Global Maritime Crime Programme

GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

Maritime Crime Programme, Regional Office for Eastern Africa United Nations Office at Nairobi, Gigiri, Block X, Room 212 P.O. Box 30218, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya Tel.: (+254) 20 762 1890 • E-mail: [email protected] • www.unodc.org ANNUAL REPORT 2016

CONTACTS If you would like to know more about the work that UNODC is doing to support States to combat maritime crime, please see www.unodc.org/unodc/en/piracy/index.html

Head of Global Maritime Crime Programme: Alan Cole For inquiries please contact: [email protected] UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME

GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

ANNUAL REPORT 2016

UNITED NATIONS Nairobi, 2016 Global Maritime Crime Programme Team

Photographs: © UNODC

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

This publication has not been formally edited.

Printing: UNON/Publishing Services Section/Nairobi, ISO 14001:2004-Certified ii FOREWORD

The Global Maritime Crime Programme (GMCP) is now in its eighth year of operation. With the alarming increase of heroin trafficking in the Indian Ocean and the reemergence of illegal fishing off the Horn of Africa, 2016 has been the busiest year to date for GMCP so far.

Thanks to the strong support of Member States and the dedicated work of UNODC staff, the GMCP continues to provide successful technical assistance to combat maritime crime through its interregional approach.

One of the greatest challenges for the GMCP in 2016 has been the increase of irregular migration patterns by sea across the Gulf of Aden and Mediterranean. Both the Indian Ocean and the Horn of Africa Teams have responded by developing Maritime Law Enforcement capacity to rescue migrants at sea, as well as arresting people smugglers, and seizing illegal weapons.

The Indian Ocean Programme continues to support fair and efficient piracy trials through the introduction of new case management technology systems and the training of court personnel to improve sustainability. Early this year, the Team launched an Indian Ocean Prosecutors’ Network, bringing together senior prosecutors from eight Indian Ocean States to work on cooperation and mutual legal assistance to combat transnational organised crime.

The Horn of Africa Programme has been successful in implementing Maritime Law Enforcement capacity through mentoring in seamanship, policing and basic engineering. Its biggest achievement for 2016 is the construction of new infrastructure, specifically the Mogadishu Prison and Court Complex; as well as the completion of Headquarters for the Bosasso Port Police.

The Detention and Transfer Programme has expanded its operations to assist prison services in the region meeting renewed challenges in the criminal justice sector. UNODC has used its experience in the region to intervene and to help prevent the expansion of violent extremism in prisons.

Looking ahead, the GMCP will continue to focus on the arising challenges of combating transnational crime but with more of a global rather than regional focus. Within the next year, the GMCP will be expanding its operations in South and Southeast Asia, Nigeria, the Caribbean, and the Mediterranean.

Alan Cole

Head, Global Maritime Crime Programme United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

iii Learn more about GMCP activities on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqXVZJIkVmM&list=PLP1rrIC89eFCcOzBqR6a-ZO-bLAXZtCmn

Indian Ocean Programme ...... 1

Horn of Africa Programme ...... 11

Atlantic Ocean Programme ...... 21

Detention and Transfer Programme ...... 25

Management and Analysis Unit 37

INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME

Working to fight organized crime in the Indian Ocean 2 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME 12 Somalimenwere deemedto have completed theirsentences andwere The GMCPhasgrown anddeveloped significantly since its launchastheCounter The last piracy case inSeychelles was concluded inJune2016withaconviction Repatriation flight for realesed Somali piracy prisoners EU-MASE* Piracy Trials Supported to date under EU’S Instrument for Stability/ *No trialhasfailed dueto lackof dueprocess of oravailability witnesses 2013, andwithareduction intheirsentence for goodbehaviourinprison,the Appeal Court of Seychelles, the appellants were acquitted in December 2016. of 5Somalisuspects oncharges ofpiracy. However, following anappealto the support to Eastern African states prosecuting piracy suspects to ensure that those OLD TRICKS TO ADDRESS NEW THREATS Promoting Fair and Efficient Trials to Counter Maritime Crime Supporting Fair and Efficient Piracy Trials CPP (asitwas then)stepped into provide coordination and immediate, adhoc Given theirtimeonremand since beinghandedover to Mauritianauthorities in remain thesame.Atheightofinternational counter piracy effort, theUNODC repatriated to Somalia as free men. prosecution in2015,handeddown asentence of5years to eachoftheaccused. piracy. Thisconviction, whichcame onre-trial following anappealbythe Indian Ocean Programme, UNODCGMCPisleveraging its experience andexpertise Piracy Programme (CPP)in2009butsomecore aspects andgoalsoftheprogramme to help ensure that the accused implicated in those crimes are brought to justice. the threat posedbyillicitdrugsbeingtrafficked inits waters grows. Underthe trials were fair, efficientandincompliance withhumanrights obligations.This important work continues today. Asthethreat ofpiracy intheIndianOcean wanes, Seychelles Mauritius Kenya Prosecution centre 13 1 17 Cases heard Jasmine case inMauritius suspects. August 2016 saw states prosecuting piracy Security (EU-MASE),the Support Regional Maritime Somali men on offences of GMCP continues to promote regional Eastern African With thestrong supportof with theconviction of12 fair andefficienttrialsin the EUProgramme to the completion oftheMSC 152 12 164 Individuals tried Programme EU MASE structure of the funding and generous under the operates inpart programming Indian Ocean The GMCP GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

ANNUAL REPORT 2016

The Vulnerable Prisoners Unit at Montange Posse Prison, Seychelles

Through EU-MASE funding, piracy trials in regional prosecution centres have been able to continue. GMCP has consistently supported trials and appeals by funding legal defence for the accused; Somali-English interpretation and any third-language interpretation required to ensure trial fairness; and ensuring that foreign civilians that INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME were witnesses to or victims of the piracy attacks are given the opportunity to testify at trial either in person or remotely via video-link technology. The judges, prosecutors, and legal defence engaged in the trials have been given training opportunities to increase their understanding of this complex area of the law and their ability to effectively carry out their roles of adjudicating, prosecuting, and defending within it.

A key aspect of the GMCP’s trial support work is to ensure that the human rights of those held in detention for crimes of piracy are safeguarded. In 2016, the GMCP delivered welfare items for personal hygiene, educational materials, and sports equipment to piracy detainees in Kenya, Seychelles, and Mauritius. Good management practices are promoted in the prisons through expert mentoring and training. Somali-English interpreters facilitate communication between detainees, prison staff, and medical staff. They also provide English lessons in their spare time. In 2016, the Vulnerable Prisoners Unit at Montagne Posee Prison in Seychelles was also completed. The facility provides safe and separate accommodation for detainees who have cooperated with police investigations.

Building Sustainable Criminal Justice Capacity

Taking on prosecutions of complex transnational cases is a huge burden for any state with an already backlogged criminal justice system. When a State volunteers to take on those prosecutions to the benefit of the broader international community, the act must be all the more applauded and recognized. Since 2009, when piracy was at its height, Kenya has prosecuted 164 suspected pirates and Seychelles 152. Many of the piracy trials, like other criminal trials working their way through the criminal justice system, faced delays.

3 4 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME The expertise, network, andadaptable programme structure developed withintheGMCP compounding andlong lasting benefits in thecourts and prisons of Seychelles and Kenya continues to prove essential in construction ofadditionalspace for outages. second iteration ofsupportto theSeychelles andMombasacourts. InKenya, UNODC success ofthistechnological and process supportto thecourts encouraged theGMCP DRUG TRAFFICKING PROSECUTIONS IN THE INDIAN OCEAN as training oftrainers inorder to develop in-housecapacity for training inthelong-term. and to the persons who interact with them. alleviate thecriminaljustice system. Thebenefits realized underthis project willhave allowing thecourt to pushthrough its Shimo la Tewa Prison. UNODC Shanzu Court,whichwas established Seychelles alsobenefited from video-linkfacilities thatcan beusedto hearremote GMCP supported theexpansion of previously provided by UNODC, provided materials for the provided on the ground mentoring in the case managementsystem to new staff as well In terms ofphysical structures, the In 2014,theGMCPbeganworking withthejudiciariesofSeychelles andKenya (in In Seychelles, aSeniorCourtAdministration expert beganwork onimproved systems Mombasa, where thepiracy trialsare held) to findways to improve trialefficiency. Over within thecourt andreforms to thenon-custodial mechanism,whichwillsignificantly witnesses or remand detainees, without the need for travel and related delays. The by UNODCGMCPin2012adjacent to the following year, customized electronic case managementsystems were introduced high caseload despite frequent power to continue work to improve court administration. Inlate 2016,theGMCPlaunched the registry andarchives. Agenerator, to the fight against drug trafficking at sea. through its support to piracy prosecutions from 2009-2016 is seen to be transferable in bothlocations, easingandaccelerating backend file management.BothKenya and Right: Generator at Shanzu Court Shanzu Court, Mombasa Left: Delivery of building materials to Mombasa La Tewa prison adajecent to Shimo Shanzu Court In March 2016, the Sri Lankan Navy seized 101 kg of heroin on an Iranian dhow just off GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME its coast – the largest recorded seizure at the time in the Eastern Indian Ocean. On request, the GMCP responded immediately in assisting the police investigation through providing a Farsi interpreter and an expert to gather data from a GPS device found on the dhow. In June, July, and December 2016 the Police Narcotics Bureau (PNB) in Sri Lanka conducted cocaine seizures totaling 1500kg, raising fears that cocaine traffickers are using the same logistics as heroin traffickers in the region.

The GMCP also responded to requests for assistance by the Seychelles authorities after they seized 98.5 kg of drugs on an Iranian dhow in its territorial waters in April. A Farsi interpreter deployed by UNODC provided communication assistance in police investigations and in court during the remand trials.

UNODC will continue to support the Seychelles, Sri Lanka, and other coastal state authorities with their investigations and prosecutions of maritime drug trafficking cases ANNUAL REPORT 2016 to ensure that those implicated are brought to justice through fair and efficient trials.

THE UN SECRETARY GENERAL MEETS GMCP

The GMCP was honoured to host the UN Secretary General, Ban-Ki-Moon on his visit to the Seychelles Piracy Courtroom in May 2016. The courtroom was constructed by the GMCP and opened in 2015. The Secretary General was briefed on the GMCP and Seychelles’ past work to address Somali piracy through a strong criminal justice response and was INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME shown the court facilities, including its video-link capabilities that enable remote evidence and remand hearings. The GMCP was pleased to get strong endorsement from the Secretary General for work on fisheries crime, heroin trafficking, maritime activity that funds terrorism and wider maritime crime.

UN Secretary General visits Magistrates’ Court, which as constructed by UNODC GMCP, in Seychelles 5 6 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME The SRPprovides anopportunityandspace for allstakeholders engagedincounter The IOFMChasdeveloped the“SouthernRoute Partnership” (SRP)inwhichdrug/law crime issues. TheGMCPisalsolaunchingMaritimeLawEnforcement Dialogues in collective andcollaborative response to maritimecrimeoccurring intheIndian Ocean. connect amultitudeofcoastal states through the‘lawless’ highseas,whichare criminal networks inthemaritimedomain,thisisparticularly important asseaways coordinate counter narcotics initiatives targeting theSoutherndrugsmugglingroute. enforcement agenciesintheregion andinternational organizations work together to INDIAN OCEAN IOFMC SOUTHERN ROUTE PARTNERSHIP: GUIDING A BRINGING TOGETHER STATES AND REGIONS UNDER A COMMON GOAL GOAL COOPERATIVE APPROACH TO END HEROIN TRAFFICKING IN THE Southeast Asiaandcontinues to promote strong investigation andprosecution of Oceania. Itoperates underthematicpillars thataddress themost pressing maritime (b) IllicitFinancialFlows, and(c)Developing regulatory framework for dhow registration. narcotics activityontheSouthernRoute to coordinate, collaborate andde-conflict their It has22participatingcoastal states from East Africa, theMiddle East, South Asia,and work. Itencourages acollaborative approach on(a)MaritimeDrug Enforcement Capacity, UNODC launchedtheIndianOcean Forum onMaritimeCrime(IOFMC)to promote a training initiatives. transnational maritimecrimesunderits Prosecutors Network andthrough its regional increasingly exploited for illicit trade and serious transnational organized crime. In 2015, The United Nationsisinaunique common threats. Indealingwith discuss, strategize andactagainst position to bringstates together to trafficking maritime drug meeting to counter attending IOFMC High level officials It is envisaged that these collaborative efforts will effectively target drug trafficking and GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME upstream networks. In furtherance to the work of the SRP, GMCP continues to update the “Compendium of Drug Seizures at Sea” with the most recent seizures from Indian Ocean states and by the Combined Maritime Forces (CMF). In addition to the collection of drug-stamp imagery and purity results, the updated Compendium will also list Isotope values (IRMS) for the more recent seizures.

Building on this work, a meeting of experts on Heroin Signature Testing and Isotope Measurements was held in March 2016 with broad participation from the US D.E.A., the UK N.C.A., the CMF, the UNSC Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee, Tanzania, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka. UNODC addresses ANNUAL REPORT 2016 The meeting provided an opportunity High Level Forum in Colombo at which the for experts in forensic chemistry to Southern Route analyze information provided in the Partnership was established Compendium of Drug Seizures at Sea to identify heroin manufacturing patterns in Afghanistan. The experts also examined the use of IRMS to geographically tag heroin seizures to poppy growing areas in Afghanistan controlled by the Taliban.

INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME In October, the IOFMC SRP hosted, jointly with the Sri Lankan government, a High Level Meeting of Interior Ministers of the Indian Ocean Region to Counter Drug Trafficking in Colombo.The meeting was attended by 18 littoral states of the Indian Ocean, region with the participation of seven Ministers/Deputy Ministers of Interior or Home Affairs, while other states were represented by special envoys and senior officials. The meeting was also attended by observers from seven international organizations, partner agencies and UN agencies engaged in counter narcotics initiatives in the region.

The Ministers agreed on the urgent need for a coordinated approach to target drug trafficking on the Southern Route. The “Colombo Declaration”, adopted at the High Level Meeting of interior ministers of the Indian Ocean, region recognizes the SRP as the apex coordination mechanism for counter narcotics initiatives in the Indian Ocean region.

IOFMC SANCTIONS IMPLEMENTATION PILLAR: TACKLING TERRORIST FUNDING FLOWS

This IOFMC Pillar seeks to tackle organized criminal networks and corruption in the maritime domain that generate financing for terrorist activities and allows terrorist organizations to flourish. The trafficking of charcoal from Somalia continues to provide a source of funding to Al Shabaab and is declared illicit under UN Security Council Resolutions 2182 and 2244. According to the U.N. Somalia and Eritrea Monitoring Group (SEMG), charcoal exports from Kismayo to Gulf States are valued at a minimum of $250 million a year, with Al Shaabab taking approximately $50 million from front companies and taxation on dealers and growers.

7 8 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME The IOFMCSanctionsImplementation Pillarisworking to establish aneffective and criminals being brought to justice. complex cases ofmaritimecrimebeing communication between theprosecutors. TheUNODCMutualLegalAssistance Request cooperation inprosecuting their cases. Following recommendations from themeeting, the charcoal trade and illegal imports of sugar into the region via Somalia. charcoal isexported andimported. Thegroup alsoidentifiedthelinks between theillicit coordinated response to counteract thistrade. InJune,thegroup held ameetingwith 2016 has been a year of expansion for the GMCP’s Indian Ocean Team. The foundations A second meetingoftheProsecutors’ Assistance Notice and recommendations to tighten port controls in the region where dedicated sessions onmutuallegal officials inIndonesia,Malaysia, PhilippinesandVietNam.Theserieswill launchin early 2017andrunthrough 2019,bringing together regional states to work through strong focus onpractical case studies spanning multiple jurisdictions,few oftheprosecutors hadrelied oninternational IOFMC PROSECUTORS’ NETWORK: BRINGING A LEGAL FINISH TO LOOKING EAST: SOUTH ASIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA EXPANSION COMPLEX TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES and discuss mechanisms for better cooperation. across theIndianOcean, the GMCP assistance. Withgreater cooperation GMCP carried outalegislative gapassessment ofinternational cooperation legislation in regions to meet,share information andexperiences related to maritimecrimecases, resulted in practical recommendations to improve the Security Council Implementation participants includingtheDeputyPrimeMinister ofSomalia,seniorofficers from CMF, In themeeting,itbecame evident thatalthough most maritimecrimecases are Network was held inOctober, with East Africa andhasstarted developing anonlineplatform to facilitate regular andsecure In March 2016,theGMCPhosted theinaugural IOFMCProsecutors’ Network meeting, Writer tool and a compendium of maritime crime cases will form part of the platform. with planningmeetingsonthe project carried outwithSeniorMaritime LawEnforcement for anew GMCPSoutheast AsiaMaritimeLawEnforcement Dialogue serieswere laid, tried andhigher-level ‘kingpin’ hopes that the Network will facilitate between investigators andprosecutors transnational innature, possibly involving suspects, witnesses, victims,andassets the first opportunityfor prosecutors from across theEast African andSouthAsian bringing together seniorprosecutors from 8IndianOcean States. Themeetingprovided the SEMGandofficialsfrom regional states andinternational organizations. Themeeting increased andmore strategic and in heroin and wildlife trafficking and drug trafficking related to maritime a scenario exercise Network engaged in The Prosecutors exercises that touch on pressing maritime crime threats such as kidnapping for ransom, GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME piracy, and various forms of illicit smuggling.

In South Asia, the GMCP attended the BIMSTEC Sub-Group on the Prevention of Trafficking in Narcotics Drugs meeting where it was agreed that BIMSTEC and the GMCP would work in partnership to develop a maritime law enforcement coordination plan to counter drug trafficking in the Bay of Bengal. Assessment missions to identify capacity building and coordination needs of governments were carried out in Bangladesh, Maldives, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. The GMPC will be establishing offices in Sri Lanka and Bangkok at the beginning of 2017 to lead its South Asia and Southeast Asia programming.

MAKING WAVES - ON WATER INTERDICTION CAPACITY BUILDING

The maritime law enforcement authorities in littoral East African states are faced with

the immense task of patrolling and safeguarding their vast coastlines and waters against ANNUAL REPORT 2016 criminality including acts of armed robbery at sea, illicit trafficking of drugs, arms and wildlife, illegal fishing, and even slavery. In 2016, the GMPC undertook significant work with maritime police units to improve their internal capacities to deal with this wide array of threats.

To support “on the water” capacity development, the GMCP continued to run its longstanding regional accredited training programme, “Maritime Crime and Law

Enforcement” in 2016. The Advanced-Level diploma courses were delivered in April in INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME partnership with the University of Seychelles to officers from eight Indian Ocean states. The course focused on strategy and management of investigations relating to maritime crime. The lectures were conducted with simultaneous French interpretation for participants from French speaking countries.

SEYCHELLES

With its central geographic location and strong political will, Seychelles has established itself as a key actor in the fight against maritime crime in the Indian Ocean. In 2016, the Marine Police Unit in Seychelles benefited from the provision of two specialized police boats. The boats will enhance One of the boats maritime law enforcement capability delivered by UNODC to combat maritime crime within the GMCP to the Seychelles Marine inner islands. A marine engineer Police on patrol from UNODC conducted a five-day boat maintenance course for the Marine Police Unit to upgrade their skills to sustainably maintain and service the newly delivered boats. UNODC is also developing a purpose built investigation, management and criminal database for the Seychelles Police, which, when finalized in 2017, will assist in case management and intelligence-led investigations.

9 10 10 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 INDIAN OCEAN PROGRAMME Training will begin in 2017. crime, butalsoterrorism threats. In2016,theGMCPengagedwithKenya Maritime As drug traffickers move drop-off points further south, the GMCP is working to enhance dhows. InMay 2016,UNODCfacilitated afour-week residential VisitBoard Search and exercises on boarding and searching of vessels. The participants from Madagascar and MADAGASCAR AND COMOROS KENYA Seizure (VBSS) training provided bytheSriLankan Navyfor boarding teams from the GMCP maritimementors, training underanew specialized curriculumwillhelpthe Comoros used a seized Iranian dhow to conduct boarding and searching drills. programme includedclassroom sessions onmaritimelawaswell aspractical sea MPU better monitor andrespond to threats ofcrimeandsecurityinnorthernKenya. Police Unitto build capacity atits MPUtraining facility inLamu.Withtheguidance of Kenya’s northerncoastal border withSomaliaisnotonly faced withvarious forms of Madagascar NavyandComoros Coast Guard. Itwas held inTrincomalee, SriLanka. The the capacity ofMadagascar andComoros to conduct maritimeinterdiction ofsuspected Comoros Madagascar and officers from law enforcement Lanka for maritime VBSS exercise in Sri HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME

Greater maritime security in the Horn of Africa 12 12 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME programme. support ofGMCPHoA’s mentoring andsupport tasks hasbeenadvanced as aresult ofthe the SomalilandCoastguard to undertake these provision ofprotection to shipping.Theabilityof and counter smugglingoperations aswell asthe management andprotection, search andrescue These tasks includedharbourpatrols, fisheries which have improved thesecurityofharbour. attended to key operational tasks in Berbera, for theSomalilandCoastguard asthey have Overall, 2016hasbeenahighly successful year Police Building in Puntland and the Mogadishu Prison and Court Complex. communications. Majorinfrastructure projects includedtheconstruction oftheBosasso Port improve portsecurity, maritimelawenforcement, boatandenginemaintenance, andradio policing, engineeringandcommunications mentors whowork alongside MLEauthoritiesto notable achievements was thedeployment incountry ofatotal ofseven full-timemaritime capability andinfrastructure for MLEauthorities.OneoftheGMCPHoAprogramme’s most delivered MLE capacity through mentoring, procurement and construction to improve the operational capacity for MaritimeLawEnforcement (MLE).TheGMCPHoAprogramme implement capacity building projects along theSomalicoast aimedatimproving the In 2016, the UNODC GMCP’s programme for the Horn of Africa, GMCP HoA, continued to SOMALILAND WORKING SIDE BY SIDE AT THE SEASIDE Berbera off the Port of Coastguard patrols Somaliland Berbera Coastguard Base in Somaliland Touring the An example of the improved operational capability of the Somaliland Coastguard was GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME demonstrated by an incident in early 2016 where the Coastguard was involved in a search and rescue operation. A total of 72 Ethiopian migrants headed for Yemen were rescued from a boat, which had been drifting off the coast for more than a week. The Coastguard sadly also recovered 10 bodies, seven of which were retrieved from the sea. The traffickers, who had captained the boat, were apprehended through the swift action of the Somaliland Coastguard. GMCP HoA’s mentoring programme in Somaliland has equipped the Coastguard with the necessary skills to successfully undertake these types of operations, through seamanship training, instituting a maintenance programme for the Coastguard fleet, and improved radio communications network.

In 2016, GMCP HoA’s engineering mentor delivered technical training programmes on the maintenance of boats and vehicles used by the ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Somaliland Coastguard, with 40 sailors receiving training at Berbera Coastguard base. This training established an effective maintenance programme for the Coastguard, Radio Operations which now has capability to maintain Room at Somaliland boats to a high standard for Coastguard Base in Berbera operational readiness. The training HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME programme, which was supported by the Commander of the Coastguard, was designed to provide an immediate solution to the shortage of skilled engineering sailors within the Somaliland Coastguard. The initial phase of the training programme covered theory of the internal combustion engine, which was followed by practical application. Key areas covered included engine types, parts, and operation. The practical sessions included disassembly and assembly of engines and ‘trouble shooting’. The trainees gained thorough knowledge of engine problems and how to fix them, as well as how to maintain boat engines.

GMCP HoA support to the Somaliland Coastguard had a particular focus on improving radio communications. This work included the fitting out of an operations room with maritime domain awareness and radio communications equipment at the Berbera base as well as installing a radio base station at the Coastguard Command HQ in Hargeisa. The project was completed as a result of the combined efforts of Oceans Beyond Piracy (OBP), European Union Mission on Regional Maritime Capacity Building in the Horn of Africa (EUCAP NESTOR) and GMCP HoA. It has allowed the Commander of the Somaliland Coastguard to be in constant contact with the base in Berbera and its fleet while on operations. The improvement of operational communications has been enhanced by the training delivered by GMCP HoA’s Communications Expert. This training included practical operational planning based on radio checks and radio usage as part of the Coastguards daily routines. The communications project and the establishment of an operational situation room have led to a vast improvement in Somaliland’s maritime domain awareness and law enforcement capabilities.

13 14 14 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME cooperation and improved security of the harbour and seaward approaches to MIA. install aVHFbasestation attheAMISOMMaritimeUnitcamp. Thiswork allowed greater expert engagedtheMPUandAMISOMMaritimeUnitinajointeffort inMogadishuto twice aweek. Thiscooperation was furtherenhanced whenGMCPHoA’s communications the year, AMISOMMaritimevessel patrols were supported byoneMPUpatrol vessel operations securingthewaters offtheMogadishuInternational Airport(MIA).During and theAfrican UnionMission inSomalia(AMISOM)MaritimeUnitto undertake joint At thebeginningofyear, agreement was reached between theMaritimePolice Unit operate further out at sea all year round. which were built in Sri Lanka and then assembled in Mogadishu, will allow the MPU to existing MPUboats are notable to safely venture outside theharbourlimits. Theboats, the rougher seasencountered duringtheeast coast monsoon,duringwhichtimethe complement theirexisting fleet. Theseboats have beenpurpose-builtto better handle In 2016,theGMCPHoAprogramme delivered two new patrol boats to theMPUto crewman and coxswains. unit now consists of30competent patrols onMogadishuHarbour. The been undertaking regular security trained byGMCP’s HoAmentors, have Unit (MPU).During2016,MPUcrews, Somali Police Force’s MaritimePolice training andtechnical assistance to the continue to provide invaluable hands-on and basicengineering.Thementors are experts inseamanship,policing, GMCP HoA’s MLEmentors inMogadishu MOGADISHU high risk suspects exercise on arrest of Police Unit training Mogadishu Maritime Police Unit Mogadishu Maritime delivered to the New patrol boats GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

Public water safety ANNUAL REPORT 2016 awareness classes delivered by the Mogadishu Maritime Police Unit on Lido Beach in Mogadishu As a result of the training and support from GMCP HoA’s mentors, as well as the provision of fuel and training for boarding vessels, the mentors have been able to actively encourage the MPU to undertake operations. As a result the MPU has successfully undertaken random searches of vessels in Mogadishu harbour, and once onboard the HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME MPU has been able to check vessel documents and licences. These operations have supported the Federal Government of Somalia’s efforts with respect to stopping illegal fishing and other maritime crime.

GMCP HoA’s mentors have also trained the MPU in water safety and rescue techniques, to a level of competence such that they can now successfully monitor public swimming activities at Lido Beach and provide assistance where needed. As a result, there has been a dramatic reduction of the number of drownings at the beach over past years, which has earned the MPU trust from the community.

Other key operational activities the MPU have undertaken include harbour security, customs, quarantine and immigration checks, maritime patrols to secure sea and air approach to MIA, search and rescue, as well as counter trafficking inspections.

Overall GMCP HoA continues to demonstrate excellent collaboration with the MPU and the Somali Police Force in general, while the unit grows in strength. Given the success of the MPU, the Unit Commander has requested for the number of competent crew to double and he has asked for the continued support of GMCP HoA’s mentor programme in doing so.

15 16 16 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME handguns being smuggled illegally into Puntland from Yemen. smuggling were, investigated in 2016 by the BPP who also discovered ashipmentof Bosasso Port after a dangerous journey from Yemen. Numerous cases of human the BPPescorted agroup of278migrants, refugees, andSomalireturnees to safety at movements ontheGulfofAden.Inoneincident, number ofboats involved inmixed migration Throughout 2016theBPPhasassisted ofa weapons and goods. arresting people smugglers, andseizingillegal included rescue operations ofmigrants atsea, activities undertaken on the water, which have spent patrolling, andthelevel ofcomplexity of operational output.Thisisbothinterms oftime the BPPhasmadesignificant leaps incapability and Since GMCPHoAbegansupportto theunitin2014, Force (EU NAVFOR) vessel His Netherlands Majesty’s Ship (HNLMS) Tromp. with the opportunity to practise boarding with GMCP HoA’s partner – the European Naval as well astechnical aspects. Withregard to practical exercises, theBPPwas provided expert. Thetraining was delivered to three groups of20students andinvolved operational rights, and radio communications training delivered by GMCP HoA’s communications maintenance, aswell asprinciples ofrule oflawandpolicing,useforce andhuman crew andcoxswain training, outboard andvessel planning onportsecurityandpolicing,competent The mentoring programme includedoperation its operational maritime law enforcement. building capacity sothattheBPPcould increase activities in2016were specifically focused on with theunitsince 2015.Training andmentoring engineering mentor who have been embedded through the deployment of a policing and an mentoring to theBosasso Port Police (BPP) In Puntland,GMCPHoAdelivers training and PUNTLAND Illegal fishing vessel supplied life vests in use of newly Bosasso Port Police Mentor instructs the GMCP Policing Left: DK Ambassador, GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME Mette Knudsen, and NL Deputy Ambassador Tijmen Rooseboom, opens Bosasso Port Police Headquarters in September 2016 along with UNODC Regional Representative for Eastern Africa, Jose Vila del Castillo Right: Bosasso Port Police Headquarters The greatest achievement of the GMCP in Bosasso in 2016 was arguably the opening of the BPP Headquarters in September. This two-storey building is located on a plot of land adjacent to Bosasso Port. The facility includes offices, an integrated maritime domain awareness suite delivered jointly with OBP and EUCAP NESTOR, as well as water and ANNUAL REPORT 2016 drainage systems and external works such as a boundary wall, a driveway and parking area. The building will both serve as an operations centre for the BPP and the administrative base for the commander. It will also host the Minister of Transport, Ports and Counter Piracy. This building will strengthen the capacity of the Puntland law enforcement and criminal justice system to effectively deter, investigate and prosecute piracy as well as other offences occurring around Bosasso Port and along the adjacent coastline. The opening ceremony

was presided over by the Minister for Ports, the Commander of the Bosasso Port Police,

UNODC’s Regional Representative, and importantly the Ambassador of Denmark and the HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME Deputy Ambassador of the Netherlands—both countries being major donors to the project.

Bosasso Port Police patrol skiffs with new engines

17 18 18 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME operational reach and capability. including thedelivery ofnew boats andtraining to seecontinued successes ofBPP’s GMCP HoAlooks forward to acontinued fruitfulrelationship withtheBPPin2017, contribute to thestabilityof ourlandandby extension, therest of theworld. requesting that GMCP HoA continue to assist our people us to and thereby better serve asbetteras well boats, willuseto increase whichwe ourcapability andperformance. We are to will move thenew headquarterswe andlook forward to using state communication of theart are looking forward to 2017withconfidence inyet againdoublingourperformance. Thisyear instrumental andindispensableGMCP HoAwas inenhancingourgoodperformance …andwe handguns, smallarmsandother contraband, is15in2016. owned vessels in2016.Thenumberof boats captured illegal carrying immigrants, smuggling who were rescued. With regards to illegal foreign captured fishing, we and 5 Yemeni 3 Iranian boats, andhumantraffickers weapons withmore than800illegal immigrants destinedfor Europe refugees from Yemen. We captured illegal fishing efforts to accommodate andsettle more than1500 docking inBosasso Port. We inhumanitarian took part andadjacentport waters safe for commercial vessels in lawenforcement. For madethe instance,have we where beenable have to affect we agoodperformance obligations asevidencedwork inthenumberof areas its phenomenalinundertaking In 2016,theBPPwas BPP during2016andGMCPHoA’s programming: BPP, stated thefollowing aboutthework ofthe Colonel Haashi,whoisthecommander of the 1a construction of Phase Court Complex Mogadishu Prison and Bosasso Port Police Commander of the Colonel Haashi, MOGADISHU PRISON AND Somalia’s Prime GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME COURT COMPLEX Minister Omar Abdirashid Ali Since the return of relative stability in Sharmarke lays the MPCC foundation stone South Central Somalia, significant with onlookers efforts on the part of the Federal including the Dutch ambassador to Somalia Government of Somalia and the Frans Makken, senior international community have been United Nations officials and other Somali VIPs put into rebuilding Somalia’s justice including the National institutions. Following decades of Security Advisor, Commissioner of the conflict and ongoing terrorist activity, Custodial Corps and the infrastructure needs of the country Mayor of Mogadishu are immense. The security sector has been left with, at best, limited and broken buildings to house important institutions.

Al-Shabaab continues to carry out acts of destruction and intimidation against judicial officers and infrastructure. Terrorists aim to derail the country’s ability to develop and ANNUAL REPORT 2016 enforce the rule of law. An example of this was the tragic incident of April 2013 when attacks on the Benadir Court Complex in Mogadishu caused 30 civilian fatalities. Construction of a secure court complex became urgent, particularly in order to process high risk cases. For security reasons, such cases are currently diverted to military courts regardless of whether or not they fall within their jurisdiction.

“Lawyers and judges will be able to hear trials in a safe and secure environment,

and those awaiting trial for the most serious crimes will have a protective and HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME humane environment that upholds their fundamental human rights.”

Yury Fedotov, Executive Director, UNODC

Mogadishu Prison and Court Complex construction of Phase 1a 19 20 20 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 HORN OF AFRICA PROGRAMME PVE programme as part of the wider Federal Government counter-terrorism strategy. incorporates Custodial Corpstraining courses for prisonstaff, andtheimplementation of 760 mediumsecuritybedsacross three separate prisonblocks. TheUNODCproject also an intake/release building, kitchens andstorage, vocational training facilities, andanadditional in timefor highrisktrialsto beheard inmid-2017.Future MPCC construction Phasesinclude Construction ofPhase1Ahasremained onschedule throughout 2016andwill becompleted population, and have access to Prevention of Violent Extremism (PVE) programmes. Central Prison,and will allow for radicalised prisoners to be separated from the general bed space willlessen thestrain ofovercrowding ofhighriskprisoners atMogadishu point ofvulnerability interms ofattempted break outs andattacks. Theaddedprison to transport high-riskprisoners between theprisonandcourt, whichisacritical location of the court complex within the high security prison will also eliminate the need courts, whichiscrucialto achieving a humanrights compliant judicialsystem. The venue for civilian trials, bringing an end to the practice of trying civilian cases in military With accommodation for judicialstaff insidethecomplex, theMPCC willestablish asafe security prison block with a secure walkway to the court complex. of two courtrooms, self-contained accommodation for judicial staff, and a 240 bed high Kingdom, along withtheUnited NationsMulti-Partner Trust Fund. Itincludesconstruction ‘Phase 1A’, isfundedbythegovernments ofDenmark,theNetherlands,andUnited compound astheSomaliCustodial CorpsHeadquarters. Theinitialconstruction phase, The MPCC isbeingconstructed onthenorth-western edgeofthecitywithinsame into account past experiences in prison construction and refurbishment in Somalia. is thelargest infrastructure project undertaken inSomalia.Thedesignwas developed taking provide resources andtechnical expertise inthedesignandconstruction ofthefacility, which (MPCC). UNODCGMCPhasextended supportto theFederal Government ofSomaliato foundation stone ofwhatwillbecome the1,000bedMogadishuPrisonandCourtComplex On 18February 2016,Somalia’s PrimeMinister, OmarAbdirashid AliSharmarke, laidthe Sunset in Berbera ATLANTIC OCEAN PROGRAMME

Supporting the justice system on land and water 22 22 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 ATLANTIC OCEAN PROGRAMME Tomé andPríncipeworkshops onmaritimejurisdictionand maritimecrimeawareness reform plansandrecommendations for thefour countries. IntheIvory Coast andSão in theGulfofGuinearegion, andincludedthecompletion oflegal assessments andlaw expansion ensured acomprehensive legal approach intackling armedrobbery andpiracy the Gulf of Guinea - Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon and São Tomé and Príncipe. This 2016 alsosawtheexpansion oftheLegalReform Programme to four new countries in East Africa. cussions onpossible joint-operational/hand-over agreements basedonexamples from prosecutorial capacity inresponding to maritimecrimethrough mocktrials,anddis- The meetingsfocused onpresentations oflegal framework status andthecountries’ meetings took place between thefour countries inNigeria,Benin,andTogo, respectively. on maritimejurisdictionandcrimeawareness. Further, three coordination and Gabonthroughout 2016.Three workshops were conducted for nationalauthorities The GMCPcontinued to supportlegal reform work onpiracy inTogo, Benin,Nigeria, Príncipe, respectively embedded advisors withtheGhanaMarinePolice andthecoastguard inSãoTomé and among GulfofGuineanmaritimesecurityauthorities.Intwo pilot countries GMCP and judges,50maritimelawenforcement officers, andfacilitated coordination In 2016theGMCPprovided training oninternational lawoftheseato 110prosecutors relevance of cooperation among states increasing maritime security. strengthening nationalresponses. TheLoméCharter (2016)furtherreinforced the regional cooperation incombating maritimecrime,andemphasizedtheimportance of The Yaoundé CodeofConduct(2013),settheframework for West andCentral African LEGISLATIVE REFORM EYES IN THE SKY AND FEET IN THE WATER and maritime crime. agreements on piracy legal cooperation possible multilateral legal reforms and legal frameworks, GMCP, exchanging on of an expert of the under thecoordination Gabon, met in Abuja Togo, Benin and judges from Nigeria, prosecutors and Legal experts, took place with participation from local GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME magistrates, judges, prosecutors, and legal policy The GMCP delegation advisors in order for them to share their met with the Prime knowledge and experience. Two coordination Minister of the Republic of São Tomé meetings among the involved countries were held and Príncipe, H.E. in Ghana and São Tomé and Príncipe with the aim Mr. Patrice Trovoada, of facilitating the information sharing and to discuss the current project coordinating the law reform plans for further implementation on cooperation. Maritime Security in São Tomé, including support to legal A new project initiative includes an assessment reform and law enforcement.. of the Gulf of Guinea region’s challenges in responding to attacks at sea, and analyses of any shortcomings within the criminal justice systems along the way that, if tackled, could strengthen the national processes to address impunity. Further, the report will lay the ground for the establishment of an ANNUAL REPORT 2016 information platform on attacks and responses to be used actively by the countries in the region.

MARITIME LAW ENFORCEMENT

A pilot project to build capacity for maritime law enforcement was launched in 2016, in Ghana and São Tomé and Príncipe. Two advisors, placed within the Ghana Marine Police and São Tomé and Príncipe Coast Guard respectively, advise and guide the units in their ATLANTIC OCEAN PROGRAMME everyday operations. The advisors have also supported sea operation exercises, including for the Ghana Marine Police who simulated a drug inspection under advice and guidance by the UNODC advisor.

Future capacity building for maritime law enforcement agencies in West and Central Africa will include the use of satellite imageries provided by EU Copernicus for ad hoc

The Ghanaian Marine Police exercise boarding techniques with UNODC’s mentor embarked on a rigid- hull inflatable boat. An inspection against drug trafficking is simulated at approximately 3 nautical miles, on a compliant vessel. The exercise is conducted in sea conditions that are not ideal, allowing to test the skills of the Marine Police and the procedures followed. 23 24 24 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 ATLANTIC OCEAN PROGRAMME other key regional players. been asked to address incoordination withtheCaribbeanCommunity(CARICOM) and island states oftheregion hasled to alist ofrecommendations whichtheGMCPhas 2017, asanassessment ofMLEcapacity to respond to drugtrafficking inthesmall GMCP’s AtlanticOcean Programme willalsobeexpanding work into theCaribbeanin Ivory Coast and Benin. in thecourse of2017.Inthelonger term, Advisors may bedeployed to Cameroon, Gabon, support maritimelawenforcement agenciesinNigeria,Togo, Sierra LeoneandLiberia São Tomé andPríncipe.Itislikely thatUNODCGMCPwilldeploy furtherAdvisors to ening ofstandard operating procedures. Experts are currently deployed inGhanaand support intheplanningofsuchexercises andpotential operations, includingstrength- initiating seaoperations andinspections.EmbeddedUNODCGMCPadvisors willprovide exercises. ThiswillseeWest andCentral African maritimelawenforcement agencies Príncipe. Zone (EEZ) of São Tomé and patrolling in the Exclusive Economic the first ever inter-agency joint planning of the exercise, which led to guided the officers involved in the Tomé and Príncipe Coast Guard, GMCP’s mentor embedded in the São DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME

Upholding minimum detention standards in the custodial systems of Eastern Africa 26 26 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME State of Somalia renamed the training academy as the success ofthe training, nationalauthoritiesfrom theFederal Government andPuntland in auniqueeffort to build capacity while promoting regional integration. Asaresult ofthe administrations, including Baidoa,Mogadishu,Beledweyene, Galkayo, Garowe, and Kismayo coordination withUNSOM,UNODCbrought together custodial officers from 7Somaliregional Justice andCorrections pillaroftheSomaliCompact(PSG3).Leadingthiseffort, in activities at the Garowe Prison Training Academy, which was conducted in support of the In Puntland,thehighlightofyear was thepromotion anddelivery ofcapacity-building Puntland population brings. to meettheirdevelopment needsandto diminishthechallenges thatagrowing prison been delivered, thepurposeofwhichisto supportcustodial services inSomaliaorder mentors, hasbeenthemainforce through whichnew capacity building activitieshave minimum standards are upheld indetention facilities. In2016,theexpertise ofthe transferred from regional prosecuting states are humanely detained andthatinternational Particularly, UNODCmentors have played apivotal role inensuringthatconvicted pirates continue to bethemost powerful drivingforce behindchangesatbothprisons. The UNODCGMCPmentoring programmes established atGarowe andHargeysa Prisons Service to Prevent Violent Extremism (PVE) in prisons. programme hasbeenactively involved indeveloping strategies withtheKenya Prison with prisonauthoritiesto promote reform to thecustodial system. Finally, inKenya, the with thecustodial managementofjuveniles. InSeychelles, theprogramme isworking Somalia. In Puntland, for instance, the programme has supported national authorities where piracy detainees are currently held, including their transfer or repatriation to has especially beenmonitoring theupholding ofminimumdetention standards inprisons the region inmeetingnew challenges inthecriminaljustice sector. TheD&Tprogramme related to its mandate, ithasalsoexpanded its operations to assist prisonservices in While theprogramme hascontinued to support countries inEastern Africa in areas 2016 hasbeenavery dynamicyear for theDetention andTransfer (D&T)programme. PIRACY PRISONER TRANSFERS AND MONITORING A DYNAMIC YEAR • • • • • • Detention andTransfer Activitiesin2016: Broader PrisonReform Custodial of Administration Juveniles Prevention of Violent Extremism inprisons Prison Management Development Rule of LawProgramme to theJustice Joint andCorrectionsSupport Compact (PSG3)of theSomalia Pillarof theSomali PrisonerTransfersPiracy andMonitoring Federal Prison Training Academy. GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

The Commissioner General of Prisons, the Puntland Prison Commissioner, the Minister of Justice of

Puntland and the

Somali Attorney ANNUAL REPORT 2016 General at the opening ceremony of the Introductory Training to the Prison Inspection Regime An agreement between the Federal Custodial Authorities on carrying out capacity building activities in Puntland followed the successful organization of a Prison Inspection Capacity Regime - Introductory Training for the Somali Attorney General, Commissioner General

building of Prisons (CGP), and the Puntland Prison Commissioner, which was opened by the DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME Puntland Minister of Justice in March 2016. activities have been These capacity-building activities have been engineered to ensure sustainability. They engineered to revolve around the Training of the Trainers (ToT) approach whereby prison officers, ensure selected by custodial authorities from regional administrations, were trained on the sustainability content of UNODC’s Basic Training for Prison Officer (BTPO) course for three weeks. and promote The selected prison officers then delivered a two-week training course to prison officers, regional who also came from across Somalia. Sustainability of the training programme is ensured integration through overcoming:

1. Language barriers: trainers would replicate the training for junior officers in Somali

2. Geographical barriers: following training, the trainers would then be re-deployed to their duty stations in remote locations where international partners have no reach

3. Logistics and financial constraints for international partners: engagement would be limited to routinely following up with the trainers and delivering refreshers, if and where needed Trainees from all Somali regions To date, UNODC, in coordination with UNSOM, has participating in trained: ice-breaking activities during a Training of Trainers sessions • 13 trainers from regional administrations organized in Garowe in July & August from South Central Somalia 2016 27 28 28 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME a Federal Correctional system. that willfurtherthiseffort to establish sees more capacity-building activities these activities.For 2017,UNODCfore- moted regional cooperation through Custodial authoritiesfor havingpro- UNODC wishesto congratulate Somali • • • • • • • • • • • • • • The courses covered the following topics: • • In turn the trainers who graduated from the TOT BTPO training have trained: • cuffs/batons) Minimum use of force (hand- Gate procedures routines Definition of security as a concept, including types of security in prisons, security Visitors and contact with the outside world Supervision of inmates Prisoner discipline Escape routines search Search techniques (personal search), area (cell, building, fabric check)andvehicle Vulnerable groups Classification Role of a prison officer Standard minimum rules of the treatment of prisoners Human rights Overview of the criminal justice system by the Puntland Trainers) BTPO II:25recruits from thePuntlandCustodial Corps(course entirely delivered 6 officers from Puntland BTPO I:13officers from regional administrations from SouthCentral Somaliaand 5 trainers from Puntland in September 2016 organized in Garowe Prison Officers Basic Training for Arrival of trainees to across Somalia administrations from 7regional been trained officers have 62 custodial REHABILITATION FOCUS: ALI GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

Ali (fictitious name) has been sentenced to 24 years in prison for piracy. When asked why he is in prison, Ali explained that he had a medium size fishing vessel, with a crew of four that was apprehended at sea only six miles outside Mogadishu. The authorities confiscated the fishing equipment on the grounds that it could not be acquired in Somalia. They also claimed that he was being arrested for piracy related offenses. Ali and his crew were brought to the Seychelles and charged accordingly. He was then sentenced for piracy and served 3 years in a prison in the Seychelles. He was transferred by UNODC to the new prison in Garowe, Puntland when it opened in April 2014.

While in the Seychelles, Ali benefited from vocational training ANNUAL REPORT 2016 provided by UNODC. He also started to self-study, learning English, mathematics, and religion. Ali tried to involve other inmates by encouraging them to start their own pursuit of self-studies. When he arrived in Garowe prison, Ali became interested in first aid early on and started working with the doctor at the prison, supported by UNODC. In the beginning, he read first aid books in English. However, later on, Ali received lessons from the doctors and nurses in Garowe prison. He passed several tests and exams administered

to him by the doctors during the training. Now he assists with daily tasks in the prison, including attending to prison patients two to DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME three times a week. In addition, he also assists with daily medical check-ups and follow-ups. His tasks include helping to distribute medicine, changing and cleaning wounds, and taking patients’ blood pressure and blood samples.

He tells UNODC that he now has a full time job with the health care unit in Garowe prison. When asked about his role, he says that he feels he is learning something that can help him when he is released. He says that he now has two options when he will be released; either to become a teacher or to become a doctor.

Ali tells the UNODC that his advice to other inmates is to use the opportunity provided to them by the UNODC and start with self- studies. He believes that inmates can also help each other. As an example, he tells the UNODC about a former inmate that was released, who did not engage in self-studies or vocational training during his time at Garowe prison. This inmate is now jobless and enduring financial hardship. Ali serves as a reminder to the international community, that the importance of supporting prison development initiatives is invaluable for the Somali community. Such support ensures the rehabilitation of inmates and increases their chances of re-integration.

29 30 30 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME • • • • • • lowing topics: focus, amongotherareas, onthefol- across custodial departments and to perform allmanagerialroles The programme requires thecadets strategy of general prison management. prison leaders and the delivery of targeted sessions on management, leadership and Corps. Thecourse revolves around theselection of12cadets whoaspire to become graduated from university orwhohave theskillsandpotential to grow intheCustodial Custodial Corps by building thecapacity of young prison leaders whohave either just purpose oftheprogramme isto address themanagementneedsofSomaliland Development Programme, a12-monthprogramme developed byUNODCmentors. The The highlightof2016inSomalilandisthedevelopment anddelivery oftheManagers to meet their goals for management capacity. Prison andProbation Service atHargeysa Prison,have worked withtheCustodial Corps Since theirappointmentinAugust 2015,UNODC mentors, seconded bytheSwedish SOMALILAND Prison Management, including budges, strategic planning Human rights Corruption Security Offenders management responsibilities values, includingroles and Prison Leadership andcustodial and Probation Service the Swedish Prison mentors seconded by delivered by UNODC was developed and Corps. The training Somaliland Custodial future leaders of the Programme (MDP) for Development Managers Cadets of the prison a manager of a aspects of becoming and theoretical included practical MDP. The classes in classes for the Cadets participating of thefuture prison leaders developing Custodial Corps Somaliland UNODC andthe Programme: Development Managers The Somaliland • Accountability and oversight GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME mechanisms • Officers performance • Community engagement • Developing others

The Somaliland Custodial Corps plays a crucial role in identifying Vocational training at Hargeisa Prison course participants, and even more where prisoners importantly, ensures that the cadets learn to make bricks for construction work become an integrated part of the custodial staff, empowering them to be leaders. To date, the cadets have been progressively taking on more responsibilities as a result of being exposed to the different

ANNUAL REPORT 2016 PRISON MANAGERS FOCUS: RIDWAN AND BASHIR

RIDWAN, HEAD OF ADMINISTRATION

DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME Ridwan has been working in the Somaliland Custodial Corps for 15 years. She previously worked in the reception at Hargeysa Prison, keeping records of the prisoners as they arrived to the prison. Ridwan is one of the only females in the Management Development Programme and, has become the Head of Administration at Hargeysa Prison. She is currently in charge of recording prisoner intake with a newly implemented database at the prison. Her mentorship of the younger officers in administration has supported the development of the registration and management of prisoner records.

BASHIR, FROM GRADUATE STUDENT TO SECURITY OFFICER

Bashir is one of the cadets of the Managers Development Programme, delivered by the UNODC prison mentors. His professionalism particularly shows in his role as a manager of the security department, where he supervises other staff through their daily work.

Bashir has been very involved in the development and work of the newly established security department at Hargeysa Prison as well as the selection of its staff. Bashir has been working for the Somaliland Custodial Corps since 2009, after graduating in law from Hargeysa University. Bashir plays an important role in the security department, which is part of the UNODC PVE strategy at Hargeysa Prison.

31 32 32 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME Ambassador Martin Kimaniand Member States including, EU, Norway, the UK, and the US. Principal Secretary, MrMicah Powon, thedirector oftheNationalCounter Terrorist Centre, programming, to enhance coordination andtransparency. Themeetingwas attended bythe and actors operating in the Kenya PrisonService that have relevant CVE and PVE the Kenya Prison Service convened acoordination meetingto bringtogether organizations (NCTC) andlocal communities. Thiseffort culminated on12July 2016,whenUNODCand Kenya Prison Service and its partners, including the National Counter Terrorist Centre year inconsolidating pilot activitiesinastrategy agreed uponatthenationallevel withthe that benefited from pilot programmes inthisarea. Inthisregard, 2016hasbeenacrucial associated withviolent extremism inprisons.Kenya was thefirst country inEastern Africa prisoners, was asked bycountries intheregion to assist theminmeetingthechallenges In 2014,theGMCP, thanks to its experience inmanaginghigh-riskprisoners suchaspiracy Seychelles. to improve themanagementof theprisoners. Thishasbeenimplemented inKenya and building adatabase, a PrisonerRecord Management System, where prisoner data isrecorded inside theprison.Animportant component oftheregional engagementin2016includes will continue in2017,to supporttheprisonmanagementinPreventing Violent Extremism ern Africa. Amentor was placed atShimoLaTewa prisoninthesecond partof2016,and The UNODCGMCPhasfurtherdeveloped andengagedinregional implementation inEast- Mauritius. UNODC supported repatriations offormerly convicted Somalipirates from Kenya and States oftheburden oftheircontinued detention orpost-sentence deportation. In2016, of individualsinto theircommunities oforigin,while atthesametimerelieving prosecuting and post-sentence repatriations promote more successful rehabilitation andreintegration tence intheircountry oforiginorfollowing theirservingofthesentence. Prisonertransfers ing countries transferring andrepatriating piracy prisoners whowishedto serve theirsen- Since theestablishment oftheMCPpiracy prosecution model,UNODCsupported prosecut - and improvements to the infrastructure of Hargeisa Prison. the prisoners willsupportthemaintenance team attheprisonbycarrying outrenovations welding, domestic wiring,andplumbing.Once thetraining modules have beencompleted, to offer abetter chance ofreintegration for theprisoners. New training modules include In parallel, the D&T programme has continued to improve rehabilitation programmes supporting the cadets throughout their learning curve. congratulate theSomalilandCustodial Corpsfor fulfillingits role to date andfor the cadets are given theopportunityto choosetheircareer paths.UNODCwishesto roles anddepartments thatawell-functioning prisonshould have. Through thispath, REGIONAL ENGAGEMENT TRANSFERS KENYA 35 Kenya 12 Mauritius All parties agreed that relevant and effective programming should be appropriate, sustainable GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME and fit within an international framework as well as the Kenyan national framework and the Kenyan Prison Service strategies. Technical assistance interventions should also be aimed at improving the environment for the prisoners, as well as providing the adequate expertise and equipment to the prisons.

Vocational Training for VEPs

Infrastructural Mentoring and ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Improvements Training of Staff

UNODC’s approach to Preventing Violent Extremism revolves around 3 elements and 12 associated activities:

DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME 1. Dynamic Security

2. Prisoners’ Record Management

3. Identification of at risk group through training of prison staff on the use of a simple assessment instrument that includes static and dynamic factors, security and eligibility for rehabilitation programmes

4. Training of prison staff on the management of a tailored Rehabilitation Programme in line with its objectives and principles

5. Separate Housing of prisoners in the rehabilitation programme, incorporating small- scale incentives and privileges for participation such as enhanced visits

6. Delivery of Education Programmes, including courses in basic literacy

7. Vocational Training

8. Moderate Religious Teaching

9. Access to family

10. Pre-Release Preparation

11. Post-Release Support

33 34 34 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME population in detention for violent extremist crimes – are going to be rolled out in 2017. and Women’s prison–thelast ofwhich,asOctober 2016,represents nearly 20%ofits UNODC in2010.Comprehensive strategies to target ShimoLaTewa Main,Medium,Borstal extremism. High-risk trials are also carried out at the adjacent Shanzu Court, built by of VEPs dueto thecoastal region beingparticularly exposed to thethreat ofviolent programmes for VEPs. ShimoLaTewa Prisonpresents thehighest degree ofriskinterms database, supportingthedevelopment ofthesecuritydepartmentandrehabilitation the managementstructure, implementing thePrisonerRecord ManagementSystem out theimplementation ofthefoundational elements ofthestrategy, whichincludesreviewing In ShimoLaTewa Prison,amentor hasbeenassigned for thesecond halfof2016to roll 2016. access to rehabilitation activities.Work attheblock isgoingto befinalizedattheendof capability attheprison.HBlock willhousehigh-risk prisoners, includingVEPs within-block In KamitiPrison,UNODChasinitiated therefurbishment of‘Block H’to enhance segregation the two detention facilities. Kenya and Shimo La Tewa Prisoninthe coastal area, andalltheestablishments comprising The GMCPstrategy willbefully rolled outin2017,focusing on KamitiPrisoninCentral-East society. access to vocational training to improve theirchance ofrehabilitation andreintegration to rehabilitation programme for eachindividualprisonerisidentified.Prisoners are given System (PRMS). Next, sentence planning is provided to each individual prisoner where a starts attheintake process, where prisoners are recorded inaPrisoners Record Management vulnerable prisoners to reduce the risk of radical elements influencing others. This procedure purpose ofthementoring programme isto identifyViolent Extremist Prisoners (VEP)and target establishments, includingsecurity, intake/reception, andprisonindustries. The The maindriver behindthestrategy isfull-timementoring for key prisondepartments in 12. Full time prison mentor the renovations Right: H-Block at Kimiti Prison after the renovations Left: H-Block at Kimiti Prison before Kamiti Prison in Charge at Kisingu, Officer them.” Henry that can help programmes engage themin where can we safe place prisoners ina “We need SEYCHELLES GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

UNODC D&T Programme is supporting the Seychelles Prison Service with the development of a new management and organizational structure and with reviewing and revising the expiring Strategic Plan to ensure that it will provide a firm basis for the future development of the service. The UNODC D&T holds, through its development and implementation of Prisoner Record Management System, expertise in developing and implementing databases to support the criminal justice sector.

THE END OF A NIGHTMARE

The 23 October 2016 marked an important milestone in the era of modern piracy off the coast of Somalia as freedom was secured for the crew of the Omani fishing vessel Naham 3. The 26 crew members from Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam had been held hostage for four and a half years. ANNUAL REPORT 2016

During the 54 months of captivity, the Naham 3 crew lost three members. One was killed during the hijacking and two succumbed to illness. Their release was at long last secured through the hard work of members of the Somali community, Galmudug and Puntland state authorities, and with the assistance of the Hostage Support Partners (HSP); a group made up of a number of private and public organizations, including Oceans Beyond Piracy, Compass Risk, the UNODC, and UNHAS.

While in captivity, UNODC GMCP delivered food and medicine to the Naham 3 crew through DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME intermediaries in Somalia. On the day of their release, UNODC GMCP organized immediate evacuation of the 26 surviving crew from Somalia to Nairobi where they were placed in the care of officials from their respective embassies.

The crew of the Naham 3 leaving Somalia after four and a half years of captivity

35 36 36 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME sailors in the hands of Somali pirates becomes a closed chapter in history. vigilant inkeeping withBest ManagementPractices inorder to ensure thatthesuffering of community andSomaliGovernment continue efforts to repress piracy andtheindustry stay to released hostages long after theirreturn home.Itistherefore vital thattheinternational effects and financial implications of the years of captivity continue to pose great challenges GMCP’s experience withhostage supportsince 2012,however, shows thatthepsychological Four andahalfterrible years ofcaptivity are finally over for thecrew oftheNaham3. for piracy to return. lack ofcontrol over landand maritimezonescontinue to create theconditions necessary communities over thecontinued exploitation ofSomalifisheriesbyinternational fishingand Progress madecan, however, beeasily reversed asgrievances felt inSomalifishing international actors, we are now approaching thetarget of“zero hostages/ zero ships” Through resolute andcohesive actionbytheSomaliGovernment andanumberof MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS UNIT

Enable the Global Maritime Crime Programme to deliver its quality support to our counterparts worldwide 38 38 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2016 DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME that supports activitiessuchasaccounts andbudgetmanagement,humanresources for ‘unity’, andis anall-encompassing integrated Enterprise Resource Planningsystem streamlining UNbusiness processes. Thesystem isnamedUmoja-theSwahili word In November 2015, theGMCP, aspartoftheUNSecretariat, introduced anew way of changed name to the Global Maritime Crime Programme. maritime crimeingeneral in2014and,order to reflect thisincreased coverage, as theCounter Piracy Programme. TheProgramme expanded thematically to cover The Global Programme, whichiscurrently basedinNairobi, Kenya, started inMay 2009 close to $13 million USD to 30 countries & territories worldwide. network across the Indian Ocean, the GMCP has delivered technical assistance worth course of2016.From mentoring prisonpersonnel inSomalia,to building upaprosecutor The GMCPcontinued its geographical expansion andthematicdiversification inthe MANEUVERING THROUGH THE TRICKY PATHS OF UN FINANCES GMCPDELIVERY 2009TO 2016 [US$] 10 000 12 000 14 000 16 000 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000 0 2009 Expenditure Year 2010 Lesser Antilles Barbados/ Caribbean: 2011 2012 Togo São Tomé andPríncipe Nigeria Ivory Coast Ghana Gabon Cameroon Benin Atlantic: 2013 Lebanon Italy Mediterranean: 2014 Indian Ocean: 2015 2016 Vietnam Tanzania Sri Lanka Somaliland Somalia South Africa Seychelles Puntland Philippines Pakistan Mozambique Maldives Malaysia Madagascar Kenya Indonesia Iran Comoros Bangladesh & Pacific: Indian Ocean management, supply chain management, central support services, and other core GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME functions. An internet based system developed for the UN, it provides a financially integrated and robust centralized system which will allow the UN to better manage its personnel, resources, assets, and finances. Its potential benefits to the GMCP operations in the mid- to long-term are projected to be significant – going far beyond the organizational efforts to provide for donor reporting by pledge or substantial programme output in real time.

However, it is no surprise that the implementation of the biggest administrative reform in the UN since its foundation in 1945 caused some administrative challenges for the GMCP Management & Analysis Unit (M&A). The M&A was, however, prepared to the greatest extent possible for the transition through staff training, networking with UN entities already live in Umoja, and keeping the existing office’s backup monitoring tools. These measures mitigated the negative effects and ensured the solid running of the GMCP back office. GMCP anticipates easier and more timely reporting to our partners ANNUAL REPORT 2016 in 2017.

The GMCP has been supported by a total of 17 donors since the programme started in 2009. This very broad donor base helps to keep the Programme involved in relevant and diverse issues of maritime crime on a global scale. New collaboration in 2016 includes the Government of Japan, who supported MLE training in Seychelles for IOFMC Member States and the Government of Sweden with which the GMCP is working closely to improve prison management in Somalia through the deployment of Swedish Prison DETENTION AND TRANSFER PROGRAMME Mentors. The GMCP is grateful for the continued donor support and confidence in the Programme and its team.

CPP/MCP/GMCP CONTRIBUTIONS 2009 - 2016

Arsenault Foundation 46,299 Australia 2,814,601 Canada 716,152 Denmark 8,050,607 European Union 12,270,075 Finland 259,209 France 94,340 Germany 1,839,689 Italy 22,198 Japan 500,000 MPTF 2,506,418 Netherlands 12,084,097 Norway 7,932,695 Sweden 117,800 Trust Fund 15,641,902 United Kingdom 23,014,131 United States 9,648,520 Interest 23,056

39 40 40 GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2015 1958-2016 Ibrahim Koshin IN MEMORY OF OUR CHERISHED COLLEGUES 1962-2017 Mohamed “Abokor” Mahmoud GLOBAL MARITIME CRIME PROGRAMME

CONTACTS If you would like to know more about the work that UNODC is doing to support States to combat maritime crime, please see www.unodc.org/unodc/en/piracy/index.html

Head of Global Maritime Crime Programme: Alan Cole For inquiries please contact: [email protected]