The Case of Said Nursi
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The Political Ideas of Derviş Vahdeti As Reflected in Volkan Newspaper (1908-1909)
THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) by TALHA MURAT Submitted to the Graduate School of Social Sciences in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University AUGUST 2020 THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) Approved by: Assoc. Prof. Selçuk Akşin Somel . (Thesis Supervisor) Assist. Prof. Ayşe Ozil . Assist. Prof. Fatih Bayram . Date of Approval: August 10, 2020 TALHA MURAT 2020 c All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE POLITICAL IDEAS OF DERVİŞ VAHDETİ AS REFLECTED IN VOLKAN NEWSPAPER (1908-1909) TALHA MURAT TURKISH STUDIES M.A. THESIS, AUGUST 2020 Thesis Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Selçuk Akşin Somel Keywords: Derviş Vahdeti, Volkan, Pan-Islamism, Ottomanism, Political Islam The aim of this study is to reveal and explore the political ideas of Derviş Vahdeti (1870-1909) who was an important and controversial actor during the first months of the Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918). Starting from 11 December 1908, Vahdeti edited a daily newspaper, named Volkan (Volcano), until 20 April 1909. He personally published a number of writings in Volkan, and expressed his ideas on multiple subjects ranging from politics to the social life in the Ottoman Empire. His harsh criticism that targeted the policies of the Ottoman Committee of Progress and Union (CUP, Osmanlı İttihâd ve Terakki Cemiyeti) made him a serious threat for the authority of the CUP. Vahdeti later established an activist and religion- oriented party, named Muhammadan Union (İttihâd-ı Muhammedi). Although he was subject to a number of studies on the Second Constitutional Period due to his alleged role in the 31 March Incident of 1909, his ideas were mostly ignored and/or he was labelled as a religious extremist (mürteci). -
The Second Group in the First Turkish Grand National Assembly I. Dönem
GAUN JSS The Second Group in the First Turkish Grand National Assembly I. Dönem Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde İkinci Grup Gülay SARIÇOBAN* Abstract The First Turkish Grand National Assembly, called the First Parliament in the history of our Republic, is the most significant and important mission of our recent history. In fact, it is an extraordinary assembly that has achieved such a challenging task as the National Struggle with an endless effort. The ideas contained within each community reflect the pains they have experienced during the development process. Different ideas and methods gave the Parliament a colorful and dynamic structure. We can call the struggle between the First and Second Groups in the First Parliament as the pro-secular progressives and the reigners who defended the Otto- man order. The first group represented the power and the second group represented the opposition. Therefore, the First Group was the implementing side and the Second Group was a critic of these practices. The Second Group argued that in terms of their ideas, not just of their time, has also been the source of many political con- flicts in the Republic of Turkey. Thus, the Second Group has marked the next political developments. The Se- cond Group, which played such an important role, forced us to do such work. Our aim is to put forward the task undertaken by the Second Group until its dissolution. In this study, we try to evaluate the Second Group with the ideas it represents, its effectiveness within the Parliament and its contribution to the political developments. -
M. Kemal Atatürk's Homesickness for Thessaloniki, His City of Birth
ISSN 1712-8358[Print] Cross-Cultural Communication ISSN 1923-6700[Online] Vol. 12, No. 9, 2016, pp. 1-9 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/8785 www.cscanada.org M. Kemal Atatürk’s Homesickness for Thessaloniki, His City of Birth Sinan Çaya[a],* [a]Ph.D., Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, always been prone to hero-worshipping ever since the era Istanbul, Turkey. of successive glorious sultans) invariably consider him *Corresponding author. supra-human! Received 14 June 2016; accepted 19 August 2016 [At the end of the First World War, The Mudros] Published online 26 September 2016 armistice obligated the Ottoman military to demobilize its combat units quickly, the actual demobilization Abstract proceeded slowly and came to a full stop with the start of As Atatürk, the founder of Modern Turkey, grew older; a new war—this time to save what was remained of the he more and more missed his home-city Salonika and its empire in 1919-1921—against Greek, French, Italian, and surroundings. The loss of his home-city during the Balkan Armenian forces. Wars further aggravated his passionate nostalgia. Some of A new generation of combat-tested battlefield his behavior patterns as narrated in history, reveal us his commanders, under the supreme leadership of Mustafa homesickness openly. On various occasions; the meals, Kemal Pasha, found a willing audience within the ranks the accent, and the entire culture of his region with its of the postwar Ottoman military. Most of the surviving songs and ballads; always moved the spirit in him, deeply. Ottoman officers (including reserves and retirees), as well Despite his deliberate emphasis of his logic most of the as the conscripts, were drawn to the nationalist cause (Uyar time, in reality, he was a man full of tender feelings. -
'A Reign of Terror'
‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam, Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ June 2005 ‘A Reign of Terror’ CUP Rule in Diyarbekir Province, 1913-1923 Uğur Ü. Üngör University of Amsterdam Department of History Master’s thesis ‘Holocaust and Genocide Studies’ Supervisors: Prof. Johannes Houwink ten Cate, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Dr. Karel Berkhoff, Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies June 2005 2 Contents Preface 4 Introduction 6 1 ‘Turkey for the Turks’, 1913-1914 10 1.1 Crises in the Ottoman Empire 10 1.2 ‘Nationalization’ of the population 17 1.3 Diyarbekir province before World War I 21 1.4 Social relations between the groups 26 2 Persecution of Christian communities, 1915 33 2.1 Mobilization and war 33 2.2 The ‘reign of terror’ begins 39 2.3 ‘Burn, destroy, kill’ 48 2.4 Center and periphery 63 2.5 Widening and narrowing scopes of persecution 73 3 Deportations of Kurds and settlement of Muslims, 1916-1917 78 3.1 Deportations of Kurds, 1916 81 3.2 Settlement of Muslims, 1917 92 3.3 The aftermath of the war, 1918 95 3.4 The Kemalists take control, 1919-1923 101 4 Conclusion 110 Bibliography 116 Appendix 1: DH.ŞFR 64/39 130 Appendix 2: DH.ŞFR 87/40 132 Appendix 3: DH.ŞFR 86/45 134 Appendix 4: Family tree of Y.A. 136 Maps 138 3 Preface A little less than two decades ago, in my childhood, I became fascinated with violence, whether it was children bullying each other in school, fathers beating up their daughters for sneaking out on a date, or the omnipresent racism that I did not understand at the time. -
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915
Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 i v ABSTRACT Rethinking Genocide: Violence and Victimhood in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1915 by Yektan Turkyilmaz Department of Cultural Anthropology Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Orin Starn, Supervisor ___________________________ Baker, Lee ___________________________ Ewing, Katherine P. ___________________________ Horowitz, Donald L. ___________________________ Kurzman, Charles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Cultural Anthropology in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Yektan Turkyilmaz 2011 Abstract This dissertation examines the conflict in Eastern Anatolia in the early 20th century and the memory politics around it. It shows how discourses of victimhood have been engines of grievance that power the politics of fear, hatred and competing, exclusionary -
1 the Turks and Europe by Gaston Gaillard London: Thomas Murby & Co
THE TURKS AND EUROPE BY GASTON GAILLARD LONDON: THOMAS MURBY & CO. 1 FLEET LANE, E.C. 1921 1 vi CONTENTS PAGES VI. THE TREATY WITH TURKEY: Mustafa Kemal’s Protest—Protests of Ahmed Riza and Galib Kemaly— Protest of the Indian Caliphate Delegation—Survey of the Treaty—The Turkish Press and the Treaty—Jafar Tayar at Adrianople—Operations of the Government Forces against the Nationalists—French Armistice in Cilicia—Mustafa Kemal’s Operations—Greek Operations in Asia Minor— The Ottoman Delegation’s Observations at the Peace Conference—The Allies’ Answer—Greek Operations in Thrace—The Ottoman Government decides to sign the Treaty—Italo-Greek Incident, and Protests of Armenia, Yugo-Slavia, and King Hussein—Signature of the Treaty – 169—271 VII. THE DISMEMBERMENT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: 1. The Turco-Armenian Question - 274—304 2. The Pan-Turanian and Pan-Arabian Movements: Origin of Pan-Turanism—The Turks and the Arabs—The Hejaz—The Emir Feisal—The Question of Syria—French Operations in Syria— Restoration of Greater Lebanon—The Arabian World and the Caliphate—The Part played by Islam - 304—356 VIII. THE MOSLEMS OF THE FORMER RUSSIAN EMPIRE AND TURKEY: The Republic of Northern Caucasus—Georgia and Azerbaïjan—The Bolshevists in the Republics of Caucasus and of the Transcaspian Isthmus—Armenians and Moslems - 357—369 IX. TURKEY AND THE SLAVS: Slavs versus Turks—Constantinople and Russia - 370—408 2 THE TURKS AND EUROPE I THE TURKS The peoples who speak the various Turkish dialects and who bear the generic name of Turcomans, or Turco-Tatars, are distributed over huge territories occupying nearly half of Asia and an important part of Eastern Europe. -
Asimi) Qawasim Confederation Migrates to the Coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian Littoral
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1700 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context In the early 1700s, the (Al-Qasimi) Qawasim confederation migrates to the coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian littoral. Here, they establish their main base in Julfar (later Ras al-Khaimah), soon extending their sway all along the lower Gulf, across areas of the east coast and towns on the Persian littoral. 1765 - 1800 Saudi Arabia Political Context In 1765 Imam Muhammad bin Saud establishes the First Saudi State in Arabia, starting with the Najd region, and making its capital the city of Dir‘iyya. 1782 - 1813 Tunisia Political Context During the reign of Hammuda Pasha Bey, known as the “Founder” of modern Tunisia, the Regency of Tunis enjoys a thriving economy and an overall sense of security. 1790 - 1800 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context Between around 1790 and the early 1800s, threatened by increasing British inroads into traditional Gulf economies and politics, and supported by the Persians and Omanis, the Qawasim attack British vessels to defend their economic empire in the Lower Gulf. 1797 Austria Political Context Austria and France conclude the Treaty of Campo Formio on 17 October. Austria then cedes to Belgium and Lombardy. To compensate, it gains the eastern part of the Venetian Republic up to the Adige, including Venice, Istria and Dalmatia. 1800 - 1803 Saudi Arabia Political Context Most parts of Arabia become part of the new Saudi State. In 1803, The two holy cities of Mecca (Makkah) and Medina (Madinah), along with the rest of the Hijaz region, join the Saudi State. -
Foreword Introduction: Ł'orient N'existe
Notes Foreword 1. John Jay Chapman, Practical Agitation, New York: Charles Scribner & Sons 1900, pp. 63–64. 2. See Walter Lippman, Public Opinion, Charleston: BiblioLife 2008. 3. When, in the Summer of 2013, Western European states grounded Evo Morales’ presidential plane on which he was returning from Moscow to Bolivia, suspecting that Edward Snowden was hidden in it on his way to the Bolivian exile, the most humiliating aspect was the Europeans’ attempt to retain their dignity: instead of openly admitting that they were acting under US pressure, or pretending that they were simply following the law, they jus- tified the grounding on pure technicalities, claiming that the flight was not properly registered in their air traffic control. The effect was miserable—the Europeans not only appeared as US servants, they even wanted to cover up their servitude with ridiculous technicalities. Introduction: Ł’Orient n’existe pas 1. The direct result of the 2002 Patriot Act was the 779 detainees in Guantanamo, most of them Muslim and many of them non-combatants, without any access to counsel or habeas corpus, against all international conventions (Chossudovsky 2004). Some of these people allegedly committed sui- cide. Despite President Obama’s promises during both his campaigns, the Guantanamo Camp is still open and functioning. 2. It is not a mere coincidence that Herbert’s Dune (1965) became, almost 50 years later, a perfect, prophetic and almost allegorical metaphor for the Orient subverting the existence of the ‘Empire’, another Lacanian letter eventually arriving at its destination. 3. The same process in the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, although similar in certain respects, is outside the scope of this study. -
Alemdar Mustafa Paşa'nin Devlet Hayati
T.C. SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ALEMDAR MUSTAFA PAŞA’NIN DEVLET HAYATI YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Mehmet ALKAN Enstitü Anabilim Dalı : Tarih Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Yakınçağ Tarihi Tez Danışmanı : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Turgut SUBAŞI HAZİRAN-2011 BEYAN Bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, baĢkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya baĢka bir üniversitede baĢka bir tez çalıĢması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Mehmet ALKAN 24/06/2011 ÖNSÖZ Bu çalıĢma dört bölümden oluĢmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Osmanlı Devleti’nde âyanlık müessesesi incelendi. Ġkinci bölümde Kabakçı Mustafa isyanı, IV. Mustafa’nın tahta çıkıĢı, Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa’nın Kabakçı Mustafa’yı öldürmesi, Serdarı Ekrem ile Ġstanbul’a hareketleri ve bu hususta Ruscuk Yaranı’nın faaliyetleri, Ġstanbul’a geliĢi ve isyancıların öldürülmesi üzerinde duruldu. Üçüncü bölümde ise Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa’nın Babıâli baskını, III. Selim’in Ģehit edilmesi, II. Mahmud’un tahta çıkması, Alemdar’ın sadrazamlığı, Sened-i Ġttifak’ın imzalanması ve Sekban’ı Cedit’in kurulması üzerinde duruldu. Bu çalıĢmanın son bölümü olan dördüncü bölümde de Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa’nın ölümü ve yaĢanan olaylar hakkında detaylı bilgi verildi. Bu çalıĢma yapılırken Alemdar Mustafa PaĢa ile ilgili orijinal bilgilere sahip olmak amacıyla BaĢbakanlık Osmanlı ArĢivi’nden yararlanılmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmamızda dönemin vekayinüvis tarihçilerinin çalıĢmaları ile arĢiv belgelerini karĢılaĢtırarak nesnel bilgiler vermeye özen gösterdik. Ayrıca çalıĢmada konumuza ıĢık tutan kitap ve makâle gibi eserlerde ihmal edilmemiĢtir. ÇalıĢmamızın her aĢamasında yakın ilgi ve desteğini gördüğüm değerli hocam Sayın Yrd. Doç. Dr. Turgut SUBAġIYA, ArĢiv belgelerinin okunmasında yardımlarını gördüğüm Yrd. Doç. Dr. M. -
Some Notes on the Life of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi
American International Journal of Available online at http://www.iasir.net Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences ISSN (Print): 2328-3734, ISSN (Online): 2328-3696, ISSN (CD-ROM): 2328-3688 AIJRHASS is a refereed, indexed, peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary and open access journal published by International Association of Scientific Innovation and Research (IASIR), USA (An Association Unifying the Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Some Notes on the Life of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi Qaisar Mohammad Lecturer, Departmnet of Higher Education, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir, India. Abstract: Bediuzzaman Said Nursi was a profound Muslim thinker and revivalist, whose teachings (Risale-i Nur) and ideology are still being followed today. His life is full of enthusiasm and energy through his contribution to the maturation and development of Turkish society. He encountered problems similar to those faced by other Muslim thinkers in other parts of the Islamic world in the 19th century. Nursi was arrested several times and tried on charges of trying to organize an Islamic political party but he was always acquitted by the courts. He lived a life of struggle and harassment but never acted violently and never allowed his students to respond with violence unlike many other Muslim reformers and thinkers. He created a strong, but nonviolent, movement. The strong opposition of the government to religion as opposed to Nursi’s firm stand against any irreligiosity certainly made him a symbol of religious movement in Turkey. Keywords: Islamic Studies, Said Nursi, Risale-i Nur, Ottoman Empire I. Introduction Nursi was born in 1876 in Nurs, a village in township of Isparit sub province of Hizan, the province of Bitlis in the Eastern part of the Ottoman Empire. -
The Ulema, Waqf, and Ottoman State (1789-1839)
ELITE CONFIGURATIONS AND CLUSTERS OF POWER: THE ULEMA, WAQF, AND OTTOMAN STATE (1789-1839) by Selim Argun Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montréal January, 2013 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, McGill University, Montréal in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Selim Argun 2013 wāw), the twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet is considered to have) ﻭ mystical qualities. A saintly saying warns the faithful against words that begin with this letter by drawing attention to the sense of heavy responsibility and perils of accountability attached to their meanings. For example, waqf (religious endowment), waṣāyah (will/trusteeship), wirāthah (inheritance), wakālah (legal representation), wadīah (entrustment), wizārah (ministry), are words one must approach with utmost care when using them in his/her daily life. It is even recommended that one should refrain from seeking a career in these professions. There is, however, even more to say about the mystery of the wāw. 1 According to the discipline of ebced,0F the numerical value of this letter is 6 and the pair of two wāws (66) are equal to the words Allah and Lale (tulip) in its arithmetical sense. This is why the two figures are often mixed in Ottoman architectural designs and decorative ornamentations. Moreover, the purpose of the two facing wāws engraved above the shortened door of imperial loges of 1 The first of several mnemonic formulas designed to help one learn the numerical values assigned to the letters of the Arabic alphabet. ii Ottoman mosques where the powerful Sultans performed their prayers in seclusion, called hünkâr mahfili, was to remind them greatness of the Almighty while they were forced to enter in a bowed position. -
HC Dissertation Final
Distribution Agreement In presenting this thesis or dissertation as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Emory University, I hereby grant to Emory University and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive, make accessible, and display my thesis or dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known, including display on the world wide web. I understand that I may select some access restrictions as part of the online submission of this thesis or dissertation. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis or dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. Signature: _____________________________ ________________ Date A Muslim Humanist of the Ottoman Empire: Ismail Hakki Bursevi and His Doctrine of the Perfect Man By Hamilton Cook Doctor of Philosophy Islamic Civilizations Studies _________________________________________ Professor Vincent J. Cornell Advisor _________________________________________ Professor Ruby Lal Committee Member _________________________________________ Professor Devin J. Stewart Committee Member Accepted: _________________________________________ Lisa A. Tedesco, Ph.D. Dean of the James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies ___________________ Date A Muslim Humanist of the Ottoman Empire: Ismail Hakki Bursevi and His Doctrine of the Perfect Man By Hamilton Cook M.A. Brandeis University, 2013 B.A., Brandeis University, 2012 Advisor: Vincent J. Cornell, Ph.D.