Topic 2.8 Cellular Respiration Review **Review all the “understanding” statements at the beginning of each section. Key facts
2.8 63. Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP. ATP, adenosine triphosphate, is the actual compound that provides energy for all cellular processes.
64. In cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP.
65. Cell respiration may be aerobic or anaerobic.
66. Anaerobic respiration results in ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide in plants and yeast.
67. Anaerobic respiration results in lactic acid (lactate) in animals. Lactate causes muscle burn and soreness.
68. During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP.
69. Glycolysis may occur in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration and results in pyruvate.
70. Glycolysis results in a net yield of 2 ATPs.
71. Organisms must have mitochondria to carry out aerobic respiration. Since prokaryotic cells do not have organelles such as mitochondria, they may not carry out aerobic respiration.
Complete
83. Explain what, in general, happens in cell respiration.
84. What are the products of glucose breakdown when it occurs in the cytoplasm?
85. What are the products of glucose breakdown when it occurs in the mitochondria?
86. What are the products of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
87. What are the products of anaerobic respiration in animals?
88. What is the form of energy used by cells to carry out the processes necessary for life?
89. Define cell respiration.
90. Explain the differences between anaerobic and aerobic respiration.
91. Compare ATP production in aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
92. Glycolysis is the first step of cell respiration. Where does it occur?
93. What are the products of glycolysis?
94. What type of cell respiration would prokaryotic cells carry out?
95. In what part of the cell would alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation occur?
96. How many carbons does each pyruvate molecule produced by glycolysis have?_____
97. How many pyruvate molecules are produced by glycolysis in glycolysis?______
98. Which type of cell respiration produces the most ATPs?
99. What organelle must be present for aerobic respiration?______
100. What stage of cell respiration is common to all types of cell respiration?
101. What gas is the waste product of aerobic cell respiration and alcoholic fermentation?______
102. What gas is essential for aerobic cell respiration to occur?______
103. Discuss the use of anaerobic respiration in yeast and baking.
104. Discuss the use of anaerobic respiration in humans.