JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131
FABRICATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINLESS BI-CYCLE Dr.Raghavendra Joshi1,Mayur.D.Pawar2, Shahid ali3, Mohammed bilal.k4, Rizwan5,V Muneer Ahmed6
Professor, mechanical engineering department, BITM, Ballari-583104, Karnataka Assistant professor, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104, Karnataka UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka UG student, mechanical engineering department,BITM, Ballari-583104,Karnataka
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
Abstract— This project is developed from the users to rotate the back wheel of bi-cycle using propeller shaft. Power transmission through chain drive is the oldest and widest method in case of bi-cycle . In this paper we implemented the chainless transmission to the bicycle to overcome the various disadvantages of chain drive. Shaft drive were introduced over a century ago , but were mostly supplanted by chain driven bi-cycle . Usually in bicycle chain and sprocket is used to drive the back wheel. The shaft drive only need periodic lubrication using grease gun to keep the gears running quite and smooth. A shaft driven bi-cycle is a bi-cycle that uses a shaft drive instead of a join which consist two sprockets with bearings at the both end of shaft connected to pedal crank and rear wheel gear to make a new kind of transmission system for bi-cycle for getting high reliability system, and more safe system.
Keywords- Pinion gear, Sprocket, Bearings, Pinion gear wheel, Propeller shaft
I. INTRODUCTION The first shaft drives for cycles appear to have been invented independently in 1890 in the United States and England. Fearn head, of 354 Caledonian Road, North London developed one in 1890 and received a patent in October 1891.His prototype shaft was enclosed within a tube running along the top of the chain stay later models were enclosed within the actual chain stay. In the United States, Walter Still man filed for a patent on a shaft-driven bicycle on Dec. 10, 1890 which was granted on July 21, 1891A shaft-driven bicycle is a bicycle that uses a driven shaft instead of a chain to transmit power from pedal to a rear wheel shaft drives were introduced over century ago. We achieved 99% efficiency, driven utilizes 25 ceramic speed hybrid bearings. Each bearing contains unique ceramic balls that are 58% lighter and 2.3 times harder than traditional steels.
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By increasing the speed of the bearing by 30-50%.each bearing works in harmony to deliver greater power, playing. The major benefit of the shaft-driven is lower maintenance and running costs, and cleanliness. Chain-driven bicycles need their chains adjusting regularly and they can be expensive to replace when they wear out. they need lubricating often ,especially in bad weather, which can be messy and inconveniently. Ball and roller bearings are used widely in instruments and machines in order to minimize friction and power loss. While the concept of the ball bearing dates back at least to Leonardo daVinci, their design and manufacture has become remarkably sophisticated. This technology was brought to its present state of perfection only after a long period of research and development. The benefits of such specialized research can be obtained when it is possible to use a standardized bearing of the proper size and type. However, such bearings cannot be used indiscriminately without a careful study of the loads and operating conditions. In addition, the bearing must be provided with adequate mounting, lubrication. Components and Description The main components of the cycles are, Ordinary Cycle Bearing Sprockets Wheel Gears Introduction of gear A gear is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque, in most cases with teeth on the one gear being of identical shape, and often also with that shape on the other gear. Two or more gears working in a sequence (train) are called a gear train. Such gear arrangements can produce a mechanical advantage through a gear ratio and thus may be considered a simple machine. Geared devices can change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. The most common situation is for a gear to mesh with another gear however, a gear can also mesh with a linear toothed part, called a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation.
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II.EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
THE COMPONENTS OF A SHAFT DRIVEN BICYCLE ARE:
SL.NO NAME OF THE PARTS MATERIALS
1 Cycle Mild Steel
2 Pinion gear Mild Steel
3 Sprocket Mild Steel
4 Shaft Mild Steel
5 Welding Material Mild Steel
III.MATERIAL USED
Fig 1 : mild steel material Mild steel contains approximately 0.05-0.25% carbon making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form surface hardness can be increased through carburizing.We have used mild steel material to make a sprocket and gear due to it good strength, Ductility, toughness, hardness and its economical.
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3.1 Placing of pedal gear
Fig2: pedal crank A bicycle pedal is the part of a bicycle that the rider pushes with their foot to propel the bicycle. It provides the connection between the cyclist's foot or shoe and the crank allowing the leg to turn the sprocket with bearings which is connected to shaft connected to rear sprocket attached to rear wheel gear and propel the bicycle's wheels. Pedals usually consist of a spindle that threads into the end of the crank and a body, on which the foot rests or is attached, that is free to rotate on bearings with respect to the spindle. Part attached to crank that cyclist rotate to provide the bicycle power.
3.2 Bearings:
Fig 3: Ball Bearings (624ZZ) Bearing is machine element that constrains relative motion to only desire motion and reduce friction between moving Parts. The simplest form of bearing, the plain bearing consists of shaft rotating in a hole. Lubrication is often used to reduce friction. In this project we have used Ball bearings which are used to transmit the energy from pedal to rear gearwheel and to reduce the energy losses and to increase the efficiency.
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3.3 Bearings sprocket with pinion gear wheel:
Fig 4: Fabricated gear and sprockets These are the sprockets consisting number of bearings on front and rear sprocket, These sprockets are held on propeller shaft. The bearings are fixed with the Allen bolts of M5 dia As shown in figure.
3.4 Propeller shaft:
Fig 5: Fabricated propeller shaft Here the Propeller shaft is used to transmit power from front rear (Driver) wheel to back gear (driven). It consist of two pinion gear sprocket. A driver pinion gear sprocket has 10 bearings and driven pinion gear sprocket has 15 bearings.
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IV.DESIGN PARAMETER
Fig 6: Design of mechanism Calculation : Number of teeth =34(Z) Design of gear Front gear (Driver) Outer diameter =199.1 Cutter used to make gear is by half ground grooves is ¾’’ inch sprocket cutter Pitch of gear =18.4mm. To find number of teeth on the gear to the pitch of 18.4mm =199.1/18.4*π = 33.99 =34 teeth. Pitch should be taken from 18 to 19mm, Because of ¾’’ inch cutter used (18.4mm) so that the pitch have to assume 18.4mm. Similarly For 2nd back gear (Driven) Outer diameter =117.12mm. Pitch of the gear =18.4mm. =117.12/18.4*π=19.99 =20 teeth 1st front pinion design Outer diameter =58.56mm. Pitch =18.4mm. = 58.56/18.4*π=9.99 =10 bearings 2nd back pinion design Outer diameter =87.84 Pitch =18.4mm. =87.84/18.4*π =14.99 =15 bearings Pinion set consists of 2 pinion , one driver and another is driven 1st pinion gear consists of 10 teeth 2nd pinion gear consists of 15 teeth Ratio of the compound gears Ratio of 1st pinion(driver) and gear(driven)
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Number of teeth of 1st front gear =34 Number of teeth of 1st pinion =10 =3.4/10 =3.4 The ratio of 1st set (i,e gear and pinion) = 3.4:1 Ratio of 2nd pinion(driver) and gear (driven) Number of teeth of 2nd pinion = 15 Number of teeth of 2nd gear =20 =15/20 =0.75 The ratio of 2nd set =0.75:1 Therefore the total ratio of the cycle = 3.4*0.75 =2.55:1 Which means if we rotate the pedal for 1 round the back tyre (wheel) rotates to 2.55 rounds more than 0.79 rotation Example :- the ratio of regular Atlas cycle we got the ratio of 1.76:1 Where Number of teeth of big sprocket (driver) =44 Number of teeth of small sprocket (driven) =25 =44/25 =1.76 Ratio is 1.76:1 Results :- Hence we increased the ratio from 1.76:1 to 2.55:1 by using this set of gears
V. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
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Fig 7: Fabricated and Developed Chainless Bicycle
RESULTS OF CHAINLESS BICYCLE
MAXIMUM SPEED OF CHAIN DRIVE BICYCLE : 750 RPM
AVERAGE SPEED OF CHAIN DRIVE BICYCLE : 590 RPM
DISTANCE MOVED IN ONE HOUR BICYCLE :12.5 KM/H Sl. No Description Chain Driven Shaft Driven Bicycle Bicycle
1 Maximum speed 750 rpm 1050 rpm
2 Average speed 590 rpm 700 rpm
3 Distance moved in 12.5 km/h 16.9 km/h one hour
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The shaft driven bicycle is high durability as compare to chain drive bicycle. The power transmission efficiency of shaft driven bicycle is above 95% efficiency, and chain drive bicycle is 75% - 90% efficiency
VI.CONCLUSION Considerable efforts have been focused on the better understanding of various design development in bicycle. Various forms of bicycle in the past history through which the existing form has evolved are discussed. The different empirical methods of transmission of human power on the pedal to the rotation of the wheels are discussed and the major advantages and disadvantages of these transmission are listen out. Generally, new mechanisms should be developed such that the design should be eco-friendly and more energy
The presented work was aimed to reduce the wastage of human power (energy) on bicycle riding or any machine, which employs drive shafts. In general it is achieved by using light weight drive shaft with bevel gears on both sides designed on replacing chain transmission.
Instead of chain drive one piece drive shaft for rear wheel drive bicycle have been optimally designed and manufactured for easily power transmission.
The drive shaft with the objective of minimization of weight of shaft which was subjected to the constraints such as torque transmission , torsion buckling capacity, stress, strain , etc.
The results obtained from this work is an useful approximation to help in the earlier stages of the development, saving development time and helping in the decision making process to optimize a design.
REFERENCES 1. Bell J.H., 1994, Chainless bicycle with dual drive shafts and floating drive train suspension system, US Patent No. 5316327. 2. Smith S.O. and Fleet W.J.T., 2006, Shaft driven bicycle and transmission therefore, US Patent No. US 6986520 B2. 3. Hahn T.L., 2004, Simple bicycle drive shaft transmission, US Patent No. US 2004/0083839 A1. 4. Rastogi, N. (2004). Design of composite drive shafts for automotive applications. Visteon Corporation, SAE technical paper series. 73332270 Design and Analysis of a shaft driven bicycle.
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5. Glenn F. Read “Power Drive” United States Patent Patent Number: 4,397,369 Date of Patent: Aug. 9, 1983. 6. A.M.Ummuhaani and Dr.P.Sadagopan “Design, Fabrication and Stress Analysis of a Composite Propeller Shaft, 2011-28-0013. 7. Anup A. Bijagare, P.G. Mehar and V.N. Mujbaile “Design Optimization & Analysis of Drive Shaft”, Vol. 2 (6), 2012, 210-215. 8. R. P. Kumar Rompicharla1, Dr. K. Rambabu2 Sep-Oct. 2012 Design and Optimization of Drive Shaft with Composite Materials International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) 9. Patrick E. Turner; Lawrence K. O'Dell. “Bicycle With Seleciably Engageable Single Or Dual Wheel Drive”. United States Patent. Turner et 81. Patent Number: 5,332,244 Date of Patent: Ju1. 26, 1994
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