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Indiana Snakes Are Listed Here, and Not All Streams, Ponds and Lakes Suns Beside Creeks
Midwest Worm Snake Carphophis amoenus satiny gray below with a brown or dark amber Fox Snake Elaphe vulpina This snake version of the earthworm is iris of the eye. The blue racer may show Blue This snake of marshes and wet places has brown above and has a pink belly and sides. It varying shades of gunmetal gray or blue above bold blotches, a grayish- or brownish-yellow is secretive and seldom seen, spending most of and below with a darker head and eye area. Mixed body and a dull orange/reddish head and tail. its time under stones, boards and logs where Racers move fast and sometimes appear to Black It vibrates its tail if cornered, but rarely bites. the ground is moist. It feeds on soft-bodied “chase” people. In fact, this behavior is often Snakes insects and earthworms. associated with courtship and may be used to drive an Black Kingsnake Lampropeltis getulus getulus intruder out of a territory. This glossy black snake has speckles of Rough Green Snake Opheodrys aestivas white and cream that may be less apparent in Smooth Green Snake Opheodrys vernalis Eastern Milk Snake older snakes. It lives on streambanks and in Both species are green above with white, Lampropeltis triangulatum triangulatum moist meadows, where it feeds on other yellow or pale green bellies. The rough green Red Milk Snake snakes, turtle eggs, mice and voles. It is snake has keeled scales that give it a rough Lampropeltis triangulatum syspila “V” generally secretive and can be found under texture. This snake, listed as a species of This snake’s taste for mice makes pattern boards, logs and debris. -
By a Nine-Banded Armadillo (Dasypus Novemcinctus) in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica
Edentata: in press Electronic version: ISSN 1852-9208 Print version: ISSN 1413-4411 http://www.xenarthrans.org FIELD NOTE Predation of a Central American coral snake (Micrurus nigrocinctus) by a nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica Eduardo CarrilloA and Todd K. FullerB,1 A Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidad Nacional, Apdo. 1350, Heredia, Costa Rica. E-mail: [email protected] B Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Corresponding author Abstract We describe the manner in which a nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) killed a Cen- tral American coral snake (Micrurus nigrocinctus) that it subsequently ate. The armadillo repeatedly ran towards, jumped, flipped over in mid-air, and landed on top of the snake with its back until the snake was dead. Keywords: armadillo, behavior, food, predation, snake Depredación de una serpiente de coral de América Central (Micrurus nigrocinctus) por un armadillo de nueve bandas (Dasypus novemcinctus) en el Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Costa Rica Resumen En esta nota describimos la manera en que un armadillo de nueve bandas (Dasypus novemcinc- tus) mató a una serpiente de coral de América Central (Micrurus nigrocinctus) que posteriormente comió. El armadillo corrió varias veces hacia adelante, saltó, se dio vuelta en el aire y aterrizó sobre la serpiente con la espalda hasta que la serpiente estuvo muerta. Palabras clave: armadillo, comida, comportamiento, depredación, serpiente Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinc- The ~4-kg nine-banded armadillo is distributed tus) feed mostly on arthropods such as beetles, ter- from the southeast and central United States to Uru- mites, and ants, but also consume bird eggs and guay and northern Argentina, Granada, Trinidad “unusual items” such as fruits, fungi, and small verte- and Tobago, and the Margarita Islands (Loughry brates (McBee & Baker, 1982; Wetzel, 1991; Carrillo et al., 2014). -
Check List 17 (1): 27–38
17 1 ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES Check List 17 (1): 27–38 https://doi.org/10.15560/17.1.27 A herpetological survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary Dillon Jones1, Bethany Foshee2, Lee Fitzgerald1 1 Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. 2 Houston Audubon, 440 Wilchester Blvd. Houston, TX 77079 USA. Corresponding author: Dillon Jones, [email protected] Abstract Urban herpetology deals with the interaction of amphibians and reptiles with each other and their environment in an ur- ban setting. As such, well-preserved natural areas within urban environments can be important tools for conservation. Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary is an 18-acre wooded sanctuary located west of downtown Houston, Texas and is the headquarters to Houston Audubon Society. This study compared iNaturalist data with results from visual encounter surveys and aquatic funnel traps. Results from these two sources showed 24 species belonging to 12 families and 17 genera of herpetofauna inhabit the property. However, several species common in surrounding areas were absent. Combination of data from community science and traditional survey methods allowed us to better highlight herpe- tofauna present in the park besides also identifying species that may be of management concern for Edith L. Moore. Keywords Community science, iNaturalist, urban herpetology Academic editor: Luisa Diele-Viegas | Received 27 August 2020 | Accepted 16 November 2020 | Published 6 January 2021 Citation: Jones D, Foshee B, Fitzgerald L (2021) A herpetology survey of Edith L. Moore Nature Sanctuary. Check List 17 (1): 27–28. https://doi. -
Indigenous and Established Herpetofauna of Northwest Louisiana
Indigenous and Established Herpetofauna of Northwest Louisiana Non-venomous Snakes (25 Species) For more info: Buttermilk Racer Coluber constrictor anthicus 318-773-9393 Eastern Coachwhip Coluber flagellum flagellum www.learnaboutcritters.org Prairie Kingsnake Lampropeltis calligaster [email protected] Speckled Kingsnake Lampropeltis holbrooki www.facebook.com/learnaboutcritters Western Milksnake Lampropeltis gentilis Northern Rough Greensnake Opheodrys aestivus aestivus Alligator (1 species) Western Ratsnake Pantherophis obsoletus American Alligator Alligator mississippiensis Slowinski’s Cornsnake † Pantherophis slowinskii Flat-headed Snake † Tantilla gracilis Western Wormsnake † Carphophis vermis Lizards (10 Species) Mississippi Ring-necked Snake Diadophis punctatus stictogenys Western Mudsnake Farancia abacura reinwardtii Northern Green Anole Anolis carolinensis Eastern Hog-nosed Snake Heterodon platirhinos Prairie Lizard Sceloporus consobrinus Mississippi Green Watersnake Nerodia cyclopion Southern Coal Skink † Plestiodon anthracinus pluvialis Plain-bellied Watersnake Nerodia erythrogaster Common Five-lined Skink Plestiodon fasciatus Broad-banded Watersnake Nerodia fasciata confluens Broad-headed Skink Plestiodon laticeps Graham's Crayfish Snake Regina grahamii Southern Prairie Skink † Plestiodon septentrionalis obtusirostris Gulf Swampsnake Liodytes rigida sinicola Little Brown Skink Scincella lateralis Dekay’s Brownsnake Storeria dekayi Eastern Six-lined Racerunner Aspidoscelis sexlineata sexlineata Red-bellied Snake -
Significant New Records of Amphibians and Reptiles from Georgia, USA
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION 597 Herpetological Review, 2015, 46(4), 597–601. © 2015 by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles Significant New Records of Amphibians and Reptiles from Georgia, USA Distributional maps found in Amphibians and Reptiles of records for a variety of amphibian and reptile species in Georgia. Georgia (Jensen et al. 2008), along with subsequent geographical All records below were verified by David Bechler (VSU), Nikole distribution notes published in Herpetological Review, serve Castleberry (GMNH), David Laurencio (AUM), Lance McBrayer as essential references for county-level occurrence data for (GSU), and David Steen (SRSU), and datum used was WGS84. herpetofauna in Georgia. Collectively, these resources aid Standard English names follow Crother (2012). biologists by helping to identify distributional gaps for which to target survey efforts. Herein we report newly documented county CAUDATA — SALAMANDERS DIRK J. STEVENSON AMBYSTOMA OPACUM (Marbled Salamander). CALHOUN CO.: CHRISTOPHER L. JENKINS 7.8 km W Leary (31.488749°N, 84.595917°W). 18 October 2014. D. KEVIN M. STOHLGREN Stevenson. GMNH 50875. LOWNDES CO.: Langdale Park, Valdosta The Orianne Society, 100 Phoenix Road, Athens, (30.878524°N, 83.317114°W). 3 April 1998. J. Evans. VSU C0015. Georgia 30605, USA First Georgia record for the Suwannee River drainage. MURRAY JOHN B. JENSEN* CO.: Conasauga Natural Area (34.845116°N, 84.848180°W). 12 Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 116 Rum November 2013. N. Klaus and C. Muise. GMNH 50548. Creek Drive, Forsyth, Georgia 31029, USA DAVID L. BECHLER Department of Biology, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, AMBYSTOMA TALPOIDEUM (Mole Salamander). BERRIEN CO.: Georgia 31602, USA St. -
Maryland Envirothon: Wildlife Section
3/17/2021 Maryland Envirothon: Class Amphibia & Reptilia KERRY WIXTED WILDLIFE AND HERITAGE SERVICE March 2021 1 Amphibia Overview •>40 species in Maryland •Anura (frogs & toads) •Caudata (salamanders & newts) •Lay soft, jelly-like eggs (no shell) •Have larval state with gills •Breathe & drink through skin Gray treefrog by Kerry Wixted Note: This guide is an overview of select species found in Maryland. 2 Anura • ~20 species in Maryland • Frogs & toads • Short-bodied & tailless (as adults) • Typically lay eggs in water & hatch into aquatic larvae Green treefrog by Kerry Wixted Order: Anura 3 1 3/17/2021 Family Bufonidae (Toads) Photo by Kerry Wixted by Photo Kerry Photo by Judy Gallagher CC 2.0 CC by by Photo Gallagher Judy American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus ) Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) 2-3.5”; typically 1-2 spots/ wart; parotoid gland is 2-3”; typically 3+ spots/ wart; parotoid gland separated from the cranial crest or connected narrowly is in contact w/ the cranial crest; Call: a short, by a spur; enlarged warts on tibia; Call: an elongated trill brash and whiny call lasting 2-4 seconds or whir lasting 5-30 seconds and resembles a simultaneous whistle and hum Order: Anura; Family Bufonidae 4 Family Hylidae (Treefrogs) Spring Peeper Gray Treefrog & Cope’s Gray Treefrog (Pseudacris crucifer) (Hyla versicolor & Hyla chrysoscelis) 0.75 - 1.25”; Brown, tan, or yellowish with dark X-shaped 1.25 - 2” (Identical in appearance); Gray to white with mark on back; Dark bar between eye; Mask from nose darker streaking, resembling a tree knot; Cream square through eye and tympanum, often extending down side below each eye; Inner thigh yellow or orange; enlarged Call: Clear, shrill, high-pitched whistle or peep toe pads; Call (H. -
Amphibians and Reptiles of Bankhead National Forest Hardwood Checklist Summer Winter Spring Pond
Habitats of Bankhead National Forest AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF Large Creek/River BANKHEAD NATIONAL FOREST Temporary Pond Pond: Permanent wetlands, either natural Amphibians and Reptiles of Open Grassy Upland Pine Small Creek Abundance (beaver ponds) or human impoundments, e.g. Bankhead National Forest Hardwood Checklist Summer Winter Brushy Creek Lake. Usually large areas of open Spring Pond water with pond lilies and aquatic vegetation. Fall Common Name Scientific Name Turtles Temporary Pond: Wetlands usually full during Spiny Softshell Apalone spinifera P + P P P winter and spring but dry during summer. Common Snapping Turtle Chelydra serpentina* C + + + + C C C Usually small with no outlet (isolated) and no Common Map Turtle Graptemys geographica U + + U U U large predatory fish. They are excellent breeding Alabama Map Turtle Graptemys pulchra P + P P P habitats for certain amphibians. Usually shallow Mud Turtle Kinosternon subrubrum U + + + U U U and grassy but can be very small ditches. Alligator Snapping Turtle Macrochelys temminckii ? + ? ? ? River Cooter Pseudemys concinna* C + + C U U Large Creek: Example: Sipsey Fork. 30-60 feet Flattened Musk Turtle Sternotherus depressus U + + U U U wide, with deep pools and heavy current. Large Red Milk Snake Stinkpot Sternotherus odoratus* U + + + U U U logs and snags are excellent for basking turtles. Bankhead National Forest, comprising nearly 182,000 Yellow-bellied Slider Trachemys scripta* C + + + C C C acres, represents one of the largest tracts of contiguous Often contain large boulders and flat rocks. Eastern Box Turtle Terrapene carolina* A + + + C A C forest in Alabama. The unique mixture of moist hardwood forests and drier pine uplands boasts a wide Small Creek: Small creeks draining upland Lizards variety of amphibians (26 species) and reptiles (46 Green Anole Anolis carolinensis* A + + + A A C areas; seepage areas. -
AG-472-02 Snakes
Snakes Contents Intro ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 What are Snakes? ...............................................................1 Biology of Snakes ...............................................................1 Why are Snakes Important? ............................................1 People and Snakes ............................................................3 Where are Snakes? ............................................................1 Managing Snakes ...............................................................3 Family Colubridae ...............................................................................................................................................................................................5 Eastern Worm Snake—Harmless .................................5 Red-Bellied Water Snake—Harmless ....................... 11 Scarlet Snake—Harmless ................................................5 Banded Water Snake—Harmless ............................... 11 Black Racer—Harmless ....................................................5 Northern Water Snake—Harmless ............................12 Ring-Necked Snake—Harmless ....................................6 Brown Water Snake—Harmless .................................12 Mud Snake—Harmless ....................................................6 Rough Green Snake—Harmless .................................12 -
A Guide to Missouri's Snakes
A GUIDE TO MISSOURI’S SNAKES MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION A Guide to Missouri’s Snakes by Jeffrey T. Briggler, herpetologist, and Tom R. Johnson, retired herpetologist, Missouri Department of Conservation Photographs by Jeffrey T. Briggler, Richard Daniel, Tom R. Johnson, and Jim Rathert Edited by Larry Archer Design by Susan Ferber Front cover: Eastern milksnake. Photo by Jim Rathert. mdc.mo.gov Copyright © 2017 by the Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri Published by the Missouri Department of Conservation PO Box 180, Jefferson City, Missouri 65102–0180 Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Missouri Depart- ment of Conservation is available to all individuals without regard to their race, color, religion, national origin, sex, ancestry, age, sexual orientation, veteran status, or disability. Questions should be directed to the Department of Conser- vation, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, 573-751-4115 (voice) or 800-735-2966 (TTY), or to Chief, Public Civil Rights, Office of Civil Rights, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240. GET TO KNOW MISSOURI’S SNAKES Snakes have generated more fear and misunderstanding than any other group of animals. Psychologists have proven that a fear of snakes (called ophidiophobia) is acquired; we are not born with it. Once people learn some of the interesting facts about snakes and discover that most of them are harmless and beneficial, their aversion may diminish. With patience and understanding, almost anyone can overcome a dread of snakes and actually enjoy studying them. One thing is certain — even people with a well-developed fear of snakes are curious about them. -
Eastern Wormsnake Carphophis Amoenus
Natural Heritage Eastern Wormsnake & Endangered Species Carphophis amoenus Program State Status: Threatened www.mass.gov/nhesp Federal Status: None Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife DESCRIPTION: Eastern Wormsnakes are small, glossy, thin snakes, and range from 18-37 cm (7-14.5 inches) in length. The body is unpatterned, gray or tan to dark brown. Distinguishing characteristics include a slightly flattened and pointed nose, small eyes, and a pink venter. Venter coloration extends onto sides of body to include 1st to 2nd scale rows. The tail length is short and has a blunt spine-like tip. The body typically has 13 scale rows. The scales are unkeeled and the annual plate is divided. They are a non-venomous snake in the Coluidae family. Based on research conducted in Kentucky, females Eastern Wormsnakes are slightly larger than males (mass: F = about 6.6g, M = about 4.6g); number of ventral scales (F = 112-150, M = 106-138). However, Copyright J.D.Wilson, 2006; www.discoverlife.org males have a longer tail length/body length (F = 11.3- 20.3, M = 13.4-20.4) and greater average number of SIMILAR SPECIES IN MASSACHUSETTS: There subcaudal scales (F = 14-36, M = 25-40). are three small snakes in Massachusetts that may be confused with the Eastern Wormsnake. The little brown Juveniles look like adults but the pattern is darker brown snake (Storeria dekayi) has a faint pattern of parallel and the venter brighter pink. spotting on the dorsum and lacks a pointed snout. The ring-necked snake (Diadophis punctatus) has a distinct cream or yellow colored ring across the neck and a cream colored venter; some have black crescent-shaped spots down the mid-venter. -
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (2013) 425–431
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (2013) 425–431 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Testing monophyly without well-supported gene trees: Evidence from multi-locus nuclear data conflicts with existing taxonomy in the snake tribe Thamnophiini ⇑ John David McVay a, , Bryan Carstens b a Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States b Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States article info abstract Article history: Ideally, existing taxonomy would be consistent with phylogenetic estimates derived from rigorously ana- Received 6 October 2012 lyzed data using appropriate methods. We present a multi-locus molecular analysis of the relationships Revised 19 April 2013 among nine genera in the North American snake tribe Thamnophiini in order to test the monophyly of the Accepted 22 April 2013 crayfish snakes (genus Regina) and the earth snakes (genus Virginia). Sequence data from seven genes Available online 9 May 2013 were analyzed to assess relationships among representatives of the nine genera by performing multi- locus phylogeny and species tree estimations, and we performed constraint-based tests of monophyly Keywords: of classic taxonomic designations on a gene-by-gene basis. Estimates of concatenated phylogenies dem- Monophyly onstrate that neither genera are monophyletic, and this inference is supported by a species tree estimate, Regina Virginia though the latter is less robust. These taxonomic findings were supported using gene tree constraint tests Liodytes and Bayes Factors, where we rejected the monophyly of both the crayfish snakes (genus Regina) and the Haldea earth snakes (genus Virginia); this method represents a potentially useful tool for taxonomists and phy- Stepping stone sampling logeneticists when available data is less than ideal. -
Smooth Earth Snake N
REIpI1LIA: SQUAMATA: SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE VIRGINIA VALERIAE Catalogue of American Amphbians and Reptiles. P collected by M. Harpen (date of collection unknown) (not ex- amined by authors). Powell, R,J.T. Collins, and L.D. Fish. 1992. Virginia w&&e Cohrta (Celuta) barperti: Lihtenstein and von Manens, 18%:23. Virginia batperti: Cope, 1875:35. Virginia vvalet3ae Baird and Ghd Catpcpbis Harpetii: Bocoun, 1883:542. smooth Earth snake Viriginia valeriaeVar. barperti: Garman, 1883166. Virginia ualeriae Baird and Girard, 1853:127. Type-locality, 'Kent Content. Three subspecies anrecognized: ualeriae, efeganr, County, Maryland." Typespecimen, National Museum of Natu- pulcbra, but see Comment. ral History (USNM) 1962, an adult (sex unknown) collected by Valeria Blaney (date of collection unknown) (not examined by Defhition. Virginia ualeriue is a small (TI. to 393 mm) authors). colubrid snake characterizedby a cone-shaped head, 19-20 maxillary CarpcpbisHaw:Dudril, Bibron, and Dudril, 1854:135. Type- teeth, 15-17 rowsof mostly smooth body scales (some scalesnear the locality, 'I1 nous a ete envoy6 de Savannah (Caroline du Sud)." vent may be weakly keeled), and a divided anal scute. In males -specimen, unknown, apparently an adult (sex unknown) ventrals number 109-126, subcaudals 29-45, and tail length is 12-22% Pfgure 1. Virginia ualeriaepulcbm from Cameron County, Pennsylvania. Photograph by S.L. Collins and J.T. Collins. n Map. Range of Virginia valeriae. Large open circles indicate type-localities, solid circles mark other records. P I I Flgure4. Median (A) and posterior (B) surfacesofthe left hemipenis of Virginia v. mleriae (from Clark, 1964). Descriptions. In addition to the original descriptions cited in the synonymy and those in many regional and field guides, descriptions may be found in DumEril et al.