Alemdar Mustafa Paşa'nin Devlet Hayati

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Alemdar Mustafa Paşa'nin Devlet Hayati T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ALEMDAR MUSTAFA PAŞA’NIN DEVLET HAYATI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Mehmet ALKAN Enstitü Anabilim Dalı : Tarih Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Yakınçağ Tarihi Tez Danışmanı : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Turgut SUBAŞI HAZİRAN-2011 BEYAN Bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, baĢkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya baĢka bir üniversitede baĢka bir tez çalıĢması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Mehmet ALKAN 24/06/2011 ÖNSÖZ Bu çalıĢma dört bölümden oluĢmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Osmanlı Devleti’nde âyanlık müessesesi incelendi. Ġkinci bölümde Kabakçı Mustafa isyanı, IV. Mustafa’nın tahta çıkıĢı, Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa’nın Kabakçı Mustafa’yı öldürmesi, Serdarı Ekrem ile Ġstanbul’a hareketleri ve bu hususta Ruscuk Yaranı’nın faaliyetleri, Ġstanbul’a geliĢi ve isyancıların öldürülmesi üzerinde duruldu. Üçüncü bölümde ise Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa’nın Babıâli baskını, III. Selim’in Ģehit edilmesi, II. Mahmud’un tahta çıkması, Alemdar’ın sadrazamlığı, Sened-i Ġttifak’ın imzalanması ve Sekban’ı Cedit’in kurulması üzerinde duruldu. Bu çalıĢmanın son bölümü olan dördüncü bölümde de Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa’nın ölümü ve yaĢanan olaylar hakkında detaylı bilgi verildi. Bu çalıĢma yapılırken Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa ile ilgili orijinal bilgilere sahip olmak amacıyla BaĢbakanlık Osmanlı ArĢivi’nden yararlanılmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmamızda dönemin vekayinüvis tarihçilerinin çalıĢmaları ile arĢiv belgelerini karĢılaĢtırarak nesnel bilgiler vermeye özen gösterdik. Ayrıca çalıĢmada konumuza ıĢık tutan kitap ve makâle gibi eserlerde ihmal edilmemiĢtir. ÇalıĢmamızın her aĢamasında yakın ilgi ve desteğini gördüğüm değerli hocam Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Turgut SUBAġIYA, ArĢiv belgelerinin okunmasında yardımlarını gördüğüm Yrd. Doç. Dr. M. Hüdai ġENTÜRK’e, çalıĢma sırasında fikir ve yönlendirmeleri ile bana destek olan Doç. Dr. Ebubekir SOFUOĞLU’na ve bunun yanında benden hiçbir yardımı ve desteği esirgemeyen sevgili aileme ve saygı değer arkadaĢlarım Melik ARVASĠ, Beytullah ÇELĠK, Muhsin ILIK ve abim Nesim ALKAN’a ve son olarak da AraĢtırmalarım esnasında her türlü kolaylığı sağlayan BaĢbakanlık Osmanlı ArĢivi, Ġslam Stratejiler AraĢtırma Merkezi Kütüphanesi, Ġstanbul Üniversitesi Merkez Kütüphanesi ve Sakarya Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi personeline teĢekkürü bir borç bilirim. Mehmet ALKAN 24/06/2011 İÇİNDEKİLER KISALTMALAR ......................................................................................................... iii ÖZET ............................................................................................................................. iv SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. v GİRİŞ ............................................................................................................................ 1 BÖLÜM 1: OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE ÂYANLIK MÜESSESESİ ..................... 6 1.1. Osmanlı Devleti’nde Âyanlık ................................................................................. 6 1.1.1. “Âyan” Kelimesinin Anlamı ve Kullanımı ................................................... 6 1.1.2. Osmanlı Devleti’nde Âyanlığın gelişimi ...................................................... 7 1.1.3. Âyanlık Seçimi .............................................................................................. 23 1.1.4. Âyanlığın Sona Ermesi ................................................................................. 30 1.1.5. Ruscuk Âyanı Tirsinikli oğlu İsmail Ağa’nın Ölümü ve Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın Âyanlığa Geçmesi ........................................................................ 35 BÖLÜM 2: KABAKÇI MUSTAFA İSYANI VE ALEMDAR MUSTAFA PAŞA ...................................................................................................... 50 2.1. İsyanın Sebepleri ..................................................................................................... 50 2.2. İsyanın Çıkışı .......................................................................................................... 56 2.3. Ruscuk Yaranı’nın Faaliyetleri ............................................................................... 60 2.4. İsyanın Sonuçları ..................................................................................................... 68 2.5. Dördüncü Mustafa’nın Tahta Çıkışı ve Asilerin Tayinleri ve Ödüller ................... 73 2.6. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın Serdarı Ekrem ile İstanbul’a Hareketleri ve Bu Hususta Ruscuk Yaranı’nın Faaliyetleri ................................................................. 75 2.7. Kabakçı Mustafa Paşa’nın Öldürülmesi.................................................................. 76 2.8. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın İstanbul’a gelişi ve İsyancıların Cezalandırılması ...... 79 BÖLÜM 3: ALEMDAR MUSTAFA PAŞA’NIN BABIÂLİ BASKINI VE II. MAHMUT’UN TAHTA ÇIKIŞI ...................................................... 83 3.1. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın Babıâli Baskını, Yaşanan Olaylar ve III. Selim’in Şehit Edilmesi ....................................................................................................... 83 3.2. IV. Mustafa’nın Hal’ Edilmesiyle II. Mahmut’un Tahta Çıkışı ............................. 87 i 3.3. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın Sadrazamlığı ............................................................... 90 3.4. Ayanların İstanbul’a Gelişi Sened-i İttifakın İmzalanması ..................................... 93 3.5. Sekban-ı Cedit ....................................................................................................... 101 BÖLÜM 4: ALEMDAR MUSTAFA PAŞA’NIN ÖLÜMÜ ................................... 103 4.1. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa ve Ruscuk Yaranı’nın Amaçlarından Sapması, Zevk ve Sefaya Dalmaları ................................................................................................... 103 4.2. Alemdara Karşı çıkan Yeniçerilerin isyan Sebepleri ve İsyan Hazırlığı .............. 104 4.4. Yeniçerilerin Babıâli Baskını ve Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın İntiharı .................. 107 4.5. Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın ................................................................................... 112 4.5.1. Kişiliği. ........................................................................................................ 113 4.5.2. Ailesi ........................................................................................................... 116 4.5.3. Mezarı ......................................................................................................... 118 SONUÇ ........................................................................................................................ 120 KAYNAKÇA .............................................................................................................. 136 EKLER ........................................................................................................................ 144 ÖZGEÇMİŞ ................................................................................................................ 187 ii KISALTMALAR A.g.e. : Adı geçen eser A.g.m. : Adı geçen makale A. MKT. NZD. : Sadaret Mektubî Kalemi Nezaret ve Devâir Belgeleri C. AS. : Cevdet Askeriye C. DH : Cevdet Dâhiliye C.ML. : Cevdet Maliye C.NF : Cevdet Nafia C.S.M. : Cevdet Saray C.TZ. : Cevdet Tımar HAT : Hatt-ı Humayun İ.MBH. : Îradeler Mabeyn-i Hümayun iii SAÜ, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tez Özeti Tezin Başlığı : Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’nın Devlet Hayatı Tezin Yazarı : Mehmet Alkan Danışman : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Turgut Subaşı Kabul Tarihi : 24 Haziran 2011 Sayfa Sayısı : v (ön kısım) + 144 (Tez) + 43 (Ekler) Anabilimdalı : Tarih Bilimdalı : Yakınçağ Tarihi Alemdar Mustafa Paşa 1765 yılında Hotin’de doğdu. Hacı Hasan Ağa’nın oğludur. Babası gibi Yeniçeri Ocağı’na girmiştir. Daha sonra Tirsinikli İsmail Ağa’nın hizmetine girmiştir. Kısa sürede Efendisinin güvenini kazanıp, kabiliyeti sayesinde hızla yükselmiştir. Alemdar Mustafa’nın lakabı İsmail Efendisine bayraktarlık yapmasından ileri gelir. Alemdar Mustafa kazandığı başarılarla önce Hassa Silahşörü rütbesi (1799) daha sonra Kapıcıbaşılık rütbesini (1803) bir müddet sonra da Hezargrad âyanlığına tayin edilmiştir. Alemdar Mustafa, Tirsinikli İsmail’in ölümü üzerine onun yerine Ruscuk âyanı oldu (1806). Bu sırada başlayan Rusya savaşı sırasında Rumeli’de oluşan zafiyet dolayısıyla III. Selim tarafından Alemdar Mustafa’ya önce vezirlik rütbesi ve Silistre valiliği daha sonra Tuna Seraskerliği verilmiştir (Şubat 1807) Bu savaş sırasında tertiplenen Kabakçı Mustafa isyanı neticesinde III. Selim tahttan indirilip, Nizam-ı Cedit’e son verilip IV. Mustafa tahta çıkarılmıştır. Bu sırada İstanbul’da ve orduda Nizam-ı Cedit ricali avı başlamıştır. Bunun üzerine Ruscuk Yaranı denilen kişiler Alemdar Mustafa Paşa’ya sığınmışlardır. Daha sonra Alemdar Mustafa’yla anlaşan Ruscuk Yaranı III. Selim’i tekrar tahta çıkarmak için İstanbul’a gelmeyi başarmışlardır. Alemdar Mustafa İstanbul’a varmadan önce adamını gönderip Kabakçı Mustafa’yı öldürtmüştür. Kendisinin yerine Alemdar Mustafa’nın III. Selim’i tahta çıkaracağını anlayan IV. Mustafa, III. Selim ve II. Mahmud’un öldürülmeleri için emir vermiştir. III. Selim’i öldürtmüş ama II: Mahmud kurtulmayı başarmıştır. Padişah olan II. Mahmud, Alemdar’ı sadrazam yapmıştır. Sadrazam olan Alemdar Mustafa Paşa âyanları toplayarak Sened-i İttifak denen belgeyi oluşturmuş ve Sekban-ı Cedid
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