Cavalry here on June 29, 1863. H CONFEDERATE RETREAT H H Union Mills – Stuart breakfasted here at the William Shriver & UNION PURSUIT house June 30 with Union infantry on his heels. H Monterey Pass – Union cavalry attacked a retreating Confeder- H UNION ADVANCE H ate wagon train in a daring midnight raid. H Leitersburg – Union cavalry attacked retreating Confederates H Manassas Junction – Site of a Union supply depot. after a long, miserable march through the mud and rain. H Guilford Signal Station – A vital link in the Union communica- H Hagerstown – After two sharp cavalry engagements with tion chain between the Army of the Potomac and Washington, D.C. retreating Confederates, Union troops finally occupied the town H Edward’s Ferry – Most of the Union army, pursuing Lee’s army, on July 12, 1863. crossed the Potomac here June 24-25, 1863. H Jones’ Crossroads – The entrenched armies faced each other H Poolesville – From here Hooker wired Gen. in here on July 12, 1863. Washington, D.C. concerning supplies to be sent to Frederick. H Smithburg – On July 5, 1863, Stuart’s retreating cavalry fought H Barnesville – Three Union infantry corps marched through this an artillery duel with Union cavalry. little town, June 26–28, 1863. H Battle of Wagoners – On July 6, 1863, Imboden organized his H Monocacy Aqueduct – Thousands of Federal soldiers marched drivers and wounded to protect the Confederate wagon train the muddy towpath and crossed the Monocacy River here on during an attack. June 25-27, 1863. H Boonsboro – Site of July 8, 1863 cavalry battle. H Point of Rocks – This was a major crossing point between H Funkstown – On July 10, Stuart’s cavalry held off Union forces Confederate Virginia and Unionist Western Maryland. enabling the Confederates to protect their avenue of retreat. H Jefferson – In late June 1863, many pro-Union residents H Turner’s Gap – Meade established his headquarters here on July welcomed the Federals with cheers and flowers. 9, 1863. H Middletown – The Union army marched through the town on its H Battle of Falling Waters – Confederates fought here to protect way north, and Union cavalry passed through after the Battle at their retreat across the Potomac River on July 14, 1863. Gettysburg. H Brunswick – Union troops pursuing the Confederate army H Braddock Heights – Good views here of the South Mountain crossed the Potomac River here. gaps, important during the Gettysburg and Antietam campaigns. H Front Royal – The Buck family entertained Lee at their home, H Prospect Hall – On June 28, 1863, Meade replaced Hooker Bel Air, July 22, 1863. as Commander of the Army of the Potomac. H Frederick – Troops from both sides occupied the town at differ- H WESTERN MARYLAND H ent times in 1862, 1863 and 1864. H Clear Spring – Site of major Union encampment and signal H Rose Hill Manor – Home of Maryland’s first governor. The Union station throughout the Civil War. army’s large artillery reserve camped here in late June 1863. Hancock – shelled the town in 1862, when the H Richfield – On June 28, 1863, Meade promoted three young • Union garrison refused to surrender. cavalry officers up four ranks to general. Folck’s Mill – On August 1, 1864, Union troops ambushed H Lewistown – Saw Union troops on June 28, 1863, en route to • Confederate cavalry sent to disrupt the railroad. Gettysburg and on July 7, 1863, pursuing the Confederates. Cumberland – Home to Maryland’s second largest railroad depot H Catoctin Furnace – Ironworks continued to operate even as • and site of 1864 Confederate raid. Union and Confederates marched by throughout the campaign. Clarysville – Site of largest Civil War hospital complex in H Thurmont – Union infantry passed by here on June 29, 1863, • Western Maryland. on the way to Gettysburg and pursued Confederate cavalry after the battle. • Altamont – Confederate Rangers attacked the B&O Railroad and sent a captured locomotive careening toward Oakland. H Old Frederick Road (Loy’s Station) – A Union corps marched through here pursuing the Confederate army both before and after • Oakland – Confederates took control of the town for a day to dis- the battle. rupt Union troop and supply movements on the B&O Railroad. H Middleburg – Site of Union army’s left flank on Pipe Creek • Fort Alice – Confederates disarmed the Federal garrison, between June 28 and July 1, 1863. destroyed the fort and burned the B&O Railroad bridge. Map To Carlisle and Harrisburg 1 Chambersburg 30 Cashtown PENNSYLVANIA (Not to Scale) Fairfield 116 16 Gettysburg 116 Hanover Waynesboro Rouzerville 16 16 Village of Stateline 60 Blue Ridge Summit (Monterey Pass) HOUSE M A S O N A N D D I X O N L I N E OL R HO D SC 97 418 KS 140 BLAC Conoc oc 494 h S C VE T r e D. e A O e R a N k N E g O R T D u Crossing VER Garrett and Allegany Counties E e Leitersburg O S the Mason Emmitsburg N (See Map 7) A (Union Encampment) Manchester and Dixon 60 140 194 Union Mills (Pipe Creek OLD H 81 (Stuart Encampment) Right Flank) 63 Plumb Clear Miller’s Farm 58 Grove Spring Wilson’s 15 Store 11 Catoctin Mountain 40 Smithsburg HIS IONAL RD National Park TORIC NAT Cavalry Battle 30 D Taneytown R Fairview G HAGERSTOWN 64 N I R Mountain P (See Map 7) S 68 70 Shielding 40 77 IG Thurmont 832 B the Army L 140 27 56 I 194 Creek 97 R A ipe Williamsport T D P Battle of R Big N E (C&O Canal NHP) C 84 A D Fort Frederick Funkstown A R South Mountain N E R 77 G I U F D State Park Recreation Area Cunningham Falls I IN R

H T B RD State Park C DLEBURG Williamsport O G MID T U C N Old Frederick Road N 65 A O ION ALT C S TOW S (Loy’s Station) Middleburg N A RD Battle of 40 806 Catoctin E . H 550 (Pipe Creek Uniontown L Wagoners 40 C Furnace A

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H T B RD State Park C DLEBURG Williamsport O G MID T U C N Old Frederick Road N 65 A O ION ALT C S TOW S (Loy’s Station) Middleburg N A RD Battle of 40 806 Catoctin E . H 550 (Pipe Creek Uniontown L Wagoners 40 C Furnace 97 A WESTMINSTER T Left Flank) A O WESTMINSTER C RD Union Bridge T L 68 P IL I M N CKS D (See Inset) LA R M B

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R I R Monocacy O E T T 40 T L Mount Airy S Back Door to O Kennedy National Battlefield Pine Grove Sykesville V H IL WEST Farm Harpers Ferry Hood’s LE Jefferson Chapel R Mill D M D O R U E D N H 340 R T 67 T Y VIRGINIA R V 85 S E IL R D O Marriottsville L F N E 80 H A RD IST L Urbana ORIC NA Buckeystown (Landon House) TIONA 230 80 L RD 17 99 C REDERICK R D F D h e Buckeystown Cooksville OL sa 80 To Baltimore pea Brunswick 15 Park 144 P ke and O Oh al His T io Can tion to 70 340 R al Na r Harpers Ferr y O i 270 40 E M A c 355 C a 464 CHARLES IV National Historical Park R R I V E R l Sugarloaf Mountain TOWN P H a r Natural Area A k O D Point of Rocks N Carrollton Hyattstown Joins Map 6 A

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109 Stonewall Jackson MONTGOMERY HQ Glen 9 White’s Brookeville Burnie Ford Museum Beallsville WINCHESTER 107 28 97 WHITE’ S F DA TU White’s Ferry ER RN Purcellville TT RY E LAN R S 270 E D T O 7 Poolesville W Mile Hill N 355 LY RD R

ER W D

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Kernstown S T 107 370 Loudoun Ball’s RIVER RD D Dawsonville R C W Y & I Museum Bluff R L O R L E A C F a R Darnestown n D a S W RD l N D EST TT Gaithersburg H R OFFU R EDWAR D Park DS F P A LEESBURG E W (Summit Hall Farm)

R RY RD M 81 ED 28 50 T N

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Fairfax Thoroughfare Court House Gap Manassas National Battlefield Park St. Mary’s 495 Church Fairfax Blackburn’s Station Ford

29

To Brandy Manassas Station Junction To Carlisle and Harrisburg

Chambersburg 30 Cashtown PENNSYLVANIA (Not to Scale) Fairfield 116 16 Gettysburg 116 Hanover Waynesboro Rouzerville 16 16 Village of Stateline 60 Blue Ridge Summit (Monterey Pass) HOUSE M A S O N A N D D I X O N L I N E OL R HO D SC 97 418 KS 140 BLAC Conoc oc 494 h S C VE T r e D. e A O e R a N k N E g O R T D u Crossing VER Garrett and Allegany Counties E e Leitersburg O S the Mason Emmitsburg N (See Map 7) A (Union Encampment) Manchester and Dixon 60 140 194 Union Mills (Pipe Creek OLD H 81 (Stuart Encampment) Right Flank) 63 Plumb Clear Miller’s Farm 58 Grove Spring Wilson’s 15 Store 11 Catoctin Mountain 40 Smithsburg HIS IONAL RD National Park TORIC NAT Cavalry Battle 30 D Taneytown R Fairview G HAGERSTOWN 64 N I R Mountain P (See Map 7) S 68 70 Shielding 40 77 IG Thurmont 832 B the Army L 140 27 56 I 194 Creek 97 R A ipe Williamsport T D P Battle of R Big N E (C&O Canal NHP) C 84 A D Fort Frederick Funkstown A R South Mountain N E R 77 G I U F D State Park Recreation Area Cunningham Falls I IN R

H T B RD State Park C DLEBURG Williamsport O G MID T U C N Old Frederick Road N 65 A O ION ALT C S TOW S (Loy’s Station) Middleburg N A RD Battle of 40 806 Catoctin E . H 550 (Pipe Creek Uniontown L Wagoners 40 C Furnace A

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ER W D

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Kernstown S T 107 370 Loudoun Ball’s RIVER RD D Dawsonville R C W Y & I Museum Bluff R L O R L E A C F a R Darnestown n D a S W RD l N D EST TT Gaithersburg H R OFFU R EDWAR D Park DS F P A LEESBURG E W (Summit Hall Farm)

R RY RD M 81 ED 28 50 Gen. John F. Reynolds T N

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Joins Map 5 m P p s h 50 i r e R Middleburg R 495 ) 522 Guilford Dranesville 190 Signal Station W ash ingt on and Old Aldie Mill Do mi 606 n C Mosby’s io LARA B n ARTON P Mt. Zion Raid Tr K 50 ail 7 W Church 28 Y 626 HERNDON Marshall Freeman FRONT ROYAL Store/Museum Salem Civil War VIENNA Fortification WASHINGTON, D.C. To Page County Bel Air The Plains 66 66 To Culpeper 234

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29

To Brandy Manassas Station Junction

Miserable muddy march To Carlisle and Harrisburg

Chambersburg 30 Cashtown PENNSYLVANIA (Not to Scale) Fairfield 116 16 Gettysburg 116 Hanover Waynesboro Rouzerville 16 16 Village of Stateline 60 Blue Ridge Summit (Monterey Pass) HOUSE M A S O N A N D D I X O N L I N E OL R HO D SC 97 418 KS 140 BLAC Conoc oc 494 h S C VE T r e D. e A O e R a N k N E g O R T D u Crossing VER Garrett and Allegany Counties E e Leitersburg O S the Mason Emmitsburg N (See Map 7) A (Union Encampment) Manchester and Dixon 60 140 194 Union Mills (Pipe Creek OLD H 81 (Stuart Encampment) Right Flank) 63 Plumb Clear Miller’s Farm 58 Grove Spring Wilson’s 15 Store 11 Catoctin Mountain 40 Smithsburg HIS IONAL RD National Park TORIC NAT Cavalry Battle 30 D Taneytown R Fairview G HAGERSTOWN 64 N I R Mountain P (See Map 7) S 68 70 Shielding 40 77 IG Thurmont 832 B the Army L 140 27 56 I 194 Creek 97 R A ipe Williamsport T D P Battle of R Big N E (C&O Canal NHP) C 84 A D Fort Frederick Funkstown A R South Mountain N E R 77 G I U F D State Park Recreation Area Cunningham Falls I IN R

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For more information on the Civil War, recre- ation and traveling in Maryland, please visit:

Maryland Office of Council of Tourism Development Frederick County, Inc. 401 E. Pratt Street 151 S. East Street 14th Floor Frederick, MD 21701 Baltimore, MD 21202 (800) 999-3613 (877) 333-4455 www.visitfrederick.org www.visitmaryland.org Hagerstown/Washington Conference and Visitors County Convention &

Bureau of Montgomery Visitors Bureau Tim Tadder, www.tadderphotography.com Detailed exhibits at Boonsborough Museum, Boonsboro. County, Maryland, Inc. 16 Public Square 11820 Parklawn Drive Hagerstown, MD 21740 Suite 380 (800) 228-STAY (7829) National Museum of C&O Canal National Rockville, MD 20852 www.marylandmemories.org Civil War Medicine Historical Park (800) 925-0880 48 East Patrick Street Williamsport Visitor Center www.visitmontgomery.com Frederick, MD 21701 205 West Potomac Street (800) 564-1864 Williamsport, MD 21795 www.CivilWarMed.org (301) 582-0813 www.nps.gov/choh South Mountain State Battlefield Cunningham Falls State Park 6620 Zittlestown Road 14039 Catoctin Hollow Road Middletown, MD 21769 Thurmont, MD 21788 (301) 432-8065 (301) 271-7574 www.dnr.state.md.us www.dnr.state.md.us Catoctin Mountain National Park Re-enactors help bring Civil War history to life. 6602 Foxville Road Tim Tadder, www.tadderphotography.com Thurmont, MD 21788 (301) 663-9388 Howard County Visitors Allegany County Convention www.nps.gov/cato Information Center & Visitors Bureau Howard County Tourism Council Western Maryland Gettysburg National 8627 Main Street Railway Station Military Park Ellicott City, MD 21043 13 Canal Street 97 Taneytown Road (800) 288-8747 Cumberland, MD 21502 Gettysburg, PA 17325 www.visithowardcounty.com (800) 425-2067 (717) 334-1124 www.mdmountainside.com www.nps.gov/gett Carroll County Visitor Center 210 East Main Street Gateway To Garrett County, Fort Frederick State Park Westminster, MD 21157 Maryland 11100 Fort Frederick Road (800) 272-1933 Garrett County Visitors Center Big Pool, MD 21711 www.carrollcountytourism.org 15 Visitors Center Drive (301) 842-2155 McHenry, MD 21541 www.dnr.state.md.us (301) 387-4386

www.visitdeepcreek.com Tim Tadder, www.tadderphotography.com B preceding years.” preceding the all in Ihad than of war horrors of the more “I realized of rain, sheets and thunder, with lightning, mixed soldiers dying and of the wounded the cries as 1863, of July 4, the night during that He recalled later train. D. the Imboden’s protected John Gen. Virginia. to retreat mile 50 the agonizing made the army as miles 17 stretched Confederates wounded 10,000 carrying train the wagon disease. and infection from deaths the many and of infection theory of the germ ignorance despite strides great made science medical fact, In care. War about medical Civil myths but of the many two are else thing H communities servedasnursesduringthewar. were amongthefirsttoarriveatGettysburg Six hundred sisters from a dozen religiousSix hundredsistersfromadozen After the Battle of Gettysburg, the Battle of Gettysburg, After The DaughtersofCharityEmmitsburg after thebattleandaidwounded. MEDICINE didn’t how do any to know doctors because limbs amputating and surgery during on abullet iting

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Harpers Weekly Illustration Courtesy of Daughters of Charity Archives, Emmitsburg 1 Washington counties. Howard, Montgomeryand Frederick, Garrett, Allegany, Carroll, call toll-free: Trails, War Civil other on For more information way. the along do and see to things fun and history War Civil discover to Play Google or Apple from app Trails War Civil Maryland the Download . 888 W ASHINGTON, D.C. www.visitmaryland.org Boyd Rutherford,Lt.Governor

Larry Hogan,Governor . RICHMOND

248 BAL . TIMORE 4597

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