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Stories from the Medmuseum MedHistory Milestones Stories from the MedMuseum siemens.com/medhistory Stories from the MedMuseum 2 Foreword Are museums still in step with the times? Are the Friedrich Dessauer brought his company, Veifa Images generated using nuclear medicine and objects on display there nothing but dust collectors, (Frankfurt/Aschaffenburg), with him into the merger ultrasound are difficult for laypeople to interpret. presented with varying degrees of skill? Are the “stories between Siemens & Halske (Berlin) and Reiniger, George de Hevesy and Richard Soldner made them behind them” really appealing, or do they tend more Gebbert & Schall (Erlangen). Dessauer is largely easier to read. toward laboriously revived, but essentially anemic unknown in our area, and unjustly so. He was one of Laboratory diagnostics focuses primarily on human anecdotes? Are there stories about apparently faceless the most ingenious X-ray specialists of his time and bodily fluids. Nowadays, rapid diagnosis based on technology in the first place, and do we actually want today is viewed as the founder of quantum biology. blood and urine samples is a matter of just a few to know who is behind it? minutes. Yes, we really do. This collection of texts – which is Early days and breakthroughs The “Industrial Design” exhibit section shows the high in keeping with our museum motto, “People. Stories. Who was behind Europe’s first electric dental drill? degree to which even – and especially – the design Innovations.” – lifts the curtain and offers a view of Who developed the first hearing aid? Who launched of technical functions obeys creative and aesthetic the backdrop behind our company’s history of medical the first Siemens rotating-anode tube on the market principles. Generations of designers, among them technology. A view of the people who shaped and after years of research? Hans Domizlaff, have played a crucial role in shaping lived this history. The history of two more recent, globally successful the design of medical technology at our company. Prologue: the big three imaging technologies – computed tomography The former factory, dating back to 1893, is home to and magnetic resonance imaging – is the story of unique treasures. Our goal in publishing a collection The person who first founded the company in Berlin development teams hard at work under the leadership of stories is to help you explore this treasure trove. and the company’s namesake today, Werner von of Friedrich Gudden and Arnold Oppelt. We hope you find reading them an edifying and Siemens, was a pioneer in electromedicine. His Konrad Gund, one of the most important physicists stimulating experience! invention harnessed the power of electricity for of his generation, was a firm believer in the curative the field of medical technology, as elsewhere. potential of X-rays, and his “Betatron” represented Your team of MedMuseum The history of medical technology at our site in a breakthrough in deep therapy. Erlangen started when three precision engineers A look at the human heart takes our breath away: joined together to form a company called Reiniger, Cardiac pacemakers and catheters are used to Gebbert & Schall. Max Gebbert was the one whose support our “tickers” and keep them running along. technical implementation of Wilhelm Conrad Pioneering deeds by engineer Rune Elmqvist and Röntgen’s groundbreaking 1895 discovery of X-rays medical researcher Åke Senning in Stockholm led the company to international success. and Werner Forßmann in Berlin tell the story. 3 Stories from the MedMuseum 1 How tooth pain changed the world… 06 12 The first patient: a bell pepper 28 Women’s rights and X-ray units – 08 2 13 A lifesaving device formed in a plastic cup 30 Max Gebbert 14 Putting a spin on cancer 32 3 A passionate pioneer in the field of X-rays 10 Reiniger, Gebbert & Schall 12 15 Fighting deafness 34 4 during World War I 16 Electric shocks in the dentist’s chair 36 5 When you’re hungry, everything is tasty 14 17 Pantix, a very special X-ray tube 38 6 Of slaps in the face and sunscreen 16 40 From “living room archive” to company 18 Submarines, water baths, and fetuses 7 18 museum 19 A grain of truth … 42 8 Bringing the invisible to light 20 Of cows, buses, and medical 20 44 9 Tuberculosis onscreen 22 technology in India From uroscopy to automated 21 46 10 Exploring the heart with a rubber tube 24 large-scale labs 11 The origins of computed tomography 26 4 19 18 17 12 10 8 5 4 6 7 16 21 15 9 14 2 13 3 20 1 11 5 1 How tooth pain changed the world… Florian Kiuntke Reconstruction of a slide inductor, ca. 1846 The bust of Werner von Siemens in the MedMuseum A toothache can be agonizing. You can’t sleep or think middle class. But the family often faced serious Werner had the solution: His “Volta Inductor” was able clearly. All you want is just to be left in peace. That is financial difficulties, making it difficult to give the to generate strong voltage using relatively little how Friedrich Siemens, younger brother of Werner children an education commensurate with their electricity. Now, as both brothers were experimenting Siemens, felt one evening in 1844. He was suffering middle-class ambitions. Werner ended up leaving with the device, they had an idea: Might the current from “rheumatic tooth pain,” for which there was no secondary school without a diploma and joining the generated by the Volta Inductor not alleviate the known treatment or cure. His older brother Werner Prussian army instead. The vocational training he unbearable pain – or perhaps even eliminate it had the idea of trying out his latest design, which he received there in the artillery and engineering school altogether – if it were applied through the roots of the had named the “Volta Inductor.” With ramifications spurred his interest in science and technology and laid tooth? No sooner said than done. The unit was hooked extending right up to the present day... a solid foundation for his future work in the electrical up to the most painful tooth and the power was engineering segment. turned on. The pain was immense at first, but then Werner Siemens – from 1888 onward Werner von subsided entirely. Friedrich was thrilled, treating all of Siemens – was born in the village of Lenthe, near During his years of service as an artillery lieutenant, his teeth right away with the live voltage and enjoying Hannover, in 1816. He was the fourth of 14 children. Werner Siemens lived with several of his younger a few days’ respite. Unfortunately, the effect did not His father, Christian Ferdinand, was the leaseholder siblings. Among them was Friedrich, who was writhing last very long, even vanishing completely after a few for the estate there, and the family belonged to the in pain from a toothache one evening in 1844. 6 Werner Siemens as an artillery officer, ca. 1843 treatments, but the two brothers had shown that serious financial trouble and was electricity could be used to treat medical problems. acquired by S&H in early 1925. The two An exciting audio segment at the MedMuseum in businesses were initially run separately, Erlangen tells the full story. but in later years Siemens pooled all of their activities together in a newly In 1847, a few years after this memorable occasion, founded company, Siemens-Reiniger- Werner Siemens teamed up with Johann Georg Halske, Werke AG. Today, Siemens Healthineers a mechanic, to found a company called is a separately managed healthcare Telegraphenbauanstalt von Siemens & Halske. The business of Siemens AG and a leader in new company’s core business focused on building the medical technology. pointer telegraph that Werner von Siemens had improved, which allowed even relatively untrained people to communicate over long distances for the first time. It is less widely known that Halske contributed his own activities involving building 1816 Ernst Werner Siemens born at equipment for scientific and research use at the Obergut Lenthe estate, near Hannover, university in Berlin to the joint company. The slide on December 13. inductor that he had designed together with 1847 Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond is considered a Siemens & Halske, a telegraph firm, milestone in the field of electromedicine. It was also founded in Berlin on October 1. produced successfully at the workshops of Siemens & Halske (S&H) for years. That means medical 1866 Werner Siemens discovers the technology has a history stretching back over more dynamoelectric principle. than 170 years at Siemens, just as long as the 1888 Werner Siemens raised to the company itself has existed. Prussian nobility by Kaiser Friedrich III. It is likely that neither Werner von Siemens nor 1890 Management of the company Johann Georg Halske ever visited Erlangen, but the passes to his brother Carl and his sons company they founded has been active here for Arnold and Wilhelm. decades. Siemens Healthineers today is not only descended from Siemens AG, but also from Reiniger, 1892 Werner von Siemens dies in Gebbert & Schall (RGS), a company founded in 1886. Charlottenburg on December 6. At first a major competitor of Siemens, RGS ran into 7 7 2 Women’s rights and X-ray units – Max Gebbert Doris Vittinghoff shop with Karl Schall in Stuttgart. The two of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s discovery of X-rays in them met Erwin Moritz Reiniger at a conference in Würzburg in November 1895 took the world by storm, Strasbourg in 1885. He had run a workshop of his Gebbert made sure the company produced X-ray own at Schlossplatz 3 in Erlangen since 1877, with systems and accessories right away.
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