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±3,5,4,2 -2,-1 Chemical Formula Writing & Nomenclature Binary Molecules Literally, binary molecules are combinations of two non-metal elements. We are going to limit the scope of this category however to non-hydrocarbon molecules (CxHy). And, since we’ve already covered acids, the binary acids (which are also binary molecules) will not be covered here either. So what’s left? Combinations of the elements: F, Cl, Br, I, O, S, Se, N, P, C, and H As a representative example, we’ll explore the combination of nitrogen and oxygen. Since nitrogen is less electronegative, it goes first in the formula. Now, we must consider all of those oxidation states that we have been ignoring so far. N±3,5,4,2 O -2,-1 All of the oxidation states of the nitrogen can now be possible since it is covalently bonding. The oxygen however can still only be -2. The –1 oxidation state of the oxygen only occurs in peroxides. Peroxides have two oxygen atoms singly bonded to each other functioning as 2 a -2 ion. O2 Here are our possible combinations: N+3 + O-2 N+5 + O-2 N+4 + O-2 N+2 + O-2 Naming Binary Molecular Compounds ide 1st element name root of 2nd element name Prefix Prefix The prefix used = di mono subscript on the tri di element. tetra tri penta tetra hexa penta Note that “mono” hepta hexa is never used on octa hepta the first element nona octa in the formula. deca nona deca Naming Examples: CO2 and CO are both possible combination of ±4,2 carbon and oxygen since carbon is C . CO2 is named: carbon dioxide CO is named: carbon monoxide Naming Practice: SO2 sulfur dioxide P2O5 diphosphorus pentoxide PCl3 phosphorus trichloride CCl4 carbon tetrachloride PBr5 phosphorus pentabromide Formula Writing Practice: dinitrogen pentoxide N2O5 sulfur trioxide SO3 carbon tetraiodide CI4 carbon disulfide CS2 dihydrogen monoxide H2O Mixed Practice P2N3 diphosphorus trinitride SF6 sulfur hexafluoride phosphorous tribromide PBr3 dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4 SeI4 selenium tetraiodide SO3 sulfur trioxide SeP2 selenium diphosphide .
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