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Map 62 Phrygia Compiled by T Map 62 Phrygia Compiled by T. Drew-Bear, 1996 Introduction So far as is known, the area covered by the map does not pose significant problems of changes in physical geography. Deforestation has wreaked havoc in recent times (note Drew-Bear 1990, 1924-26), but no attempt is made to indicate the extent of forests in antiquity, since this is usually indeterminable–although it may be assumed that mountains were normally heavily forested, whereas plains were certainly treeless already in the classical period. Epigraphy is our primary source for the toponyms that appear on the map. Relating inscriptions to the landscape is the result of generations of work by scholars who have traveled in this region, found inscriptions and coins, and described geographical features that may be related. Very few inscriptions earlier than the Roman period are known from Phrygia. Hence there survive here very few attestations of toponyms from times earlier than the Roman empire. Nonetheless the great majority of toponyms known from inscriptions of the imperial period are indigenous and not Greek, which proves that these communities must have existed already for centuries before the arrival of Greeks in Asia Minor. The sites even of cities founded in Hellenistic times are normally known in Phrygia only if they survived as important communities into the Roman period. The picture that results from the available epigraphic evidence is therefore distorted: the second and third centuries A.D. are strongly over-represented, after which comes the great amount of Christian archaeological material preserved here. Notable among the many voyagers who have explored this area are W.M. Hamilton, “the prince of travellers in Asia Minor” (Ramsay 1895), who laid the foundations for our understanding of the geography of the region; W.M. Ramsay, who has contributed the most to our knowledge of its historical geography; and among his successors, above all W.M. Calder, who published many inscriptions. The western part of the area covered by the map has been studied with excellent results by Buresch, Keil and von Premerstein, as well as by Herrmann. The latter, however, followed the geographical conclusions adopted by his teacher Keil on the basis of Byzantine administrative arrangements. Inscriptions published subsequently (some by Herrmann himself), which Keil could not know, now confirm the statements of classical authors neglected by Keil. These demonstrate that, during the period which produced Greek and Latin documents in the region covered by Herrmann’s partial corpus of “North-East Lydia” (TAM V.1), this area did not in fact form part of Lydia, but constituted the southern part of Mysia Abbaeitis and was culturally linked to Phrygia, not to the Lydian plain. The region comprising the north of the map, along the Sangarius and Rhyndakos rivers, has been less thoroughly explored, most recently by Şahin and Schwertheim. My own extensive field-work in most of the regions of the map has resulted in the discovery of numerous inscriptions and sites; many entries in the relevant portions of TIB Phrygien are based on this unpublished material. Normally, size of lettering for the name distinguishes between communities which possessed the status of city (in Hellenistic or Roman times) or bishopric on the one hand, and those which were no more than villages on the other. Such indication of administrative rank implies nothing about size of population. Some “cities” in this region, as elsewhere, were surely smaller at one time or other than some “villages,” but the available evidence typically provides information only about civic status, not about size of population. Hierocles, Synekdemos, and the first of the Notitiae episcopatuum are the latest literary sources used. Descriptions, plans and photographs of rock reliefs, tombs and fortifications in the “Highlands” (most of them antedating the arrival of the Greeks in this part of Asia Minor) may be found in Haspels (1971), despite the limitations of its topographical indications. Only some of the most important of these numerous rock monuments are marked, in particular those that influence the funerary sculpture of the area in the Roman period. It is a pleasure to thank C. Thomas for her aid in placing these, and other, sites on the map. Normally omitted are sites (most often of the Roman period, with no known ancient name) located on the basis either of epigraphical or architectural finds by myself or others, or of rock-cut tombs (numerous in the areas covered 958 MAP 62 PHRYGIA by the map), or sherds. Beside sherds, usually the only proof of the existence of a Christian village–its houses built of mud-brick or field-stones–are the marble architectural remains of its church, particularly abundant in Phrygia. Such churches (even if their remains place them before the Byzantine period) are omitted here, as are the rock-cut churches (often difficult to date) found in suitable areas. For the great number of Christian sites, see TIB Galatien and TIB Phrygien. Except for stretches occasionally noticed in travelers’ publications, the roads shown are based mainly upon the maps of TIB and unpublished field-work by D.H. French, who assisted in marking them here. The list of Unlocated Toponyms includes in principle all cities thought to have been situated within the area of the map, but only those villages for which at least an approximate location may be suggested. In view of the extensive area covered, the list cannot be complete. It did not seem useful to include the numerous villages attested in the donors’ lists of the “Xenoi Tekmoreioi” (whose sanctuary was located in the territory of Antiochia), for which no evidence exists outside those lists themselves; it is not even certain that they belong to the area of the map. References to these village-names may readily be found in RE Phrygia (where Ruge places them merely in the “phrygisch-pisidisches Grenzgebiet”). Directory All place names are in Turkey Abbreviations IK 33 E. Schwertheim, Die Inschriften von Hadrianoi und Hadrianeia, Bonn, 1987 TIB Galatien K. Belke, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 4, Galatien und Lykaonien, DenkWien 172, 1984 TIB Phrygien K. Belke and N. Mersich, Tabula Imperii Byzantini 7, Phrygien und Pisidien,DenkWien211, 1990 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference E3 Abboukome/ RL/ Aslanbeyli, formerly TIB Phrygien 382-83 Sıcaeddin; Apokome R Sıcaeddin? Drew-Bear 1990, 2000 (n. 346) E2 *Abouadeineita R Musalar Köyü? Drew-Bear 1990, 1998-2001 A2 Abrettene R between Rhyndakos fl. Magie 1950, 1022 and Makestos fl. E3 Agdistis, T. HR at Yazılıkaya Haspels 1971, 154-55 D5 Agros Thermon RL Hüdai Kaplıcası TIB Phrygien 172-73 C3 Aizanoi HRL Çavdarhisar MAMA 9, xxiii-xxxv C4 Akmonia HRL Ahat Köy TIB Phrygien 175-76 E2 Akören RL Brixhe 1997, 81-83 E4 Akroenos/ R/ Afyonkarahisar TIB Phrygien 177-78, 348 [Akroinos] L § Nikopolis L B3 [Akrokos] L Eğrigöz TIB Phrygien 179 F5 Alexandri Fontes/ H/ Ulupınar RE Phrygia, cols. 842-44; T. Drew-Bear Midou Krene CRL C4 *Alia RL Asar Drew-Bear 1980 B3 *Aliana RL Kırgıl Drew-Bear 1980, 939-40 E5 Altuncebbar R? rock-cut shrine MAMA 4, xiii D3 Altıntaş L fortified town TIB Phrygien 319 Kurtköy F3 Amorion HRL Hisar Köy TIB Galatien 122-25 Anastasioupolis = Lagania E4 Angdisseon, T. R Bacakale Robert 1980, 236-39 A3 Ankyra RL Boğaz Köy, formerly TIB Phrygien 184-85 Kilise Köy F5 Anthios fl. R Yalvaç Çayı RE Phrygia, col. 814 MAP 62 PHRYGIA 959 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference F5 Antiochia/ HRL/ Yalvaç Levick 1967, 42-45; TIB Phrygien 185-88 Col. Caesarea R D5 Apamea See Map 65 Apokome = Abboukome C4 Apollo, T. R Ekşi Su Deresi Drew-Bear 1990, 1933-39 E4 Apollo, T. R Çavdarlı Robert 1987, 374-78 B5 Apollo Lairmenos, T. R at bend of Maeander fl. SEG 1985.1378 D5 Aporidos Come See Map 65 C3 Appia HRL Pınarcık, formerly Abia, TIB Phrygien 189-90 Abiye F4 *Appolena RL Tezkalesi TIB Phrygien 402; T. Drew-Bear D4 Aquae Ger(...) R Gecek RE Phrygia, col. 816 D3 Aragokome R Yapılcan Drew-Bear 1990, 1964-65 D3 Araukome L Eymir? MAMA 10.178 G1 Araunia See Map 86 D3 Arginousa CR S Türkmen Dağı Robert 1980, 285 A4 Ariandos R Alaağaç TAM 5.1, 47 A3 Ariste? RL Turnacık IK 33, 145 G4 Arra RL 3 miles SE Harunlar TIB Galatien 132, 134 D3 Arslan Taş AL Broken Lion tomb; Haspels 1971, 118-19, 208 Köhnüş valley B4 Asteles fl. RL Hamamsuyu TIB Phrygien 194 E5 Atlıhisar RL TIB Phrygien 195 B5 Atyochorion RL Akkent, formerly Zeyve? TIB Phrygien 196 D5 Aulutrena See Map 65 D5 Aulutrene RL Dombay Ovası Christol 1987, 28 D5 Aulutrene RL Pınarbaşı Christol 1987, 27-28 D5 Aulutrene L. See Map 65 F4 Aurokra RL above Dort Köy near TIB Phrygien 198; T. Drew-Bear Doğancık G5 *Azareis/ R Gözpınarı, formerly Azari Zgusta 1984, 48 *Ezareis C4 Babdalai RL Hacım TIB Phrygien 265; T. Drew-Bear B4 Bagis RL Güre TAM 5.1, 12-13 F3 Bağlıca RL? Drew-Bear 1996, 110-20 H3 Bagrum See Map 63 E5 *Banboulena L Bambul TIB Phrygien 205 Bathys fl. = Hermos fl. A4 *Beudena? HR near Encekler Naour 1983, 127-29 E4 Beudos (Palaion) HRL Yarışlı, formerly Bazlar TIB Phrygien 209 § Boudeia L Robert, OMS 6, 217 D3 *Birgena RL Murathanlar? TIB Phrygien 343; MAMA 10.55 B5 Blaundos HRL Sülmenli Magie 1950, 1001 § Mlaundos H SEG 1990.1206 D4 Brouzos RL Karasandıklı TIB Phrygien 215 Caesarea = Antiochia B3 Çanakçı See Map 63 B4 Çizikdam RL formerly Beyşehir TIB Phrygien 225 Col. Caesarea = Antiochia G2 (Col. Iulia Aug. Felix) RL .6 mile S Babadat von Aulock 1968, 222; TIB Galatien 168-69 Germa A2 Cybele, T.
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