HESPERIA 78 (2OO9) A NEW ATHENIAN Pages 405-419 EPHEBIC LIST

Agora I 7545

ABSTRACT

a or Agora I 7545, fragmentary ephebic list of the late 1st century b.c. early 1st century a.d., records the names of six individuals, at least three ofwhom are otherwise unattested. The document honors ephebic officers and a trainer known from other inscriptions,Menis(s)kos of Kolonai. Two ephebes, Dio son nysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion and Gorgias son ofArchitimos of Sphettos, appear to be related tomembers of thegenos of theKerykes recorded in IEleusis 300 of 20/19 b.c. The inscription demands a reassessment of the careers dates and ofMeniskos and Dionysodoros, and raises questions about the constituency of theKerykes in the Early Roman period.

is a Presented here the editioprinceps ofAgora I 7545, fragmentary ephebic list found in theAthenian Agora in 1982.1 The list is similar in both form content to + an and IG IP 1965 3730, ephebic list of ca. 45-40 b.c., and some are of the individuals named apparently related to members of the a genos of the Kerykes listed in IEleusis 300, decree of 20/19 b.c in honor of the text daduch Themistokles. Although the is brief, the inscription has important prosopographical and chronological implications, which I ex amine in detail in the discussion that follows.

I 7545: FRAGMENT OF EPHEBIC LIST

Agora I 7545 Figs. 1,2 P.H. m 0.298, p.W. (excluding tenon) 0.411 (top)-0.423, p.Th. 0.087 L.H. Lines 1-4: omicron 0.007-phi 0.013; lines 5-8: omicron 0.004 m upsilon 0.008

1.1 would like to thank McK. scholars have been in or John Many gracious Tracy. Portions the entirety of this II, director of the Exca their inmatters article were read and Camp Agora sharing expertise epi improved by vations, for to this and permission publish graphical prosopographical, espe Stephanie Larson, Andronike Makres, A version of Sean G. inscription. preliminary cially Byrne, Simone Follet, Molly Richardson,Ronald S. Stroud, this was in 2006 at the M. Stefanie A. H. Ken and two referees. study presented Nigel Kennell, anonymous Hesperia annual of the Classical Asso Andronike Richard I am to all these meeting nell, Makres,Molly grateful colleagues for ciation of theMidwest and South. son, Ronald S. and V. their Stroud, Stephen extremely helpful suggestions.

? The American School of Classical Studies at Athens 4?6 KEVIN F. DALY

Bottom of tenon at blue-gray tapering marble stele; base. Top broken away. Small chips missing from inscribed face and sides. Left side preserved and finished with stippling. Right side preserved and finished smooth. Back roughly flattened. Bottom picked flat, and smoothed at bottom of tenon. Inscribed face finished smooth, but evidence of clawed tool just above tenon tenon; vertical faces of picked flat. Found August 2,1982, in Late Roman fill (grid K/8, 9-2/4, 5).2

Late 1st 1st a.d. century b.c.-early century Non-stoich.

1 [Ap?]xiac, Niki[o\)?-] v v K^eacpdvnq O lovvxzvc, v Apxetaxoc, 0 ^MapaGcovioc,

Aiov\)o68(opoc, EocpoK^eouc, Eouvieuc, Second Text

5 oi ODvecpnpoi ropyi[[av ApxiJxiuoD oi auvecpripoi xov y\)uva- oi o\)V?(pr|poi xov 7tai8o XcpTjxxiovxauieuaavxa oiap%ov AiovoooScopov xpiPnv MeviaoKov Kai YU(xvaavap%f|aavxa locpoK^eoix; Zouviea OiAoKAiouc, Kotaovf| 08V corona corona corona

Epigraphical Commentary

An uncertain number of lost lines precede line 1.While the photograph to appears show traces of strokes at the top right of the inscribed face, just below the break, these marks are adventitious; the stone and a squeeze show no letter strokes in that area. Most, but not all, of the letters of lines 1-4 have serifs.The letters of usu lines 5-8 occasionally have serifs.The lower slanting stroke of kappa at ally terminates slightly above the bottom of the letter space the far right cross at edge. In sigma the diagonals sometimes slightly the center of the letter.The shape of phi varies: it appears as two circles tangent to a central a a a on hasta, single oval split by central hasta, and figure-eight turned its a on side split by central hasta. Of the four examples of omega the stone, one all have at least open triangular finial. two one were Line 1: Space for letters?or perhaps three if iota? remains before chi. Of the first dotted iota, the bottom third of a central vertical remains on the stone. The dotted alpha consists of the bottom third of the left and right diagonals. Of the second dotted iota, the bot a on tom third of vertical remains the stone. The kappa that follows has stone a vertical very close to the preceding letter;much of the here has a remains at been lost, but the right-most tip of the lower leg of kappa

2.The inscriptionwas foundwith a unflutedcolumn (A 4697). The diag with this group of uninscribed marble architec nostic pottery associated turalblocks: two Ionic bases (A 4692, material consists of Late Roman A 4695), a relief recut as an Ionic base combed ware. For the results of the a in in (A 4707), a Doric capital (A 4694), excavations the Athenian Agora Doric capital recutas a base (A 4693), 1982, see Shear 1984. a a pilaster capital (A 4696), and small, A NEW ATHENIAN EPHEBIC LIST 407

Figure 2. Agora 17545, detail. Photo the of the letter above the bottom of the line.The third courtesy Agora Excavations right edge space a cannot dotted iota of this line represents the very bottom tip of vertical; it a cen be determined with certainty whether this should be considered tral or left vertical. are Line 5: The seventeenth through twenty-second letters carved in a shallow rasura. No traces of the first text remain. a Line 6:The eta in I

Translation

... son [Ar?]chias (son of) Nikifas?-], Kleaphanes of Kleaphanes of son son Sounion, Archelaos ofArchelaos ofMarathon, Dionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion. 408 KEVIN F. DALY

son The synepheboi (honor) Gorgias of Architimos of Sphettos (for as his) having served treasurer {tamias) and gymnasiarch. son The synepheboi (honor) the gymnasiarch Dionysodoros of Sopho kles of Sounion. son The synepheboi (honor) thepaidotribes Menisskos of Philokles of Kolonai.

DISCUSSION

are The form and content of this inscription similar to those of IG IP + an ca. a 1965 3730, ephebic list dated to 45-40 B.C.3On that stone reg names ister of ephebes in two columns precedes the of four honorands: a a two same paidotribes, tamias, and gymnasiarchs.4 Holders of these one son offices receive honors in this text, but here honorand, Gorgias of two as a Architimos of Sphettos, has served in positions, both tamias and a + gymnasiarch.5 It appears that IG II2 1965 3730 and the inscription publishedhere, together with IG II2 1990 (ofa.d. 61/2) and IG II2 1996 a.d. a (of the archonship ofDomitian, 84/5-92/3), constitute discrete class of documents naming two ephebic gymnasiarchs.6 men Several scholars have suggested that the tamias and gymnasiarchs + were not tioned in IG II2 1965 3730 state officials, but ephebes.7 Given name son that the ofDionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion appears here as the both among the list of ephebes (line 4) and gymnasiarch (lines 5-7), to to present inscription is likely provide sufficient independent evidence rest. an confirm those suggestions and put the matter to As both ephebe an name son and ephebic officer, the of Gorgias ofArchitimos of Sphet tos in list of presumably also appeared somewhere the (now incomplete) names.8 ephebes' During the period to which this document belongs, the deme of to Sounion belonged toAttalis (XII), the deme ofMarathon Aiantis (X), and the deme of Sphettos to Akamantis (VI); the ephebes and ephebic a officers listed here do not, therefore, represent single tribal contingent.9 + comes The same is true for IG II2 1965 3730, where one gymnasiarch

3.The join is reportedin Mitsos other two named honorands on this 7. See Meritt, Woodhead, and Sta no. see mires Pelekidis 1970, p. 123, 5. For the date, stone, Dionysodoros and Meniskos, 1957, p. 252; 1962, Reinmuth Follet 2005, p. 12. the difference may be significant. Per p. 277; 1965, pp. 270-271; the tenures of these offices were Lazzarini 52-53. Both 4. A second column of ephebesmay haps 1985, pp. ephe on not or bic and civic have existed the stonepublished coterminous, perhaps Gorgias's (state)gymnasiarchs a two here as well. service in two offices was considered existed: for register of the types use formulation. at see Kennell 5. The in the present inscription worthy of exceptional Athens, 2006, pp. 17-18, TauteuaavToc 6. Later documents IG IP nos. 2 and 3 Follet of the aorist participles (e.g., (ephebic) (state). has described the and y\)jLivaoiapxfioavTa to describe 2004,2017) listmany ephebic gyni (1976, pp. 363-364) s as treasurer and 117/6 role of in a later Gorgias double duty nasiarchs./GIF 1009 (of b.c.) ephebic gymnasiarchs differs from the use of names gymnasiarch multiple gymnasiarchs(line 5), period. are state 8. That was an the nouns lauiac, and yv\ivaciap%oq but whether these gymnasi Gorgias ephebic + or is un tamias and also inIGII2 1965 3730. An aoristpar archs ephebic gymnasiarchs ephebic gymnasiarch stan seems certain. ticiplewould normallybe taken simply clear, and other evidence of the of as an indication of the end of service, dard numberof ephebic gymnasiarchs 9. Contrast the tribal grouping b.c. IG IP 1960-1963. but since the nouns Yvuvaoiocpxo*; before the late 1st century is ephebes in,e.g., and TtaiSoTpiprjc; are used with the lacking. A NEW ATHENIAN EPHEBIC LIST 4?9

an on to from Sounion (AttalisXII), while ephebe the listbelongs Kephisia (Erechtheis I).10 + 3730 and the Further adding to the impression that IG IP 1965 are documents name present inscription closely related is the fact that both Meniskos (orMenisskos) aspaidotribes.n

Date and Prosopography

the use of the Follet has argued that inAthenian inscriptions homony not the mous patronym sign (used twice in this inscription) does predate middle of the 1st century b.c.12As noted above, the inscription formally + to ca. b.c. most similar to this one, IG IP 1965 3730, belongs 45-40 to b.c on Follet has dated the inscription published here 59/8-36/5 based career and the editors her chronology of the of thepaidotribes Meniskos, of LGPNll have dated it to ca. 40 b.c.13While a date close to 40 b.c. is below make a date possible, the prosopographical considerations discussed more close to the turn of the millennium appealing.

Meniskos Son of Philokles of Kolonai

is in 1951 Rau The paidotribes Meniskos of Kolonai well known.14Already bitschek could claim that "the available evidence concerning Meniskos is so as a at one large to require separate study."15Since that time least other new important inscription mentioning Meniskos has been published, and name several scholars have restored his in previously known documents.16 Follet has gathered the evidence forMeniskos of Kolonai, proposing ca. to ca. that he occupied the office ofpaidotribes from 59 36 b.c.17Apart or a from the present document, preserved restored attestations of paido tribes named Meniskos now number ten: SEGXXI 685; SEGXXL 686;18

10.1 assume that Leukios of Sou use in same name. of the homonymous patronym sign gemination appears the nion is an in 1st will ephebic gymnasiarch. inAttica the century b.c., al As the following discussion show, a career 11. For discussion of the thoughhe finds it as earlyas the2nd there may be reason to assume the exis of this the of b.c. elsewhere tence of more than one of paidotribes (and spelling century (pp. 136-137). paidotribes his name), see below. 13. Follet 2005, p. 12;LGPNII, this name, but I do not believe that the s.v. no. 12. Follet 2000; BullEp 2003, ZocpoK^fiq, 25 (and elsewhere). form MeviaaKoq alone provides suf no. 272. While Threatte s.v. no. initially argues 14. LGPNII, Meviaicoq, 12; ficient grounds for concluding that the (1980, p. 105) that thehomonymous PAA no. 646550. For a very useful individual named here must be dis was first used inAttica now list of attestations known patronym sign (but incomplete) tinguished from the trainer ca. out 50 b.c., he subsequently points and an excellent discussion of known elsewhere as MeviOKoq. In my discus that it as as see use more (1996, p. 694) appears early family members, Aleshire 1991, sion I the commonly attested 83/2 b.c on a stone from Rhamnous no. p. 157, 10049. With the exception spelling throughout. to the of Pam belonging archonship of the inscriptionpublished here,his 15. Raubitschek 1951, p. 53, n. 14. menes rov name is never (Afjjuog Tajuvovvrog II, regularly spelled MeviGKoq, To my knowledge this study has no. Follet one 179).However, (2000) argues with only medial sigma. (In PAA appeared. text that the from Rhamnous belongs no. 646550, Traill marks the unusual 16. See the followingdiscussion and to the tenure of a second archon named an exclamation it spelling with point; Tables 1 and 2 for references. Pammenes, who served in the period isnot noted inLGPNII.) The form 17. Follet 2005, p. 12. 35/4-18/7 b.c. further discussion most a = (For MeviaoKoq is likely simple 18. Benjamin (1963, p. 63 SEG of the two archons named variant. to Pammenes, According Threatte (1980, XXI 686) notes thatMeniskos may be see Bresson For a not un to 2000, pp. 151-182.) p. 510), gemination of sigma is restored this document, but she is overview of the of usual before and in an to so at one general phenomenon kappa, epitaph hesitant do given that least see Koerner 1961. or marking homonymy, of the 1st 2nd century a.d. from near other trainer from Kolonai is known. Koerner the introduction places of the Kyzikos (SEGXLLl 1103) the same See further below, n. 21. 4IO KEVIN F. DALY

TABLE 1.MENISKOS OF KOLONAI, NAMED AS PAIDOTRIBES

Archon Date Archon Date Archon Date InscriptionArchon Named (Dinsmoor/Meritt) (Byrne)(Follet) ? SEGXX1 685 Leukios 59/859/8 ? S?GXXI686 Leukios neoteros 43/2 44/3 IG IP 1041Polycharmos 45/4? 44/3 43/2 IGII2 2995 Kallikratides 37/6?36/5 37/6 ? SEG XXXVIII 176 Asklepiodoros 34/3 36/5 ? ? ? 1961 not /GIF preserved ? ? ? 1965 + not /GIF 3730 preserved ? ? ? IG II2 2989 not preserved ? ? ? no. 27 not Hesperia 3, p. 39, preserved ? ? ? not Unpublished preserved

/GIF 1041;19/GII22995;20??GXXXVIII 176;/GIF 1961;21/GIP 1965 + no. an 3730; /GIF 2989;22 Hesperia 3, p. 39, 27; and unpublished ephebic mention aMeniskos of Ko lampas dedication.23 Three other inscriptions as 1046 Meniskos lonai without identifying him paidotribes\ IG IF (where as a is the mover), IG IF 3112 (whereMeniskos appears patronym), and as a /GIF 1759 (whereMeniskos again appears patronym).Tables 1 and 2 group these various attestations by archon date.24 As Follet demonstrates, the weight of direct evidence suggests that a as in the middle of the 1st B.C. Meniskos served paidotribes century as tribes name Meniskos with the When listed paido the appears patronym Philokles only in the inscription published here. The only other document inwhich the name Meniskos is accompanied by the patronym Philokles

mu archon dates are drawn from Dinsmoor 19. Stamires reports that Raubit writing alpha for the initial of schek read Me[vioKov] instead of Meniskos. Instead, the editor reads 1931;Meritt 1977; S. G. Byrne,who, - as the while that "after 47/6 no [n]e[- -] in/GIF 1041, lines 30-31: the alpha in question second stressing in she does is shared see SEG XVII 33.After autopsyof IG letter paidotribes; not, year certain," kindly (per ep., IF 1041,1 read Me[viaKov]. however, discount the possibility that October 2005) his thoughts,updated 20. For the restoration of the name Meniskos could have been named as since LGPNll, on the archons from b.c. to 33/2 and Follet 2005. MevioKoc; to this stone, see Pantos theholder of thatoffice. She dates the 48/7 b.c; a for the archon 1973, p. 187. stone to the middle years of the 1st Determining fixed date that B.C. Leukios be somewhat 21. Believing with Raubitschek century may problematic. n. IG IF 1965 + 3730 and IG IF 1961 22. Pantos (1973, p. 187) restores Although Graindor (1922, p. 69, 3) same name toIG IP an has that the term neoteros when refer to the ephebic class, Stami the Meniskos 2989, argued res a error in IG IF dedication wherein a to an archon should denote an posits copyists ephebic paido applied same name as a recent 1961 (Meritt,Woodhead, and Stami tribes from Kolonai, whose name has archon with the it is unclear whether res 1957, p. 252, n. 69). In line 77 of been lost, receives honors. However, prior archon, text in an restoration ofMeniskos based on the the term would have been added in the printed the corpus, alpha start demotic Kolonai alone instance on stone. Hence appears at the of the otherwise proves prob every every name of a sinceIG IP 2990 and SEG it be thatMeniskos served as unpreserved paidotribes. lematic, may to the XXXVII 135 attestto another under the Stamires wishes replace alpha paido paidotribesonly archonship Leukios listed inTable 1 with mu and restore the name of tribes from Kolonai, Philokles (proba of the second Meniskos. Long thoughtlost, IG IF bly the fatherof Meniskos). (Leukios neoteros), effectively reducing 1961 has since been rediscovered and 23. Andronike Makres, who will the known span of dates for his service see Lazzarini this some 15 years. In Table 2, archon republished: 1985, publish lampasdedication, kindly by new text shared the text with me. dates are drawn from Dinsmoor 1931, pp. 37-54. The (= SEG in are B.C. Meritt Follet and XXXIV 153) excludes thepossibil 24. All dates the tables 1977,RCA, 1976, a mason or scribe erred in unless otherwise noted. In Table Follet 2005. ity that 1, A NEW ATHENIAN EPHEBIC LIST 411

TABLE 2. MENISKOS OF KOLONAI, NOT NAMED AS PAIDOTRIBES

Archon Date Archon Date Archon Date Inscription ArchonNamed (Dinsmoor/Meritt) (Byrne)(Follet) ? IG IF 1046 Lysandros 52/1 52/1 ? ? IG IF 3112 C. Iulius Philopappos ofBesa ca. a.d. 93 ? ?? IG IF 1759 notpreserved

a to is IG IP 1046, decree (ofwhich Meniskos is the mover) belonging 52/1 b.c. not Although conclusive in isolation, indirect evidence also suggests a was b.c. that paidotribes named Meniskos active in the 1st century The join of IG IP 1965 with IG IP 3730 introduces into consideration a list of are to a individuals who known have been associated with paidotribes some Meniskos, of whom may also be dated independently. As reported by Stamires, "Raubitschek has identified the gymnasiarchos of I. G, IP, ca. 3730, lines 7-8, AeuKioq Xouvieuq, with the ephebos of 40 b.c., [A]eu Kiog AeMuou [?]o[u]vie\)[c], in IG, IP, 1961, line 21, and finds a con nection between the ephebos of /.G, IP, 1965, line 5, [rdiojc, KocoxpiKioc, A^ec^ocvSpoc,, and Ti&XXa Kaaxpndoc AeKuoi) 0uydxr|p, UonXiov Tpaviou a yuvf|, known from sepulchral inscriptionwhich Kirchner dates in the first century before Christ (IG, IP, 11826)."25 It appears that IG IP 1961 is a same as + document concerning the ephebic class IG IP 1965 3730, and that both should therefore date to ca. 45-40 b.c.26 Further evidence for the date ofMeniskos comes from the name of the tamias of IG IP + 1965 3730, A7i6?tri^i<; z\ Oi'od. Assuming that the to ca. b.c as an inscription dates 45-40 and memorializes his service ephebic tamias, he should have been born ca. 63-58 b.c. The dates of several men named from are Apolexis Oion consistent with the chronology suggested career by the ofMeniskos; all fall after themiddle of the 1st century b.c. one to (with belonging the late 1st century).27

25. Meritt, Woodhead, and Stamires Stroud (1997, pp. 178-181) have ad 251-252. The new text IG dressed the 1957, pp. of vexed question of the IP 1961 (= SEG XXXIV 153) reads multiple archons of that name. Follet [A]e"6iao<; A?kuod loDvieijq at line 21. (2005, p. 14) puts one archonshipof 26. See Follet 27. in ca. 22 1988, p. Following Apolexis b.c., and that of Apo Dow (1983, p. 98), she considersIG IP lexis son of Philokrates in ca. 10/9 b.c. 2463 another yet document listing Citing Habicht 1996, andwith ref same ephebes of the year as IG II21965 erence to Graindor 1927, she has + 3730 and IG IP 1961. (To my knowl impliedelsewhere (Follett 1998, p. 252) new edge, Dow's edition of IG II2 2463, that she does not believe in a third inDow has archon named in promised 1983, p. 104, Apolexis the 40s b.c., never appeared.) and this name is absent from her new 27. At least three men fit the dates: listof archonsof thatdecade (Follet see s.v. LGPNll, A7e6^t|^i<;(of Oion), 2005, pp. 12-13). Kritzas has recently nos. 18-20. A fourth no. a names individual, 21, published dedicatory base that also fit if a cen may date in the late 1st Apolexis son ofApellikon ofOion as b.c. can be tolerated. a tury For brief gymnasiarch (Kritzas2004, expanding discussion of some of the on problems preliminary publication of the same involvedin of stone in Parlama and identifyingApolexis Stampolidis 2000, Oion with a see particular individual, p. 187, no. 174). Kapetanopoulos 1974. Kallet-Marx and 412 KEVIN F. DALY

Finally, SEG XXXVIII 176 lists [A]KoXX(hv\oqMevvejoD] Ai^rrvieuc, as an ephebe who trained under Meniskos. This individual may be related to the son as a a Menneas ofMenneas of Azenia named hymnagogos in b.c. decree of 20/19 honoring the daduch Themistokles (IEleusis 300, line 19).28 Kallet-Marx and Stroud have observed that it is unclear whether to the hymnagogos in this decree is be equated with theMenneas ofAze nia to a in ca. b.c. no. known have been bouleutes 50-40 (Agora XV, 280, are one or line 4), but whether these individual two, the period of activity name ca. associated with the remains the 1st century b.c., most likely 60 20 b.c.29 The Meniskos of Kolonai who served as a trainer in themiddle of the b.c. 1st century is to be distinguished from another Meniskos of Kolonai named in two documents of the late 1st century a.d. (/Gil2 3112,1759).30 as 2, The latter,however, also may have served paidotribes. As Raubitschek a observes, the family had long tradition of service in this profession.31 are Other families also known to have passed along the tradition of serving as a trainer, practice that has produced instances of homonymous paido tribai in chronologically distinct eras.32Hence it is not beyond the realm two as of possibility that (or more?) Meniskoi of Kolonai served trainers conv. inAthens. Indeed, Plutarch (Quaest. 747b) mentions, without pat or a at ronymic demotic, trainer Athens named Meniskos of the second half of the 1st century a.d.33 are Questions concerning the number of trainers named Meniskos also in the raised by the identification of another individual recorded present son inscription, the ephebe and gymnasiarch Dionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion. The chronological boundaries determined by Follet for the active career ofMeniskos in the 1st century b.c., ca. 59/8 to ca. 36/5, would son likely require themultiplication of individuals named Dionysodoros of for the exclusive of Sophokles of Sounion, since the dates attested latter, b.c. the present document, appear to place his birth after 20 The problems are discussed presented by the identification of Dionysodoros separately below; if,however, the existence of a third trainer named Meniskos is not considered tolerable, then another Dionysodoros is needed. Although Kallet-Marx and Stroud have warned that "arbitrary multiplication of to case it that some personalities is be resisted," in this appears duplication may in fact be unavoidable.34

an from 31. Raubitschek n. 14. Plutarch wrote it 28. Although argument 1951, p. 53, 1966a), probably no Men 32. Cf. and between a.d. 99 and 116: see silence, it is noteworthy that Hermodoros, Heortios, Jones and 27 neas of Azenia is attested inAthens Hermodoros (grandfather, father, 1966b, pp. 72-73. Follet (1988, p. two father and of who served as trainers with n. theMeniskos after the (homonymous son) Acharnai, 21) distinguishes in the 3rd to 2nd centuries and known from sources from son) found in this inscription. b.c., epigraphical LGPN 29. Kallet-Marx and Stroud 1997, Neandros, Pedieus, and Pedieus (grand the trainernamed by Plutarch; s.v. nos. and of s.v. no. lists Plutarch's p. 177. LGPNII, Mevvea*;, 6-9, father, father, son) Kerameis, II, MeviaKoq, 12, men and lists four who served in the 2nd b.c.; see trainer in the same as theMenis distinguishes these century entry owe individuals named Menneas of Azenia Tracy 1982, pp. 159-161.1 this kos named in the inscriptionpublished to an reader. here. in the late 1st century b.c. reference anonymous date of and Stroud 30. See LGPN11, s.v. Meviqko*;, 33. Although the dramatic 34. Kallet-Marx 1997, is ca. a.d. 67 181. no. 13;PAA no. 646555 (forIG IF 3112). the dialogue (see Jones p. A NEW ATHENIAN EPHEBIC LIST 413

DlONYSODOROS SON of SoPHOKLES of SoUNION

son as A Dionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion served "hoplite general (for as ca. a.d. the third time) and permanent priest of the Imperial cult 41-54."35 a As priest he made dedication to the Emperor Claudius (IG IP 3274).36 as A Dionysodoros of unattested father and deme also served eponymous a.d. archon in 53/4.37While Raubitschek places the birth ofDionysodoros son a.d. of Sophokles of Sounion around the beginning of the 1st century son in order to allow the archon Dionysodoros and Dionysodoros of Sopho to same kles be the individual, Aleshire prefers to "sever the identification of the hoplite general with the archon Aiovoa65copo(;."38 Instead, she places ca. the birth of the priest and general Dionysodoros in 20-10 b.c.39 out If the chronology worked by Follet for thepaidotribes Meniskos has a on direct bearing the inscription published here, then theDionysodoros son of Sophokles of Sounion named in the present document should have ca. ca. engaged in ephebic training sometime between 60 and 40 b.c.; this would put his birth between ca. 80 and ca. 60 b.c. However, ifAleshire s son chronology forDionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion is correct, then ca. b.c.-a.d. his ephebic training belongs to 2 9, well outside the attested to active period of thepaido tribesMeniskos.40 In order maintain the chro nologies determined by Follet forMeniskos and byAleshire forDionyso at two name son doros, least individuals of the Dionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion should be recognized, since it is unlikely that thewidely dis name can parate dates associated with that be reconciled with the lifespan a of single person.41 nor Neither Raubitschek Aleshire knew of the document published here. If this inscription does in fact attest to the existence of another Dionysodoros, thenAleshire's detailed prosopography and chronology of the Flavii of Sounion certainly needs to be revisited. The matter is further a son complicated by the fact that relations of Dionysodoros of Sophokles as of Sounion appear members of the genos of the Kerykes in IEleusis 300,

35.Aleshire no. in the from 1991, p. 231, 5; present inscription Sopho 40. Traill suggests that the Diony see 223-234 and table XI for a kles the father of and sodoros son of of pp. Dionysodoros Sophokles Sounion full examination of the entire son of and Philotas on stone family. Dionysodoros (s.v. named the published here At the time of her nos. 24 and no. study Dionysodoros locpoK^fic;, 23, respectively). {PAA 362440) is "possiblythe same son of of Sounion was at 36. See Clinton Gea as" or Sophokles 1997, p. 169; "ancestor" of the general and tested in fiveAttic documents:IG IP 25. son of gan 1997, p. priest Dionysodoros Sophokles = 2337, 3274, 4046 (see SEGXUl 193), 37. /GIF 1345,1737; Phlegon, of Sounion (Aleshire s no. 5 PAA and 5969 SEGXUl FGrH2S7 F 36 s.v. 4945, (see 193). VII; LGPNll, no. 362445); he furthersuggests that s.v. no. no. 40. Graindor LGPNIl, AiovDo65copo<;, 154, AiovoaoScopoc;, (1922, Dionysodoros the eponymous archon notes the of the name in no. the appearance pp. 86-87, 56) puts archonship of a.d. 53/4 {PAAno. 360625) could be the inscriptionpublished here; see of Dionysodoros in either a.d. 52/3 or the same as the latter. also PAA no. 362440. Aleshire but does not a (1991, 53/4, provide patronymic 41. This is the solutionadopted in no. thebirth of or demotic. pp. 226, 233, 18) puts LGPNII, s.v. Aiovua68copo<;, nos. 154 the father of 38. Raubitschek cols. Sophokles, Dionysodoros 1948, 38-40; (which refersto thepresent inscription) and son of and Aleshire 227. and as Dionysodoros (bybirth) 1991, p. 155. Alternatively, noted above, Philotas in ca. 70-60 B.C. 39. See Aleshire tableXI. Ale one (by adoption), 1991, could postulate the existence of The editorsof on the shire that the archon LGPNll, other posits Dionysodo another trainer named Meniskos. ros is the son of the and hand, distinguishthe Sophokles named priest general. 4J4 KEVIN F. DALY

a b.c. as decree of 20/19 honoring Themistokles daduch.42 I discuss the implications of this inscription furtherbelow.

Gorgias Son of Architimos of Sphettos

son Gorgias ofArchitimos of Sphettos is otherwise unknown but comes a as from prominent family.43An Architimos served firstcoinage magistrate in 83/2 b.c.; another held the same post ca. 62/1 b.c.44A document dated to b.c. an son as 56/5 lists Architimos ofArchitimos of Sphettos a thesmothete, an was ca. while Architimos (of Sphettos?) eponymous archon 30/29 b.c45 an Finally, lEleusis 300, of 20/19 b.c, lists Architimos son ofArchitimos as one of Sphettos of the Kerykes.46 Habicht considers the last to be the was grandson of the Architimos who coinage magistrate of 83/2 b.c, son was a and the of theArchitimos who both coinage magistrate ca. 62/1 and a thesmothete in 56/5 b.c47Whether the archon and themember of man the genos of the Kerykes are the same remains unclear.

[Ar?]chias (Son of) Niki[as?-]

to This individual appears be otherwise unknown.48 The preserved sigma a name. of line 1 may mark the end of If so, the spacing and the preserved names strokes suggest three possible known from Athenian documents: or Aiaxia<;, Ay^iac;, Ap^iaq.The soleAthenian Aio%iac, belongs to themid b.c dle of the 3rd century at the latest,much too early to be identifiedwith comes the person listed here.49The only attested Ay^iaq, who from Phlya, as a an near cen appears patronymic in inscription fromDelos dated the 1st tury b.c50 Athenians named Apxvocc,were numerous.51 If that name is to be restored here, then fiveknown individuals suit the chronology: Archias

the thesmothete as the archon Archi 42. IEleusis 300, lines 27-28,28-29, http://vvww.lgpn. ox.ac.uk/online/ son accessed timos's and adds that "he is 23-24, naming Sophokles of downloads/index.html; July father, also, in mint Philotas of Sounion (born the son of 2009). He and his fatherArchitimos all probability, the magistrate's son." Graindor summa Dionysodoros of Deiradiotai), Iophon also appear inPAA (nos. 280600 and (1922, p. 36) son of Traill rizes the of Roussel Dionysodoros of Deiradiotai, 214828, respectively). suggests argument (1916, son of that the Architimos father of Gor that the archonArchitimos and Dionysodoros Dionyso p. 382) comes the same doros ofDeiradiotai. Aleshire (1991, gias of Sphettos listedhere {PAA from Sphettos and is no. no. is the same as man as the but he consid p. 231, 4) includes Dionysodoros 214828) perhaps thesmothete, son Architimos father of Architimos of ers it no more than a Oliver the of Dionysodoros of Deiradio possibility. the of IEleusis no. a thesmo lists tai among hymnagogoi Sphettos {PAA 214830, (1942, p. 82) similarly Sphettos as of the 300; in fact, however, he does not theteattested inIG IP 1717). in parentheses the demotic to 44. dates archon Architimos. belong that group. The inscription Thompson (1961, p. 555) Aristo these officeholders to 117/6 b.c. and 46. IEleusis line 22. lists only three hymnagogoi: 300, son 96/5 b.c. and believes the name refers 47. Habicht demos of Argeios of Trikorynthos, 1991, pp. 12-13,16. name Menneas son ofMenneas of Azenia, to the same man; Habicht (1991, 48. This does not appear in without to the and Philemon son of Philemon of pp. 12-13,16) has redated the service LGPN'II; reference two of or in Melite: seeClinton 1974, pp. 97-98. of Architimos and dissociates the possibilities Aloxiaq Ayxtoct;, Habicht claims PAA 212287 thename foundhere is Habicht (1991, p. 13) makes a similar coinage magistrates. son that both men are from as slip in consideringArchitimos of Sphettos. reported [Aplxiaq Nik[?]. a line 11 49. discusses Architimos of Sphettos (line 22) 45. IG IP 1717, (thesmo Tracy (1988, p. 319) FdD 111.2 line 111.2 the attestations of and the hymnagogos. thete); 59, 2; 60, k\<5%\a^ his 43. In itsprinted form LGPN 11 line2; III.2 67, line 1 (archon).Thomp prominent members of family. s 50. IDelos line 30. The name does not note the appearance of the son (1961, p. 555) describesKirchner 2607, of his son does not survive. name in this document. However, a identification of the coinage magistrate of lists this with the archon as 51. LGPNll lists80 individuals. web-based update LGPNII "quite impossible," in individual s.v. fopyiat;, no. 3a (see but she follows Kirchner recognizing A NEW ATHENIAN EPHEBIC LIST 415

of father of Archippos of Bate (IG IP 5865), Archias father of Archias Kerameis (IG IP 6319),Archias fatherof Apollonios (IGX1V 712; SEG an XXXIX1043), Archias father ofDemostrate of Lamptrai,52 and Archias on an is named unpublished Kerameikos tombstone.53 No patronymic recorded for any of these men. Non-Athenians also participated in the Athenian ephebeia in this + names were period, and IG IP 1965 3730 shows that the of foreigners sometimes intermingled with those of citizens.54 Suitably named foreign ers known to have been active inAthens sometime near the end of the 1st century b.c. include Archias father of Athenaios of Karystos (IG IP 8964), Archias father of Artemidoros of Laodikeia (IG IP 9165), and are Archias father ofDorema ofMiletos (/Gil2 9525).55 Patronymics not attested for these men. a a a For patronymic with genitive singular beginning Nik- and fourth traces on names letter that corresponds to the the stone, at least 15 male are attested inAttic inscriptions suitable.56 Of these Nikiocc, is by far the most common.

Kleaphanes Son of Kleaphanes of Sounion

name This is the firstattestation of the Kleaphanes inAttic epigraphy.57

Archelaos Son of Archelaos of Marathon

Archelaos son ofArchelaos ofMarathon is elsewhere unattested.58An in ca. b.c an son scription fromDelos of 110 lists Archelaos of Dionysios of Marathon,59 and anArchelaos son ofLysimachos ofMarathon isknown from a ca. a.d. an document of 38-48.60 Finally, Archelaos ofMarathon fathered a son named Aristoboulos sometime around the 2nd century a.d.61

The Kerykes and the Paidotribes Meniskos

some As noted above, of the individuals named in the inscription presented to here appear have linkswith members of the genos of the Kerykes men a b.c. tioned in IEleusis 300, decree of 20/19 honoring the daduch The names mistokles. The of two ephebes on this stone who are also known

no. ca. 125 b.c. n. 52.Threpsiades (1960, p. 25, 3) eigners began participating (see 43, above) liststhis individual that the Greek s.v. reports Archaeological For foreignephebes inAthens in the (and his homonymous father), a Service discovered columella inscribed 2nd and 1st centuries b.c., see Follet KXzayav^q, nos. la and 2a. See also Anj!o[a]Tpdrr|Ap%iou [Aa]u7rcpe[co<;] 1988; Byrne 2003. PAA nos. 574985 (son), 574984 0Dydir|p near the national cathedral 55. FRA, s.v. Ap%ia<;, nos. 2697, (father). inAthens in See now and two (not SEG). Bar 3234, 4348, respectively. 58.The individuals(son and dani and no. 56. in Papadopoulos 2006, 367, LGPNll liststhe followingpos homonymous father) the present where the editors read the demotic sibilities: NiKT|vcop, NiKT|paTO<;, Nikt| inscriptionare listed inLGPNII, no s.v. nos. [Aa](i7cxpeco(; (with other changes aiaq, Nikt|oi8iko<;, NiKriouuioq, Nncr| Apxetaxoc;, 12,13; PAA to Threpsiades' text). oicpcbv, NiKnolcov, NiKT|Tr|<;, Niicncpac;, nos. 209675,209670. s.v. 53. LGPNll, Apxiocq, nos. 28, NiKncpopicov, NiKT|(popO(;, NiKid8r|<;, 59. IDelos 2125, line 1;LGPNll, 39, 53, 49, and 29, respectively. NiKiaq, NiKi8r|(;, and NiKut7to<;. A total s.v. Apxetaxoc;, no. 11. 54.Tracy (2004, p. 209) has ob of 414 individuals are so named. 60. IG IV21 84, line22; LGPN 11, served that the earliest attested In s.v. no. foreign 57. itsprinted form, LGPNll Ap%etaxo<;, 14. ers not in theAthenian ephebeiabelong to does note the appearance of the 61. IG II2 6765; LGPNll, s.v.Apxe + name IGll2 1006 1031, dated to 123/2 b.c. in this document. However, Xaoq, no. 15. Habicht (1997, p. 13) suggeststhat for theweb-based update ofLGPNll 416 KEVIN F. DALY

son from other sources,Dionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion and Gorgias son ofArchitimos of Sphettos, have patronymics that suggest familial ties men with known from the Eleusinian document: Sophokles son of Philotas son of Sounion (lines 27-28) and Architimos ofArchitimos of Sphettos one (line 22). This may simply be chance; alternatively, might speculate were that the ephebes listed in the present inscription grouped by genos names are or and only the of the Kerykes preserved, that the document was produced by the genos of the Kerykes alone. Oliver has proposed that there were two types of gene inAthens, the military genos and the a clan genos, and that individual Kerykes may have been members of genos of both types. Although he would emphasize the role of military gene more than that of clan gene, he suggests that early Athenian genos new affiliations gained prominence under the Romans, especially after Actium.62 son One might have expected Dionysodoros of Sophokles of Sounion son two in and Gorgias of Architimos of Sphettos, the ephebes named seem to the present inscription who to belong the genos of the Kerykes, as to appear in lEleusis 300 well. If, following Follet's chronology for Meniskos, their ephebic training took place sometime between 59 and ca. ca. 36 b.c, theywould have been between 60 and 37 years of age in are 20/19 b.c., the date of lEleusis 300. Why then they absent from the not list of Kerykes in that decree? Were they yet enrolled in the genos}63 Had died? they 62. Oliver 1980, esp. pp. 33-38; Were it not for the constraints Follet s of the imposed by chronology cf. Schmalz 1996. one could take the and named of paidotribes Meniskos, Dionysodoros Gorgias 63. The origin and constituency to sons in lEleusis Athenian is see Oli in the present inscription be of genos members named gene problematic: son ver 1980; Lambert 1997,1999. The 300.We have also seen thatApollonios ofMenneas ofAzenia, known s.v. as an Lexicon Demosthenicum Patmium, from SEG XXXVIII176 ephebe who trained under Meniskos, may yevvfjiai (= Ath. Pol. fr. 385 Rose), lim be related to theMenneas of Azenia named as a in lEleusis hymnagogos its those called yevvfjTai within a genos 300.With this in one should be to the either that mind, open possibility to thirty:see Oliver 1972, pp. 99-100; or the life and career ofMeniskos were extraordinarily long, that another Clinton 1974, p. 53. Rhodes (1993, as first.64Either 68-69, is of the use Meniskos of Kolonai served paidotribes shortly after the pp. 768) skeptical on fulness of this passage, given the anal alternative would account for the fact that the ephebes named the in drawn from the seasons of the here do not on lEleusis as have ogy year. scription presented appear 300, theymight of a 64. The practice using of special been too to be listed as members of the of the If so, young genos Kerykes.65 sign marking homonymous parentage we to a later as late as ca. may assign the present inscription period, perhaps after 50 b.c. (see n. 12, above) should alert us to a rise in the fre 5 b.c.-ca. a.d. 5. Such a shiftwould also allow the date of birth proposed probably in son to remain within quency of homonymous individuals byAleshire for (a single) Dionysodoros of Sophokles I will a the realm of proximate generations. present possibility.66 elsewhere. study of this phenomenon In the absence of other evidence, however, such a downdating must 65. Clinton (1974, p. 53) speculates be considered asMeniskos's Philokles a tentative, especially patronymic ap that age may have been factor in in IG IP which is dated to 52/1 b.c. On a daduch. Would such a stric pears only here and 1046, securely becoming known to have ture to into the the other hand, as noted above, the office of paidotribes is apply entry genos} 66. Such a date need not force been held members of the same in successive generations. While by family reconsiderationof thedate of IG IP and of within a family suggest the naming practices continuity profession 1965 + 3730, since,with the exception no com of trainers named at there is there possibility multiple Meniskos, present ofMeniskos, the persons named reason to believe that therewas more than one son are from in the pelling Dionysodoros different those inscrip tion here. of Sophokles of Sounion. published A NEW ATHENIAN EPHEBIC LIST \V]

CONCLUSION

The new ephebic list presented here raises important questions about some the prosopography and chronology of prominent Athenians of the s Early Roman period. If the list is dated according to Follet chronology son of the trainerMeniskos, then it seems likely that theDionysodoros of a Sophokles of Sounion who appears in this inscription is different indi man same name vidual from the of the known from previously published on we assume a documents. If, the other hand, single Dionysodoros, then we must a consider the possibility of significant extension to the life and career or ofMeniskos, posit the existence ofmultiple trainers of that name, in a in was probably family which the profession ofpaidotribes passed down from one generation to the next. some The apparent links between of the individuals named inAgora I 7545 and those recorded in IEleusis 300 also suggest that the content and organization of this ephebic listmay have been due at least in part to a the activities of the genos of the Kerykes. Such conclusion may support some the notion that the old Athenian gene regained of their importance during the Roman period, and that affiliation with a genos, rather than a a means with tribe alone, may have been central of conceptualizing civic was to 67. As this article going status. a If so, and if date in the decades preceding 20/19 B.C. is new preferred press, Geoffrey Schmalz's volume new for this inscription, then the fact that certain individuals named here on Early Roman prosopography(2009) do not appear with the listed in IEleusis 300 may reflect appeared?too late, unfortunately, Kerykes limiting to not on the ofAthenian in for the implications of the work be forces, yet fully understood, constituency gene included in the present study. this period.67 4i8 KEVIN F. DALY

REFERENCES

XV = B. -. Agora D. Meritt and J. S. Traill, 2000. "Les deux archontes a Inscriptions: The Athenian Councillors Pammenes du Ier siecle a.C. 1974. (AgoraXV), Princeton Athenes," REG 113, pp. 188-192. S. B. 1991. at Athens: -. 2005. "Deux Aleshire, Asklepios inscriptions and inedites Epigraphic ProsopographicEssays attiques copiees par l'abbe on theAthenian Am Michel Fourmont Healing Cults, (Parisinus Suppl. gr. sterdam. 854): REG US, pp. 1-14. and G. K. ERA = Bardani, V., Papadopoulos. M. J.Osborne and S. G. Byrne, 2006. rcov The Residents IvjuKXripcojua eKirv/ipiojv Foreign ofAthens juvrifieicov xr\qAxxiKr\q (Bi|3?uo6f|Kr| (StudiaHellenistica 33), Leuven rr|<; ev A0r|vai<; Apxaio^oyiKr|q 1996. Exaipeiaq 241), Athens. Geagan, D. J. 1997. "The Athenian Benjamin, A. S. 1963. "The Altars of Elite: Romanization, Resistance, Hadrian inAthens and Hadrian's and the Exercise of Power," inHoff and Panhellenic Program," Hesperia 32, Rotroff 1997, pp. 19-32. 57-86. P. 1922. des pp. Graindor, Chronologie A. 2000. La cite archontes sous Bresson, marchande, atheniens Vempire, Paris. Brussels. 2003. Roman -. 1927. sous Byrne, S. "Early Athe Athenes Auguste, in Lettered Attica: A nians," Day of Cairo. Attic C. 1991. "Zu den Inscriptions. Proceedings of the Habicht, Munz 8 der des Athens Symposium, March 2000, magistraten Silberpragung a Neuen with Memoir byJohannes Kirchner, Stils," Chiron 21, pp. 1-23. -. ed. D. Jordan and J.Traill, Toronto, 1996. "Salamis in der Zeit pp. 1-20. nach Sulla," ZPE 111, pp. 79-87. Clinton, K. 1974. The SacredOfficials -. 1997. "Roman Citizens in ofthe Eleusinian Mysteries (TAPS Athens (228-31 b.c.)," inHoff and 64.3), Philadelphia. Rotroff 1997, pp. 9-17. -. 1997. "Eleusis and the Ro Hoff, M. C, and S. I. Rotroff, eds. mans: to 1997. Late Republic Marcus The Romanization ofAthens. an International Con Aurelius," inHoff and Rotroff 1997, Proceedings of Held at Nebraska pp. 161-181. ference Lincoln, = Afjjuog rov TajuvovvTog B. C. Petrakos, (April1996), Oxford 1997. = VAfjjuog rov Tajuvovvrog: Ivvoy/rj IEleusis K. Clinton, Eleusis, The In rcov kcci rcov on Stone: Documents 6cvaoKoc(p(bv spevvcov scriptions of the Two Goddesses and (1813-1998) I: ToKoypacpia, II: Sanctuary of the ev Public Documents theDeme Oi 'EmypCMpeg (Bip>*io6r|Kr| Tfj<; of 1, A0f)vai<; Apxaio^oyiKfiq Tiaipeiac; Athens 2005. 181,182), Athens 1999. Jones, C. P. 1966a. "The Teacher of HSCP 205-213. Dinsmoor, W. B. 1931. TheArchons of Plutarch," 71, pp. in theHellenistic Cam -. 1966b. "Towards a Athens Age, Chronology of Plutarch's bridge, Mass. Works," JRS 56, 1983. Generis Incerti 61-74. Dow, S. "Catalogi pp. IG IP 2364-2489: A Check-List," Kallet-Marx, R. M., and R. S. Stroud. 1997. "Two Athenian Decrees Con AncWS,pp. 95-106. au au Lemnos the Late First Follet, S. 1976. Athenes IF et IIP cerning of b.c." Chiron 155 siecle: Etudes chronologiques etproso Century 27, pp. Paris. 194. pographiques, -. a E. A. 1974. 1988. "Ephebes etrangers Kapetanopoulos, "Apolexis Athenes: Romains, Milesiens, ex Oiou," Athenaeum 52, pp. 343-347. du Centre N. M. 2006. Chypriotes, etc.," Cahier Kennell, Ephebeia:A Reg GreekCities Citizen dEtudes Chypriotes9, pp. 19-32. isterof with -. in theHellenistic 1998. "Chronologie attique Training Systems et s. a.C. and Roman Periods chronologie delphique (IIe (Nikephoros s. 243-260. Hildesheim. Ier p.C.)," Topoi 8, pp. Beihefte12), A NEW ATHENIAN EPHEBIC LIST 4IQ

R. 1961. Die der -. 1980. "From Gennetai to Curi -. 2009. Koerner, Abkurzung Augustan andJulio in In 30-56. Claudian A New Homonymitdt griechischen ales," Hesperia 49, pp. Athens: Epigraphy PAA = S. Persons Ancient and schriften, Berlin. J. Traill, of Prosopography (Mnemosyne Kritzas, C. B. 2004. "AvaGruuaxiKo Athens, Toronto 1994-. Suppl. 302), Leiden. (3d6po \a\inadoq," in Arrival 'Em Pantos, P. A. 1973. "'Ejuypacpod 7iapa Shear, T. L., Jr. 1984. "The Athenian xcov Excavations of Ypcccpm. IJpaKriKa gvju7togwv eig xf|v ayopav ASnvcov," ArchEph Agora: 1980-1982," 1-57. livr\iir\vAdolfWilhelm (1864-1950), 1973, pp. 175-188. Hesperia 53, pp. M. 1961. New ed. A. P. Matthaiou and G. E. Parlama, L., and N. C. Stampolidis, Thompson, The Style 2000. Malouchou, Athens, pp. 271-289. eds. Athens: The City Beneath SilverCoinage ofAthens (NS 10), Metro New York. Lambert, S. D. 1997. "The Attic Genos the City: Antiquities from the Salaminioi and the Sala Athens. L. 1980. The Grammar Island of politan Railway Excavations, Threatte, of Attic 1: mis,"ZP?119, pp. 85-106. Pelekidis,C. 1962.Histoire de Vephebie Inscriptions Phonology, -. 1999. Attic Genos" des a 31 avant Berlin. "The CQ attique origines Jesus -. 1996. Grammar Attic 49, pp. 484-489. Christ, Paris. The of 2: Lazzarini, M. L. 1985. "Una Collezione Raubitschek, A. E. 1948. "Sophocles of Inscriptions Morphology, Berlin. di RivFil oiko Epigrafica Pesaro," 113, Sunion," OJhBeibni, cols. 35-40. Threpsiades, J. 1960. "AvaoKoccpf) -. pp. 34-54. 1951. "Sylleia," in Studies in 7te5o\) OA.E.Yl.,"ArchDelt 16, B', = LGPNU M. J.Osborne and S. G. Roman Economic and Social History pp. 22-27. A Lexicon Greek Personal inHonor Allan S. V. 1982. I 7181 + Byrne, of of Chester Johnson, Tracy, "Agora NamesII: Attica, Oxford 1994. ed. P. R. Coleman-Norton, Prince IG IP, 944b," in Studies inAttic Meritt, B. D. 1977. "Athenian Archons ton, pp. 47-57. Epigraphy,History, and Topography 347/6-48/7 Historia RCA = S. G. Roman Citizens Presented to b.c," 26, Byrne, of Eugene Vanderpool pp. 161-191. Athens (StudiaHellenistica 40), (HesperiaSuppl. 19), Princeton, Meritt, B. D., A. G. Woodhead, and Leuven 2003. pp. 157-161. In -. G. A. Stamires. 1957. "Greek Reinmuth, O. W. 1965. "An Ephebic 1988. "Two Attic Letter Cut 198 Text of ca. 43/2 ters scriptions," Hesperia 26, pp. b.c," Hesperia 34, of theThird Century: 286/5 270. 255-272. pp. 235/4 b.c," Hesperia 57, pp. 303 M. T. 1970." A716 Korca P. 1993. A on Mitsos, io\)q Rhodes, J. Commentary 322. Xoyovq A6r|voucov 'E(pfi(3covkXk. (II)," theAristotelian Athenaion Politeia, -. 2004. "Reflections on the rev. Oxford. in ArchEph 1970, pp. 114-124. ed., Athenian Ephebeia the Hellenis H. 1942. "Greek P. 1916. colonie atheni tic inDas Oliver, J. Inscriptions," Roussel, Delos, Age," hellenistiche Gym 29-90. enne Hesperia 11, pp. (BEEAR 111), Paris. nasion (Wissenskultur und gesell -. 1972. "The Solonian Consti Schmalz, G. C. R. 1996. "Athens, Au schaftlicher Wandel 8), ed. D. Kah a a.d. tution and Consul of 149," gustus, and the Settlement of 21 b.c.," and P. Scholz, Berlin, pp. 207-210. GRBS 13, pp. 99-107. GRBS 37, pp. 381-398.

Kevin E Daly

Bucknell University

department of classics

72 coleman hall pennsylvania lewisburg, 17837

[email protected]