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Memória Da Diáspora Armênia Nos Relatos De Seus Descendentes No Brasil E Argentina (Cidades São Paulo E Buenos Aires)

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Memória Da Diáspora Armênia Nos Relatos De Seus Descendentes No Brasil E Argentina (Cidades São Paulo E Buenos Aires) UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM INTEGRAÇÃO DA AMÉRICA LATINA SILVIA REGINA PAVERCHI Memória da diáspora armênia nos relatos de seus descendentes no Brasil e Argentina (cidades São Paulo e Buenos Aires) São Paulo 2015 SILVIA REGINA PAVERCHI Memória da diáspora armênia nos relatos de seus descendentes no Brasil e Argentina (cidades São Paulo e Buenos Aires) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Integração da América Latina (PROLAM) da Universidade de São Paulo, na linha de pesquisa Comunicação e Cultura, no nível doutorado. Área de concentração: Comunicação e Cultura. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Julio Manuel Pires São Paulo 2015 SILVIA REGINA PAVERCHI Memória da diáspora armênia nos relatos de seus descendentes no Brasil e Argentina (cidades São Paulo e Buenos Aires) Tese aprovada em ___/___/____ Banca Examinadora: ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Julio Manuel Pires – Orientador PROLAM – Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Renato Braz de Oliveira Seixas PROLAM – Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ______________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Lusinê Yeghiazaryan FFLCH – Universidade de São Paulo (USP) ______________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Yone de Carvalho Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP) ______________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Pedro Henrique Demercian Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP) Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP) PAVERCHI, Silvia Regina. Memória da diáspora armênia nos relatos de seus descendentes no Brasil e Argentina (cidades São Paulo e Buenos Aires) / Silvia Regina Paverchi. – São Paulo: PROLAM da USP, 2015. XV, 294p. : il.. ; 31 cm. Tese (doutorado) – Universidade de São Paulo. Programa de Pós Graduação em Integração da América Latina, São Paulo, BR-SP, 2015. Orientador: Julio Manuel Pires 1. Armênios. 2. Diáspora armênia. 3. Genocídio armênio. 4. Memória. 5. Imigração. A todas as vítimas do genocídio armênio que perderam a vida, os sobreviventes e seus descendentes. AGRADECIMENTOS A todos os entrevistados deste trabalho, pela disponibilidade e generosidade em partilhar memórias carinhosas e dolorosas. Ao meu orientador, professor Julio Manuel Pires, pelo constante auxílio e apoio em todas as etapas da pesquisa. Aos professores e funcionários do Programa Interunidades para Integração da América Latina (PROLAM) e do curso de armênio do Departamento de Línguas Orientais da Universidade de São Paulo. À Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, à CAPES, ao Zoryan Institute, à Fundação Luiza Hairabedián, e à Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Aos professores: Mineko Yamashita e Vahan Sarkssian ( in memoriam ), Lusinê Yeghiararyan, Deize Crespim Pereira, Maria da Conceição Golobovante, Mamede Mustafá, Jarouche, Reginaldo Mattar Nasser, Paulo José dos Reis Pereira, Jerusa Pires Ferreira, Marijane Vieira Lisboa, Yone de Carvalho, Heitor Andrade Loureiro, Joyce Apsel e Tomáz Esposito Neto. À Nara Melikjanian, Priscila Lee, Ana Sofia Salas, Gabriela Muente, Aline Santos, Horácio Terzian, Bruno Lourenço dos Santos, Fernando Januário Pimenta e Beatriz Rodrigues Lima. Aos meus alunos, da Armênia, do Brasil, todos eles, com quem tanto tenho aprendido nesses já maduros anos de vida enveredados e dedicados à docência, muito obrigada pelo aprendizado que me têm proporcionado. E, por último, não menos importantes e sim vitaliciamente fundamentais, por todo o afeto e apoio devotados: aos meus pais Oswaldo Paverchi ( in memoriam ) e Maria Izaura de Almeida, aos meus filhos Haroldo Fernando Paverchi de Araújo, Athos Oswaldo Paverchi de Araújo e Thomaz Henrique Paverchi Santana Bento, e netos Luíza de Hollanda Paverchi e Julio Cezar de Oliveira Paverchi. Ao meu companheiro de todas as horas, José Ednaldo Santana Bento. IN MEMORIAM (PÁSCOA, 1915) As flores que esta noite se adensam nas ramadas recordam-nos os homens distantes de seu povo. Nesta Páscoa as teriam colhido com as amadas; Entretanto jamais as colherão de novo. EDWARD THOMAS (1878–1917) Memória da diáspora armênia nos relatos de seus descendentes no Brasil e Argentina (cidades São Paulo e Buenos Aires) RESUMO Este trabalho trata dos descendentes da diáspora armênia, cujas comunidades se fixaram na Argentina e no Brasil após o genocídio armênio perpetrado pelo Império Otomano durante a Primeira Grande Guerra. O objetivo principal é apresentar relatos de indivíduos descendentes e integrantes das comunidades formadas a partir de 1920, especialmente as de Buenos Aires e São Paulo. Busca-se averiguar a presença de uma memória coletiva que evidencie elementos comuns a uma possível identidade cultural armênia nesses grupos de descendentes. Objetivos secundários: abordagens sobre a formação das comunidades na América do Sul, processo de imigração da diáspora armênia e condição refugiada no contexto de outros fluxos migratórios para Argentina e Brasil no início século XX. É uma pesquisa exploratória investigativa, sem postulados de memória, que busca na memória individual traços comuns a uma identidade coletiva. Palavras-chave: Diáspora armênia. Migrações. Identidade cultural. Memória. América Latina. VIII Memoria de la diáspora armenia en los relatos de sus descendientes en Brasil y Argentina (ciudades de San Pablo y Buenos Aires) RESUMEN Esta investigación trata de los descendientes de la diáspora armenia, cuyas comunidades se instalaron en Argentina y Brasil después del genocidio armenio perpetrado por el Imperio Otomano durante la Primera Gran Guerra. El objetivo principal es presentar relatos de individuos descendientes y integrados en las comunidades formadas desde 1920, especialmente las de Buenos Aires y San Pablo. Se busca averiguar la presencia de una memoria colectiva que pueda evidenciar elementos comunes a una posible identidad cultural armenia en estos grupos de descendientes. Objetivos secundarios: abordajes sobre la formación de las comunidades en Sudamérica, proceso de inmigración de la diáspora armenia y condición refugiada en el contexto de otros flujos migratorios para Argentina y Brasil en el inicio del siglo XX. Es trabajo exploratorio investigativo, sin postulados de memoria, que busca en la memoria individual rasgos comunes a una identidad colectiva. Palabras-claves: Diáspora armenia. Migraciones. Identidad cultural. Memoria. América Latina. IX Memory of the Armenian diaspora in the story of their descendants in Brazil and Argentina (cities of São Paulo and Buenos Aires) ABSTRACT This research deals with Armenian diaspora which migrated to Argentina and Brazil after Armenian Genocide perpetrated by Ottoman Empire during the Great War. The main objective is presenting reports of descendants from communities created since 1920 in Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo. The purpose is check the presence of collective memory which can shows common elements belonging to a possible Armenian cultural identity in these descendants. Approaches about community formation to South America as well as the immigration process of Armenian diaspora and the refugee status in the context of other migration flows to Argentina and Brazil in the XX Century constitutes secondary objectives. Exploratory and investigative research without memory postulates or filters aiming to find common traces belonging to a collective memory through the individual memory nature. Keywords : Armenian Diaspora; Migrations; Cultural Identity; Memory; Latin America. X Բրազիլիայում ևևև Արգենտինայում ՀայկաՀայկականկան Սփյուռքի հիշողությունները իրենց ժառանգների պատմություններում (Սան Պաուլո և Բուենոս Այրես քաղաքներում) ԱՄՓՈՓՈՒՄ Այս աշխատությունը պատմում է Արգենտինայի եւ Բրազիլիայի հայկական համայնքների մասին , որոնք այդ երկրներում ձևավորվեցին Առաջին համաշխարհային պատերազմի տարիներին Օսմանյան կայսրությունում իրականացված Հայոց ցեղասպանության հետևանքով : Հիմնական նպատակն է ներկայացնել հատկապես Բուենոս Այրեսում և Սան Պաուլոյում 1920 թ-ից ձևավորված համայնքների անդամ , ինչպես նաև անհատ ժառանգների պատմությունները : Նպատակ ունի պարզելու կոլեկտիվ հիշողության գոյությունը , որն ակնհայտ կդարձնի ժառանգների այդ խմբերում հայկական մշակութային ինքնության ընդհանուր տարրերի առկայությունը : Երկրորդական նպատակներն են՝ Հարավային Ամերիկայում համայնքների ձևավորման վերաբերյալ մոտեցումները , 20-րդ դարասկզբին Արգենտինայում և Բրազիլիայում հայկական սփյուռքի ներգաղթի և փախստականի կարգավիճակի գործընթացը այլ միգրացիոն հոսքերի համատեքստում : Սա հանդիսանում է հետազոտական քննչական ուսումնասիրություն , առանց հիշողության դրույթների , և նպատակ ունի անհատական հիշողության մեջ գտնել կոլեկտիվ ինքնության ընդհանուր գծեր : Հիմնաբառեր : Հայկական սփյուռք , Միգրացիա , Մշակութային ինքնություն , Հիշողություն , Լատինական Ամերիկա . XI LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – O monte Ararat visto de Ierevan ............................................................................. 32 Figura 2 – Alfabeto armênio inicial .......................................................................................... 36 Figura 3 – Origens do Alfabeto armênio .................................................................................. 37 Figura 4 – Alfabeto armênio atual ............................................................................................ 39 Figura 5 – Alfabeto armênio atual usado na Armênia .............................................................. 40 Figura 6 – Túmulo com restos mortais de Mesrop Mashtots no Interior da Capela da região de Oshakan, Armênia ...................................................................................................................
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