BIBLIA AMERICANA Volume 2
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BIBLIA AMERICANA General Editor Reiner Smolinski (Atlanta) Executive Editor Jan Stievermann (Heidelberg) Volume 2 Editorial Committee for Cotton Mather’s Biblia Americana Reiner Smolinski, General Editor, Georgia State University Jan Stievermann, Executive Editor, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Robert E. Brown, James Madison University Mary Ava Chamberlain, Wright State University Rick Kennedy, Point Loma Nazarene University Harry Clark Maddux, Appalachian State University Kenneth P. Minkema, Yale University Douglas S. Sweeney, Samford University Cotton Mather BIBLIA AMERICANA America’s First Bible Commentary A Synoptic Commentary on the Old and New Testaments Volume 2 EXODUS – DEUTERONOMY Edited, with an Introduction and Annotations, by Reiner Smolinski Mohr Siebeck Reiner Smolinski, born 1954, 1987 PhD in English and American Studies from The Pennsyl vania State University; Professor of Early American Literature and Culture, Georgia State University (Atlanta) ISBN 978-3-16-158946-1 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National bibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset by Martin Fischer in Tübingen, printed by Gulde-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. In Memoriam Margret Helene Königstein Virginia Spencer Carr Antonio Maria Rodriguez-Vargas There is no steady unretracing progress in this life; we do not advance through fixed gradations and at the last one pause: – through infancy’s unconscious spell, boyhood’s thoughtless faith, adolescence’s doubt (the common doom), then skepticism, then disbelief, resting at last in manhood’s pondering repose of If. But once gone through, we trace the round again; and are infants, boys, and men, and Ifs eternally. Where lies the final harbor, whence we unmoor no more? Herman Melville (1851) Morgen-Glantz der Ewigkeit Licht vom unerschöpften Lichte Schick uns diese Morgen-Zeit Deine Strahlen zu Gesichte: Und vertreib durch deine Macht unsre Nacht. Christian Knorr von Rosenroth (c. 1690) Acknowledgments Nine years ago, in 2010, the first volume of Cotton Mather’s Biblia Americana (Genesis) appeared in print – thanks to the generous support of the distinguished publishing house Mohr Siebeck of Tübingen (Germany). It was a cause for celebration and, let me here confess it once and for all, a tremendous relief and personal vindication in more ways than one. Even the most well-meaning of colleagues generally shook their heads in disbelief (or was it pity?) that anyone would undertake to edit – let alone publish – Mather’s elephantine holograph manuscript of, roughly, three million words! Who, in this fast-paced academic world of publish or perish, would spend their aca- demic career on thumbing through dusty old manuscripts and arcane debates in the history of Enlightenment science and biblical hermeneutics? Hardly the kind of theory-driven enterprise that has transformed the studies of the humanities since the 1980s. After spending more than a decade of transcrib- ing the holograph manuscript, collating it against the original document at the Massachusetts Historical Society, proofreading it forward and backward and backward and forward again with the help of numerous graduate research assistants, and hunting down every imaginable primary source in rare-book libraries on both sides of the Atlantic – to repeat, after spending myriads of solitary hours of wading through the Mather bog, I held in my hands, at long last, the first printed copy ever of America’s First Bible Commentary. On the shiny dustjacket, Peter Pelham’s well-known portrait of Cotton Mather, peri- wigged in all his glory, seemed to wink and smile back at me – a projection of my own imagination, no doubt. Since that auspicious moment in late October of 2010, four more volumes of our ten-volume Biblia Americana project have been published: Ken Minkema’s BA 3 (Joshua – 2 Chronicles) in 2013, Clark Maddux’s BA 4 (Ezra – Psalms) in 2014, Jan Stievermann’s BA 5 (Proverbs – Jeremiah) in 2015, and Bob Brown’s BA 9 (John – Acts) in 2018. And now, inshallah, the second volume of Mather’s two-volume commentary on the Pentateuch, BA 2 (Exodus – Deuteronomy) in 2019. The remaining four volumes, edited by my colleagues Ava Chamberlain (BA 6), Doug Sweeney (BA 7), Rick Kennedy and Clark Maddux (BA 8), and Jan Stievermann (BA 10) – all in due order – are expected to appear by 2022. If miracles still occur in our time, then, surely, the internet and the world-wide-web must be counted among them. It never ceases to amaze me X Acknowledgments how incunabula, rare books, manuscripts, images, and digital resources of the remotest kind are accessible nowadays on any number of databases – just a few clicks away. “Eureka!” has since become part of my everyday vocabulary. Progress notwithstanding, I had the privilege of examining first-hand rare documents in libraries at home and abroad. My particular thanks go to the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American Antiquarian Society, Boston Public Library, Andover-Harvard Library, the Congregational Library and Archives, Pitts Theology Library at Emory University, the Huntington Library, the Bridwell Library at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, and (further afield), the Library of the Royal Society of London, the British Museum Li- brary, the Library of the Franckesche Stiftungen Halle, and the Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL). So, too, digital copies of rare works were made available through the Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, Staatsbib- liothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz Berlin, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg and Tübingen. Lest I forget, my colleagues at Georgia State University’s Pullen Library have gone out of their way to help me get access to primary and secondary works through interlibrary loans – if not otherwise available. Finally, many thanks to the now indispensable Google Books Library Project. It truly democratizes access to knowledge. The publication of this volume was made possible by a generous grant from the Henry Luce Foundation. We want to thank Jonathan VanAntwerpen, the Program Director for Theology at the Foundation, for his support of our project. For my research on Biblia Americana (BA 2 Exodus – Deuteronomy), I received several fellowships from the Massachusetts Historical Society, the American Antiquarian Society, the Huntington Library (Pasadena), the Andrew Clark Library (UCLA), and the Bridwell Library (SMU). The Department of English at Georgia State University under the leadership of Randy Malamud and Lynee Gaillet, and Sara Thomas Rosen, dean of the College of Arts and Science, generously granted two summer research fellowships and time off for two research intensive semesters (formerly known as sabbaticals). Special acknowledgements deserve my colleagues and collaborators Jan Stievermann under whose auspices our Mather Project received a generous grant from the Luce Foundation, Ken Minkema, Clark Maddux, Rick Kennedy, Ava Cham- berlain, Bob Brown, and Doug Sweeney. I am also grateful to Ute Smolinski (Limburg); Käthe Ristow (formerly of Mainz); Mark Langley (Topeka); Cary Hewitt and Margaret Bendroth (Congregational Library & Archives); Peter Drummey and Conrad Wright (MHS) for permission to edit and publish Biblia Americana; Rick Cogley (SMU); Christopher Trigg and Kate Blyn Wakely- Mulroney (NTU, Singapore); Alfred Hornung, Oliver Scheiding, and Damian Schlarb (Uni-Mainz); Baisheng Zhao (Peking University); Jiang “River” Liu (CPU, Nanjing); Henning Ziebritzki and Jana Trispel (Mohr Siebeck); and Acknowledgments XI untold well-wishers who suffered me to discuss my research at public lectures and conferences at home and abroad. My deep affections go out to my beloved daughters – Hannah Sophie Caldwell-Smolinski and Madeleine Marie Caldwell-Smolinski – who have grown up with Cotton Mather and who indulged their father’s penchant for musty old books. Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................... IX List of Illustrations ......................................... XIX List of Abbreviations ....................................... XXI Part 1: Editor’s Introduction Preface . 3 Section 1: The Figures or Types of the Pentateuch ........... 15 Section 2: Moses or the Egyptians? ........................ 52 Works Cited in the Preface and in Sections 1–2 ............. 89 Section 3: Note on the Manuscript ........................ 101 Part 2: The Text Exodus. Chap. 1. .......................................... 115 Exodus. Chap. 2. .......................................... 124 Exodus. Chap. 3. .......................................... 130 Exodus, Chap. 4. .......................................... 142 Exodus. Chap. 5. .......................................... 154 Exodus. Chap. 6. .......................................... 156 Exodus. Chap. 7. .......................................... 159 Exodus. Chap. 8. .......................................... 169 Exodus. Chap. 9. .......................................... 176 Exodus. Chap. 10. ........................................