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Discover Law Worldwide: Учеб ИИ..НН.. ААййннууттддиинноовваа DDIISSCCOOVVEERR LLAAWW WWOORRLLDDWWIIDDEE часть I И.Н. Айнутдинова DDIISSCCOOVVEERR LLAAWW WWOORRLLDDWWIIDDEE Под общей редакцией доктора филологических наук, профессора Г.А. Багаутдиновой Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов юридических факультетов вузов Часть I 1 Печатается по рекомендации Учебно-методической комиссии и Учёного совета Института языка КГУ Научный консультант: академик РАО, доктор педагогических наук, профессор Г.В. Мухаметзянова Рецензенты: доктор педагогических наук, профессор Т.М.Трегубова; доктор филологических наук, профессор А.Г.Садыкова Айнутдинова И.Н. DISCOVER LAW WORLDWIDE: учеб. пособие по английскому языку для студентов юридических факультетов вузов: в 5 ч. / И. Н. Айнутдинова; под общ. ред. Г. А. Багаутдиновой. - Казань, Издательство Казанского университета, 2010. – 210 с. ISBN 978-5-98180-770-1 Учебное пособие «DISCOVER LAW WORLDWIDE» (часть I) начинает серию учебных книг по практическому изучению английского языка для студентов юридических факультетов высшей профессиональной школы, состоящей из 5 частей. Пособие состоит из 7-ми законченных модулей (блоков), снабжено дополнительным учебным материалом в виде шаблонов таблиц для заполнения с целью структурирования, систематизации и закрепления знаний по теме изучения; тем и заданий для самостоятельного и группового творчества; глоссария, содержащего наиболее значимую лексику по темам изучения; блока по дополнительному самостоятельному чтению текстов и отдельных тематически значимых правовых актов. Пособие отражает современные тенденции в обучении иностранным языкам в неязыковом вузе и основано на личностно-ориентированных, профессионально-ориентированных, тест направленных и информационно- коммуникативных инновационных подходах к обучению иностранным языкам будущих конкурентоспособных специалистов, при этом главная задача преподавателя заключается не только в передаче конкретных знаний, но и в обучении способам работы для получения знаний. Пособие рекомендовано для студентов уровня Intermediate и Upper- Intermediate и может быть использовано как учебное пособие для изучения английского языка на юридическом факультете университетов или специализированных юридических институтов. 2 ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ: Introduction to the World of History and Law ………………………………. 5 Unit 1. The Code of Hammurabi and the Civilization of Mesopotamia ….......... 11 Unit II. The British Royal Dynasty of Plantagenets and the legal Heritage of the Past. The Magna Carta (1215) ………………………………....... 32 Unit III. The British Royal Dynasty of Stuarts and the Legal Heritage of the Past. The Petition of Right (1628) …………………………….... 47 Unit IV. The British Royal Dynasty of Stuarts and the Legal Heritage of the Past. Habeas Corpus Act (1679) ………………………………... 63 Unit V. The British Royal Dynasty of Stuarts and the Legal Heritage of the Past. The English Bill of Rights (1689) ………………………… 76 Unit VI. The French History. The French Revolution. Napoleon. The Napoleon`s Code of Law ……………………………………………………. 90 Unit VII. The American History. The American Revolution. The Declaration of Independence. The Bill of Rights. The US Constitution …………………………………………………………….. 111 The Glossary ……………………………………………………………………. 140 The Reader ……………………………………………………………………… 152 3 Introduction to the World of History and Law Before you read. Discuss these questions: Welcome to the fascinating World of History and Law! 1. Do you like reading books on and about History? 2. Who are your favorite historical Heroes from the past? What are they famous for? What are the historical events you associate them with? Reading tasks. Read the articles given below and answer the following questions: 1. What does the term «important» mean to you personally? Give 5 reasons. 2. Why is it important to study History? Give 2 reasons at least. 3. What is the role of Law and Order for any society? Give 2 reasons at least. 4. Is it difficult to be a Law-abiding Citizen? Give 2 reasons at least. 5. Can anything worthwhile be gained from continued research into historical events? 6. What makes the historical research so important for the development of judicial systems worldwide? 7. What are the main 6 things any civilized country need to have in order to survive in a modern world? 8. What are the two of the most important factors in maintaining social order and national stability nowadays? 4 Read the given texts and pay attention to the words in bold type. Text 1. The Importance of History (by Rose, Jonathan) Can anything worthwhile be gained from continued research into historical events? History seen as a study of the past is an integral part of many education systems across the world. Many countries spend huge amounts of money and resources to uncover their past. The study of history especially the historical battles and wars is beneficial when not vital for the evolution of warfare in the modern world. Military strategists continually study wars such as the World Wars, the Napoleonic Conflicts and many modern wars. Tactics and strategies are analyzed and continuously refined, so as to improve their effectiveness and efficacy in future conflicts. Without historical study into conflicts, advanced warfare tactics prevalent today would never have evolved from those primitive tactics man used to employ in wars. Another example when historical research is vital is the judicial system. History sets precedents of judicial cases, which are studied by judges before they make decision in similar cases themselves. The effectiveness of certain punishments for offences is also evaluated through history. 5 Though this is not always the case and our mankind failed to benefit from some lessons of the past, generally we study history in order to learn from it, improve our past experiences and avoid repeating past mistakes. Text 2. The Importance of Law and Order ( by Murali, Chari) These two words – Law and Order - may strike fear in the minds of many people living in today’s society. The truth is that the law is not implicated to create fear or scare society’s individuals; it is in place as a basis for society. Our society uses the law and law enforcement as the primary building blocks on which it is built upon. Without the law in place we would have no structure. A democratic and capitalist country needs six things mainly to survive. A strong army, a sound judiciary (at least, at the supreme court level), a robust lassez-faire economy, a free press, an effective foreign policy, and Law & Order. A political system is nothing but the sum of these six things and need not be mentioned specifically. (…) Any political party that doesn't include these aspects of social life in their agenda as a primary goal is not being true to the ideals of democracy. Any government that doesn't make the issue of Law and Order its top priority will never be effective. 6 Text 3. The Importance of Being a Law-abiding Citizen (by Venerable Master Hsing, Yun) Constitution and law are two of the most important factors in maintaining social order and national stability. Without them, disorder and chaos would arise because there would be no agreed-upon contract between us as humans or as citizens. Whenever a group of people is bound together by common interests or beliefs, some form of rules and regulations is necessary to set forth the rights and duties of each individual member. In the military, there are military laws for every level of personnel and for the organization as a whole. In religious institutions, there are precepts and commandments for the clergy and followers. In a family, there are house rules for children as well as for parents. If a member of any particular group decides to break the established rules of conduct, the cohesiveness of the whole will be threatened. In order for a country to run smoothly, there are rules and regulations for every industry. In order for society to survive without chaos, there are laws for almost every aspect of our lives. For example, without election laws, elections would not be fair and just; without banking laws, the economy would be in disarray; without criminal laws, crime would run rampant; and without traffic laws, the streets would become a jungle. However, at the same time, many people perceive laws as obstacles to individual liberty and as a means for government to control people. 7 What, then, is the true nature of law? On the surface, rules of conduct, such as precepts or commandments, seem to limit the scope of our actions. But in reality, they are the guarantors of personal freedom. For example, if people were to violate any one of the five precepts of Buddhism—no killing, no stealing, no sexual misconduct, no slandering, and no intoxication—they could end up wearing a prison uniform for an extended period of time, depending upon their offense. Therefore, if a nation desires to achieve long- term stability and prosperity, every one of her citizens must develop the habit of adhering to the laws, as established by custom, agreement, and authority. No one should be allowed to use legal loopholes to avoid problems—not the president, not celebrities, and not ordinary citizens. Everyone should be equal before the law, regardless of race, age, sex, wealth, fame, or position; otherwise, society and the country will fall into utter chaos. Vocabulary tasks. A) Match these terms with their definitions. a) an integral part a) a decision for the similar cases to be decided the same way b) uncover b) to have a belief about something c) refine c) to operate without problems d) beneficial d) norms
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