Hans (J.W.M.) de Wit is This publication contains recent publications by Professor (lector) of Interna- professor (lector) in internationalisation of education, tionalisation of Higher Hans de Wit, and was issued on the occasion of his TRENDS, ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Education at the School of Public Lecture titled: Law of the Stimulative Economics and Management Arrears? Internationalisation of the Universities of of the Hogeschool van Applied Sciences, Misconceptions and Challenges, Amsterdam, University of delivered on April 6, 2011. It contains the English Applied Sciences and Senior translation of his public lecture as well as eight Policy Advisor International of the Hogeschool van other articles he has written alone or with col- Amsterdam. He is the Co-Editor of the ‘Journal of leagues in international books and journals over the Studies in International Education’ (Association for past three years. The publication also contains a Studies in International Education/SAGE publishers complete overview of De Wit’s publications on Los Angeles). From 2011 -2013 he is Visiting internationalisation of higher education from 1991 I Professor at the Centre for Academic Practice and through 2011, and is issued by CAREM. N IN Research in Internationalisation (CAPRI) at Leeds T ERNA Metropolitan University. In 2005-2006, Hans de Wit was a New Century Scholar of the Fulbright ti ONAL Program Higher Education in the 21st Century, and TRENDS, ISSUES AND in 1995 and 2006 a visiting scholar in the USA and in I SA 2002 in Australia. He has (co)written several books ti CHALLENGES IN and articles on international education and is actively ON OF involved in assessment and consultancy in interna- INTERNAtiONALISAtiON Hi tional education, for organisations like the European GHER Commission, UNESCO, World Bank, IMHE/OECD, OF HiGHER EDUCAtiON NVAO and ESMU. The professorship of Hans de Wit E HANS DE WIT DU is part of the Centre for Applied Research on C A Economics & Management (CAREM) of the School of ti Economics and Management. ON Hogeschool van Amsterdam Economie en Management / HES Centre for Applied Research on Economics & Management Gebouw Fraijlemaborg Fraijlemaborg 133 1102 CV Amsterdam-Zuidoost carem.hva.nl CENTRE FOR APPLIED RESEARCH ON ECONOMicS & MANAGEMENT Trends, Issues and Challenges in Internationalisation of Higher Education Hans de Wit © 2011, Centre for Applied Research on Economics & Management, School of Economics and Management of the Hogeschool van Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any other form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Author, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Permission for publishing the articles was granted by courtesy of the publishers. ISBN 978-90-817122-1-7 Trends, Issues and Challenges in Internationalisation of Higher Education Hans de Wit Amsterdam, 2011 Trends, Issues and Challenges in Internationalisation of Higher Education, Hans de Wit, Amsterdam 2011 © 2011, Centre for Applied Research on Economics & Management, School of Economics and Management of the Hogeschool van Amsterdam, and Hans de Wit. All rights reservered. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any other form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exeption of any matieral supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Permission for publishing the articles was granted by courtesy of the publishers. ISBN: 978-90-817122-1-7 Contents Preface 5 Ineke van der Linden and Jesse Weltevreden Law of the Stimulative Arrears? 7 Internationalisation of the Universities of Applied Sciences, Misconceptions and Challenges Hans de Wit Trends and Issues in Internationalisation of Higher Education 25 The End of Internationalisation 27 Uwe Brandenburg and Hans de Wit Global Competition in Higher Education 29 A Comparative Study of Policies, Rationales and Practices in Australia and Europe Tony Adams and Hans de Wit Internationalisation of Higher Education in Europe and its Assessment 39 Towards a European Certificate Hans de Wit The Increasing Relevance of Institutional Networks 45 David Stockley and Hans de Wit Student Mobility 59 International Students and Immigration 61 The Netherlands Case in a European Context Hans de Wit Student Mobility Trends in Latin America 67 Isabelle Cristina Jaramillo and Hans de Wit Global Citizenship and Study Abroad 77 A European Comparative Perspective Hans de Wit Research and Resources 93 An Overview and Analysis of International Education Research and 95 Resources Hans de Wit and David Urias Publications and References 105 Publications on Internationalisation of Higher Education, 107 by Hans de Wit, 1993-2011. References 115 About the Authors 125 Preface With pleasure we present an overview of recent publications by professor (lector) in internationalisation of education, Hans de Wit, from the School of Economics and Man- agement of the Hogeschool van Amsterdam, University of Applied Sciences. This over- view includes his complete Public Lecture, titled: Law of the Stimulative Arrears? Inter- nationalisation of the Universities of Applied Sciences, Challenges and Misconceptions, held on April 6, 2011. This selection of articles published in recent years by Hans de Wit, both as author and co-author, in international books and journals provides an overview of conceptual thinking and trends, challenges and misconceptions with respect to internationalisation of higher education, all main topics expressed in Hans de Wit’s Public Lecture. This publication, together with the school’s research programme and the international sym- posium (including the proceedings) organised by Hans de Wit’s research group on the occasion of the public lecture, illustrate how the School of Economics and Management and its Research Centre, the Centre for Applied Research on Economics & Management (CAREM), implement internationalisation as a key strategic dimension both in teaching and in research. Hans de Wit addresses one specific but crucial dimension of international orienta- tion: the internationalisation of education. How do we prepare our students for a pro- fessional career which is increasingly international as a result of the global knowledge economy we are part of. His work and that of his research group, concentrates on the role of education in this global knowledge economy, the internationalisation of the cur- riculum, and the intercultural and international competencies of teachers and students involved. The professorship of Hans de Wit is embedded in the Centre for Applied Research on Economics & Management (CAREM) of the School of Economics and Management. In its research programme titled Innovation and Participation in the Knowledge Economy, the present four professors of CAREM outline the current demands that the economy places on our teachers and future graduates, and combine their expertise to approach this dilemma from a research point of view. The research programme is based on the central notion that our economy is evolving in the direction of a knowledge economy, with impor- tant implications for companies, consumers, employees, local and national governments and education. Innovation is necessary to keep up with the competitive world we live in. At the same time, the knowledge economy offers new opportunities giving fresh input to innovation. The research programme consists of four central themes: innovation of services, hu- man resource management and leadership, the economy and management of cities, and internationalisation. This last theme is recurrent through all themes of the research pro- gramme, as innovation and participation cannot be studied without the notion of globalisa- tion of our society, in particular in a multicultural and international region such as Amster- dam. The economy of the city of Amsterdam has a strong international orientation, even more so than The Netherlands as a whole. The research programme of CAREM reflects that strong international focus of the city, the university and the school. The Hogeschool van Amsterdam and its School of Economics and Management have therefore made inter- 5 nationalisation one of their key priorities for the coming years. The themes addressed in this publication by Hans de Wit offer us valuable insights into the way we can incorporate internationalisation, both in education, research and policy, thus increasing more mutual awareness and enlarging chances of success. Ineke van der Linden, Dean School of Economics and Management / HES Jesse Weltevreden, Chair Centre of Applied Research on Economics & Management / HES Law of the Stimulative Arrears? Internationalisation of the Universities of Applied Sciences Sector: Misconceptions and Challenges * Hans de Wit he Law of the handicap of a head start as Jan Romein describes in his essay in 1937 De dialectiek van de vooruitgang (The dialectics of progress) is generally quite Twell known. This law states that a head start or progression in a particular domain has a restricting influence on further development and innovation. The obverse of this law de- scribed