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Hybridity in Zhang Ailing's Writing and Its Multidimensional Interpretations

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Hybridity in Zhang Ailing's Writing and Its Multidimensional Interpretations Transgressing Boundaries: Hybridity in Zhang Ailing's Writing and Its Multidimensional Interpretations in Contemporary China Yuan Wang The Department of East Asian Studies McGill University, Montreal August 2006 A Thesis Suhmitted to McGill University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Arts in East Asian Studies © Yuan Wang, 2006 l Library and Bibliothèque et 1+1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-32571-1 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-32571-1 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans loan, distribute and sell th es es le monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, électronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. ln compliance with the Canadian Conformément à la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privée, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont été enlevés de cette thèse. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. ••• Canada TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT .................................................................................... 111 ABSTRAIT ................................................................................................................. IV A CKN0 WLEDG MENTS ..•...•.•....•••......•..•......•......•..•..••..•.•..•..•...•.•..•.••V Introduction ......•.......•....•...•......••..•..••...••...••.........•.•............•........•.•..•..••..•......••...... 1 Literature Review .............................................................................................................. 17 Chapter 1 Zhang Ailing: A Distinctive Hybridity in Modern Chinese Literature ..•.•••.....•.. 28 1.1 Historical~ Social and Cultural Context ..................................................................... 29 1.2 Personal Background and Accumulation of Hybridity ............................................ 33 1.3 Narrative Techniques: Integration of Western and Chinese ................................... 38 1.4 Aesthetic System of "Desolation" and Literary Thoughts ..............................53 Chapter 2 A Unique Appoach to Representation of Reality ................................................. 64 2.1 Definition of "Common People" ......................................................................•.......... 64 2.2 Writing between the Lines: Realism or Modernism .....................................72 Chapter 3 Dynamic Dialogue Transgressing Temporal and Spacial Boudaries: Zhang Ailing's Writing through Contemporary Hong Kong Films ...........•.....••.......•••••. 82 3.1 Zhang Ailing: A Challenge of Filmic Adaptation ..................................................... 82 3.2 Tale of Two Cities: Artistic Reflection of a Historical Parallelism ......................... 86 3.3 Love in a Fallen City: A Historical Event Interwoven with a Mundane Romance .. ..•.....................................................................................................................•.................... 90 3.4 Eighteen Springs: A Harmony of Recurrence and Re-writing ..........................98 3.5 Red Rose White Rose: Satire on Patriarchy and Disenchantment of Feminine Subjectivity ....................................................................................................................... 106 3.6 Epilogue: Nostalgia in Contemporary Hong Kong Film ........................................ 115 Conclusion .••...•.......•••....••....•.......•.••...••..••...•••.•••.•••.......••...••.•.•.•...•••...••••.•.....•••.. 122 Glossary .........................................................................................127 Bibliography •.•••...•....•.....•.....•..•.••...•.......•..••..•.••...••..•.•.......••..•••.•.•.•..•...............•. 131 II ABSTRACT Transgressing Boundaries: Hybridity in Zhang Ailing's Writing and Its Multidimensional Interpretations in Contemporary China Yuan Wang Zhang Ailing is an extraordinary yet important literary figure in 1940s China. In her writing, the specificity of hybridity breaks through restriction of domestic, social, political and cultural issues and makes her writing surpass the boundaries of races, cultures and space and time. It integrates Zhang's profound concern for human life and humanity with her exquisite literary sensibility. In my thesis, 1 deploy my study on this hybrid specificity, and also on the cultural phenomena relevant to Zhang Ailing in 1990s China, namely the "Zhang Ailing fever" and the nostalgia theme in Hong Kong film. By exploring the underlying relationship between the two issues on the basis of respective analyses of them, 1 try to enrich our understanding of this legendary writer and stimulate further thought on the broad and complex process of the "rehabilitation" of Zhang's literary reputation in both Western sinology and Chinese academia. III ABSTRAIT Franchir les Frontières: « L'hybridité» dans L'écriture de Zhang Ailing et ses Interprétations Multidimensionnelles dans la Chine Contemporaine Yuan Wang Zhang Ailing est une figure littéraire extraordinaire et importante de la Chine des années 40. Dans son écriture, la spécificité de « l'hybridité» efface les différences domestiques, sociales, politiques et culturelles, et de ce fait les différences raciales et spatio-temporelles. Cela intègre la préoccupation profonde de Zhang pour la vie humaine et l'humanité avec sa sensibilité littéraire exquise.Dans ma thèse, je me suis focalise sur l'étude de cette spécificité « hybride» et aussi sur le phénomène culturel pertinents à Zhang Ailing dans les années 90 en Chine, à savoir la « fièvre de Zhang Ailing » et le thème de nostalgie dans les films hongkongais. En explorent la relation fondamentale entre les deux problèmes sur la base d'analyses respectives de chacun, je vais tenter d'enrichir notre compréhension de cet écrivain légendaire et de réfléchir sur le processus large et complexe de « réhabilitation» de la réputation littéraire de Zhang dans la sinologie occidentale et l'éducation chinoise. IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 own my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Professor Peter Button for guiding my research and helping me complete this thesis. His illuminating advices considerably stimulated my study and his great support was indispensable for me. Also, 1 wish to thank Professor Grace Fong, Professor Robin Yates and Professor Hajime Nakatani in the Department of East Asian Studies. They gave me valu able advices on the topie of this thesis. My sincere thanks also go to Sara Neswald, Daniel Ho and Sheena, who proofread and edited my draft respectively. Their opinions and suggestions greatly contributed to my thesis writing. Among my colleagues in the Department of East Asian Studies, McGilI University, 1 would like to thank Lin Fan, Jim Bonk and Ye Qing, as weil as my good friend Yunjun Liu, who offered warm-hearted help to me ail along. 1 also owe much to Xiao Tong beyond the power of words to express; his warmest support and help enabled my thesis to be fini shed. In addition, another pers on to be thanked is Xiao Liu who translated my thesis abstract into French. Finally and always, 1 am grateful to my parents and Fu Xiang. Their encouragement, support and love offer me the power to pursue accomplishment. v Introduction Zhang Ailing (1920-1995) was an important literary figure who rose to prominence during China's turbulent 1940s. From a literary perspective, 1940s China manifested an extraordinary diversity of literary theories and genres, encompassing a wide range of contending cultural and ideological factors. In the difficult time of foreign invasion followed by civil war, the whole nation faced profound social, political, and cultural transformation. The brutal reality of the decade compelled many writers to ponder broadly and deeply the meaning of history, society, nation and culture. Confronted with unprecedented social, historical and political realities, writers engaged in intimate creative dialogue with the age. The discourse of modem enlightenment thought from the May Fourth period served as their primary foundation. The turbulence caused by the war and China's political partition into three geographical areas in the 1940s-the areas controlled by the Nationalists (KMT), the areas occupied
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