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An Analysis of the Acquittal of John Demjanjuk and Its Impact on the Future of Nazi War Crimes Trials Lisa J
Boston College International and Comparative Law Review Volume 18 | Issue 1 Article 4 12-1-1995 Not Guilty – But Not Innocent: An Analysis of the Acquittal of John Demjanjuk and its Impact on the Future of Nazi War Crimes Trials Lisa J. Del Pizzo Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr Part of the Criminal Law Commons Recommended Citation Lisa J. Del Pizzo, Not Guilty – But Not Innocent: An Analysis of the Acquittal of John Demjanjuk and its Impact on the Future of Nazi War Crimes Trials, 18 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 137 (1995), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol18/iss1/4 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Not Guilty-But Not Innocent: An Analysis of the Acquittal of John Demjanjuk and Its Impact on the Future of Nazi War Crimes Trials INTRODUCTION On July 29, 1993, the Supreme Court of the State of Israel acquit ted John Demjanjuk of charges that he was "Ivan the Terrible," a sadistic Nazi gas chamber operator who assisted in the extermina tion of thousands of Jews at the Treblinka death camp in Poland during World War II.! The acquittal, which overturned the district court's 1988 conviction and death sentence,2 was based on new evidence which created a "reasonable doubt" that Demjanjuk was "Ivan the Terrible" of Treblinka.3 The acquittal of John Demjanjuk comes after a sixteen year legal battle which began in the United States in 1977, when the U.S. -
Holocaust Archaeology: Archaeological Approaches to Landscapes of Nazi Genocide and Persecution
HOLOCAUST ARCHAEOLOGY: ARCHAEOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO LANDSCAPES OF NAZI GENOCIDE AND PERSECUTION BY CAROLINE STURDY COLLS A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham September 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The landscapes and material remains of the Holocaust survive in various forms as physical reminders of the suffering and persecution of this period in European history. However, whilst clearly defined historical narratives exist, many of the archaeological remnants of these sites remain ill-defined, unrecorded and even, in some cases, unlocated. Such a situation has arisen as a result of a number of political, social, ethical and religious factors which, coupled with the scale of the crimes, has often inhibited systematic search. This thesis will outline how a non- invasive archaeological methodology has been implemented at two case study sites, with such issues at its core, thus allowing them to be addressed in terms of their scientific and historical value, whilst acknowledging their commemorative and religious significance. -
Vichy France and the Jews
VICHY FRANCE AND THE JEWS MICHAEL R. MARRUS AND ROBERT 0. PAXTON Originally published as Vichy et les juifs by Calmann-Levy 1981 Basic Books, Inc., Publishers New York Contents Introduction Chapter 1 / First Steps Chapter 2 / The Roots o f Vichy Antisemitism Traditional Images of the Jews 27 Second Wave: The Crises of the 1930s and the Revival of Antisemitism 34 The Reach of Antisemitism: How Influential Was It? 45 The Administrative Response 54 The Refugee Crisis, 1938-41 58 Chapter 3 / The Strategy o f Xavier Vallat, i 9 4 !-4 2 The Beginnings of German Pressure 77 Vichy Defines the Jewish Issue, 1941 83 Vallat: An Activist at Work 96 The Emigration Deadlock 112 Vallat’s Fall 115 Chapter 4 / The System at Work, 1040-42 The CGQJ and Other State Agencies: Rivalries and Border Disputes 128 Business as Usual 144 Aryanization 152 Emigration 161 The Camps 165 Chapter 5 / Public Opinion, 1040-42 The Climax of Popular Antisemitism 181 The DistriBution of Popular Antisemitism 186 A Special Case: Algeria 191 The Churches and the Jews 197 X C ontents The Opposition 203 An Indifferent Majority 209 Chapter 6 / The Turning Point: Summer 1Q42 215 New Men, New Measures 218 The Final Solution 220 Laval and the Final Solution 228 The Effort to Segregate: The Jewish Star 234 Preparing the Deportation 241 The Vel d’Hiv Roundup 250 Drancy 252 Roundups in the Unoccupied Zone 255 The Massacre of the Innocents 263 The Turn in PuBlic Opinion 270 Chapter 7 / The Darquier Period, 1942-44 281 Darquier’s CGQJ and Its Place in the Regime 286 Darquier’s CGQJ in Action 294 Total Occupation and the Resumption of Deportations 302 Vichy, the ABBé Catry, and the Massada Zionists 310 The Italian Interlude 315 Denaturalization, August 1943: Laval’s Refusal 321 Last Days 329 Chapter 8 / Conclusions: The Holocaust in France . -
Revisiting Zero Hour 1945
REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER VOLUME 1 American Institute for Contemporary German Studies The Johns Hopkins University REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER HUMANITIES PROGRAM REPORT VOLUME 1 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. ©1996 by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies ISBN 0-941441-15-1 This Humanities Program Volume is made possible by the Harry & Helen Gray Humanities Program. Additional copies are available for $5.00 to cover postage and handling from the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Suite 420, 1400 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036-2217. Telephone 202/332-9312, Fax 202/265- 9531, E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.aicgs.org ii F O R E W O R D Since its inception, AICGS has incorporated the study of German literature and culture as a part of its mandate to help provide a comprehensive understanding of contemporary Germany. The nature of Germany’s past and present requires nothing less than an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of German society and culture. Within its research and public affairs programs, the analysis of Germany’s intellectual and cultural traditions and debates has always been central to the Institute’s work. At the time the Berlin Wall was about to fall, the Institute was awarded a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to help create an endowment for its humanities programs. -
Märzalarm Und Wikinglinie : Ein Neues Dokument
Märzalarm und Wikinglinie : ein neues Dokument Autor(en): Maurer, Christian Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: ASMZ : Sicherheit Schweiz : Allgemeine schweizerische Militärzeitschrift Band (Jahr): 157 (1991) Heft 10 PDF erstellt am: 11.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-61072 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch ASMZ Nr. 10/1991 559 Für das Entgegenkommen bei der Benützung der Akten verdienen die zuständigen Herren vom Bayerischen Staatsarchiv, vor allem Herr Direktor Dr. A. Tausendpfund, einen besonderen Dank. Ebenfalls ist zu danken für mannigfache Hilfe, die Märzalarm ich bei meinen Nachforschungen im Institut für Zeitgeschichte in München, im Schweizer Bundesarchiv in Bern und im Archiv für Zeitgeschichte an der ETH und Wikinglinie Zürich erfahren durfte. -
BICICLETA III Reflexions Sobre El Internacionalismo 8
III Reflexiones sobre el internacionalismo Osvaldo Bayer Imagen prohibida de Alemania Hace unos meses, el Instituto de Relaciones exteriores de Alemania, invitó al historiador cineasta argentino Osvaldo Bayer (autor de La Patagonia Rebelde ) a participar en un encuentro entre intelectuales alemanes y latinoamericanos. Se le pidió un trabajo sobre "La imagen alemana para un exiliado " pidiéndole que se expresara de forma personal y crítica, en base a su propia experiencia. Pero el sin duda esperado elogio de la democracia alemana en contraste con la sangrienta dictadura de Videla, no se produjo, y el trabajo de Osvaldo Bayer fue rechazado y devuelto con una carta del Director Organismo Günter W. Lorenz en la que le acusaba de formular «aborrecibles difamaciones la R.F.A.». Reproducimos el texto de 1a ponencia rechazada por su indudable valor testimonial e informativo. ¿Qué valor puede tener la opinión de un exiliado latinoamericano acerca de Alemania? ¿No significa esto pedir la opinión de un enfermo? Una opinión que puede variar entre el ditirambo de quien de pronto se halla a salvo y no teme ya oír el timbre de la puerta de su casa, con el consiguiente agradecimiento a la tierra que lo ha recogido; o, todo lo contrario, una acusación emocional, amarga, desesperada por saber que justamente aquí se elabora el sistema que ha hecho posible la tragedia del asesinato o la prisión de los amigos y familiares. De ver -en ese caso-en cada alemán el responsable de todo lo que ocurre a miles de kilómetros de distancia. Al decir esto último ya estamos en la dualidad vivencial del exiliado latinoamericano que se ve obligado a vivir en cualquier país industrial de occidente. -
STORIES of POLISH RESISTANCE About Half of the Six Million European Jews Killed in the Holocaust Were Polish
STORIES OF POLISH RESISTANCE About half of the six million European Jews killed in the Holocaust were Polish. In 1939 a third of the capital city Warsaw, and 10% of the entire country was Jewish. By 1945 97% of Poland's Jews were dead. These eleven examples of Polish resistance do not proport to give an overview of what happened in Irena Maximilian Emanuel Mordechai Witold Poland during The Holocaust. They have been Sendler Kolbe Ringelblum Anielewicz Pilecki chosen to reflect the unimaginably difficult choices made by both Jews and non-Jews under German occupation – where every Jew was marked for death and all non-Jews who assisted their Jewish neighbours were subject to the same fate. These individuals were not typical; they were exceptional, reflecting the relatively small Janusz Jan Zofia Father Jan & Józef & proportion of the population who refused to be Korczak Karski Kossak- Marceli Antonina Wiktoria bystanders. But neither were they super-human. Szczucka Godlewski Zabinski Ulma They would recoil from being labelled as heroes. They symbolise the power of the human spirit – their actions show that in even the darkest of Created by times, good can shine through… STORIES OF POLISH RESISTANCE Maximilian Kolbe Emanuel Ringelblum Mordechai Anielewicz Witold Pilecki Janusz Korczak Jan Karski Zofia Kossak-Szczucka Father Marceli Godlewski Jan and Antonina Zabinski Created by Józef & Wiktoria Ulma IRENA SENDLER 1910 - 2008 Irena Sendler was an exceptional woman who coordinated an Underground Network of rescuers that enabled many Jewish children to escape the Warsaw Ghetto and survive The Holocaust. Her father was a doctor who died during a typhus epidemic in 1917 after helping many sick Jewish families who were too poor to afford treatment. -
Serge Klarsfeld
Grand Oral Serge 1984 - 2014 1984 KLARSFELD • Écrivain, historien et avocat, président de l’Association des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France, vice- président de la Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah 30 ANS DE RENCONTRES 30 DE RENCONTRES ANS en partenariat avec le Mémorial de la Shoah et la librairie Mollat « Jury » présidé par Bernadette DUBOURG, Journaliste à Sud Ouest Jeudi 4 décembre 2014 1984 - 2014 17h00 – 19h00 • Amphi Montesquieu • Sciences Po Bordeaux 330 ANS0 INTRODUCTION Les Rencontres Sciences Po/Sud Ouest ont pour vocation de faire découvrir, à l’occasion de leurs Grands Oraux, des personnalités dont le parcours et l’œuvre sont dignes d’intérêt et parfois même tout à fait exceptionnels. Avec Serge Klarsfeld nous sommes face à un engagement exceptionnel qui constitue l’œuvre d’une vie : la poursuite des criminels nazis et de leurs complices et un travail patient, fastidieux de mémoire pour reconstituer l’identité et l’itinéraire des 76 000 déportés Juifs de France. Telle est l’œuvre de cet avocat, historien qui préside l’association des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France. Cette quête de vérité l’a poussé avec sa femme, Beate, à traquer par tous les moyens d’anciens nazis comme Klaus Barbie et à dépouiller inlassablement les archives. Une vie de combat obstiné pour que soient jugés à Cologne en 1979, Kurt Lischka, Herbert Hagen , Ernst Heinrichsohn, trois des principaux responsables de la Solution finale en France, que soient inculpés les Français René Bousquet ou Jean Leguay et jugé et condamné Maurice Papon en avril 1998 pour complicité de crime contre l’humanité. -
Dokumentation Das Letzte Duell. Die
Dokumentation Horst Mühleisen Das letzte Duell. Die Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Heydrich und Canaris wegen der Revision der »Zehn Gebote« I. Die Bedeutung der Dokumente Admiral Wilhelm Franz Canaris war als Chef der Abwehr eine der Schlüsselfigu- ren des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Rätselhaftes umgibt noch heute, mehr als fünfzig Jah- re nach seinem gewaltsamen Ende, diesen Mann. Für Erwin Lahousen, einen sei- ner engsten Mitarbeiter, war Canaris »eine Person des reinen Intellekts«1. Die Qua- lifikationsberichte über den Fähnrich z.S. im Jahre 1907 bis zum Kapitän z.S. im Jahre 1934 bestätigen dieses Urteü2. Viele Biographen versuchten, dieses abenteu- erliche und schillernde Leben zu beschreiben; nur wenigen ist es gelungen3. Un- 1 Vgl. die Aussage des Generalmajors a.D. Lahousen Edler von Vivremont (1897-1955), Dezember 1938 bis 31.7.1943 Chef der Abwehr-Abteilung II, über Canaris' Charakter am 30.11.1945, in: Der Prozeß gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Mi- litärgerichtshof (International Military Tribunal), Nürnberg, 14.11.1945-1.10.1946 (IMT), Bd 2, Nürnberg 1947, S. 489. Ders., Erinnerungsfragmente von Generalmajor a.D. Erwin Lahousen über das Amt Ausland/Abwehr (Canaris), abgeschlossen am 6.4.1948, in: Bun- desarchiv-Militärarchiv (BA-MA) Freiburg, MSg 1/2812, S. 64. Vgl. auch Ernst von Weiz- säcker, Erinnerungen, München, Leipzig, Freiburg i.Br. 1952, S. 175. 2 Vgl. Personalakte Wilhelm Canaris, in: BA-MA, Pers 6/105, fol. 1Γ-105Γ, teilweise ediert von Helmut Krausnick, Aus den Personalakten von Canaris, in: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte (VfZG), 10 (1962), S. 280-310. Eine weitere Personalakte, eine Nebenakte, in: BA-MA, Pers 6/2293. -
The Days of Future Past Thinking About the Jewish Life to Come from Within the Warsaw Ghetto
S: I. M. O. N. Vol. 7|2020|No.2 SHOAH: INTERVENTION. METHODS. DOCUMENTATION. Justyna Majewska The Days of Future Past Thinking about the Jewish Life to Come from within the Warsaw Ghetto Abstract Jews imprisoned in the Warsaw Ghetto pondered not only how to survive the present but also the days to come. The day of liberation was calculated on the basis of rumours, interpre- tations of wartime developments, and Kabbalistic prophecies. In this paper, among different notions of the future expressed by the inhabitants of the Warsaw Ghetto, I focus especially on the perspective of Jews active in various parties and youth movements. I approach the question of what Jews thought about the future and what would lead to it within the broader context of the sociology of time. The primary source used in this paper is the Jewish under- ground press published in the Warsaw Ghetto. “As usual in such times, people believe in different fortune-tellers. Osso- wiecki1 […] predicted that a very important event would happen on 17 Au- gust. A Jewish woman, a fortune-teller who, according to the statements of a friend of mine, predicted the occupation of neutral states and war with Rus- sia, now claims that in three months’ time there will be peace”.2 These predictions were recorded by Dr Emanuel Ringelblum. A historian and cre- ator of the Warsaw Ghetto Underground Archive (Oneg Shabbat),3 in his Notes from the Warsaw Ghetto he often mentioned people looking for signs presaging the post- war era. In the imposed and ruthless reality of the Warsaw Ghetto, where between November 1940 and July 1942 nearly 500,000 people were imprisoned and about 100,000 died of hunger and disease, Jews pondered not only how to survive the pres- ent but also the days to come. -
Lavender Lives Forced Relocation for LGBTQ+ Individuals
Common Reading Series: Lavender Lives Forced Relocation for LGBTQ+ Individuals MATTHEW: Good afternoon, everyone. Is my mic good? Thank you. I'm going to be careful because I sit right in the projector line. Thank you, Karen. So ask Karen mentioned, I'm Matthew. I am the director of the Gender Identity Expression Sexual Orientation Resource Center, I use he and his pronouns. And I'm upstairs on the fourth floor of the cub, and the most beautiful view probably outside Webster on this campus. If you haven't seen it-- well, you probably did during your alive program. We overlook Kamiak Butte, which was most likely visible during your time here. Sometimes it's smoky and you can't see anything. So I have you for 45-ish minutes, and I'd like to give you an overview because I never like to be in a presentation where we might not have a roadmap of where we're going. So first off, I've a few notes and a few definitions something that's important to figure out what we're talking about. A little bit of history. Anyone in history 105 or 305? So we're going to talk about why history is important a little bit. Some present day persecution and what we're seeing happening across the globe. And then, what it means to attain refugee status here in the United States or in some of the other countries where we would think we folks are going and where the research already exists. So the UK, Australia, et cetera. -
Rethinking Hannah Arendt's Representation of The
Understanding, Reconciliation, and Prevention – Rethinking Hannah Arendt’s Representation of the Holocaust by Lindsay Shirley Macumber A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department for the Study of Religion University of Toronto © Copyright by Lindsay Shirley Macumber 2016 Understanding, Reconciliation, and Prevention: Rethinking Hannah Arendt’s Representation of the Holocaust Lindsay Shirley Macumber Doctor of Philosophy Centre for the Study of Religion University of Toronto 2016 Abstract In an effort to identify and assess the practical effects and ethical implications of representations of the Holocaust, this dissertation is a rethinking and evaluation of Hannah Arendt’s representation of the Holocaust according to the goal that she herself set out to achieve in thinking and writing about the Holocaust, understanding, or, “the unmediated, attentive facing up to, and resisting of, reality- whatever it may be.”1 By examining Arendt’s confrontation with the Holocaust from within the context of systemic evil (which is how I argue she approached the Holocaust), and in light of her ultimate aim to “be at home in the world,” I conclude that understanding entails both reconciling human beings to the world after the unprecedented evil of the Holocaust, as well as working towards its prevention in the future. Following my introductory chapter, where I argue that Arendt provided an overall representation of the Holocaust, and delimit the criteria of reconciliation and prevention, each subsequent chapter is dedicated to an aspect I identify as central to her representation of the Holocaust: Her claim that totalitarianism was unprecedented; that the evil exemplified by Adolf Eichmann was “banal;” and that the Jewish Councils “cooperated” with the Nazis in the destruction of their communities.